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Cl
Cl
Cl
Cl
What is a co alent !ond$ A co alent !ond is a !ond that is formed when a pair of alence electrons are shared !etween two non%metal atoms.
The two atoms achie e a sta!le electron config&ration (d&plet or octet) thro&gh'
The two non%metal atoms share a pair of electrons to form a co alent !ond.
2 What is a co alent !ond$ A co alent !ond is a !ond that is formed when a pair of alence electrons are shared !etween two non%metal atoms.
H H
N
H
N
H H
,ne ) atom and three * atoms (ii) +,2
H
3 single co alent !onds
O C O C O
O
2 do&!le co alent !onds
Two ) atoms
Na
Na
+ e-
-odi&m atom
-odi&m ion
Cl
e-
Cl
+hlorine atom
+hloride ion
Na
Na
What is a ionic !ond$ .onic !ond is the strong electrostatic force of attraction that holds the oppositely charged ions together. Fig.# The formation of magnesi&m o"ide
2+
Mg O Mg O
2-
__
Cl
2+
Mg
Cl
Mg
__
Cl
Cl
!ON!C BOND
The strong electrostatic force of attraction that holds the oppositely charged ions together.
1. The formation of the positi e and negati e ions 0etal atom 0etal ion
Na
Na
Cl
Cl
)on%metal atom
)on%metal ion
2. The opposite charges of the ions attract each other. 3. The force !etween the two ions is called electrostatic force.
"
Worksheet 1 Answers 2&estion 1 #a$ !oni% %om&o'nd #b$ 2()(2 #%$ t*o #d$ o%tet+ donate , re-ease+ &ositi.e #e$ 2( #f$ o%tet+ re%ei.e , a%%e&t t*o+ ne/ati.e #/$ e-e%trostati%+ ioni% #h$
2( C
3( B
4( B
5( B
( C
"( D
)( C
5( C
41( A
44( D
42( B
43( A
44( C
45( A
2( B
3( D
4( A
5( A
( C
"( B
)( C
5( C
41( B
44( A
42( B
43( C
44( D
45( C
3"
A B C C A B C C C
3'estion 4 4( .a-en%e+ meta-+ non-meta2( %o.a-ent 3( 32 4( #i$ !oni% #7$ 2()(4 #6$ one #-$ o%tet+ donate , re-ease+ &ositi.e #m$ 2()(" #n$ o%tet+ re%ei.e,a%%e&t one + ne/ati.e #o$ e-e%trostati%+ ioni%
__
Na
C-
Cl
8tr'%t're 3'estion 2
(a) 2.3.3.1 (!) 4ro&p 1 5eriod # (c) (i) 627 (ii) .onic compo&nd (d) (i)
2 K
3)
(ii) 1. *igh melting point/ !oiling point 2. 8s&ally sol&!le in water/ insol&!le in organic sol ent 3. +ond&cts electricity in molten state or in a9&eo&s sol&tion (e) (i) 6 and )/: and ) (ii) ;oth atoms ha e the same n&m!er of alence electron which is one. (f) <lement 0 is not chemically reacti e !eca&se the electron arrangement of atom 0 is a ery sta!le octet arrangement. The atom does not need to recei e= donate or share any electrons.
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