C .\ ,[( P}H A .

J
.A - Teopltja o6pa,llc 5!3 p C3alba
06pa.n.Cl nJlaCTlIYBO:o.1 Jl.ecP0pMal\11JoM
06pa)la ca6J<jalhe" -
06pa.n.3 I IC'NrlCKJ1S3lbeM
06pa,il,Cl 113BJJa'-lel-beM
06pa,l\3 caBl1jal-bCM -
06paAa O.D.BajatbC:'It :\1aTCpJ1jaJl3
QGpa)l3
06pa).ta npOCCLt3Fbe;\1 II npo6HjaJbCM
Cn060,lJ.HOna,Al-UI 1.lCJOlh -
ca aMOpTI1J3au,I4joM
Ba3,nyUliHl'( - -
TIC1oPI-Jl..1 lieKJ.mJI
J.1cnJ1TJ1B3tbe 1.ICRlilka
M eX3UJIl.fKe npece -
c:T>PMKu, JtJORe npece
Kp'l13a jHe npece
npece
3alliTlITHI1 ypebajJl 1-18 MeXaHHLJKHl\l rrpecai\1a
J.1onI1THB"Ube T3l.JliOCTIIf Mcxrunl1.fl{J1X npeca
X I1ApaYJIJI'H-IC npecc - - - - -
l.JUCTO - xI1ApaYJIII'iHC npece
TIapHo - IfJHI a33AYWRO - xJ>lJJ.tPaynw ..rne "pece
E n'I{TpO - XH,ll,paYJIIP1HC npece
nOfl.'lOluut ypebajH 11 eJIeMeFl1'M xHJl.paYJIJ>pIID-{X npoca
J1cnHTl1Balhe xH,llpaynHt.IH11X npeC3
Cnel.(Hj aJIHe npece - - - -
npcce 33 3aKJolBaJbe
npece 3a pa3BJI3l.1eJbe JII1:\10B3
MawJ1.He 3a oopa,ny MaTepJlljaJla eUJhafb8;'\1
MaWI1He 3a xna,ItHO eaJbaa,e
MaWHHC 3a J.llpa.n.y 3yn'l.I8.HHKa n3JhaJ-beM
eaJblV1
CTpaU<l;
3
5
32
.0
55
:12
62
71
74
78
83
94
104
l09
111
III
120
J59
184
187
189
190
207
214-
- 219
224
......
Mnw lI Jlc 3ct CUBllhubC - - - -- -
M aWIlRe 33 npaeoJIlIHHjCKO canll j::ll-be
MaWylHe 33 K:PYJK.HO ca sJoljalbc -
Cneu,HjanHe M3WM.He 3H Cc:llm ,i Ul-bC
MaWMRe 3a OTCel,{aJ"b e - - -
MaKa3e 3<1 Y Ta GJ18M<l -
Cnell.l-1jaJTHe :\1aK33e 33
Maunme 33 npo6wjal'l:. e - -
MmUHHe 3a OTCCQ.3 Fbe npocpJ !J1 HCa HOr M3TepHjaJl Cl
B - AJI3TH
AnaTIl 3a KOaaH>e - -
CJI06o)J.Ho KOBal-be
Koaalbe Y KaJlynHM<l
AJIaTI1 33 MCTI'IOKlttB3'lbe .
OCHOBHl1 e Jle Me HTI'1 Rn3T3
,llo3Bomene 'rOJIepaFll.{Jllje aJlaTa l>f .pa)J.'Hor
Bpoj onepallJ<ja - - -
MaTepl1jaJIa Ha J.l3BJ131..Ielb e
06JJYU ..V1 an3 T3 H MRTepJoljan3
KOHCTPYKll.Jilja 3JIBTa
Ji13BJla qefbe npMTJifCIOmal-be::-'i
npJ.olrrpel\1aI'be MaTepJ<fj 3n3
AJJfi'J111 33 c3sMjafbe
An3TH ea je,nHItIM np"ITItICKUBa'-l e.\ 'l
AnaTJ1 ca Bw.we npWTHCKllfsa'-ta -
A.lIa
r
n,1 3a npoce.Qaffie - - - -
KOHCTPYK'DHBHJ!I eneMeHTw aJlaTa 3a
JeAHoce"lHW anaTH 33
Bwwece'"lHw anaTW 3a
npOCeI.{afbe nOMofiy rYMe
KOMOJ1HOaaHI1' anaTa:
IlJpoceqafbe w .H3BnaQef-be
I1iP<>cellafbe ;., caaJofjafbe
IV"
CTPaHa
243
243
252
?.56
258
259
266
268
270
271
271
274
295'
295
297

298
298
301
313
321
325
326
326
333
333
33n
336
341
345
346
346
349>
IIPEp;rOBOP I J13.p;AIDY
P;pyzu oeo y1,l6euu'Ka U3 npeo.lteTa " Mauiuue aAaTKe U UUOYCTPU-
C'Ka npOU3S00'lba .MaULUUa", 'Koju je ooyxsaheH OBO.M. KlbUW.M., caopJICU
Ca.M.O nOZAaBJba 0 oopaou .M.eTaAa 6e3 pe3a1ba (A - Teopuja o6paoe
6e3 pe3a'lba, B - MawuHe 3a o6paoy oe3 pe3alba, B - aAaTu). OCToAa
nOZ,/I.UBJba npeoBuljE'Ha 3a II oeo H.30CTaAO cy 360z TOZO, ULTO cy 06U.M.-
HOCT U jeoHopoOHOCT ./otaTepuje 3aXTeSOAe H30Baja'lbe Wp'lbUX no-
y 3ace6aH oeo, OO'K he OCTaTa'K .M.aTepuje Ca'l.U'lbaBaTU Tpehu
neo, U3Y3U.M.ajyliu nOZAaBJba 0 e'KCnAOaTal\uju U OPZOHU30U,ujU npOU3-
BOO'lbe, Koja cy lt30sojeua U3 OBOZ npeO.M.eTO U YULAa y caCTas HOSOZ
npeO.M.eTa "OpZaHU3U1\uja U eKcnAoaTau,uja cjJa6pu'Ka u paduoHuu,a" .
OSO.M. npUJlUKO.lt ce Uap0'l.UTO 3axsaJbyje.lt pecjJepeHTY U 3a
II deo OSOZ y1,l6eUUKa z. UHJ!C. P;YULaHY BUTUCY, pea. npocjJ. MaULuu-
('KOZ cjJaKYATeTa T. B. III. , ua SpAO CaSeTU.Ma U npU.M.e06a.M.a.
Maja 1950
Y Beozpady
IIPEp;roBOP II J131VUbY
Osa 1nbuza y oouocy ua J It30a'lbe U3Jla3U y np01.UUpeHO.M. B1-
u TO 1C(lKO Y TeOpUC'KU.M TaKO U y KOUCTP1/KTUBUU.M. nOZJlaSJbU.M.a.
PUC'KU deo je npOULupeu aUaJlU30.M. uanoua U YCJlOBO.M. 3a HaCT(
nJlaCTU'l.UO'1. CTa'lba. IIozJlasJbe 0 o6padu ca6uja'lbe.M. oon,y'lbeu
pucxtlo.M. U3so!1elbE'.M. o6pu-3au,a 3a oecjJop.M.a11,1touu oTnop U pac
nao 'KOSO yseoeuo nOZJlaBJbe .,06paoa ttCTUcKUBa'lbe.M.". IIoz
olipadu U3SJla'l.e'lbe.M. j e y uJoeC'Koj .M.epu npoULupeuo U3pa3UJl
q,op.Mau,uo'Ku oTnop 3a opyzy U OCTaAe onepat\uje. Y oeJlY 0
y'leTa cy U3BeC'Ka npOULupe'lba U oonyne 1/ npopa"l.y1tu-Ata 1<
cjJPU'K!.iU01tuX npeca, npeca OBOCTPYKOZ U TPOCTPYKOZ
ca onpYJIClto.M. a.MOpTu3au,ujO.M., Sa30YU.l.1tOZ U napuoz
nOZJlaSJbe 0 .ltaULUUa.M.a 3a 06pady saJba'lbe.1t oony'lb 0 :!feTO
pade 3yn'l.anuKa nJlaCTU' tlW.M. oecjJ0p./otat\ ujo.M.. Y oeJl yw.
2
cy TalCobe U3BeC'He dOTlYHe U TO '1/ nOZ.IIa8JbU..Ita 0 aJUlTU.Ma 3a 1COSa1be,
tI3BJta"!?1be U npOCet\alOe, dO'K je 'KaO 1I.OBO y'HeTO 0 aJUlTU&a
3a UCTUCKUBalOe.
IIoULTO je y Bpe.M.euy 'U3xeljy U3.ltaC'Ka I U II 'HaCTynu.aa
ne06a "U npOw.upelOe nped.MeTa "Maw.une aJUlT1Ce 'Hd1lcrpuc'Ka npo-
U3BOd1ba Xaw.uHa" ua He'Ko",}U'Ko HOBUX nped..lte2'?i, TO je npu U3padu
OB02 HOBen U3dalOU Boljeuo pa',y= 0 'KOpl,w.li.e1bY OBe 'KlbU2e 3a OHe
oeJtOBe nped..lteTa "M01UU'HClCa 06pada" u "MawlL'He aJtaT'Ke U onpe..lta"
'Koju ce oouoce ua 06pady 6e3 pe3U1ba.
Jauyapa 1962. wd.
y.Be02pady
II. CTa'H'KOBuli.
A. TEOPHJA OEPAAE EE3 PE3AlbA
YBOII:
IlOA OOpaAOM 'MeTaJIa 6e3 pe3al-ba nOAPa3YMesaj y ce ORe MeTOAe
06paAe MeTana, npl1 1<0j l1Ma ce MaTepMjany Aaje )KeJbeHl1 06JIVIK Ae-
CPOPMTl1Cdl-b6M 11= oABaj al-be.'I1.
Mel10Ae 3a 06paAY MeTaJIa 6e3 pe3al-ba Msor06pojHe cy M OHe sa-
JIa3e Hajl.l.D1py rrpl1MeHY y MeTaJllfOj MHAYCTpl1jM M TO HapO'fJ1TO rrpM
cepVljcKoj 11 seJl'l1Kocepl1cKoj npC)J13SOA:l-bVl. ORe MeTOAe 06paAe
rrpe"CTaSJbaTI1 11JIJ1 3a-spurne onepaul1j e Kao Hanp. W3BJIa'fel-be, npoce-
l.\a:l-be, I1JiI1 npeTXOijHe onepal,{Mje (KOBaIbe) nOCJIe KOjVlX CJIeAyje 06paAa
pe3a:l-bel'! sa CTpyry, rJTO"aJIML\M 11 CJI.
IlpeMa TOMe Aa JIVI ce 06paija 6e3 pe3a:l-ba SpWM "ecpopMMcalbeM
MJI"f caMO Meljyc06HI1'M 110jeAJ1HMX "eJIOBa MaTepl1jaJIa (npo-
6",j aEbe, npocel.\albe VI 'CJI.) pa3Jl'11Kyje ce 06paAa Aecpop-
Mal.\l1joM OA 06paAe o.u.sajal-beM MaTepMjaJIa.
OEPAII: A llJlACTH'lHOM AE<1>OPl\lAIJ;HJOM
OopaAa AecpopMal.\l1joM MO)Ke ce M3ReCTM I'fJIM Meljyco6HVIM no-
MepalbeM eneMeHaTa TeJIa 'Koje ce AecpopMVlllIe Kao Hanp. npM KOBaEbY,
w.JBJIa'felbY, MJIJ1 ce AecpopMVICaFbe BPlJJM, Kao Hanp. np11 HeKMM cJIY'Ia-
j eBl1Ma casMjalba ca!l1O Meljyc06Hor OTCTojal-ba OHMX AeJlJ1ha
MaTep"jaJIa, IWj M ce HaJIa3e Herrocpe,AHO Ha MeCTy ,Aej{!TSa anaTa -
JIOKaTfHa AecpopMal.\l1ja. CeM OBMX 110jeA/<fHa'fHMX MeTOAa 06pa"e j aSJba
CPO 11 KOMOJ1HOBaHa 06paAa.
)l;a 6", ce 'MaTepl'fjaJI I1JIa'CTI1'fHO )J.eCPop'MI'fcao y3 Meljyc06ao rrOMe-
paEbe rroj e.n:MHMX eJIeMeHaTa aJiH 6e3 pa'cTa'SJba>loa I-bl1x'Ose se3e, 00-
Tpe5Ho j e ,Aa Hanpe3aI-be MaTepoI1jaJIa I1pelje r paH"I1L\Y pa3BJIa"IeEba (l1JIM
rpa.IDf1.\Y l'Ebeqelba). IIp!1 TOMe Tne6a T<liKBa Hanpe3al-ba MJa3SaTM y
CSI1M )J.ecpopM'l<CaHOr ,AeJIa MaTepMj aJIa, YCJIe,A 'fera j e ct1.l1a
nOTpeOHa 3a ,Aecpop'1J1calbe qax 11 Mal-bI1X pa,AHMX npe,AMeTa seJIl1Ka,
a MaJlJl1Ha rrOTpe6Ha 3a 113a3MBalbe 'fa'KSe (lMJIe Mopa rrpeMa TO'Me pa-
crrOJIaraTl1 BeJI/<fKOM 11 OI'fT11 j aKe KOHCTpyKl.\Mje. Be.rrn:Ke
CWJIe Mor y ce CMaJ-b11Tl1 rpejal-beM MaTep'Y1j aJIa rrpe 06pa,Ae ,AO ycl1ja.l-ba,
'fI1Me ce CMal-byje lberOBa OTI10paOCT Tj. OJIa'KllIasa AecpopMMCaEbe. )l;e-
cpopMl1Calbe je Tanmlje OJraKWaHO Kloprru:rhel-beM KIllieTl'f"U{e eHepr Mj e
j e,AHe peJIaTMBHO MaJIe Iro.KpeTHe Mace-KOSaEbe MeXaHI<f'!1IOfM qeKl1lieM.
4
IIOCTaUa1<: nAaCTU'L'ltUX aeop .... au,ttja. AKa je HeKO Teno npo-
CTOPHO Hana,llHyro c",naMa Koj e CToj e Y p'anHOTe;>\6t, ce (}He Mory
CBeCT>! Ha Tp'" Mel)yc06HO ynpaBHe c",ne Koje / naAajy Y npaBl.\e TP",jy
Mel)yc06HO ynpaBtrnX KoopAlffiaTa (cn. 1). H<ihOH"' , Koje O1'.e c",ne J-f3a-
3>rBajy y paBH"'Ma y npaBHHM Ha Te c"ne, lia3",sajy ce rnaSHHM HaIlO-
HKMa '" 06ene:masaj y cpo ca "1' ". II " .
IIpw ",cnKT",saH>Y np06neMa 06paAe nnaCTwmOM AecpopMal.\"'joM OA
wH'I'epeea cy ycnonw nOA Aona3W AO nJlaCTK'fHe y
HeKOM TeJIY. AKO ce npeTnoc"\'aB" Aa J13Mel)y rJlaSH"X HanOHa nOCTojw
3aS"'CHOCT '" > "2 > ", rAe cy ca 1, 2, '" 3 06ene:meHl-l npaBl.\w r Jl aSHl-IX
Hanoaa, OHAa Kao U1TO nOKa3yjy eKcnepWMeHTaJlHa "'CnKTKBalba, 3a
nOCTaHaK TpajHwx, O.!(HOCHO nJlaCT""HI1X AecpopMal.{l1ja y HeKOM TeJIY
3
2
en. 2. - Be3a .J.t3Mel}y H3nOl-la
MepOAaSHe cy yrJla'BHOM caMO se '-{litHe Hajseher '" HajMal-ber rJl aSHor
HanOHa, AOK ce AejCTBo TPeher. r or HanOHa Mo:me 3aHeMap"TH. Gsa
"J-fJbeHJ-fl..\a ynpomhasa pacMaTp H>a '" 3a npaKcy ce CTera np06J1e.U1
Mory ea npOCToplIDr eseCT" H paBa: CKl-f.
3a CTBH>e HB!lTOHa y pas rI." oj'''' Y HeKoj npO"'3BOJbHoj paSH'"
cJleAeha Be-3a >f3Mel)y HOp'Ma Hor " J-f TaHreHQ",jaJlHor HanOHa
T c JeAHe 'CTpaae '" rJlaBH'" HanOHa \ '" II "II C APyre CTpaHe (CJl. 2),
aKO ee rJlaBH'" npaBl.\'" 1 epy 3a xtkp.!(HHaTHe npaBl..\e.
,,dA cos o:
. /"\ / .J
,,dA 'S1l1 a '1, dA , cos a "" dA ,sin a = 0
rAe dA npeA,CTBBJba en] eH.!raHy nOBp , Hy 3a KOlY -ce eJleMeHTapHe
C"'JlP. pa"YHBlY, !
1-13 ropHMX jeAH ""'Haj A06>rhe ce, 063>q)OM Aa je cos". a
1 + cos 2 f( '.. L I -, cos 2 IX S' 2
2 H slJl- a - ( 2 sin acoslX=
T =
'" - " 3 sin 2 a ,
2
5
EKCrrepl1:MefiTaJlHa MCrrMTlffi a>ba Koja cy Bp1ll11ID1 '1'pecKa {Tresca)
M APyrM MCTpa)KMBa<ti1 cy AO 3aKJbY'lKa Aa 3a HacTajal'bc rr .na-
CTWlHor CTaIi>a Y HeKOM TeJlY IDICY MepOAaBHe caMO BeJl>l'U1He rJlaB-
HMX HarrOHa Ben >bMXOBa pa3JlM'Ka. TpajHe Aecj>opMau;Mje Ha:CTaj y rrp11'
TOMe y' OAPeljeHMM paBIDfMa Koje rrpeMa rrpaBl.\l1:Ma HajBener 11 HajMa-
>ber rJIaBHor HarrOHa "I 11 "3 3aKJlarraj y yrao OA 45 rOp>ba jeAHa'{llfIa
3a CMlI4:ynM HanOH AouMja TaAa 06JIl1l<
{m ax = 0'1 - 0' 3 = const.
2
rOpIi>a 3aSMCHOCT M3Meljy MaKCMMamIOr cMlIqyY. er HaJITOHa "max
M rJIaBHMX HanOHa rrpeTCTaBJba jeAHY OA XMnOTe3a 3a HaCTaja&e rrJla-
CTM'IHOr CTaIi>a (XMnOTe3a Ma'KCMMaJIHOT CMMclyller HanOHa) . H a OCHOBY
"I - "3 - 2 [mar = k
rAe je k cnellwWWIHlI ne(j:?OlMalIMoHl1 OTnop KOjM je 3a
MMCaIi>a 6e3 Tpe>ba j enH<l1K HaUpe3aIi>Y Ha rpaHJ:f1!.M BeJtl1KMX AeopMa-
IIpeMa TOMe MO}l{e ce k no OBOj TeopMjM 01lpeAMTlI MCl1M'TMBa>beM
MaTepMjaJl a Ha rrpMTMcaK (MJlM 3aTe3a>be) , rrpM 'leMy' je TaA'l
2 "max = "1 = k o(jeAHoocHO MCfTMT11'Ba%e).
IIJlac'ro1'lHa AeOpMaIlMja y cTBapHMM HaCTaj e Ha Taj
Ha'l!l-IH, llITO ce MaTeplljaJl flOcpeACTBOM MaWMHe M oAToBapajyner aJlaTa
OfTTepeTM AOBOJbHO 'BeJlMKOM CMJI'OM. YCJleA AejCTBa OBe OMJIe jaBJba ce
y MaTepMjany rJl aBHM HanOH "" 'rMjM ce npa:Ball ll'OKJIallia ca rrpasu;eM
AejcTBa cl1Jle, OAH'OCHO ca rrpaBlleM IcpeTa>ba aJlaTa. MaTepMjaJl rrpM
OBOj Aecj>opMal.\MjM Jof3MM'ie (Te'leIi>e 'MaTepMjaJla), rrpl1 'ieMY je y Benoj
M.1lJo! . Ma>boj Mepll OMeTaH AejCTBoM Tpe>ba M APYrMM cj>a'IITOpMMa YCJleA
"Iera ce jaBJbajy M APyra ABa rJIaBHa HarrOHa. r Jla'BIDI HarrOH " . AejcTByje
y rrpaBIlY HajMaIi>er OTrropa Jof aKO je npeMa rOp>beM C"l - "3) ;;;;' k, HaCTa-
ne 'Fe"le>be MaTepMjaJla, OAHOCHO rr'1a:CTM'fHa Aecj>opMau;Mja.
o APyrMM XMnOTe3a!Ma 3a rrOCTaHaK rrJIaCTM'fHOr CTa>ba, Kao Hanp.
o XMrrOTe3M Aecj>opMMCaI'ba Roja Y3JofMa y 063l1'p CBa TpM r'1aBHa Ha-
nOHa, Hene OBAe 6MrM pe'fl1. Pa3'1HKa y pe3y'1Ta-
Tl1Ma M3Meljy OBe M XMnOTe3e MaKCMMaJIHOr CMJ14:y-
ner HalliOHa M3HOCM IYKO 12 AO 15
0
/0, Ta'iW ,u.a je XM-
rrOTe3a cMJ1"fYner HanOHa, Kao jeAHocTaBHMja, AO-
BOJbIfO Ta'lHa 3a rrpaJKTJof'lHY rrpMMeHy.
c
KJtU3'H,U KO'H,t /C. AKO ce Ha HeKO Te'1O
APJof'lHOr oti'1M'Ka Ae}CTByje M3BeCHOM CM'1OM, TaJKO
Aa ce Teno ca6Mj a (C'1. 3), M aK'O ce rrpe'l'rrOCTaBM
IIII j j j
,J_.
i I
I i
1
I
i
I
I I
'-. -',,-.,-:---;...,:-:--:-,-J
t t ttl t
Aa He rrocTojM 'Fpe>be 113Meljy rrOBplL'l1Ha Cn. 3. - CaGl1jatbe
TE''1a M MaWMHe, ,,06MII('> ce rrOC'1e Aecj>opMHIlMje 6e3 TpeI'bo
<meT C'1>fCfHO Te'1O; I.l'I1JIMHAap rrpe'1a311 y !.\M'1MHAap
MaIi>e BMCMHe -ami Bener rrpe'lHJofKa, rrpM3Ma Ta'Kolje A06Mja 06'111'K
C;rM'laH rrpB0611THOM MrA.
MeljYTMM, npM CTBapHoM cauMjaIi>Y ITOCTOj.M Tpe>be IOMeljy Ma-
'FepMjaJIa M aWMHe OAHOCHO aJlaTa M TE' CM'1e Tpe>ba cy, 360r BE'JIMKe
6
HopMa,nHe CI1,ne, AOC'l'a 3Hanre. Yc,neA ORI1X cl1,na Hehe
Te,no rrOCJTe 38AP>Ka1'M UI1,n>frlAPI1'fHI1 06JTMK, seh lie ce
I1crry lT'HlTI1 11 TO Ha CpeAI11i'11 rAe je 11l1<"[l el-be HeOMeTaHO, AOK lie Ha Me-
CTKMa AOAMpa ca MaWI1HOM, OJ\HOCHO a,naToM, llfMpel-be 611TI,r y 113set"H"oj
MepM OMeTaHO TPelheM. U:H,nI1HAPM'iHO TE',nO (c,n. 4n) nOA AejcrsoM CH,ne
Aecj>opMl1cahe ce M A06Mlie t-rcrryn'JeH 06JJMK (c,n. 4 b). ITPM AaJbeM Aej -
crsy CM,ne CMaFb,,!lie ce SMCI1Ha, AOK ce rrpe'IHlfl.\l1 rrosehaBajy (c,n. 4 c).
a)
c)
I
I
--
i
en. 4 . - Cri 'IlJ)el-beM
Ha OSOM Aecj>opMM"CaHOM Te,ny pa3,nl<1KYjy ce TpM 30He. 30Ha I HacTaje
Ha MeCTI1Ma RaJTeraFba MaTepl1ja,na. Osa 30Ra je 30Ha OMeTaHor urn-
peFba MaTepMja,na yc,neJ\ Tpelba W.lMel)y AOA11pH'l1X nOSpllfMHa. 30Ra II
je 30Ha r,naSRor Aecj>opMl1Cal-ba. 30Ha I nocrynRo npe,na3t-r y 30HY II,
TaKO Aa M ca6l1jaIhe, a CTKMe y se3t-r 11 60'fH0 WI1-
pelhe, pacre t-rAyhM OA AOAJ1PH= rrospWM"Ha Ka
cpeAHHI1 Te,na Y 60'Jl-111M 30Ha'Ma III je caol1jal-be
no S'MCMHH AOCTa pasHOMepHO, aJTM ce y cnOJbl-bKM
c,nojeSJ1Ma Mory jaSJhaTI1 11 HarrOHI1 3aTe3al-ba,
yc,neA 'lera ce Ha 60
t
lHKM nOSpWMHa1\'la nOHeKaA
crsapajy nyKOTHHe.
AKO' CE' ryocMal1pajy SJla'K'Ha HeKor UJorJTJ1"H-
APt-r'JHor TeJla nocJle ca6>rjatba (c,n. 5), St-rAe ce
Ha l-bl1Ma rrpesojHe l1a'rKe. Cnaj al-bE'M OBUX Ta'JaKa
A06t-rhe ce ABa jeAa"H Ha ropl-beM M APyPt-r
Ha AOl-bE'M AeJTy '!"eJla. Ost-r KOHyCt-r 30BY ce KJlt-r-
3H11 KOHYCt-r a OAl'Osapaj y 30Hallfa I Tj. 30HaMa
OMeTaHOT lUl1pelba MaTep>rjaJTa. YKOJrt-rKO je SJTa-
KHO YAaJbeHl1je 011 oce Te,na, YTOJl11:K'O je no,ny-
. npe'I H11K KpJ1"BI1He Ha KOHTYPH KJlM3HOr KOHyca
Malbl1. Ha 0811"M MeCTI1'Ma je Hallpe3al-be MaTepl1-
en. 5. - KJIH3 ..... KOHyCH jaJla noseli aHo H npl1 AOSOJbHQ SeJTHKOM rrpwrH-
. CKY HacTaje OBAe KOA KPTI1X MaTep>rjaJla pa3apa-
l-be. K,nM3HI1 KOHYC ]aSJba ce caMO OHAa, aKO ce Ha TeJTO lIejcTsyje CH-
JIOM Y !11pasuy oce TeJTa. YKO,nMKO je 60'lHO wt-rpelbe MaTep>rja,na OMe-
TaHo, 1ffi0 KOA KOSal-ba .Y Ka,nyrrt-rMa, 6t-rl\e MaTepHja,n ca6ltjaH Ha rOplhl1
Ha'lJ1H caMO J\o TpeHyTKa AOK MaTep>rjaJT He t-rcrryHt-r KaJlyn.
ITo Teopl1jl1 KJTJ1"3HOr KOHyca CMaTpaJlO ce paH11je Aa ce npl1 ca6.1-
jal-by y Aecj>opMHCaH01\1 Te;ry :l.\I1JTHHAPY) crsapa HaA MeCTMJI'la AOAJ1pa
7
aJIaTa ca MaTepHjaJIOM y J-bE'My Kpyr eJIeMeHT KQjW ce He
,D.ecpQPMHU/e, .n;QK cY'ce.n;Hl1 E'JIeMeHT11 MaTepl1j aJIa KJIH3e .n;y>K QMQTa'la
QBQr KQHyCa 360r '1era je H J(06WQ WJI!e. MeIYYI'>fM, HQB'wja eKcnepl1MeH-
Tamla w.CID1TWBaJ-ba IIDKa3aJIa
cy ,D.a QBaj KQHyC yCTBapw
I!PeTCTaBJba 3QHy QMeTaHQr ww-
peJ-ba I(QHM'tHQr 06JIHKa y 1(0-
j Qj npw .n;QBQJbHQ BeJI11lKQM on-
TepeheH.y MQry HaCTaT>! >!
n.naCTWtHe y 3a-
SHCHQCT>! Q.n; se.J1!>I'ome TPeJ-ba
Ha ,lI'O.n;HpHWJl1 nOSpWMHaMa. KQ-
RyC MQ>Ke .n;a ce CMltlh>! .na '1aK
H .n;a nOTnyHO l1lll'l:e3He npH
nal'Q.n;HaM no.n;Ma3w:sa>bY ):(0.-
.n;HJrnX nQspw>!IIia >H'3Meljy aJIa-
Ta H MarepwjaJIa.
Aeskop.M.av,lLie nplL ca6u-
t a1b1' 6e3 Tpe1bJl. IIpw nOCMa-
TpaJhy nJIa:CT>!'l:He .n;ecpQpMal\H-
t.
Cn. 6. - ,Il eQ:>opM3Lvtj a
je-ca6wjaJ-ba HeKor reJIa 6e3 TPeJ-ba, nOJIa:m 'ce Q.n; OCHOSHe npeTITO-
cTasKe .n;a ce 3anpeMJ<Ha Tor TeJIa npw .n;ecpopMal\Hjw Hehe rrpOMeHWT>! ,
IlITQ y MHOl'OMe ynpQwhasa npQY'flllBaJhet w npaKTIf'IHY npKMeHy.
ce .n;a ca6wjeHQ TeJIa WMa 06JIHK napaJIeJIonmIe.n;a
B>!O>lHe ho, .n;y'A<'IDIe 10 w WH))mIe bo ('eJI. 6) . A'Ka ce nOCMaTpa 11.n;eaJIaH
cJ[Y'faj ca6wj'aH>a 6e3 TPeJha, /t06>rhe ce nQCJIe .n;ecpopM11cruha .n;pyrH
rrapaJIeJIQ=e.n; .n;WMew.mja h" lJ w bl. vb jel(HaKoCTw 3anpeMmIa npe
H nQCJIe ____________ --,
\ ho . /0 . bo """ hI . 'I . bl = V \
rAe je V 3anpeMMHa reJIa. -Osa je):\iHa"<HHa MQ>Ke ce HanHCaTH )1 y
06JIHKy
OAHQCW
.!Iajy aArosapajyil.e CTeneHe ca6wjaH.a, O.!lHQCHQ npQwHpel-ba.
----' ' --- - --- -----
JIorapW'PMQSaH.eM rQPJ-be jel(Ha"ll1He .!IQ6w ce
' rAe j e
OBI1
lin e
z

