The method of creating life comes down to 2 fundamental concepts matter and energy.

The
universal components to make life include the need to occupy space (matter) and the need
to be able to do work to create change (energy).

All matter is composed of atoms which is the smallest unit of matter that can hold a name
when there is a chemical. Elements can be broken down into smaller units during normal
chemical reactions, the key elements in nature are Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen and
Carbon.

Atoms - There are 92 naturally occurring atoms in nature and 17 (at last count)
artificially created atoms for a total of 109 known atoms which have the same properties
protons and neutrons. These are located in the nucleus and this is orbited by electrons. The
atomic mass or size depends on the number and size of the protons and neutrons. All
atoms have the same number of protons and electrons because it is electrically neutral. The
electrons orbiting the nucleus are positively or negatively charged, and the protons and
neutrons in the nucleus are positively or negatively charged so opposites attract. The more
protons there are in the nucleus, the stronger the atom’s positive charge is and the more
electrons it can attract.

Now the electrons orbit the nucleus at different levels so this creates different atom energy
levels. So at the first level that is orbiting the nucleus called the shell, the atom can have a
maximum of 2 electrons, the next 2 levels can have up to 8 electrons. For them to move
from one orbit level to the next the number of electrons that can be accommodated must be
exhausted.

The terms to describe the atoms in the natural environment will help to understand anatomy
and physiology further.

1. Isotopes - these are atoms of elements that have a different number of neutrons and
have a different atomic weight. The element will have the same name but is broken down in
an alternate form, so they will have the same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons.

2. Ions - Since the electrons are relatively distant from the nucleus, it is subjected to
external fields that can add or subtract electrons. The removal or gain of an electron from
an atom turns it into an ion, the loss of one turns it into a positively charged ion, called a
cation. The gain of an electron turns it into a negatively charged ion, called an anion.

3. Acid - All atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, so it's electrically
neutral. A substance that becomes ionized when placed in solution, creating positively
charged hydrogen ions, H+. An acid is considered a proton donor.

4. Base - A substance that becomes ionized as soon as it is placed in a solution, creating

negatively charged hydroxide ions, (OH)–. Bases are referred to as being more alkaline
than acids and are known as proton acceptors.

5. pH (potential of hydrogen): Now that we have established the acid and akaline creation
methods, there needs to be a scale to measure the various ionization levels in nature. The
pH levels are a mathematical measure on a scale of 0 to 14 of the acidity or alkalinity of a
substance. A solution is considered neutral, neither acid nor base, if its pH is exactly 7.
(Pure water has a pH of 7.) A substance is basic if its pH is greater than 7 and acidic if its
pH is less than 7. Interestingly, skin is considered acidic because it has a pH around 5.
Blood, on the other hand, is basic with a pH around 7.4.