ho
nQCJIe.n;JhH H3paOH Mory ce Hanl1Carw 11 y sw.n;y I1HrerpaJIa
t
liH ' = \ n ex = j4,
h, \ I,
--------------
8
J{ecpop.M.au,uoll.U OTnOp U paa npu CTaTU'tKO.M. ca6uja'H>y 6e3 TpeH>a.
Y 3aSYlCHOC'll>! 'O,!\ 6paJ-llie ,!\ecpopMYlcaJba pa3J1YIKyje ce CTaTWmO ca6Yl-
jaFbe 0):\ ,!\YlHaMWlli'Or. IIpYl CTaTWfK'OM ca6Yljalby je 6p3KHa ,!\e<PoPM}!-
CiUba peJTaTYlBH'O MaJla M TaKas cJlyqaj HaCTaje rrpJ1 ca6MjaJ-bY Ha
IIpecaMa. .D;>rnaMWJK'O ca6HjaEbe ce oc-rsapyje BeJTMKMM 6p3>IHaMa ,!\e-
cpopMYlcaFba oroje ce IIoj aBJbyj y rrpYl ca61-1jalbY Ha '1BKYIh'KMa. Pa3JIYl.Ka
I13Meljy OBmc OCHOBH'I1X SHA'OBa ,!\ecp'OPMYlCaFba y IIorJle,!\Y ,!\ejcTsa
Ha MaTepYIj aJl 'Or Jle,!\a ce y seJl WU.lHYl Clle-
l.(HcpYl'flf'Or ,!\ecpopMaqYCOHor O'TlIopa. 3a
cJlyqaj ,!\MHaMI1"'rK'OT AejCTBa jaBJba ce, y
o):I"Hocy Ha CTaTYl'lKO '!\ejCTBo, ,!\OnyHCKH
ClIel.(HcpYl'lffil ,!\ecpopMa.I.\YlOHM 'OTII'OP yCJle,!\
II'Ojase .)THYTpaunber Tpefba y Ma1'CpYljaJTY
-<::,' Kao II'OCJle,!\"Hl.(a se.1TYlKe 6p3KHe ,!\ecpop-
MHCalha.
3a J-f,!\eaJlas cJTY'Iaj CTaTWliKOi" ca6M-
jalba 6e3 rpelha HaJTa3J-f ce ,!\ecp'OPMaI.(Yl-
'OHa CJ-fJla J-f 3 rrp'OM3S'O,!\a rrp!1nlCHYTe 11'0-
sp=He A H cneQYlcpW-IFlOr ,!\e<PoPMaI.(JD-
en. 7. - EneMeH'IlaPlio ca611jal-be Hor oTnopa ko, rAe je 1iA=::; que jatfHHl1
lIlapaneJlomme.!la MaTep1-ljaJla npYl npWl'J-fakJ:maIhY
ca6J-fja4ba 6e3 rpelba):

Ha 'OCH'OSY Cl-fJle ,!\e'OPM:yccalba M'O>Ke ce Ha511 pa,!( II'OTpe6aH 3a
,!\e'OPMa.I.\YIjy TeJla. IIocJTe 6eCK'OHa'!H'O MaJT'Or cIq>ahelba 3a dh, SYlCJ-faa
napaJleJl'O!I:YCTIe,!(a y J-f3secH'OM rpCHy TKy cMalbMhe ce Ha h - cllt, WHp>IHa
he ce lIIoschaTYl Ha b+db, a ,!\Y>KJ1Ha Ha l + dl 7) .
M3 je,!\Hax'OCTH 3anpeM:YCHa J-f3J1a3J-f Ta,!(a ,!\a je !b dh "; b hdl +
+ h . I . db, r,!\e cy dl Yl db '!\ecp'OPMal.(Hje y rrpasl.(y ,!\Y>Klffie J-f ImlpKHe
napaJleJlornmC,!\a.
EJlCMeHTapHYl ,!\ecp'OPMaI.(H'OHI1 pa,!( je Ta,!(a
dW =F dh.
AK'O je n'OSpWKHa J-f.3JT'O>KeHa
eJleMell-
TapH:YC 'Pa,!\
MH'O>KelbeM J-f ,!\eCHe ca V= l bh,
r,!(e je V I.(cJl'OKyITHa
CTsapHe ,!\ecp'OpMal.(1-lj e Hehe 6HTH 6CCK'OHa'!H'O MaJle, seh KOHa-
'!He J-f Ta,!(a ce YKY1lH;:! '!(ecpopMal\l<lO" YlHTerpal.(Hj 'OM
h, "1
W = J dW = V J ko.
ho Ito
9
IIpM Y TOnJJOM CT8JH.y oCTaje cneUMqm'iJDI OTnOp
360r BeJIl1Ke 6p3KHe peKpMCTaJJMC3l-ba npM6JJM>KHO KOHCTaHTaH 3a CBO
BpeMe ):IecpopMl1Car..,a M Ta,n;a ce MO>Ke ko CTaBMTM MCnpe):l MHTerpaJIHOr
3HaKa
IIolliTO je npeMa p aHMjeM Hal)eHo ):Ia je
MO>Ke ce K3pa3 3a ):IecpopMaUI10IDI pa):l mrcaTM Y 06JI!1Ky
W = ko . v In E,
36Mp eJIeMeHT3pl'I'I1X 33npeMMH3 Tj. np0l13BO):la ,1<:3 MOMeHT;HKX
nOBplIDlH3 M '0,n;rOB3pajyi\'Mx JlecpapMal.\Mja MO>Ke ce onpeTCT3BMTI1 1II0'l-
CPMP3HOM nOBpUfl,UWM H3 CJI, 8. OBa IIIpacpMpa'Ha nOBplIIMH3 npeTCTaBJba
T3B. YlCTI1CHyTY 3arrrpeM>!Hy 'K:oja je

.... h, h,
VI = J Mh = J I . b . dh = fl . b . h
ho ho ho
r):le je Fl' b TpeHY'I'H3 nOBplIII1H3 ):Io,!\>lpa.
dIJ
h
IIOIiiTO ce npeTTIOCTaBJb3 ,n;a ce 3anpeMffila He Mel-ba 3a BpeMe
c36Mjal-ba, TO ce MO>Ke _______ ...
h
Vi= V V ln E
z
.
h
OBaj Yl3pa3 MO:lKe ce 3aMeIDIT>I y
rrpeTxo,n;Hoj jeJIHa'fYlHlJ1 3a ):IecpopMaQYlOOiI<:
p3,!\ KOj>l je T3,!\a jeJIHa'K
[ W=ko
Tj. ):Iecj?opMaI,\KOHM pa,n; rIp>! CTaTM'{KOM
ca611jaFbY 5e3 Tpeffia je,zJ;HaK .1e ilPOK3-
BOJlY K3 crreQYicpM'iHQr OTnopa ):IecpopMa-
l.\>!je ko 11 KCTI1CHYI'e V"
ca):la je nocMaTpaHO caMO ca611-
jaHoe 6e3 Tpeffi3, Tj. W1je y3eT y olhKp
YTYIl.\aj OMeTaHOr IIIYIpeH>a M3Tepl1jaJIa.
IIo):l .zr;ejCTBoM Tpel-ba Hacr3jy aKO ,n;o,n;<1p- CJI. 8, - J-IC'l'l1cHyra 3anpeM>'Ha
IDIX nOBplIIMHa 3aHe OMeTa'HOr UIJ'rpel-ba.
YKOJI'KlCO je mrCI<:Ha TeJI3 BeJJl1Ka y 0AHOCY Ha npe'lliMlK, 611he I<: OBe
3O'He Y Behoj MepM y.zr;a.JbeHe jeJIHa 0):1 ,n;pyre, Te he I-bI1XOB y TMl.\aj Ha
10
OCTa.ne, 6MTII MaHoM. Melj.Y'l'HM, 3a Te.na Beher rtpe' !-
H1<Ka a Ma.ne nMCl1'He noc-raje oBaj YTII!\aj aHaTH1<jM.
,l{e op.M.a UOM. OTnO a CT TU'!.KO.M. ca6uja."fby co.
1be.M.. a M ce JofCIDITao .Y'I'I.\aj TpeHoa Ha Be.1IJof'iHHY pMaI:(OHOr
OTnopa rrpM ca6MjaHoY, rrOCMaTPane ce ca6MJaH>e M3Meljy
napa.nemD[X llOBp!JllHa
HOT e.neMeHTa ABeD IllKPMHe d.:r
h .[n HeK01' rrpw.JMaTWfH01' Terra, rrpM
Kn.X <!eMY je oBaj eJIeMeH1' YilaJbeH aa
" x Oil J>ml11l;e Tara Te.na (e.n. 9). Pa-
il yrrpowhelba rrpeT!10CTaBJba ce
.ie ,qyJKJofHa MaTepHja.na (yrrpa-
BHa Ha CJIKy) .i eilHaKa
Kao 11 .ie qIaBl!-FM HanOH 0'2=0
{no TeoPM.i 'M MaJ<CJofMaJIHor aano-
Ha). CeM Tora ce npeTnOCTaBJba
l1a cy pe.naTMBHe ileCPopMa.I.\Mj e Y
C.:1. 9. - Ca611j afbe Ten a ca Tpe l'be :o.'1 rJIaB'IDfX HanOHa 8 1= E2=
=E.
nOTPe6;lH aa BKCMHe aa BeJJil1'lKEy 6o h, 611he
r l1e j e k x cneqJor<pjofqH1<
ca6Hjaiba 'ca Tpel-beM Ha
peJlaTIlBHa ile<pOpMaqJorja
Taila je
tl HI = kx . dx . tl ii ,
OTnop MaTepwja.na aa c.nY'iaj
MeCTy aa x nMl.\e. IIOWTO je
tl/r
y npaBl.\Y BMCHe E= h' TO .ie 6 h=E' h M
tl W = kx . dx . E h.
3a MO)Ke ce paIII'I.na'IDn'l<l aa KOj11 ce TpOlllJol
Ha ca6Mjaibe 6ea TpeJ-ba Jof Ha l1eO KOjl1 owosapa pal.\Y 'CH.ne Tpelba.
Ca61<jaHoa 6e3 TpeHo'a je 6 Wo=k
o
. dx e h, je ko cnel.\'Jof<pJof'IHM
I1E:<p0pMal.\JofOHJof DTnop 3a ca'6Mja'le 6e3 rpeJ-ba. =.ne TPelba je
Ll W T = kd . 2 . I'- . x . d x . e, j e kd oneqJor<pWIHl1 11e<P0PMa.I.\M-
OR OTITOP 3a IllKPl1Hy MaTepMja.na x, a I'- TpeJ-ba 113Meljy
MaTepMja.na 11 XOpJ130HTallfH11x.nOBpWKHa a.naTa, MaIIIt1He. E npeT-
CTaBJba pe.naTKBHY Y rrpMll.\y x ace TaKO dx' E npeT-
CTaBJba npHpawTaj =pHe e.neMeHTa dx rrpM ca6MjaibY 3a SMCKEy
,0. h (rrpeMa ropI-boj ,rrpernOCTaSl.\M .ie E" = e). IIpeMa TOMe kd . 2 . )1 . X
nperCTMlJba ru.ne Tpelba Ha rOpl-bo.i M ITOBP= Ha.neraJ-b<l , 0):\-
HOCHO O'MIOP KOjJof MaTepHja.n y TOM rrpaBI:(y rrpM 60'lHOM =peJ-by
Mopa ila Tana .ie YKYITHl< e.neMeHTapHl1
dW = kx . dx . F . h = ko . dx . l' . /r + kd 2 I'- . x . dx . E
TaKO je Cnel.\M<p>f'IliM OTnop aa x JotsJotl.\e
kx = ko + 2 . p .. kd
. h
X
IIOlliTO je kx = 0', TO je 0'" = 2 . )1 . kd . h'
11
Y rOpfhKM jetlHa'IKH<L"\1a Cpe"lbJ1 cneql<cp""IHI< Ae<PopMaLlI10HI< 01'-
nop kd MO>Ke Cf,' J<3pa3J<1'l1 Kao
noUl1'O je cnel\l'fcpWIHI< AecpopMaq>JoH>J OTnop Ha 60'<Hoj CTpaHI< TeJIa
ko a Ha OTcTojafhY x Otl WBl<l\e k
x
. YBoljelbeM I<3pa3a 3a kd Y I<3'pa3 3a
kx A061<he ce
lttJIJ1
x
kx = k" + p. (k
o
+ kx) -
II
Ha OCHOBY j eAHa'<lfHe 3a k., MO>Ke ce KOHCTpY'I1Ca'l'H A:HjarpaM
paCnOAeJIe Cneql<cpH'<HOr OTrropa A:Y>K W"'PHHe TeJIa
(CJI. 10).
CpeAfbH crreql<cp>f'lHI< Ae<PopMaLll<OHJ< OTnop 3a rrpl<TI<CHYTY rrD-
illl'fPJ<He x 6Hhe
kd = ko + kx = __ k_o_
2
/
b F
en. 10 - .l{11j arpaM pacnOAene oneUiM<pJ.11.{HOr
.!leopMaLl,MOHOr O'T'nopa WI1pJoll-le
"
J13 J.f3pa3a 3a kd rrpo-
x
H31<JIa31< Aa 3a p. "':-;::::: 1 crre-
h
l\I'fcpl<'tHI<
jF
i
i
x
Of F Ox
/
b
en. 11. - Ca6J1j al'be Tena
W H.pl1He b
OTnop rroCTaje 6ecKoHa,{Ao BeJIJ<KM I< TaAa je HeMoryhe npOl<3BeCTl<
Tora TPJIa.
IIpl< TeJIa w1<pJ<He b (CJI. 11) 6J<"he cpeAfbl1 crreql<cpw-IHI<
.n.eCPOPMaLlI<OHI< OTlTOP
12
k
kd = _ _ 0
1_11 ( b )
211
.D:eq,opMal\WOHW OTnOp 3a ca6wja",e 61111e npeMa rOpl-beM
F=A k",
rAe je A nOSpllIl1Ha I13JIO>KeHa rrpl1T11CKY.
3a I13pa'!YHaSal-be Aeq,opMaql1oHor paAa rrpw ca611jal-by ca Tpe-
H,eM nOJIa311 ce 0,11 oTnopa ca611jaH.a Ha nO'leTKY npol\eca ca6wja",a
Fa = k" . Aa 11 Ha Iq>aj y F. = k . A" rAe ce wHAeKc a 0AHOCW Ha no-
'leTHO a I1HAeKC b Ha Kpajl-be CTaIne. TaAa je, aKO ce nplro.1TWJKHO rrpeT-
nOCTasw .IDlHeapHa rrpOMeHa a paA W= Fm(llo-fl,) =
nOCJIe
2
Am (h
o
- 11,). rAe cy 11.0 11 11.1 (811Aw 'I1 CJI. 8) SW("WHe TeJIa rrpe 11
ka + k.
k,,", = --2 - npeTIlOC1'aSKOM JlWHeapHe rrpo-
A
A" + A. .
a m = --- cpeAl-ha rrosplwima Ca6101]alha.
2
Jt13pa3 3a paA MO)Ke 'ce, KaO 11 3a cJlY'laj ca611jal-ba 6e3 Tpel-ba, 113-
pa3WI1M y I1CTMCHYTe 3an eMMHe V, 11 TaAa je
Koeq,I1t\MjeH1' Tpel-ha I' Kpel\e Ge W31'leljy 0,1 11 0,2 3a rJIaTKe no-
Sp!lIIoIHe HaJIeral-ha a 0,5 3a nosp!lIloIHe HaJIeral-ha sel\e xpanaSOCTI1.
OAPei)l1Bal-he Cnel{l1q,K'iHOr AecjJ0pMal\.fOHor OTrropa 3a ca6Mjal-he
ca 1'pel-heM, 11 Ha OCHOSY I-hera AecjJopMal\I10HOr O1'nopa 11 paAa, MO>Ke
ce SpllIl1TI1 11 Ha OCHOSY pe3YJI1'aTa eKcnepMMeHTaJIHI1X I1Cnl111l1Balba.
Osaj Ha'UI'H j e HapO'fI11'o nOrDAaH 3a CJIO>KeHI1je c.rry'lajese ca6Mjal-ha
rAe ce npOpa'lYHOM He Mory yseK 06yxsaTI1"I1 CSI1 n01'pe6HI1 cjJaK1'Opl1.
OSAe he 6=11 KopMllIfieHI1 pe3YJITaTI1 eKcnepMMeH1'amrnx I1CITMTMBalha
npeMa 'iajJIey (Zscheile) crrpOBeAeHI1 3a ca611jal-he '1eIDIKa C. 37.11
(npeMa JUS-y C. 0300). IIpeMa ,,,,eMY je cnel\loIcjJloI'IHI1 AecjJopMal\IoIOH11
OTnop k" = CMC a, rAe je a cjJaKTOp K!ojl1 Y3111'1la y 063Mp 1'pel-he I13Meljy
MaTepMjaJIa 11 aJIaTa 11 KOjlol ce MO>Ke w3pa3MTw Y cjJYI-rKl\Mil1 oAHoca
npe'lHID<ia d npeMa SI1CWHl1 h l\W.IDlHAPM'lHOr TeJIa K!oje ce caofiwja, TaKO
Aa je a=/ (d/h) . <PaKTOp a OAHOCl1 ce Ha l\l1JIMHAPM'lHa TeJla aJIl1 ce,
Kao !lITO he KaCH11je 611T11 M3JIOJKeHo, MO>Ke npWMeHI1TJ1 11 Ha Hel\I1JIMH-
APIoI'lHa TeJIa. .D:ecjJ0pMal\MOHW o1'nop 11 npl1 OSOM Ha'lwHY rrpopa"lYHa
6Mhe 3a ca6Mjal-be Tpel-heM F'=A k.". CpeAlbl1 Cnel\I1cjJW'IHI1 AecjJop-
MaI.O-rDHW O1'no kdm , nOTpe6a:H 3a rrpopa'IYH AecjJopMal\I10HOT paAa,
611he k"m = CMC' a;;;;-ca am = f (dm/"m), rAe cy d", 101 lIm cpeAl-bW npe'l-
HI1K W CpeAl-ba SWCWHa W3 I-hl1XOSI1X nO'le1'HHX 11 KpajWJ1X speAHOCTW
rrplol ca6Mjal-by . .D:eq,opMal\I10HI1 paA 611l\e 1'aAa, KRO 11 npa paH11jeM
W3sol)el-bY, W = k"m . Vi '
Ha CJI. 12 AaT je .l\'MjarpaM 3a oApei)asal-he cjJaK1'Opa a (Sa>KI1 11
3a oApei)wsal-he am) Y cjJYHKl\WjW OAHoca dih Kao W 3aSHCHOCT ja'IMHe
MaTepwjaJIa npw npl1TwCIU1BaI-bY CMC 0,11 TeMrrepaType t. BI1AI1 ce Aa
cc ca nosehaFbeM OAHoca df h nosehasa cjJa'KTOp a a TI1Me 11 Aeq,opMa-
I..\ WOHW o1'nop llITO ce MO>Ke 06jacHMTI1 TMMe Aa ce rrpl1 selleM 0AHOCY
13
d/h 30He OMeTaHOr wJ-Ipel-ba BJ-IWe Mel)yc06HO rrpJ-l6JI J-Imyj y a T>rMe y
3HaTJrnjoj MepH OMeTajy 60'IH0 T.UJ1pel-be MaTepJ-IjaJIa J-I3Mel)y OBJ-IX 30Ha,
liTO 3a rrOCJJeAI1UY MMa rroBehal-be cneUJ-IcpJ-NHOr AecpopMaqJ-lOHor OT-
nopa na H OTrropa 11 paAa. 3aBJ-ICHOCT "MC npeMa CJI. 12 oMoryhaBa >13-
HaJra>Kel-be oAroBapajyhe Bpe,l\HOCTJ-I "MC 3a 3aAaTY t.
-a

(52 2.SJ J.S'I 5,57(5
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900
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- - -
r
- --
:-
........
m
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700
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f
300 'I0Il stJO 600 7tJO I1IX1 gfJ(] 1000 ff/JO 12/JO lJI/(} IIf)() "9/cmJ
-6;.,c
en. 12 - 3asucHOCT KOecP. a d/ h 0MC
Te:-.mepaType
Vi
,lJedJoD,jlaWW1iU OTnOD U paG nptt GU1ia"lttt'tKO.At ca6,.jmbY ea Tpe-
,!l;OK je npJ-l CTaT>f'!KOM ca'6l1Ja1-bY 6p3Jrna lIecpopMJ-Ical-ba BPJrO MaJIa,
npJ-l ,l\J-IHaMl-f'fKOM ,l\ejC'J'BY ce ,l\ecpopMJ-ICal-be BpWll BemfKOM 6P3l-fHOM.
,!l;ecpopMlU.\J-IOHll OTnop 11 pa,l\ 'lIpJ-l ,l\l-fHa'MlI'CKOM ca6J-1jal-by rrOBe-
haBajy ce y O,l\HOCY Ha CTaTJ-I'fK.D ca6J-1jal-be He caMO 360r ry6J-1TaKa pa:l\a
yc:rre,l\ J-I3a3BaHJ-IX nOTpeca HaKOBl-ba J-I TeMeJba, Beh 11 360r yayrpa-
wl-ber Tpel-ba y MaTepJ-ljaJT.Y Koje ce jaBJba Kao 1l0CJIep;l-fqa BeJIWKe 6p-
3mf e(j:iopMJ-ICal-ba. ,!l;OrryHCKl1 CrreIlJ-lcpH'IHI1 OTrrop, KOjJ-l ce jaBJba
yCJrep; YHYTpaJ.lIlber Tpelha y MaTepl1jaJT.Y, MO>Ke ce rrpl-f6JTl-f>KHO >l3pa-
31fl'l1 eMrTl1pJ-l'lJG1M 06pacqeM

.. ' . . It
kd< = /(0 ---b-
1-}l2-"
r,l\e je v 6p3J-1Ha MaJba y TpeRy'J1Ky ,l\o,l\J-Ipa ca MaTepl-fjaJIOM, AOK h npeT-
CTaBJba BJ-ICl-fHY TeJIa Koje ce lIecpopMJ1Ule.
Y KyllH.J-I cnel1'l1cpl-f'lHll ,l\ecpopMaql-loJ-m OTnop npJ-l ,l\J-IHaMWIKoM ca-
6J-1jal-by ca Tpel-beM 6l-fhe TaAa
,!l;eqx,pMlU.\110Hll O'I'rrop rrOCTaje
F= A k ,
14
,Ue<PoPMaL\l<Offil pa,n 3a oBaj CJTY'-mj ca6l<jaH>a .A06l<ja ce aFlaJIOrHO
cJlyqajy C'I'aTI1"'IKOr ca6l<j<U-ba, aKO ce O'I'nop
k
dm
3a BeJll1'DlHY

np11 ... eM}' ce kd' y OBOM CJTy...ajy O.Apel)yje ca Cpe,1{H>01I1 6p3HOM
v
2 Koja O.ArOBapa X0.AY ca6l<j al-ba, TaKO .Aa j e

, II
kJ' = ko ---b- .
1-11'fh
IIpeMa "J:ajJTey ce 3a .AHaMM'lKO ca6l<jalhe HaJla3e
O'Ilnop l< pa,n. Fla OCHOBY .Al<jarpaMa ,1{06KjeHMX eKCnepHMeH'I'aJTHHM
'I' eM 3a 'leJl'MK C. 37.11 Fla CJle):lel'lH Ha ... l< Fl.
OTnop YHYTpalllH>er -rpel-ba pac'l'e ca 6P3l<!HOM .AecpopMl1carba
j e 0):1 KPajH>a 6p3l<Ha MaJba 11 lTOqeTHa KpajH>a BCI1HB
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en. 13. - ,l(J.1j a rpaM 33 I'l3Hana>Kelbe OMopa YHy"paWlber Tpetb8
paJ{Hor npeJ{MeTa. Bp3l<Ha ):IecpopMl1CaFba ce npOCTOPHO rrpOCTl<pe, 'rUKO
):Ia O'I'nop 3aBKCH M 0):1 3anpeMl<He V pa,/\Hor rrpe):I'Me'l'a. IIpel\1a TOMe ce
crreU;l<cpl<'1ID1 OTITOP yHy-rpalillber Tpel-ba l\1O)I(e l<3pa3l<Tl< y 06JJMKY
c = f [ v + v]
" " hb
r):l e j e v Kpajl-ba 6p3l<Ha MaJba, II" - no 'leTHa B>fC11Ha a lib - Kpajfba
B>fC>rHa pa.AHOr nOCJTe ca6l<jal-ba. Bpe.AHOC'l'l< 3a
OTnop YHyTPawl-ber Tpel-ba eMory ce Y3eTl< ;r3 ):Il<jarpal\1a (CJl. 13) KOjM
Ban{11 3a '1eJlMK C 37.11 npM TeMnepa'l'YPM 0):1 1300. 3a IIpyre
15
paType y3HMa ce Koecpl<WljeHT rrOnpaSKe TeMTIepaType t, npeM3 11'1-
jarpru.ty (CJI. 14) .
.D:01l)"liCKl'l cnel.\Hcp>1:'tHH OTnop M333saH y>1)"l'pa-
illH>HM TpelbeM, je TaAa k", = c . t, . AecpopMal1MOIDl o1'nop ]e
F = A (kd + kdJ a yKy'ITIDI AecjJopMaUMOHM P8A \.II = (k"", + k", ) . Vi'
.a eop..ltay,U01ttt OTnop
11- pao npu ca6uja1bY 1/ Ij:G-
Jlyny. TIPM ca6Mj 3lby y Ka-
.rryny, 3a pa3.TI1'lKy 0.11 c.rr060-
AHO, C:lC>ljaJ-ba, MaTepKjaJI je
y 60'-lHOM rrnaBUY orpaID1-
'-IeH y CBOMe w>rpeFby 60'1-
HJ1i\'1 3VJJ.0BIG13
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,U11j3I'lpaM KOe. !J10npaBKe
TeMnepaType Ie
15
]l!crmT>lBmba nOO<33yjy
,.qa ce rIa OBIILN[ 60t.fHJrtM Me-
C'THMa, ceM 3a HeKe cnel1Y!-
ja.nae c.rryqajeBe, He jaSJbajy
HOBe 30He WJrpe-
Iba. Osa '<>IlbeHlll1a ce I<CKO-
pl1liIhasa 3a l1SpaqYHaSaJ-be
.IIecpopMal.\HOHOr f)'Prropa >r
paAa npM ca6Kjalbly y Ka.nyrry, Koje ce TaAa CSOAM Ha C.n060AHO ca611-
ja>be (CJI. 15) row ce y 3My y 063>fJ) AorryHcKe 30He OMeTaHO" w&-lpeJ-ba
Ha 'IP.OIDfM rrOBpWYllfaMa.
):(a 6Y! ce 3a HeKO TeJIO c.nO>KeHMjer 06Jl11'Ka H3Wao n01'pe6aH
cjJ0pMal.\l10HM OTflOP 11 paA rrpl1 ca6MjaJ-by y Ka.nyrry, Ae.nY! ce l.\eo
CJJ. 15. - CaobeJ-be ca6li.1jalb3 Y KClJIyny Ha CJI060.o.HO ca6Hjmbe
np0l.\ec ca611jafua Ha rrojeAMHa'iHe orrep3Ul1je 3a Koje ce HaJIa3e Ae-
OTnOpM M paAOSM. Y'KynaH AecjJOpMal.{WOlrn paA rrpl1 ca6H-
jaFbY TaKsor Te.na j eAHaK je TaAa :)6MPY paAosa.
T.Iaj.ne Y3KMa 3a rrojeAMHa'ilfo ca6Hjrube OCHOSHHX one-
pal.\Hj a .Ha Koje Aou;aMje CBOAH noj eAMHa'iHe onepal.\l1je 3aAaTMX TeJIa.
Y'KOIDfKO 06.nMK HeKor Te.na OTcTyna OA UHJIKHAPM'IHor 06.0 l1.1<a ,
Hanp. napaJIe.norumeA, ys,am ce O.llHOC d/ It npeMa CJI . 16, rroWTO ce M3-
15
cnexw:<P1f'UUI OTIlOp IIe<POpM;lfCal-ba, Waa3BaH yH)"rpa-
je Talla kd' = c . I" 01'nOp ]e
a Y'Kymrn lIecpopMawroHW PBA W = (kdm + kd, ) . V"
OTnop
flao npu ca6uia1bY 1/ M-
.:!!:1J!!:Ji. IIi! ca6wjaIbY y Ka-
JryTly, 3a pa:m.HKy OIl c.rr060-
,!\HOi" C:lcwj al-ba, MaTepHj BJI j e
y ' 60'tROM nnaBIU' orpaml-
'feH y CBOMe UlKpel-by 60'f-
HWM 3VIIOBHM3< K:I.1J)'na.
l1CITWTwBa>ba nO'Ka3yjy
700
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BOO
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liDO
V
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1300
1 1.5 Z 2,5 j 'I 5 6 7 8!J'0
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Cn. 14. - KOe. no.npasKe
I,
15
t"I'HMa, ceM 3a HeKe cnel\l<-
jaJIHe CJIY'IajeBe, He jaBJbajy
ROBe 30He OMeTaHOr Wlrpe-
Jba. OBa ce 11CKO-
pmnhaBa {la lI{1pa'fYHaBal-be
fYl'nopa M
pa.l\a npw ca6Hjamy Y KBJIyny, Koje ce Ta,ll;a CBO,ll;H Ha CJI060,ll;HO ca611-
jaJbe (CJI. 15) ao<o ce Y3MY y 063>fP ,Il;orryRcKe 30He OMe'raHor wwpel-ba
Ra 'fP.0IDI!M rrosplllJ1HaMa .
.ll:a 611 ce 3a HeKO TeJIO CJIOJKeHWjer OOJIJ1Ka Hamao' nOTpe6aR
cpopMawroH11 =op w pa,ll; rrpw ca'6Hjal-bY ' y KaJIYrry, lIeJlJ1 ce
en. 15. - Caot}eJ-be ca6Hj8.fb3 y K8nyny H3 <:n06o,l{!Ho ca6l1jaJ-be
ca6wjal-ba Ha noje,ll;_a'fHe onepawrje 3a Koje ce HBJIa3e ,Il;e-
CPOPMawrOHW 0Tn0p11 11 pallOBw. Y'Kynaa ,Il;ecpopMawrOHW pall TIp11 ca611-
jaJbY ll'aKBor TeJIa je,!\HaK je Ta,ll;a TIoje)l;J1Ha'fHJ1X pa,ll;OBa.
'iajJIe 'Y3HMa 3a 1IT0je)l;J1Ha'fR0 ca6wjal-be 'OCHOBHJ1X cme-
,Ha Koje CBO,!(J1 nOje)l;J1l,la'IHe aa,ll;aTWX TeJIa.
YKOJlJ1KO 06JIJ1K HeKor TeJIa OTcrryna 011 wrJl'J1H,Il;p11'fHOr 06.0I1Ka,
Harrp. napBJIeJIonwne,Il, yaHMa ce O)l;HOC d/ h rrpeMa CJI. 16, noUITO ce Ma-
16
repMjaJl YPJlaBSOM pa3J1Jma rro Y:>Koj crpaHH rj. y rrpaBUY Mar-ber
OTnOpa.
Jep;aH 08 je
KOA reJla OBor 06J1HKa nplITMCtfyre nOBpurnHe -' Mecra OMeTatfOr
lIDfPeI-ba MaTePJ'ljaJIa - rrpelOlRY-
re r:y j eWlliM p;eJIOM MaTepKjana
!(;Ojl1 HMje p;eOPMKCaH. TeJlo sa
. CJI. 17 l1'Ma ca 7\oH>e CTpatfe, rrpe-
CJl . 16. - CaoI1'jaf.be lllapaJlenonJ1ne,n.a
KllliyI'y nOBpIIDI'tfy ca611j aI-ba. 30-
He OMeTaHOr IUHpeH>a crsapajy ce
caMO Ha ropfhoi nOBpWMHlI H Ha
AOH>oj, rrpCTeHacroj , ,/10K ce Ha Y-
HYrpaurrboj AOH>oj nOBpllOllDl y
KaJIyny He crBapa, nOillTO je 60'1-
HO =pel-be y KaJIYny OMeTaHO. 3a
oBaj c.nyqaj 'ce .Y1'HUaj O,IIHoca di h
norpe6Hor 3a >r.lpa'lySa:BaI-be Ae-
cpopMal\110HOr pap;a pa'fytta ca
Cpe,l\I-bI1M O,IIHOCOM d;"/ Il
m
d
m
HaJl a311 ce 113 cpe,l\I-be rro'JeTtfe 11 cpe,l\I-be
KpajI-be illKpHHe ca6l1jaH>a Y3HMaj yhl1 y 063110 ca",CIO lIDfPl1He OHID{ nOBp-
llIHHa Ha Koj<l1Ma ce Mory I
ia'Bl1T 30He OMeTaHOr llIHpe- . r - - i - - '1---------..
H>a. IIo'JeTHa cpe,l\I-ba llIl1pl1- I J I
d L--1l,/-----1
Ha je 2" (nollIro je rop- I . :
I-ba llIM'pHHa OMeTaHor lilH-
peI-ba da a AOI-ba HYJlal. a
KpajI-ba cpe,l\I-ba illHpKHa Ma-
TepHjaJla KOjl1 ce HaJla311 rrOA
npl1TIrCKOM aJlaTa (Ha MeCTl1-
Ma OMeTaHOr llIHpeH>a) j e
db+db -d
a
2
Ope,l\I-ba BpeAHocT llIH-
p_e OMeTaHOr llIHpeI-ba je
I
en. 17. - Caol1jytbe TeJla ca BeHl.{eM
d
1 [1 ( ) db - d
a
] 1
m ='2 '2 d
a
+ db +--2- ='2
db
'
V
CpMH>a IrnCl1Ha HaJla311 ce 113 lIm = -- rAe je V OHa 3aJIlpeMHHa
Am
reJJa Koja ce AecpopMHllIe, a Am = + (An + Ab) ' npe ca611-
V V
je An = - - a nOBpllI>rHa nOCJJe ca6HjaI-ba Ab = - .

3a I13pa'JYHa:BaI-be AeopMal.\HoHor ornopa rrorpe6aH O,IIHOC di h
. 2d"-d,,
tfaJJa311 ce rrpeMa Kpa]I-boj cpeAlboj llIl1pl1Rl1 OMeTilHOr llI'I1pelba --2-- .
17
TeJIo Ha CJI. 18 je TaKol)e TeJIO ca aeHl.\eM aJIW ca ,!IBe npeKJ<Ry-
rrOBplIDlHe: ca ropEbe '" ,!IOEbe CTpaHe. IIo'reTHa llil1pHHa je paBHa
HYJIH, a KpajEba cpe,!lEba I
db -:; d
a
. 2, Te je cpe,IlEba Bpe,!l- --1
HOCT d - d
b
- d" Cpe,IlEba BW- . I

CHHa 11 m HaJIa3J.1 ce Ha J1CTJif
Ha'lWH Kao W rope, rrpw 'IeMY
je ha 'OHa BI1Clfrla Koja O,!lro-
Bapa ,!IeJIY MaTepwjaJIa KOj W ce
,!IecpopMHllIe.
Te.110 ca uLynJbUHO.1t jc
n;pynl OCHOBHl1

,lIecpoPMB.l\I10HH pa,!l 3a ca6w-
jBEbe OBaKBOr TeJIa Y KaJIYIlY,
nOCMaTpalie ce rrpBO CJI060,llHO
ca6HjBEbe. IIp''' OBaKBOM ca6;,r-
jBEbY rrpO,llHpe y TeJIO
Koje HaJIe>Ke Ha CBO-
jy TI'O,!IJIory Tj. HHje y KaJIyny.
O,!l rrO'leTKa ca6HjaEba
CMawyje ce BWClfrla hi (CJI . 19),
I I
I I I
I I
L _ _____ J
I
Cn. 18. - Ca6Hjatbe Ten3 ca
Kora cY ,Jl; Be noapUDfHe .npeKHHYTe
,lIOK ce rrpe'IHl1K d3 'fToBeliaBa. MaTep"'jaJI rrpBO
MBEber oTrropa ca 60'lHe CTpaHe. 3aT"'M 60'lHW
60'I'HO "'3MH'Ie YC'JIe,ll
oTrrop nocTaj e Bei'rn
en. 19. - Cn060,l(HO ca6'J1jaJ-be w y nJber 'rena
O,!l OTnopa MaTepwjaJIa Ha ,!IeJIY, KojW ce Ta,!la Ha ,!IHY "'3JlJo1Ba.
B"'Cl1:Ha hi ce cB,lIa rroseliaaa, ,t{OK rrpe"lHl1K d, oCTaje rrp",6J1}1}1{HO He- '
2 Mawl-me 3JI3TKe
18
rrpOMer-beH. ,n;I-IjarpaM (cn. 20) Aaje BpeAHoc'PJ-1 3a h, y 3aBI-ICHOCTI-I OA
h d
O.l(HOca - 1-1 OAHoca - . IlocJle H3HaJla>Kefba ' HaJla31-1 ce "H3 r!OBp-
do II.
mr-nre A, Koj a OArOBapa npe,,[HWKY ds.
f
,
8
I- G7 0.

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IloBplllilHa A3 HaJla31-1 ce no 'iaj Jley rrpeMa
As ;,5 [A" h. + (h' - II.) A I] - 0,5 A2 .



YCJleA K:OXe3Hje Hehe ce Ae<PoPMHCa1'I-I caMO oHaj MaTeIMjaJl KOjH
j e HenOCpe,l\JfO I-I=OA rrpo6ojl\a, BeR 11 jeAaH Aeo cyceA'HOr MaTepH'jaJla,
19
Te he CTBapHe nOBpWI<He A" " A b 1<3J10)KeHe lTpl<TI<Ch-Y Jre>Ka'rn M3Mei}y
A" Aa
nOBpUII1Ha AI I< As. Te nOBpUlMHe 3aBI<CHe cy O,ll; O,!{Hoca - Ii - O,ll;-
A, hb
HOCHO O,ll; O,!{HOca A2/ A, I< A2/ h" KOjl< YMeCTO npBI<X oWioca O,ll;rOBapajy
lTo'!eTHOM CTalbY aMory ce Hah11 113 ,lI;I1jarpaMa (CJI . 21) . H a OCHOBY
OBJ1X rrOBpIJ.JHHa HaJra-
311 ce '!{ecpopMal\I<OHa 0. 2
OI1J1a.
Ilo'!eTHa 3anpe-
M.I1Ha, K'oja HenOCpe.l{Ho
Y'feC'I'Byje y ,lI;ecpopMa-
l\l1jo-r, j e Va = A a . n.
a J{ecpOPMKCatHa, 3anpe-
MMRa npl1 Kpajy ,lI;e-
c p o p a ~ e . Vb = A. h
b

Cpe,/{lba Bpe,llHOCT 3a-
npeMl1Ha Vm He MO>Ke
ce Y3eTJlf Kao apl1'l'Me-
TWIKa cpe,l\!l'm{a 1<3 no-
'leTHe 11 Kpajlbe 3anpe-
MI<"e 360r HeJlJ1'HeapHe
npoMeHe 3arrpeMJ1:He.
FbeHa Bpe,/{HOCT Ha'Jra-
3M ce 1<3 ):{I1;j arpaMa
CJI. 22.
Vb
(c.JT. 22) y 3aBI<CHOCTI< O,ll; O,ll;HOCa
V"
V
/V
L
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aJ o.Z 0.1 0,f16 WI 0.0.2 0.0.1
-li/"!r
JJ:l1jarpaM 3a J.13Hanamelbe cpe,Itl-be
,&eOpMI1CaHe 3anpeMiofHe
Ila
V, = V
m
ln 6" r,ll;e J'e 6. =-
. h.
IlpeMa I1CTI1CHYTOj 3arrpeMMHM HaUla311
ce ,lI;ecpopMal.\l1OH11 paJ{ Ha I1CTI< Ha'll1H Kao 11 rope.
Cn. 23. - Ca6l1ja!be wy:nJber 'I'ena y KaJ1}'1I1y
Ilpl< ,lI;Oca,ll;alJl}beM ITOCMrurpaIby ca5wjMba urynJber TeJJa 5o'IHO
Wl1'pelbe H'l1'je 51<JlO OMeTaHO. AKO ce, Mei}YTMM, ca6MjaJ-be Bplll'l1 y Ka-
Jlyrry, o6aBnhe oce ca611jalbe Ra rope OlTl1'CaHI1 Ha''!MH caMO ,lI;O TpeHyTKa
,lI;OK MM'epl1'jaJl 50'rHO He ,lI;O,ll;l1pHe 31<,lI;OBe Ka.rryna. Ta,ll;a MaTepl1jarr no-
2'
20
C'reneHO IlJ'HI'f Karryna, nocJle '1era HacTaje rroBehalbe BMCMHe
h, {CJI. 23), Tj . MaTevl1jaJl ce pa3J1MBa HaBM1ue. KPeTalba MaTe-
pMjaJla HaBl1We jaBJba ce HOBa 30Ha OMeTaHOr II.ll1perba 1-1 TO Ha 6o'{Hoj
- MeC'rY p;o,ql1pa MaTepMjaJla 11 Ka.rryrra. liIwpJ1Ha <re 30He
je ds, cJTe,q OBor OMeTa'HOT II.li1peH>a rroBehaBa ce nOTpe6Ha ,l\eq,'opMa-
CI-IJla, rrp1-l '{eM)' ce 0,l\1'08apajyhI-l Cne1\Mq,J-I'IH1-I OTnop ,l\eq,op-
MMCaH>a nOBehaaa O,l\ kif Ha b kif, oTrrop ,l\eq,0VMl1:-
cafba, MepO,l\aBaH 3a I13paqyHaBa'Fbe ,l\e<P0VMal{WaHOr va,l\a, rroBehahe
ce Ojl\ klfm Ha b kif"" 3a kif'" 'ce am HaJla3M M3 (CJI. 12)
npeMa d
m
/ h
m
Bpe,llHoc']1J1 3a b 11 b
m
Mor y ce Y3eTH rrpeMa ,l\l1jarpaMY
50
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0.2
J 'I 5
Ha CJI. 24 H Ta,l\a ce M3pa'lYHaBaH>e ,l\eq,0pMa1\Mcmor pa,l\a 3a oaaj 06J1MK
rrpM ca611jafhy ca Ka'nynoM CBO,llM Ha M3pa'!yHaBalbe ,l\eq,opMa'1\MOHOr
pa,lla 6e3 KaJlyrra .
... npC7'e!.LLczwll--T..a.40 .ie cm1Y-Ho caoflli jal-h ca ...
eo le TeJlO y cpe,l\M1ili llly nJbe. 3a oaaj cny'laj je, ca 03HaKaMa
CJI. 25,
d - _ -d
2
-= (/1 . d = d. - d. + d. - (/, .
a- 2 , b 2 2'
IIv'{eT'Ha rrpMTMCHYTa nOBplllMHa je
Aa = (d." - dt")
Kpajfba rrpMTMCHYTa rr08pUU<l'Ha j e
Ab = - d, ")
Cpe.llfba np.fTHCHYTa nOBpWHHa je Am = (Aa + Ab)
3anpeMMHa Koja ce Aeq,opMl1we je
V = (d/- d, ") . 11a .
OAaBAe ce RaJIa3H cpeWba BHC11'Ha
h
m Am '
at
I
I
i
I
I
Cn. 25. - Ca6>Lj a!be npCTeHaCTo r rena
MCTHCHyTa 3arrpeMll1Ha je TaAa
VI = V In . Cz>
21
ha
rAe je 10, = - . Ha OCHOBY HC'l'l1CHYTe 3arrpeMHHe HaJIa3HCe AeopMa-
hb
l.{110IDI paA !!GIO rope.
IIpeMa rOpfbeM ce AeOpMal.{HOHH oTrrop 3a ca'6Hjafbe y KaJIyrry
o,!ijJel)yje Ha OCHOBY Crrel.{HcjJW!'HOr AeopMaW"'OHor oTTIopa pa'qyHaTor
ca KpajfboM cpeAFbOM illHpHHOM OMeTaHOr llfHpefba, ,ll;OK
PaA Ra OCHOBY CpeA1f>er =opa pa"I'Y-
HaTor iIpeMa cpeA1f>oj BpeAHOCT11 113 rrO'Je'l'He cpeAfbe 11 Jq)ajfbe cpeWbe
WJ1pJ1Re 'OMeTaHOr W11pefba.
IIpu.M.ep. 3a paAHH rrpeAMeT npeMa CJI. 26, KOj11 'l'pe6a Aa ce H3-
paAH KOBaFbeM Ha MeXaffI1QKOM QeKHfiy, lIOTpe6HY MaJKCl1MaJFHy
CJ1JI)' Ll;eOpMJ1CaIba Kao 11 1I0Tpe6aH AeOpMal.{J11OID1 paA. Kpajfba 6p-
311Ha MaJba 'Hexa je v=5 mls a TeM'lIepaTYPa rpejMba 'lVIaTep11jaJIa
t=l lOOoC.
3allTpeMJ11Ha paAHor 'il'peA'lVIeTa j e
50
,Z:(OlAaTaIK 3a BeHal.{ 5
%
'
YKYTIHO 1050 em".
22
Y3l-fMa ce MaTepHjaJI npe'lHm<a 90 mm a BHCHHe

9"
4
mm.
PaAH H3HaJIlUKeJ-ba AecpopMaW1oHe ()HJIe 1-1 paAa AeJIH ce
KylIID! rrpou:ec ca6l1jaJ-ba Ha noje,ll"l-fHa"lHe orrepaW1je (CJI. 26). I onepa-
I:(l1ja' je CJr060,D.'HO, wynJbe ca6l1jaEbe, II - ca'6HjaJ-be rrpcreHaCTor TeJIa
Cn. 26. - Ca6"jalhe IpailHOr npeilMeTa IlpeMa OPOjflOM !IIp"Mepy
(Ha rOpJ-beM H AOJ-beM AeJIY), III - ca611jaJ-be ury>rrJber TeJIa y KaJIyrry,
IV - rrpcreHaCTO ca'6HjaJ-be ca BeHI.l;eM H V orrepaI:(Hja - ca!611jaJ-be
ca BeHI.l;eM.
23
I onepaqHja - CJl06o).I'Ho, wynJbe ca6l1j albe. IIpeMa CJI. 26 j e
d, = 50 mm, d2= 90 mm, A , = 19,6 cm" A2= 64 cm' . IIo'IeTHa BI1Cl1'Ha
11 . = 165 mm.
XOA ca611j alba :Ja npB't onepal..\l'1jy op;peljyje ce npeMa AY>KJffiJ1
npo6oj al.\a. YwynHa ,ltj"Kl1Ha ropllier 11 .o;Ol-ber np060jua IOOOCl't
2 5=40 rom. Mel}YTI1M, YCJleA 6o'fH"or I.llWpel-ba 11 alKoHj aJlHOr CKpaheJba
Mopa XOA ca6Hjal-ba 611TI1 Belll1 OA 40 mm, .o;a 611 npcreHacre nOBplln.me
MaTepl1jaJla ,ltOIlIJle ,itO AOAl1pa ca oAroBapaj yhHM nOBpWJmaMa Ka.rryna.
IIpl1 npopa'l)'HY ce Ta;I\a npeTnOC'r aBJba XO.O; cati Hj al-ba Hanp. 60 mm
11 npoBepa:aa BI1Cl1Ha h , Koj a Tpe6a .o;a 6YAe j e,ltHaKa 11, = 11. + 2 5=
= 105 +40= 145 mm . .(A'KO j e npo6oj al..\ caMO <;:a j eAHe CT'paHe Tpe6a Aa
5YAe 11,=/l .+S). Y cJI.Y'Iaj y HeCJlaral-ba Tpe6a paL[ YH nOH'OB1<IT11 ca APY-
POM Bpe,QiHollI!; y }COAa ca6Hj alba. TIPI1 ca6'11jal-by 3a 60 mm paAI1 y.rra-
CKa ropl-ber 11 AOIher I1cnYIJ'IeJ-ha - rrpo6ojl\a, cMBlhyj e CE' nOL[ eT'Ha BI1-
CI1HB Ha 105 mm. IIpeMa .ItI1jarpaMY (CJI. 20) 3a
---
.!!!!... = 105 = 54 H !!2- = = 0,55
h. 165 ' do 9
HaJl a311 ce
OAHOCHO
h, = 0,87 ' 165 0;:; 145 mm.
Ha OCHOBY OB'i1X no.o;aTaKa HaJla311 ce
-t 1,5
. h, . 14,5
.
+(14,5 - 10,5) 19,6] -32=85 em"
d, = V 3,; 4 85=-t&hnm.- ,
liJIH
CTBapHe no:aplln.me A. H A
Al1jarpaMa (CJI. 21) npeMa O,ltHdcy
. - /'

A, 19,6/
TaAa j e
H
II . 10,5 "
1,8 HJlH Ab = 1,8 . A, = 1,819,6 = 35 em".
A,
Pa,[(ll H3HaJlalKeiba An Y3HMaj y ce MeCTO A 3 H A.
A, li b A,
O,[(HOCH
nOWTO OHH O'[(fooapajy nOqeTHOM CTalbY. Ta'[(a je 3a
24
A.
A, 19,6
A 64
If -2. = --= 3,9 0ilHOC
h
n
16,5
An = 1,45 19,6 = 28.5 em".
CMJIa Ha Koajy OBe orrepawrje ca'6Hjalba je
F/=A
b
k.
CIIewrcpWUili O'l'IIOP )lecpopMJ1cal'ba k j e)lHa K j e 36npy CIIeu;. OTIlopa
3a CTaTWlKO .11 ,ll,11HaMWlKO
k = kd + kde rile je kd = "Me' a.
IIpe1\Ta )ll1jwpaMy (CJI. 12) Ha,rra:m ce 3a Terdreparypy 0;1\ 1100C
a 3a 'leIDIK C. 37.11 "Mc=I.I IO k g/cm. 3a
11_ 4 . Ab 11_ 4.35
!!!!... Y3.14 Y3, I4 = , 64 . db 1
105
,TJ. -h
b
<
I1b hb ,
je a = 1 Tj. kd = 410 kg/ em
2
.
Y 6p311He )lecpopMJ1ca1'ba HaJla311
611j alba O)l npBe )l0 IIOCJle,D;1'be oIIepau;Hj e.
v u-+ 1 = 5 (_ I +))) = 0,93
XO)l ca-
\ ha . 16,5 8
.
HaJIB311 ce oIIeU;Mcj:>I1'llill yHy-rpalll1b11 OT op Tpel'ba c IIpeMa )lM]arpaMy
(CJI. 13) Y 3B'BI1CHOCTI1 O)l 3anpeMHHe V T 1050 Crn,3 11 TO c=300 kg/ cm.
C Ta)la npeTCTaBJba HeKY cpe)ll'by Bpe)l OCT npJ-! ca611jalby 0;1\ ha )l0 11, .
Koecpl1l.\HjeHaT TIonpaBKe TeMTTepaType 3a 1100 C je npeMa )ll1ja.rpaMy
(CJI. 14) Ie =1,75, Te je' crrel.\l1cpM'lHl1 OTIIOP YCJIe)l yHy-
-rpaIInber Tpel'ba, a KOjl1 ce O)lHOCJ1 Ha, CBe OIIepal..\l1je,
kd' = c . Ie = 300 ',75 = 525 kg/ em
2

YKY!JlUI CIIel.\l1cpWfIDI OTIIop 'jecpopMal.\l1je je
k = kd + kae = 419 + = 9;j5 kg/em"
a Kpajl'ba cl1Jia npI1TI1CKI1Ba1'ba 7' OBa] IIepMO)l
F/=A
b
k--'35 935 = 32700 kg
O,!(I'OBapajyt\M )lecpopMal..\ 0_ oa)l j e
pa)l pa';I')"Ha ce ca kd = kdm Tj. ca Cpe,D;1'bOM B
HoliIhy, r)le je kdm = "m . am' "m = "MC - 410 kg/ em
2
alKo ce TIp
CTaBl1 )la ce TeMIIepaTYPa 3a BpeMe ca6Hjalba ID1je npOMelillJIa. <t>a
d
m
am HllJIa311 ce npeMa 01JiHOCY - 3a oay OBaj O,D;HOC )l0-
11m
6Hja ce Ha OCHOBY cJIe)lelu1x IIO)laTaKa:
Am = ' /. (Aa + A.) = ' /. (28,5 + 35) = 32 em".
V m HaJla3H ce H3 WfjarpaMa (reJJ. 22) apeMa
25
V.=A . h.=211,5 16,5=470 em" H Vb=Ab' lib = 35 10,5=368 em"
\
. Vb 368 078 .. V m 088 .
TJ. npeMa oARoey - = --=, 3a KOJ" Je - =, Te JC
Va 470 V.
V
m
=O,88 Va = 0,88 . 470= 414 em".
V,= Vm In 1,57
h. 105
/
TC je VI = 4140,45 = 186 em /
, \

1:2,9
=0,49
H 33 OS3j o.n.uoe je am = 1 :re je k. = 410 kg/em", a k = ka + kd< = 41 0 +
+ 525 = 935 kg/em" .
.l(ecpopMaI.lHOHH P,M 3a 'fYBy je
Wi = VI' 1)= 186935 = 174000 emkg = 1740 mkg
II oIJepallH'ia- 6H'jaH,e I1pC'I'eHaCTOr TeJIa. OBa ce HCTO-
BpeMeHo o6aBJba c III CaMO ce IIpH O,103ojeHO rro-
CMaTpajy a 3aTIDof fbIDCOBa ,l\ejCTBa ca6Hpajy. IIo'leTHa BHCl1Ha ha li
H KPajlba hb 11 yfo-rMajy ICe CaM'O 3a IIpCTeHaCTH Aeo (BH,l\}I: CJJ. 26) I-I TO
TaK!O Aa nOCJIe II I-I III orrepaI.lHje MaTepHjaJI IJOTIJY'HO I-I\aBa .l\OIbY,
YHYTpallllb Y lllytrJbHHY. 3a J e.l\lfY IJOJIOBHHY J e .
145-119
'a = + 20 = 33 mm; fl b = 20 mm.
/ 2
YKYIlHI-I XO,. 2 (hu-IIb) =26 mro Mopa 6= HCTI-I 3a II H III oIJepRl.lHjy
, 1[ > 1[ 3,14 11 3,14 5" 75 4
Ab=A,-AI=- d."--d
l
-=-- - - --. -= , em-
f 4 4 4 4 .
, Aa = A2 - Al = 64 - 19,6::::: 44 em"
Am = '/2 (Aa + A
b
) = 44 -t; 75,4::::: 60 em"
d
a
= 0,5 (90 - 50) = 20 mm
db = 0,5 (110 - 50) = 30 mm
d = do + db = 20 + 30 = 25 mm.
m 2 2
26
II O'BO'M CJlY'lajy
,l:(ecj:>O'PMaI.\WO'Ha
FII = Ab . k.
HeMa npeJll41Bafba MarepMjaJla KaO' Ha CJI. 25.
cWJla rrpw Kpajy rrpCTeHaCTO'l' ca6HjlUba
je
d . . . . db 30 1 5 .
DAHO'C - 3a O'Sa] cJIY'fa] Ca6W]aloba ]e - = - = , . 3a O'Ba.1 O',A-
h . hb 20
RO'C je rrpeMa wrjarpaMY ICJl. 12)' a= 1,2 Te je kd = GMC . a = 410 . 1.2 =
= 492 kg/ em", kdC = 525 kg/ em". a k = kd + kdC = 492 + 525 = 1017 kg/em".
CI>fJla Ha Kpajy O'Be cj:>a3e cafuljlUba F II = 75,4 . 1017 = 76500 kg
V 145 d
m
25
V=A
a
,/,
a
=443,3= 145em"; h",= - = - =2,4 em; -' = ' = 1.04.
Am 60 h
m
24
3a O'Baj O'AHOC je KO'ecj:>HI.\l>fjeHaT a 1
I O'nepal1.wjy.
Tj. kd = 410 kg/em" KaO' 3a
hG 33 5
3arrpeMl1Ra V, = V . In fz; E, = - = - = 1,6 ;
hb 20
V
j
= 145. . 0,5 = 72,5 em".
IIO'WTO' ce npCTeHaCTO ca611jalbe BPWW '14. ca ropl-be I>f ca
CTpaHe, TO' je CTBapHa J-lCTl1CHyTa 3arrpeMI>fHa ,ABO'CTpyK'a Tj .
V
j
= 2 . 72.5 = 145 em".
P3):l je T3):Ia
W
II
= V,(kd+k
dc
) = 145 935= 136000 em kg = 1360 mkg.
III O'rrepal1J-lja - ca15J-ljalhe wynJber TeJla Y KaJlyny. DBa O'nepa-
l.\lIja, KO'ja ce 06ltBJba J-lC"I1O'BpeMeHO' ca II Y crnapJ-l je Ha-
CTaBaK IIIY,nJher ca61>fjal-ba I>f3 T O'nepal.\llje. Bl1cJ1"Re hall I '" hbl II Y31>f-
Majy ce CHMO' 3a MaTepl1jaJl nO',A rrpO'6O'jl1MMa
ha = 105 (165) mm; hb = 79 mm; At = 19.6 em"; ha - hb = 26 mm;
IIospI.1Il1Ha A;.::::: A2
IIpl1 113pa'{YHaBal-bY A3 Y3MMa ce JOY3eTHO' 3a h. nO''{eTHa BHC11Ha
-rj. 165 mm a He 105 mm, B 3a A2=64 cm
2
Tj. KaO' Ka,A 611 <:e ,ca6MjaI-be
wyrrJber TeJla BPilll1J1O' HenpeKI1AHO' O'/l: BI1CHHe 165 /l:O' 79 mm. Ta/l:a je
[64.16,5+(11.9-7,9) 19,6]-0,5 .64=111 em";
A" = A" =.-!..!.!...=14.
AI 19.6 ., hb 7,9
IIpeMa ,Al1ja<rpBiM'Y (c.n. 21) je
= 2.25 Tj. Ab = 2,25 19,6 = 44 em".
AI
,l:(ecj:>O'PMBl1I1O'RB CI1J1a Ha Kpajy O'Be nepl1O'/l:e ca61>fjal-ba Fill = A
b
k.
27
=
h. 7,9' .
3a oBaj O.D;HOC je a"" I Te je kd = GMC = 410 kg/ em" a YKyTTlDl CDel.\.
QTnop .Q;e<j>opMHcaH>a k = k d + kd' = 410 + 525 = Y35 kg/ em" Te je
FII/=44 Y35=411qO kg. YKyrrna .l\ecpopMal.\MOHa e,ma Ha Kpajy II M
11/ onepallMie F 11+ III = F II + Fill = 76500 + 41 14u = 117640 kg.
3a l13pa'l')'HaBal-be .l\ecpopMal.\MOHOr pa.l\a HaJla:lM ee
A 64 A 64 A
= - - =6. 1; .2 = "- - = 3,3; 2 = 1,5; Au = 1,5 . 19,6 = 29,4 em"
hu 10,') AI 19,6 AI
Am = 1/. (Au + A.) = 1/. (29,4 + 44) "" 37 em"
Va = Au . lIu = 29,4 . 10,5 = 310 em"; Vb = Ab . h. = 44 . 7,9 = 348 em"

V" 310 '
Ta.l\a je _Vm = I Tj , V", = Va = 310 em" ..
V.
MCTJ-fCHYTa 3anpeMJ<Ha
V,= Vm In e,;
ha 105
P.= -=- = 1,33
lIb 79
V; = 310 . 0,26 = 80,5 em".
Cpe.l\l-ba BMCMHa
Y
- 4 37 '
h . d
m
= 3, 14 = 082
m Am 37 mm, h
m
8,4 ,
Tj . < I.
3a oBaj O.l\ffOe je a = I Te je kd = 410 kg/ em"
a k = kd + kd' = 410 + 525 = 935 kg/ em"
,n;ecpopMal.\MOHM pa.l\ je
W
ili
= V; . k = 80,5,935 = 75200 emkg = 752 mkg.
I V onepal.\>!ja-npCTeHaCTo ca6Mjal-be ea BeHl.\eM. IIo'leTHa cpe.l\l-ba
lllHpMHa
Kpajl-ba cpe,lll-ba llIHpHHa
110- 50
2
30 mm,
d. = 160-50 =80
2 2
mm,
28
d
m
= 30+80
2
55 mm.
IIo'ieTHa BHCWHa ho=69 mm, KpaQFba BHCI.nra hb =33 mm.
,J:(e<j:>opMHCaHa 3arrpeMHHa je
Te je
v = -} (16" . 3,3 - 5" . 2) = 625 em
a
.
V 625
A
o
= - = - - = 90,5 em";
. V 625 3
A
b
=-=--= 190 em.
/10 6,9 hb 3,3
3a je a= 1,4 Tj. kd=O'Mc a=410 1,4=575 kg/ em" .
hb 3,3
k = kd + k
dr
= 575 + 525 = 1100 kg/ em"
I
,J:(e<j:>opMaI.1'HoHa CHJla Ha xpaj y IV
F I V = Ab . k = 190 . 1 100 = 209000 kg
Am = J/, (An + A
b
) = '/2 (901-+- 190) 140 em"
h 625 = /. d
m
12
m Am 140 ' h
m
4,5 '
a= 1,15 a kd =t i, 15. 410= 472 kg/ em"
k = kd + kdc =1 472 + 525 = 997 kg/ em"
Ji1C'I'HCHYTa 3arrpeMHH
Vi = V m . In F r- = = _6,9 = 2 09
z , l hb 3,3 I
V; = 625 . 0,74 = 462 em"
pa,[l 3a IV ca6HjaJoe 611fie
IV I v = VI . k = 462 . 997 = 460000 emkg = 4600
IIo"IeTHa wHpHHa QMeTaHOr WHpeIba paBHa .ie HYJJ1M a cpe}:(Fb KpajIba
36
V - ca6HjaIbe ca BeHl.\eM ca ABe
196-160=36 mm. Cpe,l\H>a illMpHHa d
m
='2 = 18 mm. no'! Ha Bl1-
C'HHa j e "0 =9 mm, KpajIba h. = 6 mm.
,J:(e<j:>ollM""caHa 3anpeMHHa j e
\9,6
2
. 0,6= 180 em".
4
IIp>lT>lOHyTe nOBpllUrne cy
V 180
Aa = - = - - = 200 em",
ha 0,9
V 180
A
b
=-=--=300 em"
hb 0,6
3a >opa'lYHaBafbe c>lne 3a Taj nep>lOA je
TC je
h 0,6
Q = 2,5; kd = 2,5, 410 = 1020 kg/em"; k = kd + kdc =
= 1020 + 525 = 1545 kg/em"
a !<paj I-ba c>lna
F" = A. ' k = 300, 15457 464000 kg.
"
Am = '/. (Aa + A
b
) =,-'/. (200 + 300) = 250 em"
h
d
m
1,8 25
m em; d
m
=I,8em; -=--="
Am 25u ' h
m
0,72
3a oBaj O,!{HOC je
a = 1,4 Te je kd = "Me' Q = 1,4 . 410 = 572 kg/ em"
H k = kd + kdc = 572 + 525 = 1097 kg/em".
MCT>lCHyTa 3anpeMHHa je
v, = V m In E, ; 15
lib 0,6 '
Vi = 180 . 0,4 1 = 74 em
a
W v = VI . k = 74 1097 = 81000 cmkg = 810 mkg.
29
YKYllH>I AelPOpMal\J'lOH>I paA nOTpe6aH 3a ca6>1jal-be AaTor PaAHor
npcAMeTa 6>fhe j eAHll K 36>1py noj eAl'fHa 'fH>lX Aecj:>opMal\J'lOH>fX paAoBa
W = WI + WI/ + WIIJ + WIV -I- Wv = 1740 +- 1360 + 752 +
+ 4600 + 810 = 9262 mkg,
a HajBeha AelPOpMaI.\>rOHa c>lna Koja ce jaBJba 3a BpeMe ca6>1jaHoa jeA-
HaKa je C>lJI>I Ha Kpajy V onepaQJ1je Tj. 464 000 kg.
en. 27 nOKa3yje 3a oBaj np>fMep llpOMeHy AecpopMaL<>fOHe c>lne y
3aB>lCHOCT>l OA XOAa 3a 'l.ojeA'J'IHe onepaQ>fje. IIonpllHfHa, O>fB>l'leHa KO-
OpA>IHaTH>IM ocaMa >I KpJ11!OM, Aaje Ta):\a AecpopMal\J'lOH>l pM. OBaKO
nnaH>lMeTp>fCaHa nOBpW>fHa MO)f{e Aa cnJ)K>I >I Kao KOHTpona 3a >f3-
pa'fYHaT>I AecpopMaL<>lOffi1 paA
30
lIeop..w.auuOjj,U oruop 11 pad up" ca6ujnlbj' I' cra1by . .D;o
ca,l\a nOCMaTpaH'O ca6>1jalbe O,!1HOC>lJlO ce Ha ca6MjaH>e MaTep>ljaJla Y '1'0-
nJrOM CTalbY, 3a Koje ce OTTIOP Aecj:JDpMa1<1'Lje MO>Ke CMa-
1'parrw KOHCTaHTOM 3601' BeJl'l1Ke 6p3>1He peKp>lCTaJl>lCaH,a nOCJTe oja-
qalba MarepKjaJTa. IIp>I ca6>1jaH>y Y XJlaJ(HOM cTalbY oCTaje t-I AaJbe ,Aej -
CTBO ojaqaH>a 360r MaJle 6p311"He peKp>lCTaJFI1Calba Te je cneQ'J1cj:Jwrn11
oTnop npoMeHJb>lB 3a BpeMe ca6>1jmba 11 TO Kao cj:JYHKljl-fja ,Aecj:JOpMa-
/

- qetpopl'1. Cl.1/la r
Cn. 27. - n:pO>teHe lIIecj>op-
CH'JJe y 3aBHCR0c.."'N1 X(),l\ 8
npeMa tITPJoll:\1epy
l1>1j e MaTep>lj aJla Y rrpa BU;Y ,Aej CTBa
c>lJle.
PaH11j e HaljeHI-f 11311a3 3a Ae-
cj:JopMaI.\110HM paA 6e3 Tpelba l1"Mao
j e 06J111K
OBaj 1-f3pa3 MO>Ke ce npMMeHMTM >I
Ha ca6>1jalbe Y XJla,l\HOM CTalbY, np11
qeMY ce MHTerpaJla HaJIa3M
Ha cJleAeli'M Ha'il1"H. Y ,A11jarpaMY
(CJI. 28) HaHoce ce Kao anCl111Ce Ae-
.
cj:JopMal1>1j e h = E':, a Ka'O Dpp;l1Ha-
Te OJITOBapajyl1:e BpeAR'ocrM 3a ko,
rAe je ko = (Jc Hanpe3albe MaTepwja-
Jla Ha npl1"T>lCaK 11'3Ha,l\ rpaHl1l.\e Be-
Jl'I>fK>lX ,llecj:JopMa.l1'Mja. aBe spe,!\J!OCT>I
Y3>1Mai y ce M3 ,A11j a'rpaMa 3aBI-fCHOCT'M
" c = f ( F', ) , KaAa ce Bpe,!\J!OCT>I 3a
(J c CBe,AY Ha CTBapHe, ecj:JelITl>fBHe nOBpun-lHe >l3JrO'>KeHe npI1T>lCKJ'
(lKpl>1Ba ecj:JeKTMBH.I1X Ha-
nOHa).
CJT. 2D {nYHO >l3BY-
>IeHa Kp>lBa) IWerC'paBJba
Kpl>fBY 3aBI1CHOCTI1 "c =
=/(c'z) Y OBOM ,l\11jarpaMY
Rloj 11 ce 1I13HaJTa3}>L eiKcrre-
pI1"MeHTaJIHO 3a CBaKH Ma-
Tep>ljaJI, A06l>1jeH'e cy Bpe-
,!\J!OCTJ>1 3a " c AeJbeH>eM
O,ArOBapaj y l1e np11-
Tl>1CKa ca nO'BpWI-fHQM ., Ao,
Kaja O,ArOBapa HeonTepe-
heHoM cTalhY. M el)YTI'fM,
3a BpeMe ca6Mjalba I I0Be-
l1aBa ce nOBpWl>1Ha 113JlO-
>KeHa lTPMTMCKY, "aKO Aa
cy CTBapHl1, ecj:JeKTMBHM
Cn.28.
,nJol jappaM 3 3 W3HaJl a>KeJ-b.' 'KO IlJ)J1 ca5Jr1-
j aFbY y x na)l, HOM cl'al-bY
HanOHM Malbl1 OA cj:JMKTl>fBflMX HanOHa K;OjM oAroBapaJ Y eKcnepMMeH-
TaJfHO '!(ool1"jeHoj KPMB'Oj . .D;a 6M ce A06110 ecj:JeK'l'l>fBH'M nanoH, w'pa ce
Ao .
't.MKTI1BHM HarrOH MHO>KI1"Tl>1 OAHOCOM nOBpwMHa - : TJ.
A,
31
,Ueq,opMaI.\Hj a Ca6J4jafba
!lit 11 - It ,
je F'.=-=--
It II
BJ4CJ4Ha
V
TeJla je It = - rAe je V 3arrpeM>lHa TeJla a Ao nOyeTH>t npeceK. TIo-
Ao
\1
cJle Aeq,opMal.\Hje 3a L'> h 6Hhe aJ4CJ4Ha ", = - rAe je fl., oitroaapajyhJ4
A,
npeceK nocJle oae
, Ao
3aMeHoM Ao6J4ja ce P z = I - -
A,
J4Jll1 Ao = I-e' . . TIpeMa TOMe je
A,' t
eq,eKTl1BIDt HaTIOH
Ao (
Ge, = Ge - = Ge 1- F', ).
A,
Ha oBaj Ha'rnH .!\06HjeHa je KpJ4aa
eq,eKTHBHl1X HanOHa rrpeMa CJJ. 29
(J4CrrpeKH.o;aHo qpTa1ia KPHBa).
Ha oCHoay TaKO A06Hjf!HJ4X
eq,eKTl<BH>!x HarrOHa !.{PTa CP. KPJ4-
Ba ko = f (E',) (CJI. 28), Koja je
3a ko = Ge 11AeHTH'lHa ca KPHBOM
Ha CJI. 29. TaAa wpaq,J4paHa ftO-
o at az 0,3 WI !!2..-,'
BplillfHa 'rrpCTCTaBJba BpeAr/oCT J4H-
TerpaJia en. 29.
h,
J
k
o
dlt
It
h.
KPMB8 ecPeKTJ1BHJ.1X SMORa
Ha OCHOBY K'Ora ce H3HaJJa3J4 rrOTpe6a'H Aeq,op Maw" OHI1 ,JaA 3a ca6J4-
jafbe 6e3 Tpefba rrpeMa ropfbeM 06pacl.\Y 3a W. HajBeha Aeq,opMal.{l4-
OHa c>fJla je Fmu. = A . k
oma
., rAe ce k
omax
TaKol)e Y3J4Mll H3 AJ4ja-
rpaMa (CJI . 28). ,Ueq,opMaI.{l40HH paA Kao 14 CI4J1a, 0Ar/OCHO OTnop, 3a
ca6wjafbe ca 1'pefbeM ,l{06Hjaj y ce 143 ca6Hjafba 6e3 'rpefbll Ha I1CT/1 Ha-
YHH Kao H 3a TOnJlO ca6J4jaJ/-be.
06paAa JTug:UBa'be.At cnaAa TaKol)e nOA ca6Hjafbc V X.q:lAHOM
CTafbY. OBa pa,z:ta, Koja ce Haj'iewhe BPWJ4 y XJla,z:tHOM C'!'UtbY, pa3-
.1Il1KYje ce OA rrpeTXO,D;He CBOjHM BPJlO MaJlI4M XOAOM. OHa HaJta3H I1PJ4-
MellY npH H3pa.z:tJ4 peJbeq,Hl1X nOBpWl1Ha Ha pa,l{HI/<tM npeAMeTJ4Ma H TO
Ha nYHOM MaTepajoaJlY aehe ,l{e6JbaHe (CJI . 30 a), Kao 11 Ha JlHMoaaMa
y3 caaJ4jaH>e (CJI. 30 b) . IIow'ro je XOA npa oaoj 06pa.o;w apJlo MaJll1,
TO ce MOJKe npa6J1WJKHO CMaTpaT"l CHJla HU l.\e-
JlOM XO.z:tY KOHCTaHTHa H jeAHaKa t:A . p, rAe je A npJ4TJ4CHYTa no-
32
BpUHrna ynpaBHa Ha CI1JIe, a p OBe
nOBplUl1He. B pe,[lHOCTI1 3a p MOry ce y3eT11 113 1.
Cn. 30.
Ta6AUlla 1 - Cneuu<j>u'lUO onTepelielbe p y t/cm
2
npu YTucKHBaH,Y
- ---- .-
YTHCKHBalbe ea CaBI1jafbeM ( npeMa en. 30 b) TaHl{1JIJX l\!eCJ.1HraFLYiX
I
J1J1MOBa Ae6JbJ<Re OKO 0,7 mm
1
'YTHCK!J1lBalbe Ita ,caBHjaFbeM (lTIpeMa en. 30 b) ,n;e6Jb1J1X MeCHHraHy!X
Ae6JbJ<He OKO 1,8 mm
I
8 .;- 9
XnaA'HO Ae<PopMJ1Ca1be IIlJIJ.rnK!l1X MeCHHraHJ.1.X .u;eJIOBa
2 .;- 4
PeJbeq,Ho YTJ.1CKJ1Satbe (npeMa en. 306) TaHKHX MOOHHraHJ1X nH-
Mosa ,n; e5JbJlfHe OKO 0,4 mm
25 .;-30
I
IIJIlI1'I\KO YTHCK!J1BaJ-be 3a '-IeJ1J1.K 2 .;- 3
I
'l1>!eJrnBau,e lpeJbe<j:la Ha 3naTHOM J< epeQpHOM HOBI1Y
12 .;- 18
Y'TJ1CKwSaH:.e peJbe<j:la ,Ra
HOBI1Y OA IIUfKJIa 16 .;- 18
06P 3,[13 I1CTHCKHB31beM
ilo,[l 06pa,[lOM I1CT11(JKl1'BalbeM (Fliesspressen, extrusion) rro,[lpa3y-
MeBa ce ol1epa!Q'I1ja ll1.naCTWIHe ;:ieqropM3'qI1je 'l1pl1 KOj'Oj ce MaTep!1:j3JI y
BK,Il;y KOJIyra, BaJb'Ka 11= CJIWIHor 06=Ka TIO,[l ,[Iej,CTBoM 14CT14DlG1Ba'la
I1cTIiCKyje 113 OTBOpeHOr Ka.rryna. Y Belili.Irn CJl'Y'fa!jeBa pa,[l11 ce 06paiD,l1
TeJIa, Ma,[l<i ce 14 He'Ol1MeTpWI'Ha TeJlla MOry I13pa,!J)1TI1 I1CT14-
CKMBalbeM. 06pa,[la 14=CKMBalbeM MO}!{e ,l(a ce Bplli'l1 y XJIa,[lHOM '11=
TonJIOM CTalb y, rrpl1 'leMY j e IIpB'l1 Ha'lHH WIllIe rrpl1MelbeH.
Y 3aBl1(JHOCTI1 0,[1 CMepa Meljyc06HJ4X KpeTalba aJIaTa 11 MaTepl1-
jaJla, pa3=Kyj e ce cyrrpoTHocMepHo, J;10T0ClMepHO 11 KOM6I1HOB3!HO I1CTI1-
CKI1llalbe. eJI. 31 a rrpHKa3yj e ,cJlY'laj cyTIpOTHocMepHor I1CTI1CKYliBalba,
CJI. 31 b I1cToCMepHor a CJI. 31 C cJIY'laj Ko:M6MHOBaIHOr I1Cl'HCK14Balba.
Kao MaTepl1jaJI cy y OBI1M cJIY'lajesl1Ma rrocJIY}!{I1JIl1 14JIl1 TaHoKa KpYJKHa
nJlO'la, BaJbaK 14JI11 OTCe'laK l..\eBI1.
33
c.n. 31 b a CJI. 31 C c.IT',qaj
Kao MaTep11jaJl cy y OBWM raH1(a KPy-
)KHa nJloqa, BaJbaK (Yl'Ce'faK !.leBP!.
a)
b)
C)
I
@
,$
.'rr-
Cn. 31. - Pa3H!W cnY1.JajeBJ.1 J.1CTMCKJ1Sa H:. a : a - cynpoTHocMepHo, b - I-fCTOCMepHo
l
C - KOM6]1HOaaHo
l1.eifJop.M.au,uo1iU oTnOp U pad npu 6e3 Tpe'lba. 3a
o6paAY MDry ce 06pac!.lp! 3a
paA ca6Mjal-by 6e3 Tpel-ba. 3a Aeq,0pMal.\;.\'l'ID! paA
TIpa ca611jal-by 6e3 TpeFba AaljeH je 113pa3 y 06Jl'11KY
ii ,
w= Vkom !IlE
ii,
sa ca6ajatbe y XJlaAHOM cral-bY, rAe k
o
'" npeTCTaBJba
Aeq,opMa!.lMOH'l1 OTIrOP 1<l3Meljy nO'IeTHOr 11 Kpajl-ber crafua.
I10WT'0 ce MCTIlC'KJ<saI-bY J13AY)Kyje caMO y rrpaal.\.Y Z
oce, cKpahefua y pa,!\'l1jaJl'HOM 11 TaHreHl.\l1jaJrHOM rrpaal.\.Y (IKOA
ffI1X TeJla) MMajy MCTy BpeAIHOCT, TO je sa MCTOC"MepH'O l1CTJ,fCKJ;ffiafbe rryHOT
MaTepajaJla (CJI. 32 a) llIyrrJber Te.TJa (32 b)
3 MaWJ1He aJIaTKe
34
Ao
Inl'=ln - ,
AJ
r,lJ;e je Ao = : (Do" - d") lTOqeTHfi lToB'pwM'Ha npeceKa MaTepMJaJIa a
A
J
=!!....(D," - d
2
) Kpajlha. 3a cJIyqaj lTpeMa CJI. 32a je d=O.
4
Ji13Pa3 3a pa,lJ; rrpl1 XJIa,lJ;HOM J1CTl1ClOIBaffiY ,lJ;o6Hja
Ta,lJ;a 06JlMK
l
Ao
W = V k
om
' 11 - ,
AJ
je V ,lJ;ecpopMl11Cll!Ha 3anpe<MJ1Ha.
AKo ce CTaBJ1 ,lJ;a j e pa,lJ; j eWlaK rrpoJ1'3BO,lJ;y J1'3 OTnopa F J1 XO,lJ;a
J1CTJ1CKl1Bal-ba h, ,lJ;06l1iie ce
W=F.h=V.k .ln
Ao
om Ai'
Cn. 32. - MCTocMepHo >!CT>!CKH-
Bafbe: a - nYHor, b - wynJber
Tena
TaKO ,lJ;a je OTlTOp
V I Ao I Ao
F= - k
o
"" ll - = Aok
om
11 -
h Al A,
IIpJ1. cynpOTHOCMepHOM KCTJ1.'C'K}I Ba-
!by lTYHor MaTepJ1jana 6l1iie. Kao J1 3a
MCTocMepHo
In I> = In
A,
TaKO ,lJ;a J13pa3 3a J1.Ma o6JIJ1.K
W =
AJ
a J1.3pa3 3a CUJIY

Al
IIpJ1 CyrrpOTH'OCMepHOM J1C1MClGI'Ba-
!by lIIyrrJbJ1X- TeJIa (CJI. 33) Tpe6a 3a .iIora-
pJ1TaMlCKY ,lI;ecpopMal.\!1jy, 'l1'peMa 3-J16eJIy
(Siebel) , yseCTl1 rrpJ16J1IDKHY
D
111 E "'=' 111 --
0
- -0,16
Do-d
Kao Cpe,ll;Iby BpeWloCT ,lI;ecpopMfIl.\J1je npJ1
pa,ll;K.l aJIHOM ca6!1ja'!bY 3a l.\eo npeceK,
TaKO ,lI;a ce 3a ,lI;ecpopM'a'QJ10HM Pfl,lJ; J1
CI1JIY ,l\o5J1jajy c.lle,ll;efil1 J13pa3J1
W = V:kom 0,1 6),
Do-d .
35
OAHOCHO
F= A.k
o
," (In
Do-d
oTnonJi pad npu UCTttCKUaa1-bY ea Tpe1-be.At. AHa-
JIOrHO 0 pa,!{M Ca6M]albeM, npM MCrnCKJ1BaFbY ca TpelbeM y OAROCY Ha
o6pa,ny 6ea Tpel-ba, nonel1ana ce crrew-rcp>f'-lHJ1 Ae-
cpoPMaw-rOHI-l 0'I1I10p.
IlpM6Jn-DKHo ce AecpopMa.I.\MOHM OTITOP iii[ paA
3a o6paAY ca TpelbeM Mory oApeAMTJ1 ynoljelbeM
CTEmeHa KOPHCHOCTM Ae<PopMaqJ1je '1d 'Ufje ce
npeAIWCTM Mory KpeTaTM 'M3Meljy 30 M 85/0 y 3a-
BMCIi'ClCTY! OA M OA JTOrapMTaMOKe Ae-
cpopMaw-rje In c. ybpa3 3a ClTrrop
AO'6Mja TaAa
F
- A kom I Ao
- 0' -- ' n -
Ild AI
a 1-f3paa 3a AeijJopMaw-rOHM paA
HI = V. k
om
. In Ao .
Ild A,
D.
CJl. 33. - CyrrpOT.HO-
cMepao
W)'\IlJbJiIX TeJla
CTPO}l{J1jM opopa'fY'H Aecpop'Mal{MOHOr ClTnopa M paA3 3a CJIyqaj
MCTMc:.JOmaJba ca 11pel-beM ycmMa y 053Mp M reoMeTpMClKe eJIeMeHTe Pa',!l;-
HClr npeAJlfffi'a.
3a liCTOC.AtepHO UCTUC'KUaa1-be nyH.ux TE'JLa (rrpe'Ma CJI. 32 a) YKYIT-
ID1 Aecp0pMa.I.\MOHM oTnop jeA'HaK je 361-fPY oTITopa 3a I1CTMClrnBaibe 6e3
'I'pel-ha M ClToIlopa Tpel-ha lf3Meljy aJIaTa M MaTepMjaJIa, Kao M =nopa
YCJIeA TaHreHqHja.1llrnX HarrOHa H3 JotBJotl.\Jot 30He AecpopMlWcaJ-ba.
IlpeMa <PeJI,lI'MaHY (Feldmann) je CMJIa nO'I'pe6Ha 3a CaBJIaljMBaFbe
OTITopa 'I'pel-ha M3Meljy MaTepMjaJIa Jot RarHyTJ-1X rrOnnIIJ'MHa KaJIYlIIa
Ao fl
FT,= Aoko.,, ln -
A
. _ ,.
I a
rAe je fl 11pel-ba a a yra'o Rarw:6a KOlDl'me nClBpurnHe
KaJIyna.
CI-!JIa Tpel-ha y J.\eJIY KaJIyna O'Apel)yje ce opeMa
FT " = n Do' hofl k
o
,
rAe je Y3eTO .Dia je HanOH 'CMMI\aJha r fl' ko aKO ko 03HaQa'Ba CTIeIJ;I1-
CPW>HJot AecpopMaL\110IDl oTnop 3a AecpopMa.I.\Mjy 6e3 Tpe:Fha a ho nCl'le'l1HY
BW'CWJ-1Y MaTepMjaJIa.
[(<myHCKI1 OTITOp Ha 30RE' AecpopMMCaI-ba YCJIeA TaHfeHqM-
jaJI_x HanOHa je
Ta'KO ,!I.a ce Y'KynH'M Aecpop'Mat\MOli'l1 (Yl'nop Aofilfj'a 'W3 M3pa3a 3a MilOP
6E'3 Tpel-ba YBehaHor 3a rope AaTe 1<f3pa3E' 3a OTflope 11peI-ba
36
Ao ( IJ. + 2 a ) + h
F=A
o
k
om
ln - 1 +- ---A- :T' Do' oll k
o

A, C1. 3
A,
PaJ,lI ,l\o6J-fja ce !'IPJ-f6JIJOKHO aKO ce lIpe'l'nocraBH ,na
je OTIlOP KORCTaH'I'aH 3a l.\eJIO BpeMe KCTKCKHBalba, lllTO
je npeMa CJI. 34, r,ne cy lIpeMa 3a pa3JIWDITe cJrY'tajeBe
J-fCTMCKl1Balba, ,naTH ,l\MjarpaMM 3aBl1CHOCTM o'l'Ilopa o,n xo,na, ,nonyUITeRo.
,L(ecpopMaWfoHM Pa'.ll je Ta,na

r.l\e je h pa,zorn: xo,n YfCTMCKl1Ba'la.
3a 'UCTOC.Mepno UCTUCKUSa1he w,ynJbux Te.n.a (CTaIbYfBaFbe Ber.
npeTxO,llHo W3pru,efIIYfX UIYnJ!Mx TeJIa (npeMa CJI. 32 b o,npeljyje ce ,l\e-
\
I
[]
- -- h
W
- -h
,
--n
Cn. 34. .It J.1 jarpaMI1 3aBJ1CHOCTJol
OTnopa OJ( xOAa rrpl1 KCTHCKJ1Baa.y
cpopMawroror (YI1ITOP Kao 30J1p OTITO-
pa 3a YfCTMCKYfBaFbe 6e3 TpeFba J-f
O'IIITopa Tpelba.
OTITOP Tpelba YCJIe.l\ TaHrE'H-
l.\l-!j aJI Hl-lx HanOHa Ha J-fBJ-!l.\Yf 30He
.l\ecpopMKCaFba je npeMa <I>eJI,l\MaHy
1
= - Ao.J<o",'u,
:2
r.l\e je Au = (Do" - de) a a yrao
4
HarK6a KOHJ-f'lHOr ,l\eJIa Ka.rryna (y
JI.Y'rHoj
Onrop Tpelha J-f3Meljy MC'l'J-f-
CKl1Ba'la J-! 'KOR11'IHOr .l\eJIa Ka-
JIyTI1\ je
2 A l
Ao 1'.
F 1:!= ok
om
,l1 - ' - ,
A, o.
r,!le j e KoecpT-!l.\J-!jeHT 'l1pelha.
OTITOP Tpelba Ha 3J-!.l\Y ill11per
1.\E'JIa KaJIY'ITa ,lIyJKl1He I (CJI. 32 b)
,l\o6J-fja ce Kao npOH3BOA ,l\O,l\J-!pHe
ITOBpWJ-fHe rr Do " 11 HanOHa CM11l.\a-
Iha Ha TOj ITOBPillIDIYf. AKO ce ITpe-r-
ITOCTaBJ-f ,l\a j e r jJ. ' ko ,l\o6Khe ce
FTo = n D
o
l k
o
jJ. , .
TaKO ,na je yKyITHJ-f ,l\ecpopMal\110HJ-f O'I1ITOP
F=A .k
om
. ln
A
o(1 + _ft_ + 2
J1
)+:r. D
o
. / .k
n
ll.
A, 2 In Ao r .
A,
37
paA A06Mja ce nOA npeTnOCTaBKOM npmiJnDKHO
KOHCTaHTHor OTrrOpa MCTMCKMsalba M3 npOM3S0Aa OTrrOpa M xOAa M('1'11-

3a cynpoTHOC ... tepHO U,CTUC'KU,Ba"fbe tuynJbUX Te.n.a - ' Iaypa rrpeMa
CJI. 33, KOA KOjMX je nOJl a3HM Ma'1' epl1jaJl l'aJfKa oKpyrJl<l nJlO'la, oApe-
liyje ce AeOpMaqMOHM O'rrrop 11 paA npeMa 3115e.ny M .n;'I4nepy (Si ebel,
Dipper) Ha Taj Ha'l11H 1lI1'0 ce qeo npoqec AeJJ11 y Jl'Be O'nepaI.111je ca511-
jal-ba. IIo'leTHM MaTepl4jaJl SM"CMHe h 11 nospwMHe Ao ca611ja ce M3Meljy
MC'IlMCK11Ba'la M T{Ha KaJlyna. MaTep11jaJl ROjM ce 50'lH0 MCT11cKyj e ca5l1ja
ce HaKHaAIHO Ha 3MAoSMMa KaJlyna Aa 5M ce Ad5MJla Tpa>KeHa Ae5Jb-M-
Ha 3M"Aa.
IIpM rrpsoM ca5l1j al-bY jasJba ce oTnop Kao M npM ca511jaJ-bY TeJla
M3Meljy Ase paBHe nOBplll11He, Te je (SMAM AecpopMal.\110HM OTllOp '14 paA
npM CTaTM"'lKOM ca6Mjal-by ca TpefheM)
FI = A kd A . ( b) ,
l - p. -
211
rAe je 3a SaJbaR b = d, Te j e
F, = A. ko
l-fl (2
d
h)
1f d"
aKO A = -- npeTCTaSJba 'leOHY nosplU11HY MCT11ClrnBa'la.
4
3a Hal!@iaAHO ca5Mjal-be w.3Meljy MCTMCK'I<Ba'la 11 6o'lH'JofX 311Aosa
KUJlyna oAPeljyje ce Ae<PopMal.i'l'l OH11 WITOP rrpeMa
rAe ho npeTCTaSJba nO'l eTHY SM"CM"Hy TeJla.
Y M"3pa3y 3a F, oAPeljyje ce kl M3 Kp11Be eeKTMSHYlX HanOHa
npeMa cpeAl-boj paA11jaJlHoj AeopMaqMjH no np116J111>KHOM 06pacl.\Y
3w5eJla

Do- d '
YKynHM AeopMaqMoHM oTnop 6MBe
.!10K ce AeopMaUMOHM pa.!l ,II0511j a, nOA npeTnocraSK'OM ,IIa ,IIeOpMaI.111-
OHM omop oCTaj e npM6J1M>KHO KOIfCTaIfTaH, 113 np0w.3S0Aa O'rnopa F 11
XOAa ca5Mjal-ba h, TaKO Aa j e
W"", f h,
l",IIe je h = ho - hI . pa3J1I1l..\M 11 3 nO'feTHe SMCJ>fHe hll M Ae5Jb>tiHe AHa hI.
38
II pu..Itepu. 1) O,llpej.\WI'J>I AecpOpMal.{HoIDI orrnop J1 AecpOpMal.\110Wl
PM npJ1 J1'CTI-fClO!BaFbY y XJIaAHOM CTal-bY TeJIa npeMa CJI. 32 a (J1CTO-
cMepHo HCTJ1'CW1lIaFbe nYHor TeJIa). TIpe'lHJ1K MaTepl1jaJIa npe HCTJ1CKJ1-
Ba-Fba j e (CJI . 35) Do = 50 mm, npe'I'HHK BpaTa J1CTJ1CHYTor MaTepl1j aJIa
Dl, 35. - ,n;l<"eH3il1iie
'reJIa n peMa 6POj HOM
upH:.'fepy
Dl=24 mm, AYJKI1Ha gpaTa H2=40 mm, BJ1CJ1Ha
fJIaBe H, = 10 mm, yrao Harr-r6a KORH'l He ' noBp-
IlHme KaJIyna n = 60
0
TIpeMa AaTIfM AHMeH3J1jaMa
'!lena Ao6Hja ce 3arrpeMJ1Ha Ma-repJ1jana OA 46 cm
a
,
lllTO Aaje 3a 'MaTepJ1"jaJI npe'-flnfKa Do=50 mm
nO'leTHy BI1Cl1HY no= 23,5 mm.
,T.{ecpopMal.{HOID1 OTnop o,llpe!)yje ce rrpeMa
06pacl\Y
F =A, kom' In AO( 1 + 1':. + 2. _ n_) +;r , Do'/lo' i'- , k
o
A, r'. 3 ,
A,
Ha OCHOB.Y JIOrapHTaMCKe AecpopMalIJ1je
In = In 4,35 = 1,47 Ha'JIa311 ce J13 KpHse
A,
ecpeKTHBHHX HanOHa (CJI, 36) k
om
Kao cpeAl-ba Bpe):l-
l
Ao I Ao
ROC'!' H3 ko 3a 'AecpopMal.\J1"jy n -A = J1 W3 kUI 3a 11 A =
I J
=1,47 (KpJ1'Ba ecpeKTHBIDIX HanOHa npeMa CJI. 36 OAfOBapa qemrKy ca
0,07% C 11 0,23% Mn), TaAa j e
kom :::::/0 + kOl = 20 + = 41 kg/ mm"
" 2 2
80
1
60
l--
I--
V
'10 17
20
r
o l{O 60 80 f()(} 120 If 0 :r
- -, I nc
C1!. 36. - Kpl1s. e<Pe!<TJ1BH>lX HanOH,
3 a yrao a = 60
0
::::::: 1 y JIY'fHoj MepH 11 e>HT TPeFba 11 0, 1
6J1'he AecpOPMal.{HOHJ1 W<nop
F= 19604 1, 1,47 ( I + 1,1
47
) + 3,1 4,50 .23.5. 0,1. 20 =
= 190370 kg = 190,37 t.
,UecpopMaQJ10HI1 paA oJ1 fte
W=FiI,
39
rile je xal1 J-tCTJ-tClGfBa'fa h= 23,5 - 10 = 13,5 mm, TaKO l1a ce l106wja
W = 190370 . 1,35 = 257000 cmkg=2,57 mt.
2) 'laypy rrpeMa CJI. 37 (cpel1H>l1 Aeo CmfKe) A06J-tj eRY rrpeTX
O
I1
H
J-tM
J-tCT>lClrnBalbeM, l1aJbI1M J-t311Y>KWI'J-t y3 KCTOBpeMeRO CMa-
FbeH>e l1e6Ji>mIe 3J-t110Ba {>fCTOCMepHo I1CT>fCK>fBaH>e illynJbeT Ten a rrpeMa
cn. 37 - 1101-bJ-t l1eo - BJ-tAJ-t J-t cn . 32 b) .
J,bpa'fyHaTJ-t rrOTpe6aH l1e<PopMaqJ10IDl OTITOP
J-t pall.
,UecpopMaI.\J-tOHK OTrrop o,rrpe!)yj e ce
rrpeMa
P=Ao kom ln - 1 +- --+
Ao ( I (1.
AJ 2 In Ao
A,
+ +,-r. Do / ko fl
IIo'feTHa rrpWl'J-tCHYTa rrOBpU1J1Ha (rrp-
CTena'CTa rrOBplIDfJ-Ia j e
A =.: (52 - 3
2
) = 12,6 em",
KpajH>a rrpwl'J-tCHYTa rroBp=Ha je
A, = (3,8
2
' - 3
2
) = 4,2 em
2

4
Cpei1lbJ-t l1ecpopMaU;l1oH>f OT rrop
k
om
,lI06>fj a ce Kao cpel1H>a BpellHOCT J-t3 ko 3a
l
Ao Ao 12,6:
n- =O II ko, 3a In - = 111 - - = 1, 1 113
A, A, 4,2
ecpeKTHBHWX HarrOHa. 3a J-tcry KpMBY
ecpeKT>IBIDIX HarrOHa Kao J-t 3a rrpeTxow."" en. 37. - .u,"'leH3J< ja Tena
rrpHMep (cn. ,lI06Hja ce npe.\1a fiPO:)HOM 'np>lMepy
k
om
= ko kOI = 20 t 6..!, = 40,5 kg/ mm".
,Uec;popMal..\J-tORJ-t OTIIOp 6J-the
F= 1260 40 5 1 I (I I =
" 2 1, 1 l ' ,
= 94380 kg = 94,38 t.
,UecpopMaqJ1OIrn pall o,rrpel)yje ce rrOI1 rrpeTrrOCTaBKoM rrpJ-t6,IHOJ(RO
KOHCTaHTHor OTrropa H3 rrpoJ-t(JBOlla l1ecpopMaqJ<oHor OTrropa 11 X011a
J-tCT>lCKMBaH>a h=40-6=34 mm, Te je
W = 94380' 3,4 = 321000 cmkg = 3,21 mt.
3) Ol1pel1H'NI l1ecpopMal..\HQIDI OTrrop J-t pall npJ-t J-t3pal1H 'faype rrpp.
Ma cn. 37 (ropHM H cpel1H>J-t l1eo), O,llROCHO rrpeMa Icn. 33 J-tCTHCI01BaH>CM
:cyrrpOTHocMepHo l1CT>foroJolaH>e rryHOT TeJra).
40
.l\ecpopMal\l10RM OTnOp o,llpeljyje ce rrpeMa o6pacL<Y
F=A d +k, [ I +!:o (0,251- i )]l
2h
'IeoHa nOBprmma MC'I'11'CK}!Sa'ia ie A=7' 3"=7 cm"= 700 mm" a
MaTepl1jaJI npe }!CTMCK}!'BaFba MMa npe'iHJofK Do=50 mm M BMCIDfY
ho=28,5 mm, ,lIOK ie rrpeq}fMK MCTMCK}!Ba'la d=30 mm a ,lIe6JbIDfa 3M,lIa
'faype s=10 mm.
Cnel\l1cpM'iHM ,lIecpopMal.\MOffM oTnop ko=20 kg/ mm" oWOBapa Ma-
TepJofjaJIy JofB rrpe'I'XO,l\iffl'lX rrpJofMepa. BMCl1Ha h, Koja O,!l;l'OBapa Kpaj,beM
xOJIY MCTJofCKJofBaH>a, M3ffOCI1 h,=8 mm. CneL<Mcpl1'iffl1 ,lIecpopMaL<.IOHI1
OTnop k, o,llpeljyje ce I1G KpJofBe ecpeK1'WBHI1X HanOHa (CJI. 36) npellla JIO-
rapwraMcKoj ,lIecpopMal.\11j11 no 3116eJIy (cpe,lll-ba Bpe,llHOCT pa',!I;HjaJIHe l\e-
cpopMal.(>fje)
In F In 0, 16 = In = 0,76
D
u
- d 50- 30
.l\ecpopMal.\WOHM OTnop 611he Ta,lla
F = 700 { 1- 0 30 + 58 [I + (0,25 + I)]} = 92500 kg = 92,5
, 28
pa:l1 ,lI0611ia ce,
KOHCTaHTHor ,!I;eWOpMaUJofOffOr OTnQpa,
OTITOpa M X'O,!I;a M'CTWCKI1Balba:
no,ll npeTnOCTaBKOM ITP116JIl-DKHO
Kao np0I13BO,ll ,lIecpopM,qHoHor
W F h = 925002,05 = 190000 cmkg = 1,9 rut.
opa a nJIacni HOM
y3 Mel!lY'co6HO JIOMenalbe FberOBMX ,1!eJIJofha. UPl1 TOMe ce
MaTepMjam: npl1CJofJbaBa ,lIa Kp03 OTBOP npCTeHa'CTor 'MJIl1 CJII1-
q}for o'6JIl1Ka. Ji[3BJIa'iel-be MOJKe ,lIa ce Bpum MJll1 ca 'Ma'l'epMjaJIOM Y
BW,lIy .roM'Ma, >lJIll1 Y B'W,lIy lI.II>1TIKe. TIPBl1 Ha'i'WH y,rro11pe6Jbama ce np>l >13-
BJIa'feFbY llIynJb= TeJIa O,ll JIl1!Ma, AOK ie ,lIpyrn Ha'fl'rH rFpWMel-beH rrp'l1
113BJIa'feI-bY JKl1l.\e. OB,lIe lie 611TI1 CaMO pe'il1 0 M3'BJIa'feI-bY Jl'I1MOBa, no-
llITO ce y Ma1Il'JoffiCTBY JKl1ua ynOTpe6Jba'Ba 'Kao rOTOB nOJIycpa6pMKaT.
Ha CJI. 38 npl1'Ka3aff je npMHL<Mn l'r3BJIa'iel-ba JI>lMa. Marrep>ljaJI Y
Bl1,l1Y TaHKe nJIO'ie nOCTaB.1ba ce Ha npCTeH 3a 113BJIa'ieFbe 1. TIpo,u;>!pa-
H>.eM >l3BJIa'Ka'i 2 nOBJIa'fM JIl1M HaH>lJRe ,u;ajyh>l My llIyTIJb>l, JKeJbeffl1
o6JlliK. 3a BpeMe 113BJIa'ieH>a npI1T>lCH,VT ,ie JIHM y3 npCTeH 3a M3BJIa-
'ieH>e nOCpe,llCTBOM ,ll;pJKa'ia JIII1Ma 3 . .l\pJKa'i JIHMa ie rrpcTeHaC'l'Or MJl11
41
CJJ11'rHor 06JnrKa 11 WMa 3aAaTaK Aa CrrpeqaBa OAH3al-be CJlo60AHe >!BHL\e
.mtl\la (CJI. 39) H CTBapal-be Ha6opa. CTBapaJi,e Ha60pa lIewaBa ce caMO
KOA Tal-b>!x JIl1'MOBa, rra ce 3a l-bHX W y nOTpe6JbaBa ,qp<a'l JlI1Ma.
en. 38. - 113BaIa1.Jelhe JUB1a
C U.II.a U3B.II.a"e1ba. CWJla nOTpe6Ha 3a H3'BJl a'l el-be
paBHa O'l'nopWll'fa KOj>! ce j aBJbajy rrpw W3BJlaQelbY.
TIpw W3BJlaQel-bY jaBJba
ce Ha npBOM ~ l e c T y OTnop
YCJlell 60'ufOr caofiwjarba Jll1Ma.
nJlat"rH'lfla ,qe<j:lop,.aL\>1ja Ha-
t"raje npH 113BJla'lel-bY caMO Ha
npt"rPHaCToi nOBplID!1-lW Koja
npe.na311 y 06WMHY nOBpWJ1HY
rOTOBor pa,l{Hor rrpeAMeTa, IIOK
nOBpW>fHa JI>fMa Ha KOj y Ha-
Jle>Ke l.J:eOHa rroBtHlll1Ha 113BJI a -
en. 39. - C1'BapaJ-be Ha60pa
npl1 HJBnat.tel-bY 6e3 Apma43 en. 40. - E O<{J}IO c;'l6I1jUl-be Junta npll H3BnaLJE:l-bY
JUD18
Ka'ra ot"raje HeAe<j:lopMHcaHa. TIp>! OBoi Aecl:>opMaL\wjw MOpa npCTeHaCTW
Aeo nJlO'le Aa ce ca<HMa Aa 6H 1I06wo l\HJIWHAPH'l aH 06J1l1K (CJI. 40) . To
3Ha'lH lIa ce JIl1M Mopa 60'IH0 Ca6W'l'H Ha urpacpHpaHo 06eJle<eliHM Me-
CT>fMa, nOWTO je YCJlell OrpaHW'leHOr npOCTopa H3Mel)y npCTeHa >I H3BJla-
Ka'la Cnpe'leHO >f3Bwj aH,e Jnl'Ma. 3a OBO ca6wim'be, Koie ce BpW.1 no lleJlOM
06HMY, nOTpe6Ha i e C11J1a Koja Aej cTBy j e y npaBL\Y oce w3BY'leHOr TeJla.
42
CeM OBe CI1JIe rroTpe6Ha je CI1JIa 3a CaBJIal)J1Bal-be OTrropa Tpea.a.
OTrrop Tpel-ba ja'BJba ce rrpBO ;zw.JK'a'la JIKMa, KOjl1 113a-
311Ba CI1JIY Tpel-ba I13MeI)y ropl-be rrOBpIIIlfl{e .IDIMa 11 AP>Kaqa, Kao 11 113-
Mel)y AOl-be rrOBpWKHe J1 rrpCTeHa 3a J13BJIaqel-be 41) . CeM Tora jaBJba
ce j OUI J1 CI1JIa Tpei'ba Ha J1B'1lli;J1 rrp-
CTeHa rrpeKo Koje KJIK311 JIJ1M rrpl1
J13BJIa'lel-bY
Kao cJIeAel'll1 OTIlOp jaBJba ce
OTrrop rrpeMa ca'BJ1jai'bY JIJ1iMa J1 TO
YCJIeA orumjai'ba OKO !@J1ll;e IIpcreHa
3a 'pI'
KlfO '11 Y paBHI1 HOpMaJLHoj Ha rrpBy
J1 TO OKO rrOJIyrrpe'ffiJ11{a l' 42).
Cn. 41. - DIJIe .. pe,.,a y<:neA
npWI1J10Ka JJ;pma"l3 JIHM3
en. 42. - Ca'Bl1hUhe JlHM3 npJoI
H3BJl3l.Jef-bY
)J;MjarpaM Y'KY'llHe CJ1JIe 113BJIa'lei'ba Y 3a'BKCHOCTJ1 OA xOAa J13BJIa-
Ka'la AaT je H'a CJI. 43 . .llil'HJ1ja 1-2 Ha Al'IjarpaMY O,lJ;rOBapa pa,lJ;HOM xOAY
h J13BJIaKaQa, ,lJ;O'K JII1HMja 2-3 o,ZJ;roBapa Aa-
JbeM XO,lJ;y 113BJIaKa'la, rrpl1 'IeMY ce ca'BJIal)yje
TPei'be 113Me!)y MaTepMjaJIa J1 rrpCTeHa 3a J13-
BJIa'lei'be, 'Y 3 je J13BJIaKa'l y CBOM Haj-
HM)!{eM 'Il0JIO>Kajy, ,lJ;O'K ce OA 3-4 06aBJba rro-
BpaTHK XoOA Y3 ca'BJIaI)KBal-be Tpel-ba J13Mel)y
J13BJIaKa"la K MaTepMjaJIa.
PaAl'l 113HaJIaJKefba AeJIa orrrropa 113BJIa-
'Iei'ba, rrOTpe6Hor 3a ca6Mjaa.e JIJ1Ma y XOPJ1-
30HTaJIHoj pasB'I1, O()lCMaTpahe ce oKpyr JIa nJIO-
'Ia npe 113BJIaqel-ba (>CJI . 44) . Ha npcTElHaCTOM
AeJIY JI'J1Ma, Tj. Ha AeJIY K'ojl1 he ce 60'IH0 Ca6I1-
TJ1, J13ABaja ce eJIeMeHTapHa nOBplID1Hl11.\a
Cn. 43. - ,n;>rjacpa" npo- dx . x . da.
"eRe CI<ne J<3Bna'letba y AKO ce npeTlTOCTa'BJ1 Aa ce ,!\e6JbJ1Ha JIJ1Ma
3 3 SHCHOCTH O.D. XO,tt3
3a BpeMe J13'BJIaqea.a Helle rrpOMeHWl1K, MO>Ke
ce Hanl1CaTJ1 je,lJ;Ha'lKHa paBHOTe>Ke J13Meljy
11 TaHreHl\I1jaJIHJ1X CI1JIa ce y npDI1 Max 3aReMa-pl1
paAl'ljaJIHe
Tpea.e:
. da
d (o,x) dn = 2 o, dxsm -.
2
rAe 0, OOHa'laBa paAl'ljaJIRI1 a 0, TaHTeHl\I1jaJLH'I1 HanOH.
Ao6"dl e ce
11J111
en. 44. - RanOHW npJ1 H3Bna\.f efby
. du. du.
SIO ~
d (a, x) du. = ar dx dc(
xd a, + a, dx= a, dx
dx
d a, = - (a, - a,) - .
x
43
Pa3J1.>fKa HanOHa a, - a, je,!{Ha1<a je cneU;l1qm'iHOM oTnopy Aecpop-
MaU;l1je ko, nOlll'ro ITJlaCTI1'iHa AecpopMaqJ<ja MaTepl1jaJla MO)Ke H3CTaTl1
TeK OHAa, K<l\Il:a pa3J1l1Ka ABa Mel}vco6HO ynpaBHa rJlaBHa HanOHa AOCTl1-
rHe cnel1lfcpl1'-!HIf O'mop AecpbpMau;lfj e ko (Xl1nO'Ie3a MaKClfMaJEHor CMl1'Iy-
her HanoHa) .
Ha OCHOBY ropfher je HanOH y paAl1jaJTHOM npaBU;V
Ha CrrOJbfhoj IfBl1lj1f (x=R) je TSAa HanOH paBaH HYJlM, a Ha y Hy -
Tpawfhoj 1{81f1{1f npCTeffa 3a 1f3BJla'iefhe (x = ,) je pallJ;lfjaJlHIf HanOH
R
a, (x=' i =Jko . ~ x .
x
,
R
a, (x=f) = k
om
in - ,
r
rAe ae 3a k
om
MO}!{e y3e1'J1 apWI'MeTWlKa CpeA'WHa oTnopa
Aecj:>0pMaU;J1je Ha J1BJ1l\11 nJlO'le J1 J1Br,fl\J1 npcTe Ha. MHO}!{el-beM OBOI' H'a-
nORa ca nOBpWJ1HOM npeceKa Ha J1BJ1LJ;J1 npCTeHa ,lI06J1lie ce oHaj
Aeo oTImpa J13BJla'fe1ha ROjl< j e nOToe6 a R 3a ca'6J1jal-be a KCOjJ1 npeTCTaBJba
36wp OBJ1X eJleMeHTapHJ<X pa',lIJ1jaJrHJ1x CJ1Jla Y XOpJ1'30HTaJlHoj paBHJ1.
F'
r
Cpe,l\JtiJ1 crrel..\J1cj:>J1'fHJ1 OTnop ,lIecj:>opMal..\J1je ko" MOfKe ce Halil<, nOA
npe1'nOCTaBKOM ,lIa je ,lIe6.TMIHa JlJ1Ma O,llHOCHO nOBpWUHa OCTaJla KOH-
CTaH"l' Ha, J13 ,lIecpopM<lLJ;J1je Ha CnOJbRoj J1's>ll.\J1 nJfO'le J1 Ha .Y'H)"I'paWl-boj
J1BI1'I..\J1 npCTeHa 3a J13BJl aqel-be 3a He KJ1 XO,ll I<3BJla>4el-ba h'. 3a CnOJbI-bY
lfBJ1'LJ;y je, Ha OCHOBY je,ll'H8KOCTJ1 wpa cj:>l1'paHe nOBpWJ1He JlJ<M3 Ha CJl . 45
ca rr!WUHOM OMOT<I'I<I pa,ll'HOr rrpe,ll'MeTa
" R
o
"-,, I,"= 2,,rh',
r,lle Je Ro nO'leTHH cno H>I nOJl y rrpe'lIfHK, R CnOJbHI< nOJlynpe4HJ1K KOMe
O,llrOBapa XO,ll h' y MaTepl<jaJlY, >lJTJ1
\ r( = If R
o
" -271i'.
en. 45. Oil'Pel)l1saT-be
.rleo.pMa.u:Jtlje cnOJbI-b J1:Bi1 -
l.(e nno'-le
Ha 11CTJ1 Ha'lJ1H HaJla3J1
Xc OHor ,lIeJla JTJ1Ma KOj J1 ce nOCJle
Jlyrrpe'lIfJ1'K J1'3BJlaKa<ra, O.l\'IfOCHO H
J13BJla'lel-be l'
;t .x
o
:.! - :f r:! = 2;t r
46. - O;!lpel)>fsaa.e
AeOpMal..V1.je KO,lJ; J-ftBm;.e
'{"pcTeHa 3a J13BJIa1.rel-be
no eTHor nOJl y npe'lHJ1,Ka
h' cMal-byje Ifa no-
1BJ1l..\e npCTeHa 3a
.ll:ecj:lOpMal.\"'ja
Bpe)J;Rocr
3a
In r + 2h'
45
Y "'3pa3"'Ma 3a nOjaBJhy je ce XO.!1 "'3BJtaKa'!a 11' . OH ce
Mopa o,u;pe,ll;Wl'l1 y 3aB>fOHOC I<! 0.!1 noJtynpe'IH"'Ka 3a06Jhel-ba P, HBI<!l.\e np-
creHa 3a H3BJta'!eFbe H nOJt. peqHl<lKa p" "'3BJtaKa'!a. Kalla 6H J:Ia
"'B>fltI<I n creRa 3 "'3BJta'!e e I<! Ha I<!B>fl.\1<! >l3BJtaKa'!a nOJtynpe'!H"'K
3a06JheFba 6HO Jt'W OlUT a >!B>Il\a OH.!1a M IC )
roPFba nOJtOBl1IRa) liacratlO 61<!
npl<! no;ryITpe'fH>fKY 3a06JheFba
P, ITpeTXO,l11iO 06aB>tjaFbe JtI<!Ma
s
.!1Y>Kl1.He P, +"2 OK'O .!1eJta 3a-
s
06.'beFba .!1Y>K'>rHe JtY,Ka P, +"2 '
paH>e JlWMa y pam""
nocToje 3a06JheFba 0
h '
1==!====== :':!:::::!.lW=-hd
)J;OK li.e ca'MO 3a pa'clJt I<!Ky OJ
% (PI + ; ) - (PI + f) JtI<!M
.y XOpI<!30HTa.'THoj paBlil<! MOpaTI<!
)J;a ce nOMepa (nOCMaTpa ce
cpep;>ba IDIH'>fj a Jt>fMa) . AKO no-
C1'Ojl<! H 3a06JheH>e Po Ha I<!BI<!-
1.{1<1 >f3BJtaKa'!a 47 p ropFba
H )J;oH.a rroJto_Ha) oli,l\a li.e 3a
XO.!1 h = P, + Po + S NOMepafbe
JtffMa y XOpl<!30RTaJtJoj paBR'"
6>fT1<! je,qHB'KO pa3JtH1.{I<I
II ,=_r( (P, + poO s)-
2 -
- (p,+p"+s)=0,5 (P,+PO+S),
3a HeKH X07\ I 3BJta'!efba h
Kojl<! je Beli.>! 0 P,+PO+S
(cJt. 47 c) 6Hli.e n MepaJ-be Jt>fMa
en. 47. - l1BI1Lta Ha xo,n
II ' = 0,57 (P, 4- p, + s) + II - (P, + Po + s) = II - 0, 3 (P, + p, + s).
H a OCHOBY KpHBe ecj:JeKT"'BH>fX HanOHa 'Mory ce Hali.>r o,qroBapajyli.e
Bpe)J;Hocnl ",,= ko, Koje o.!1r OBapajy 113AY)tcefbl1Ma 3a OnOJhfbY I<! yHyTap- \.;
H>y HBI<!l.\Y a Tl1'Me I<! BpeJ\!lo'CT>I 3a k
om
Ta.!1B j e rrpeMa CJt. 48
46
ko, + kOR
2
KpI-IBa ecpeK'I'ldBHHX HarrOHa 3a m:re3aJ-be A06I-fja ce Ha CJI!W'!aH
Ra'rnH KaO 'I-f 3a .rrpYlTl-lmrnBaJ-be. Ha CJl. 48 .n;aTa je IqrnBa ecpeKTldBHMX
x. --------- .. -------tr";>(
I
:
o
. I
",e,"I:/" I
e;v
-- -v-&'
7:
0,1 42 43 0,'1 0,.5 0,6 0,7
en" 48. - Kpl1!Ba eeKT.IIJBH.ylX HanOl-Ja IITPJ-I .
J.1CTeaal-bY
Ha'llOHa v 3aBI-fCHOC'I'Y! 0,11 Y13-
,!\yJKeJ-ba. IIoIlITO ce rrpYl J1"C'I'e-
3aFbY rrOBpUIJiUl'a rrpeceKa CMa-
J-byje, TO je ecpel<TIfBRI-I HanOH
Ao IT rl-, .
cr ,,= cr, . - ...... e'OpMaL\MIJa J13-
A,
, 6.h h,-h
,lIY)l{eJ-ba je E ,= - = --. IIo-
. h h
V
'leTHa BI-IC),fHa h= -, rAe je V
Ao
3anpeMYIRa rrp06Hor TeJla, a Au
nO'leTlrn: rrpeceK. IIacJle Aecpop-
V
Mal1l>1je furhe BI>I'CJ1"Ha h, = - ,
A
J
r ,lle je AI O,llrOBapajytrn rrpe-
cel< rrOCJle OBe ,lIecpopMaQJ1je.
3 aMeHO'M A06J-d\e ce 6' . = Ao. - 1
. AJ
Ao '+1
J1"JI1>l A, = E , . TaAa je ecpeK-
TJ>IlBH:J1 HaiflOH J1"CTroalba cree =
= cr , (e', + 1). (IIpJ1 lf3HaJla)KelhY
ecp8KTJ1BHl-IX 'HanOHa HJ1je Y3eTa y 063Hp Hanpe3aIba 'Ha
I'IBI-I1.11>1 T>13'BJla'l8FDa).
Pa,!J;J1 6p30r, rrpi1"6JlJ1)l(HOr OAOeryJ1Balha BpeAHOC'l'l>l 3a kom Mory ce
I-IC'I'e Y3eTI-I 113 Ta6JI. 2 y 3aBJ1"CHOCTJ1 0,11 AecpopMal.11>1je (OAHOC rrpcTeHacTe
rrOBpWJ1He rrpe'Ma rrOBplIIl>fH1>l rrpB061>ITHe, oKpy rJle rrJlo'le).
Ta6n. 2 - BpeilHocTH 3a kom Y JaBHCHOCTH Oll ne<j>0pMauH)e nH"a (kg/ mm')
Jle<j>opM.UH)a y 0/
0
AnYMHHHYM
DaKap
4enHK C 50. I I (no JUS-y
1':.0545)
C 42.11 (no JUS-y
C.0445)
4CJJHK nCJJHKe HcrerJbH-
DOCTH, jallHHc npH KH-
)laIbY llO 38 kg/ mm'
I I I 5 I 10 I 15 I 20 I 30 I 40 I 50 1
60
\ 80
9 I I 12 13 14 16 17 18 19 20
5 I I 19 23 26 30 33 35 37 40
w ro N U 00 %
45 72 77
I
I 22
80 1 83 87
I
54 I 58 1 61 I
32 58 62 67
48 52 42 28 34 40
KpJ1Ba ecpeKTHBHI>IX HanOHa (KPldBa 'I'e'leEba) MO)Ke ce npeMa 31-1-
6eJIy J1 PajxepTy (Siebel, Reichert) A06J1"TH 1>lCfl1>l'I'J>1lJalDeNf, aKO ce 0,11
JEl>lMOBa Ha'l1>1:HJ1 rraKeT KojJ1 ce 06pal}yje J1 J13JIO)l{;J>j ca61>l-
47
jaFbY y npeCI1 . .l(a 611 ce npl1 ca6l1jaFbY nOCTl1rJla paBHoMepHa Ae<p0pMa-
l..\l1ja CSID< JI>fMosa 6e:! 30Ha OMeTaHOr J.U11pel-ba, nOBpJ.U11He ITpl1-
TIlClrnBa'fa (OAHOCHO aJlaTa) 113pat,yjy ce y BI1,l(y 6J1aror KOHYca yrJla
II.
Harn6a OA OKO 3
0
y3 TIOAMa3l1.Bal-be P<lA11 CMaFbelba rpel-ba. OAHOC -
d.
(CJI. 49) He OMe Aa rrpel'je 'BpeAJfOCT OA 1,5 Aa He 611 Hacryn"-JIO 113BJ1jal-be.
IIpl1 I1CITl1Tl1!BaFbY ce Mepl< Cl1JIa 3a pa3He BpeAHOCTI1 XOJla ca6l1jal-ba 11
AeJbel-beM OBI1X C>I1.n:a 'ca MOMeHTaIHl1M nOspIliJ<-
HaMa rrpeceKa Al BaJbKa A06I1he ce 'OITel1l1<pl1'fHJ<
Ae<PopMaI..\I1'OHl1 OTnOpl<. OArOBapajyll e Ae<P0pMa-
. ,A,-A..
61>fhe to ,= ---, rAe Je Ao ITO 'leTHa ITOBP-
A,
llll1Ha npeceKa BaJb'Ka. IIQlllTO je KC1H'I1'1Hl1M 06Jr11-
KOM aJlaTa Kao 11 I-berOBJ<M nOAMa3l1.Bal'beM C.KCOpO
nOTITYHO YKJlOl-beH YTl11.1;aj rpel'ba Ha AO,!Jilq>H'I1:M
ITOBpllIl1HaMa, TO ce rrpl1 OBa<KB'OM ca6J1jal'bY OA'P-
)Kasa I..\I1Jr11HAPI1'taH 06JIT11{ BaJbKa 6e3 C'I'sapal-ba
I1cnyn'lel-ba Ha 60'fHKM nOBpUIJ<HaMa.
Q!POjl ,:weJiiji. ce, KaO urro ,ie Beh HimpeA
q:a;,btf ;;;;!ftmCTBeHO YCJleA Aej C'i'aa 9JJl-
)Ka'la JI'I1Ma. AKQ ce cl1JIa 3a A'PlKaiLe JIJ1Ma 06e-
Jle)KJ< ca F
I
, ORAa je Cl1J1a 3a APlKal-be JII1Ma fIa
cerMeHTy yrJla dcp jeAHrum
F
d F{ =....J.. dcp.
2"
en. 49. - Ca6J'\iaJ"e
JU1'MOBa J.13Rana-
iKelba lqll1Be e<PeKTl1.B-
HJIIX H3rrOHa
Osa CI1J1a l1(Ja3>ma =op rpel-ba 3a CerMeHT yt'JIa dq> (3a jeA'HY, ropI-bY
HJlYf AOEbY rrOBpI.IDfHY)
fAe je fl. Koe<PJ<I..\YfjefIaT Tpefua Ha paBHYfM nOBpllI'l1'HaMa A'P>Ka'la JIi11Ma 11
rrpCTe.Ha 3a 113SJIa'lel-be. IIonrro, MeljYTl1M, rroCToj'l1 TpeI-be 11 ca ropl-be 11
ca ,!(OI-be crpase JIJ1IMa, TO je OTnop TpeI-ba 3a raj eJleMeHaT
F
of' = 2 }>o . ....J.. . d'p
2"
2,
F" = 2'}1. -.J.. dcp = 2'}l.' F{ .
FJ
2"
o
YKY'J1Ra Ol1JIa 113SJla'leam, Koja Aej.cTByje y npaBI..\Y JlYfMa I>fcrrpeA
HBl1I..\e rrpcTeHa (Tj. xopl130HTaJIHo) je Ta'Aa
Fo=F'+F"
rAe je F' YAeo C>I1J1e i13'BJIa"lelba, nOTpe6aIH 3a ca6I1jaI-be:' (PaA jaHolle
HaI.qYraHa je DBa qJlJIa Ha CJI. 50 a CaMO Ha je,ItHOM MeCTy, AOK je DBa y
CTBapl1 pasHoMepHo pacrropeljeHa ITO l1eJlOM 06J<MY). Y<CJleiJ; TpeI-ba Ha
48
caMoj npCTeHa 3a K3BJIaqelbe nOBenaBa ce OBa CKJIa 0,11 Fo Ha F
(CJI. 50 a).
Tpelba He KBJ1W1 HaJI1l311 ce nOCMaTpalbeM paBHOTeJKe CKJIa
Ha eJIeMeHTY Y'I'JIa da (CJI. 506). HOpMaJIHK OTnop Ha OBOM eJIeMeHTy je
dF
N
, a CKJIa Tpel-ba = dFT AKO ca
AeClHe C'l'paHe, Tj . 110rrpeA l1.BMl\e K3BJl'a- ! df;,
qel-ba ,l\ejcTBy je CI1JIa F, ca JIeBe CTpaHe
YCJIe,l\ TpeFba OBa C}lJIa ce rrOBenasa Ha
F+dF. vb YCJIosa paBHOTeJKe X0pw30H-
TaJl'ID1X CKJI a ,l\06K!;.e ce
!
CJI . 50a.
CJI. 506
Y"THQa j TpeJ-b3 Ha M.BWU, W npCTe Ha 33 113BJIa"le!-be
,
_ dc< + c: ( _ do.
- -COS - p. -d'
N
= ,- + dF) cos -
2 2
de<
p.-dF
N
= dFcos -": .
2
AK'O ce 360'1' MaJIOr yr JIa du craBK
da
cos -.:::: 1,
2
,lI06l>1he ce
dF=:::: p.- dF
N
_
3a rrpaBalI ynpaBaH Ha rrpBo6KTHK ,l\o6YiJ;e ce 113 YCJNlBa paBHOTeJKe
BePTI1KaJrHJ1X C'I1JIa
dF
-F - dC( + (F . do.
N= - Sln -- +dF}-sln - _
2 2
do.
3601' MaJIOr yrJI a L MOlKe ce CMa1'paTl1 ,l\a j e
.!10K ce BPe,!lHOOT
_ dn dC/.

2 2 '
dF -
:2
MO)!{e 3aHeMapwrl1 KaO MaJIa BeJl11'UfHa APyror peAa. TaAa je
dFN=Fdrr.
F= d FN .
do.
EJIeMelITapHl1 JIYK ds = P,' drt. Tj.
do. =
P,
.l(e06oM ropHMX jewa'lMHa 11 3BMeHOM M3pa3a 3a do. A06Hhe ce
dF }1dF
N
ds
- = --_ . do. =}1do. =}1 - .
F dF
N

Jlbrrerpal.\l1ja y IlPamfi.\aMa OA Fo F Aaje
F s
J
dF =J}1' ds HJ\H
F P,
F, '
F }1 . S
111--=--,
Fo . P,
OAHOCHO Bep'l1I1>Ka'JIHa CJ1JIa 6Mhe, rrOUITO je S = PI . 0. ,
49
If
3a a. = '2 A06Mhe ce 113pa3 3a CJ1JIY M3BJIB'IeJ-ba c 06311POM Ha TpeJ-be
Ha MBMl.\l1 W3'BJIa'IeI-ba _-------------_..
. .,
11 -
F=Fo.e 2=={F'+F").e 2=
R
= (2'1f"' S' kom 111 - + 2'110 ' F
,
) ' e" '2
Y M3pB3Y 3a F FMje y:leTa y o6:mp CHJIa norrpe6Ha 3a caBl1jaI-be
oko I1Bl1l\e npCTeHa 3a M3BJIa'IeJ-be. 3a TaHKe 11 BeJrMKe nOJry-
npe'lIDIKe KpMBMHe P, MO)!{e ce osaj Aeo YK)"IIHe OJ1JIe 3BHeMaopl1'I'l1.
ITpeMa Bajcsemepy (Beisswal1ger) ce CJ1JIa caaHjaI-ba MO)!{e OAPeAl1TI1
npeMa
f
F
'" ., k
m
= 1f " ' S-, p,
rAe ce cpeAfuH Cnel.\I1<pH'IHI1' AecpopMal.\HOHI1 OTnop k
m
AY)!{ 3ao6JheJ-ba
rrpcreHa 3a 113BJIa'IeJ-be HaJIa311 113 Kpl1Be ecpeKTI1BHHX HarroHa.
rOpJ-b11 06pa3Bl.\ MMa CBOjy Ba)!{HOCT caMO OHAa 'a'l<o je no.rrynpe'lH'HK
KpltIBl1He PI 3HaTHO Behl1 OA Ae6JbI1He JrMMa s.
4 M a wHHe 3 JI3TKe
50
y pa,!\OBWMa 3
R
l!arrOH 'Ca cr,= 0",, 111 - Ha cr,= I, I
,!\ecP0pMalV1OHY :rry;a M3BJTa' leJ-be
eJi Kopl1ry je 113pa3 3a pa,!\l1jaJI'HM
R
om' In - , Tawo ,!\a M3pa3 3a YKYITrry
r
06311POM Ha ca6Mj aJ-be 11 T-peJ-be Y
1ffiMl.\e rrpCTeHa 3a I13B'JIaQeJ-be
e ,!\06l1j a 06JmK 3a npBY oITepal.(J1j y
XOpl130HTaJTHoj p BlH'M, Ha TpeJ-be ORO
M C 063I1poM Ha ca '
y 3aBWCHOCTI1 O,!\ MaTepJofj aJIa aJIaTa
eTa 110Bpurl1lfa M Ha_Ha no,w.ta311-
CJI . 51) ,!\aj y 11
3pa3 KOjM Y311Ma y 063I1p 60"iHQ ca-
11 aJi aTa Kao M CaBJofjaJ-be OKO MBJoI1.\ e
JlaQelbe y OBI1M onepal.\Mj aMa BPWK
Ko,!\ ,!\pyre 11 ,!\aJbMX on ce
1
dn- l
n - - MOOKe rrpH6.JDDKHO 3 MeHJofTM ca
d
n
51
Y. 113pa3Y 3a 0I1JIY apl1
a rrpl1TI1CHyTe npCTeHaCTe
CneU;I1<pI1'IHI1 npl1TI1CaK P Kpel\e ce
npl1 'leMY OBe rpaHl1l.\e Mary 611T11 11 3HaT
ce ce Ha Talbe JUI'MOBe.
3.,.6eJI ,lI"aje 113pa3
Do
P Y 3aBMCHO'CTJoI 0.1\ O,ll"Hoca
(/J
p= - 1)"
[kg/ em"]
rAe j e OM Y kg/rnm
2
OHa ja'lJolHa M KOjy MaTepJol-
ja.n JoIMa ITpe .1\e<pO'pMau;l1je.

I1ptt ..... ep. UOTpe6Ro je o,ll"pe,l\l1'I1l1 CI1JI Y 'JoI3BJIa'lelba 3a JIJ1iM anOJblber
npe'lliMKa (y pa3BI1jffifoM CTalbY) Do=60 mm 11 npe'l'HMKa M3BJIaKa'l'a
d=30 mm. ,n:e6JbMHa JIl1Ma je s=1 mm. Ma'repl1jaJI je 'leJI.lof'lHH JII1M 3a
113BJIa'lelbe ja'Ul'He up/" KI1A"alby' .1\0 38 kg/mm. Koe<pl1IJ;I1jeHT TPelba
rrpe-rITOCTMlJba ce f1 = fl.o = 0,1. Cpe.1\1b11 cneU;:I1<pI1'lID1 OTnop o,ll"pe,n;:i1he ce
npM6JIIDKHO Ha OCHOBY Ta6JI. 2 M3 O,ll"Hoca npCTeHaCTe rrOBplIDfHe rrpeMa
u;eJIoK}'ITHaj . Ta.1\a je
(Do" - (/,") -
100 = 60" - 30" . 100 = 75"10
2. D " 60"
4 0
OBOj .1\e<PopMaU;JoIjM O.1\rOBapa kOn> = 60,25 kg/ mm".
CMJIa .1\p'lKaQa JlI1Ma je
F, = 2. - (/,")'p
4
p = (0,2 -:.. 0,3) 2 - 1 + 0,5 - -"- OM = (0,2 -+- 0,3) - - 1 +
[(
D ) " (/ ] [(60 ) "
. (/, 100 s 30
+ 0,5 . 38 = 8,8 -:- 13,2 kg/ em
2
1001
YCBajalbeM P = 12 kg/cm" ,lI"06Jo1l'ie cpo
F, = 0,785 (60" - 30")0,12 = 254 kg.
4"
52
OTnop W3BJIaQelba 3a npBy onepauwjy 6wl'le.
R :'I j( r s:! . k
m
F = [(2,2 ;r. (. s kOn' In - + 2 F,) e" 2 + ------'::...
( p,
lll'I'0 ca kom=km=60,25 kg/ mm2 w ca p,=5mm Aaje
30
F, = [(2,2 3, 14 15160,25 .ln
15
+ 2.0,1254).1,17 +
+ 3,14 15 1"60,25 = 5520 kg
5
YKyurna OWJIa Fu KOjOM npJITMC!G1BaQ AejCTByje Ha 3JIaT je,lJ;lia'Ka
je 36wpy CHJIe 143BJra'lelba w OHJIe AP}Ka'la JIJfMa Te je
Fu = F, + F, = 5520 + 254 = 5774 kg.
,l{e<j'Jop.M.au,uo'liu pac) npu U3BAa'ielOY. Ha OCHOBY CHJIe H3BJIa'lelba,
M3pa'lYRaTe 3a pa3.IDf'rnTe BpeAHOCTM XOAOBa, MO}/{e ce KOHCTpY14caTII
aJ
--.1

-n
en. 51 a, 6. - ,l(wjarpaMH 3aSHCHOCTJiJ CJ1JIe
J13BJIaqetba XO,ll;a: a - 3a npsy onepaql1jy.
b - (3a ,lIaJbe onepatlJ<je
,r:r;marpaM 3aBWCHOCTI1 CWJIe OA
XOAa. Ha CJI. 51 a AaT je AM-
jarpaM OBe 3a1BHOHOCTH 3a np-
By onepawrjy a -Ha CJI'. 51 ib 3a
,r:r;PYTY, O,r:r;HOCHO 3a AaJbe one-
IIJIaHHMeTpKca:H>eM Ta-
K!O ,r:r;06MjeHe I'loB'purn:He, orpa-
HM'IeHe KPHBOM K K{)OpJ\'I'IHaT-
HOM OCOM, A06J1he ce Aecpop-
MaUMOHH paA I13BJIa'lelba.
Pa.A MO-
}Ke ce Hatili M H3 je):IHa"fKRe 3a
):1ecpopMaUHOID1 paJ:I Ha.I}eH Y
cJIe,!(el'leM 06mncy 3a cafurjallbe
Y XJIaAHOM CTalbY
h,
W = vfk
o
dJI.
. h
h,
OBaj M3pa3 B<\}/{M H 3a K3BJIa-
'Ielbe, axo ce MeCTo roplber
wFITerpaJIa CTaB'J1
.'
f
'
a= ,
Bpell'H()1CT I1'HTerpaJIa MO}/{e ce ,
HaliM rpacp>f'l'Kl1.
3anpeMHHa V (AecpopMMcaHa 3<\npeM1l1Ha) W3 w3pa3a 3a AecpopMa-
UHOHH paA j eAHa'K<\ je
53
rile je s - ile6JbO>11ia JlHMa, a r W Ro npeMa CJI . 52 w:3BJla-
Ka'ta >I He,u;e<j:>opMMCalH"Or JfWiMa "Fe je TeopMoKw ile<j:>OPMa1.\lWH'W PM
R,
HI, = 2" s J x dx lal;,='"7.
CTBapHW ilecpopMal.\MOHW PM, y3w-
Maj yhw ':I o6::rup Tpelbe Ha WBWl.\W
11"313J1a'telba, ,n:06wja ce MH'QJKe-
Kao '>I 3a CMJlY W3BJla'telba :
" ; =:I .,s j:dX [U]o" ='"7. e"i.
r
OBaj ce w3pa3 'MO:>Ke Habw
Ha OCHO'BY KpJolBe ecjJeKTJo1jJ3H'WX
HanOHa lllTO be '6W"TW npJ1Ka3aHO
Ha CJleilebeM n2,=epy.
en. 52. 03HaKe KOA oApeljJ1Balha
3anpeJl.Ull-Ie V
n p,,",ep. 3l:! MaTe-pwjaJl, 'twja je emeKTJ1BIDIx HarrOHa ilaTa Ha
CJI. 53, Hanw ,L\ecjJ0pMal.\WOHW pail aKO je ile6JbWHa JrnMa s=1 mm, Ro=30
.90 tOO
E'%
en. 53. - KpHsa eeKTlIIBHJoI X HanOHa Jot oApeI,J,maJ-be BPCA-
HOCTI1 -a 33 6poj HJ1 npJ1MCp
mm, r=15 mm, ,u = 0,1. Paill< JlaKLUer W3HaJla:>Keiba ilecjJopMal.\WOHOr paila
Ha'tfIDbeHa je Ta6J1. 3.
54
Ta6n. :5 - 113H8.a",efbe Ae<ll0p .. aUHOHOr paAa npeM. 6pOjll OM npHMepy ,
.' -
x x
x
I
J x adx
2 . . s . J x . adx 2
.- J
x
x a ;tS e 2 x adx
10 -

x a
r
I
[mml r
r r

[kg l [kgml [kgml
-- - -
I 2 3 4 5 6
7
1
15 0 0 0 0 0 0
18 18.2 4,9 88 128 0,8 0.9
21 33,6 11 ,3 237 638 4 4,7
I
24 47 17,7 425 1628 10,2 12
I
27 58,6 23,6 637 3158 19.9 23,2
30 69,4 29,5 885 5408 34 40
,
Y pyfjPl1KY 1 yH'OCe ce pa3ID1 DA r AD Ro. Pyopl1Ka
2 Aaje BpeAHDCTI1 Aec.popMaU;l1ja 10'= In %, AOK ce Y PyoPl1U;I1 3 HaJra'3e
r
3a
<'
a =J ko d 10'
o
y rpaHwu;a'Ma 0.0; 0 s.' = In ..:... . Bpe,qH'OCT OBor J1I1-ITerpaJIa HaJTa3J1
r
113 CJr. 53, me cy DpAl1HaTe ko, a arrcI.J;l1ce AecpDpMaI..\I1:ie 10 ' y %. Hanp.
3a x= 18 mm HaJra311 ce AecpDpMaql1ja
10' = 18,2 10'
r
Ta,p;a wpacpl1paHa nDBpIll'WHa OrpaHI1'leHa Kpl1BDM ecpBKTl1BHYlX Ha-mJ.Ha,
KODPAI1HM'lrnM acaMa 11 BepnfKaJlDM 113 18,2% wpacpI1p8.1m rrDBp-
illl1Ha) , Aaje BPe,l\HotT 3a a y kg/ mm' 'I'j . 4,9. 3a CJleAehl1 nDJlyrrpe'lIDIK
x = 21 mm TRa)IUI ce rrospwl1!Ha O'I1BI1'leHa KpI1BDM, KDDpr,l\I1HaTffi1M ocaMa
11 Bep'I'KK-<lJIOM l13 33,6% (npBa 11 A'Py ra wpacpwpaHa ITOBplIIWHa) WT;Z:\. Py-
OpWKa 4 Aaje ITpOI13BDA PYOpI1Ka 1 11 pyopm<e 5 AOol1ja ce
l13 Al1jarpaMa (CJl . 54), aKD ce KaD DPAI1HaTe HaHDce BpeAHOCTI1 X a, a
KaD arrCqI1ce BPe,l\HOC1"l1 3a x. TaAa 3a x = 18 nDBpWJ1iFfa DrpaHW-IeHa !<p11-
BDM, arrCI.J;l1'OHDM DCOM 11 BepTl1KaJlDM 113 x = 18 Aaje ape,n;HDCT l1H'I'erpaJla
11 'I'D 128 (rrpBa wpacpl1palfa nDBpWYIHa Ha CJl. 54). 3a x=21 Aoul1he ce
Tpa:>KeHrr-l l1R'l'erpaJl KaD nOBpWl1Ha DrpalUf'{eHa KpJofBDM, arrCI.J;JofCHDM DCOM
11 BepTl1KaJrDH Jof3 X= 21 (rrpBa 11 Apyra wpacpI1paHa nDBpWl1.Ha) I1TA. TeD-
PI1CKI1 AecpapMaql1DHY! pa;!:1 ;!:106r1'he ce 113 pyoPl1Ke 6, A'DK pyopwKa 7 Aaj e
CTBapHI1 AecpDpMaU;I1DHI1 paA C D0311POM Ha 'I'pel-be.
PaA rrOTpe6aH 3a CaBJlat,JofBalbe Tpel-ba YCJleA ABj'C'I'Ba AP:>Ka'la Jll1Ma,
a KDjl1 AD caAa lUI'je y3eT y D6311P, HaJla311 ce 113 (lMJl e AP:>Ka'la JlHMa F"
,\KD ce AP:>Ka'l JIWMa rrpwrl1cKYie nDcpeACTBDM Te'HfDC'fI1 I1J1'11 Ba3Ay xa nDA
npwrI1CKDM, 11.1111 !<py-rnM AP:>Ka'leM Kao KDA npeca ca ,l\BOCTpyKI1IM Aej-
55
CTBOM, 6>1i1e C>lJIa AP>Ka'Ja Jr>lMll KOHCTaH'l'Ha 3a CBO BpeMe >l3BJIa'ieJ-ba.
KOA ,n:p>Ka'Ja JI>lMa ca onpyroM = rYMOM 6>1i1e O>lJIa AP>Ka'Ja JI>lMa 33
BpeMe >l3BJIa'Je>ha ,!"pOMeHJb>IBa y 3aB>lCHOCT>I OA XQ,n:a. C>lJra AP>Ka'Ja

f
J5mm
x
en. 54. - BpeAHocTH S x a d x npeMa 6POjHOllii
r
npl1Mepy
O-d
.JT>lMa F, >l3a3>IBa C>lJIY Tpel-ba 21,F" AOK je paATe c>lJre Ha nYTY --2--
3a c.ny'Jaj 'KOHCT3HTHe CJ1JIe ,n:p>Ka'Ja Jr>lMa jeAHaK
W:=Jl.F,{O-d).
OBaj ce paA YCJIeA Tj>eH.a Ha KBHl\l'l >l3BJra'Jel-ba nOBellaBa Ha
n
\,1/,= 1,F,e" 2 (0 - d).
06paAa caB>ljall.eM
06pBAa caB>lja}beM offa;':"y '06PBAY TIJIaCT>I''JHOM Ae<popMaQl1joM,
l1p>l ce BP= C_O .rrOK'a'JIHO Meljyc06HO TIOMepa}be 'qoje>,n:Jot'}{>IX Ae-
.JT>Iha MaTepwjaJIa >I TO Ha MeCTY AejCTBa cl>IJre. OBa BpCTa o6pB\qe HaJIa3>1
rrp>IMeHY HapO'{J>lTQ rrp>l 'C<l<B>lj-al'b Y Jr>IMOBa pa,n:1>I ,n;o6l>fj alba pa3JJ'1>1'i1>1T1>IX
nPo<P>lJIa, 3aT>IM TIp>l KpYJKHOM caBl>fjal-bY JrI>IMOBa paAI>I I>I3PBAe A06oll1a
3a pe3epBoape >I KOTJIOBe, Kao >I mm >lCTIpaBJbBlbY Jl'>lMOBa. 06pa,n:a ca-
'Bl>fja>heM MO>Ke .n:a ce KoM6l>1Hyje >I ca rrpOCeI.18l-beM.
TIpeMa pB<AHOr rrpe,n:MeTa pa3J1'11J.."Yjy ce CJIeAelle BpCTe ca-
'Bl>Ijalba: /
1) <pa.30HCKO caBl>IjaH.e V
2) KpY>K'HO cBB>ljalbe
3) ID1lIIDBa. V
MqMoli
ax
caslIJlllba. TIOTpe6aH 3a cB1l>1jal-be He'KOrll1Ta<na
paBaH MOMeHTY YHYTaP>b>lX c>lJra
56
+l!.
2
M = f z CJdA;
"
- 2'
ril:e je (CJl . 55) dA=b' dz - rroaplIDlHe, b - lID1pmm, h BI1-
CMHa WTana, Z - OTCTojruhe eJleMeHTa rrOBplllMHe dA Oil: 4JeyrpaJllie oce,
a CJ - Harrpe3albe MaTepl1jaJla Y TOM eJleMeHTY. 3a CaBHjalbe y '06J1acTI1
eJiaCTH'IIDIX H3rJIeil:ahe rrpoMeHe Hanpe3a:lba y
3aBWCHOCTH Oil: OTCTOjalba Z rrpeMa CJl. 56 a. ilPH rroTJIYlH'O >IIJIaCTWIHOM
----.
b
Cn. 55. - Ollpeljl<;;a",e
MOMeHT3 c3BI1jal-h3
C3BWj3lbY MO)Ke ce rrpeTrrOCTaBHTM il:3 cy
H3rrrpe3Gl'lba 3a CBe eJleMeHTe K'O!H"CTaH'NIa M
j e)l;H3Ka cr F Tj. Ha<rrpe33lb y H3 rpaJID!l.\l1 pa'3-
BJIa'1elba (CJI . 56 b) . Y CTBapM ce rrpl1 <:aBI1-
jalbY Helle YBeK CBW eJIeMeHTI1 rrJl3'<:'I'W'lH0
il:ecj:>OPMMC3TW, Bell caMO CnOJblbH il:0 113BecHe
il:Y6I1He, il:0K YHYTapIbW oCTajy Y rpalHMl..\aMa
eJIaCTWIIDIX il:ecj:>opMaw1ja. ,L\MjaTpaIM
rrpe3alba 3a TaKBy eJiaCTM'lH'o-nJl3CTW'I'HY
il:ecj:>opMaJ..\1'l.iv il:aT je Ha CJI. 56 c; oBaj )l;Hja-
rpaM ce 6e3 BeJIM Ke I'pellIKe IJ;pTaTM
ynpoillheHo rr0il: il:a Harrpe-
3aJba Koja Oil:I'OBap,ajy rrJIaCTI1'1iHoj il:ecj:>op-
MaIJ;HjM oCTajy KOHCTa'HTHa W je,!I;HGl'Ka CJF,
Tj. Hanpe3al-bY Ha rpa'HMI.\w pa3BJla"!elba M TO
il:0 oTcTojal-ha ZO Oil: Hey'Ilpaome ace, rrocJle
'fera HacTaje 06J1la'CT eJiaCTl1'l'HMX ,'1emOpMal.\'l1ja (CJI. 56 d).
a) b) c) d)
EEl tlJ-
6; 6; 0,
en. 56. - IIpoMeHa Hanpe33H:.3 y 33Sl1CHOCTH OoA OTcToj3Fba eJIeMeJ-lTa O,D. HeyTpaJJHe
ace: a) en3CTWtHa neqlOpM3Ql1ja, b) DJI 3CT14l.fHa Aecpopl\1aLV1ja, c) enaCTI1l.JHQ-nJIa-
.n; eopM34J..lj a, d) Kao nop, c) caMO ynpowheHO npeTCT3SJbeHO
MOMeHT 3a eJIaCTI1'ffi10 nJlaC'IlI1'fHO caBwjaI-be ,jeil:H3IK je 36wPY MOMe-
HaTa 3a eJIaCTM'lHM J;l TTJl3'CTI1'UN< ):leo 11 TO:
" 2
dA +2 rap z dA.

Y npBoM Jo1HTerpaJIY a rrpeTCTaBJba l-ranpe3a'lbe Ma y KOM eJleMeH'i'y
I!I3Me!)y 0 M zoo AK'o j e a F Harrne3aJbe Ha rpalH'I1IJ;11 Be.JliWlU!X ):Iecj:>opMau;Mja
6Hhe Harrpe3aJbe
57
TaAa ce j eAHa'iaHa 3a MOMeHT casajafba MO>Ke TlI1CaT>l y 06J1I1KY
h
Zo "2
M=ap[J z"dA+ 2 J Z dA ] =aF(W+S),
o z,
y aarpa.Qf rrpeTCTaBJba eJlaCTJ1'I'H()-rrJlaCTl1'1lrn OTllOPH>l
MeHaT, rrpa '1eMy rrpBa '1JI'aH rrpeTCTaSJba OTTlOPHI1 MOMeHaT W eJlaCTa'IHO
AecpOpM>fCaHO>r AeJJa y oWfocy Ha 'HeYTPaJrHy ocy, AOK je APYI'I1 '1J1aH S
CTaT>t'!101: M'oMeHT ITJla'CTI1'IHO Aeq,()'f}MaCa1fOr 'AeJla npeceKa y OAHQCY Ha
HeyrpaJI'Hy ocy.
3a TlJ2.aB raOHJ1 je
ilpa _rrOTTlYHO r Jla'CTJ-f'lHOj Ae<POPMaIJ;l1jJ1 j e Zo = --, Te j e
r
. 2
Tj . M = ap' l'Ae j e W OTTlOpHM MOllfeHM' ilpa rrOTrryHO TlJIa-
CTWllHOj AecpopMal.\Mi11 Te je M=a
p
.b
4
Tj . M=ap' S JlAe je
S CTaTl1'1XI1 rrpeceKa. IIpeMa TOMe ce MOMeHT casl1jafba 3a eJla-
CTa'lHO"TlJIa.9"I'JH'Y >HaJla3a I1'3Meljy a p ' W Hap' S.
ca"Buime, OSAe lie ce rrOCMaTpaTa anoYTaoHO CaBJ1-
ja>be Jll:IMa rrpeMa CJl. 57 a. IIpe rrO'leTK'a CaSJ1jafba AJ-rPyje JlJ1lIf AOfbl1,
O,1J;HOCHO rOpfbl1 Aeo KaJJYfla 3a carorjafbe 11 TO H MeCTaMa rro'les 07\
rrpeJla3a 3ao6Jbefba y rrpaBJ1 ,1J;eo. " a 6a ce w.ma 3'J1J1a CI1J13, rrQlrpe6Ha
3a casl1jrube, ce P3A c a e.neMeHTapHO'M flY7'Y
- XOlJ,y ropfber Ka:nyrra.
ilpeMa jeAHa'lJ1HI1 paAa je paA
. F
JlJ1Ma 3a da JeAHaK P3AY ClIJle 2" Ha
.D:yoaaa ynJla'lefba je z=a - OC
I1peMa CID11.l;11 j e
OC = 00 = OE _ ED = _ a_
H Ta.ll.a je Z = a -
ilpeua TOMP. j e
a CI1Jla casl:fja>ba
..-
I1j afba M rrpl1 caBl1j afb y
Mda dz.
2
cos 0:
ad
dz = -----
J +- sin (T.
58
l\II)Mewr casl1jal-ba 3a MaTepl1jaJl npaBoyraoHor rrpeceK8i J.IrnpWHe 1 je
S2
M = S'OF=- 'OF
4
. . i
rro.l\ 'npffi'rrOCTaBKoM nJlaC'T'I<f'IHe rl\e Je (Sp Harrpe3aH>e MaTe-
pl1jaJla Ha rpamill;U pa3BJla'le'l-ba, rrpu '1eM)' ce 'MO>Ke Y3eTJ>1 .l\a je 0 F"",O,8 OJ
( Of - J a"rnHa MaTepil1] aJIa
rrpT-l caBujaI-bY) 3aMeoHQM w.3- ij I
pa3a 3a MOMeHaT ,lI06Mhe ce ,
CUJIa caaujali>a 3a i "';'
. J.IDfPI'1!H e :
Ha rrO"leTKY CaB'l1jali>a
'Tj . 3a y rao (1=0, C11J1a CaBI1-
jal-ba je HajMaIi>a 11 JI!l1M
UIl1pl1He b F= Cl F s- . b ,
20
AOK je 3a (1=90 CI1J1a
F= ClFs
2
b .
a
AKO cy n03JHaTa 3ao6Jbel-ba
l1ID!l.\a p, H P2 MO>Ke ce Ta-
Aa Hahl1
a = P, + P2 + s.
IIoJIynpe'lHWK 3ao6Jbel-ba,
YKOJlID{{) Hwje HapO"lUTO
rrpOITT-ICaIH 06.JI.WKOM pa.l\HOr c:,
.npe,llMeTa, M)>Ke ce Y3eTl1
..3a MeKU '1emt_11 JFl1M
P, = P2 = 4,5 s,
P, = P2 = 3, I s,
a 3a 6aKapHl1
a)
b)
P, = P2 = 3,5 s.
en. 57. - ITpaBoypaoHo ca:BMjaf-be JIJtlMa
IIpeMa rO'pl-beM ce Bl1.l\11 l\a hI! CI1J1a caBMj al'ba 611TI1 . MaJj()Cl1'l\iaJDHa rrpl1
OWTpKM T-IBl1l.\aMa. \
CI1J1a HaljeHa Ha Ha'IT-IH O.l\rOBapa CTBapHoj Cl'rJIT-I caM) OH.l\a,
aKO rrpl1 KpajFbeM XOlIY calBHjalba MaTepJ.1jaJI He no.n,JTOTy Ka-
Jlyna (CJI , 58 a). MeljyTIDII, aKO je KaJIy;rr ca CTpaHe 3aTBopeH pa,llT-l
Ao6l1jali>a nOTnYHO paBHor .l\Ha 11JIT-1 Wfa OAPeljeHor o6J1lllia (CJI. 58 b),
MO>Ke HaCTaTI1 TBP.l\11 Yl\a'j) 11 Ta,lIa ce CI1JIa rraaehaBa 11 .l\0 t,5 nyTa. OBO
59
ce MOJKe H36ehH aKO ca A5FFle e, nOCTasH J06BQlffia'l ca onpyroM
(c.n. 58 c). HajBeha CHJIB y onpy:m H36a.QI1Ba'l"a IQR'OCH OKO 25 -;.. 30% OA
CHJIe oamjllH>a. IIp11 ropFbeM npopa'lyHY Ol1JIe camrj'alba IDIje y3eT y
06:mp lYNTop -rpeFb!J. W3Mel)y JMMa ,H aJIaTa.
L ;ii/eel? ed!'" i'7ie I..J;HJb je osor Ha'll1Ha CaS>fjaFba Ao611jaFbe KPYJK
HHX oIiJa 3a KOT OBe HJIH pe3epsoape. Kao aJIaT ynOTpOOJbasajy ce
.BaJbqH. Ha CJI. 59 npeTCTaS.lbeHo je casl1jaFbe Jil1'Ma ca TP!i SaJbKa.
en. 58. - a) OTBopeH Kanyn,
b) 33TBopeR KaJIyn. c) KaJtyn
ca I-136aL{HsaQeM
Cn. 59. - KpY)f{HO C3Bl1jal-be
JIHM3
lib MOMeHTa 3a nJIaC'lI>l'lHO caBHjaFbe MOJKe ce Halm
CHJIa Fd Koja AejCTsyje Ha jeAaR AOFbI1 SaJhaK, Kao 11 CI1JIa Ha rOplb11
SaJhBK F.:
.ll:a 611 ce HaWJIa speAHOCT MOMeHTa casl1jalbB
nOTpeOHO je HBaH zo Tj. rpaffiof'IHy 30HY eJIa'CTI1'fRe 'M nJIBC"I'>I'fHe Aecpop-
Ma.Ql1je .
.ll:e<PopMaql1ja eJIeMeHTa Ha oCTojaFbY zu OA HeyTpaJI!He Oce je
"0 noWTO Ha rpaHH1.(J>l nponOpl.\>IOHaJIHOCTI1 jow SJIaAa X y Kos 3aKOH.
E
(IIpeTnocTasJha ce Aa je Harrpe3aFbe 'Ha rpaH'ID.\'Jol pa3SJIa'leJf>a rJ F np116J1H-
h<HO je,!lHaK'O Ha'l1pe3aFbY Ha nponOpqHORaJJ1{OCTl1 rJ p )
.ll:ecpopMal.ll1ja 1'0 MOJKe ce 113pa3H'I'I1 11' nOMoli y nOJI y npe'fHHKa KPH-
SMRe caBHjeHQr eJIeMelITa (CJI. 60):
60
Zo do.
p dn p
. <JF
Zo = p. Co = P . Ii '
Te je CMJla Koja ,lIejC'l'Byje Ha ,lIOI'bM BaJbaK
a CMJla ropl'ber BaJbKa
_ b (h" p' . <J /. " , f(
F. = 2 <J F . I 4 - 3 . E-::- ) cos :2
Cn. 60. - ,necPopM3Ql1ja eJIeMeHTa
JUIMa
AKO ce ca'BMjal'be Bpl..l.rn Ha
npec'i1 3a casKj'al'be (CJI , 61), HaJla3M ce
CJ;iJl a Ha MCTM Ha_H Kao M 3a BaJbKe a
npE-Ma je,llHa'fMHM
F/
M = = (J F' (IV + S)
4
Ia(,VPQB e 01/ IIpM OBOj
.onepal1M.l11 BpUl'l1 ce M'CnpaBJbal'be
CJI . 61. - KpYJKHO ca-
BJ1jaFtJe Ra cneQl1janHoj
npecH
MCKPMBJb6HJ;1)( .IDl'Mosa TaJla'CaCTor 06Jlli'Ka) nporryUI'l'al'beM M3-
Mel)y BMllIe BaJbaIKa .(CJI. 62). ,n:a fu! ce O,llpe,llMJle OMJle Koje ,lIejCTByjy Ha
noje,llJ1.He BaJhlKe, '1lorpe6Ho je npBO Halm M'OMeHTe caBMjal'ba Jl'WMa Ha
noje,llMHJ>fM npecel..\'l1!Ma.
MOMeHaT Ha npBOM M n-TOM npecel<Y pa'B:3JH je HyJIJ1, ,lIOK ce 3a
.lIPym M Tpeli'i1 rrPeceK Mo>r: np
eM
9 qemwQlilV
M" = <JF'S l
f,lle je S CTaTVI'HGI MOMeHT. QBO je no,ll npeT1TOCTa'BKOM ,lIa Ha TMM Me-
CTl1Ma HaCTaje nOTrryHo nJlaCTM'l'Ha ,lIemopMaL\I'Ija nOlliTO je Ta,lIa JTI1M
jOlll Y Mep'i1 HCKpMBJbeH.
3a npe<I'l1OCJle,llI'bM BaJbaK MOlKe ce Y3eTM
J
61
r ile j e W O'l'nopIDI MOMeHT rrpeceKa, Tj . rrpeTnOCTaBJba ce Ila j e Ha TOM
MeCTY llecpopMal..\Hj a eJJaC'!'>I 'I Ha.
CJJ. 62. - J1cnpaSJb8fbe m1M3
3a rrpeceKe, KOjl1 ce HaJJa3e 11 3Meljy 3 11 n -1 npeceKa, Kpeliy ce
MOMeJro'1 113Me\)y !4 ' oS I H a F ' W, Te 611 I1X Tpe6aJJo pa'l HaTI1 rrpeMa
o6pacl..\ yLM= a)' ( W+STI M eljyTWM, nOWTO je nJJaC'J1I1'1Ha llecpopMal..\>!ja Ha
TI1M MeCTM1Ma He3HaTHa, rrpe:a U emm}?ljY npeTnOCTaBlIT11
1}4, -M;,. -M
n
_
l
- a, W '/
Ha OCHOSY MOMeH3Ta Ca SJ1jafba HaJI a3e ce CJ1JIe Ha aaJbl.vuJla, axo
ce rrOCTaBe MOMeHTHe j e/iHa" l1"He 3a nojelll1"He
3a npeceK J 2 MoO } ;:;:
o:=:J -
2
- = M" HJl H F, = - 1- - \
ceK 3-3 j e "'- -
F, . / - F" . i - -- _- M-a-=- --M-
c
}' HJl H

3a rrpeceK_4- 4 j
11\ ' 3 \ I 1
F, ' - 1- F.,. t + F., ' - = M"
2 - . 2
HJl H
Ha'MH HaJJa3e ce 11 OCTaJJe c.>!
. ')
F, = (M., + 3 M,) . .::.. ;
- I

fl - l - t ' n - t
WWTO
OSPAAA OABAJAH>EM MATEPHJAJlA
fI p>! ollBaj aEbeM MalJ'ep>ljaJJa j e l..\ 11Jb ila ce jellaH Ileo MaTe-
pl1jaJJa OIlBOj'l1 all Ilpyror palll1 rrpl1"rroeMal-ba MaTep>lj aJIa 3a pall 'l1JU1 Pa)l>[
llo6l1j al-ba KOHa 'l Hor 06Jfl1Ka pallHor npellMeTa. Y OBY rpy-ny o6pa,l\e
crralla Ol'cel..\al-be, rrpocel..\al-be >! CJJ.
62
06p3,11B 0
..
06pa,lla OTCel.{aJ-beM HO>KeBa Cna',IIa y 6e3 pe33J-ba
C'I'PYT()rI1Jfl{a, rrpl>1 '1eMY ce BPWJ1 O,IIBajaJ-be je,llHOr AeJla MBTepl1jaJla 0,11
,IIpyror,
IIpeMa (lBOMe o6JTwKY pa3JfWKyjy ce MallDfHe ca TPI>1 BpcTe HO>KeBa
3a OTCeI\afbe:
1) ca rrpaal>1M napaJfeJlHMM HO>KeBI>1Ma, '-
2) ca npaBI>1M Ha rHyTI>1M HO)KeBJ>fMa 1>1
3) ca Kpy>KHJ>1M HO>KeBl>1Ma. /'
4>C1< .. IIpl>1 caMOM npol.\ecy OTCel.\afba Ha Ma-
WJ>fHCKI>1M MaKa3aMa jaBJbajy ce Tpl>1 cpa3e. Y npBoj ce BPWI>1 ca6J1jafbe
MaTepJ>fjaJIa rrpl>1 rrpoJI'J>fPaJ-bY HO>KeBa y MaTepJ>fjaJl (CJI. 63), Y APyroj
cj:>aGI>1 HacTaje caal>1jaJbe YCJIe,ll Tora WTO CI>1JIa OTCel.\afba F He JIe>K1>1 y paBHJ>1
CMHl.\afba J>f Haj3a,ll, nocJle KJlM3afba MaTepl>1j aJla y paBHJ>f CMI>1l.\alba Ha-
cTaje y Tpehoj cpa3J>f CMlU(afbe, O,llHOCHO O,llBajafbe MaTepl>1jaJla.
Cn. 63. - npaBJ1M napane JlH)/lM HO>KeB"IMa
IIpeMa TOMe ce npM ,IIejcTB:Y H'O>KeBa jaBJba cl>1J1a CMMl.\afba F 11 MO-
MeHaT F ' a. OBaj MOMeRaT Te>KJ>f ,IIa o1<ipeHe y cMepy CTpeJfJ>fl.\a.
OK1peTafby ce cyrrp'OTCTaBJba MOMe<HBT F
r
, c , KojJ>f je je,IIHaK MOMeHTY
CaBJ>fjafba, r,lle j e F T 6o'lHJ1
rOpl-ba je,llHa'll>1Ha MO>Ke ,IIa ce npOWJ>fpM, aKO ce ca Z 06eJle>KJ>f
Ay6J>fHa rrpOJ\'J>f'P3J-ba HO>Ka, ca Y yrao Jf3Mei)y MaTepMj'3JIa J>f '1eOHe nOBp-
WJ>fHe HO>Ka, a ca x l.I.I'IofJJ_a H3'JleraFha HO>Ka no MaTepJ>fj3JIY. KpaJK a
CI>1JIe je,l\H'3!K je a=x , aKO ce rrpeTnOCTaB11 ,IIa OI>1JIa F ,IIe-j 'CTByje Ha
x
2
63
Crrel(l<cj;m'i'fl
1
11 npWTWCq>! 'Ha l1'OB'pllJ1l1J'<a'Ma IW>KI1He x W Z Tpe6a i\a
6Yi\Y jel1HaWl, Te je
WJlW
x=*-J
3a'MeHOM Bpei\HOCTl< F T Y rOPlboj jei\Ha'lYfFl11 32 jei\HaKOCT MOMeHaTa
i\o6whe ce
JIfJIl'{
h
F =F.tgr(_h_ - z)
tg y COS Y
tg' .
---",--,- Y_- = tg y.si n y.
(1 + tg' y) COS Y
360r MaJle Bpei\'HOCT>! yrJla r M,(DKe ce CTallWTW
sin y::::: tg r
W Tai\a je
= tg y. sin r ::::: tg" y a tg y = V1z .
AKO ce crrel(l<cj>l<'iHJ1 'fIp>1TwcaK Ha MaTepwjaJl o6eJle>K1< ca p, a ww-
pl1Ha M2Tep>lja\J]a ca b, i\06whe ce 3a CWJlY
F=p b x
F=p-b- _ Z_ =p.b. Z =p.b-{i"-:h.
tgy V
IlQi\ 'fIPeT'flOCTa'BKOM ,l\a 'ce rrpWTWC3!K p W =pWHa b He
Melbajy 3a speMe ,l\o6w.he ce I1'peMa roplhoj KpWBa
nopac-ra ..C>IJle y S>fJIY rrapa60Jle (Jlesa rpa'Ha K:p>rse Ha i\wjarpaMY CJI. 64) .
3liaTH>rje rrpl1 rrpO,!\1>lpalby HO>Ka y Marep>fjaJl HaCTaj y
reK OH,l\a, Kai\a rrpl<T>fcaK P ,l\OCT>ffHe Spei\HOCT a F CWJla
F = pbx 6wi'le Hajsei'la y TPeHyTKY Kai\a OHa i\OCT>rrHe Cl<JIY Tj.
y TpeHyTKy Kai\a rrO'fl1lbe CWJla je TaJi\a
F= pbx = (- " - - 2z).rs .b ,
cos r
ca ' s ' sM = ja'l>rH'w MaTepJorjaJla rrpw OMl1u,aIbY. Osa je:rVia'lI1Ha npalle
JT>fH>rje rrpeTCTaSJbaJla 6J1 TaK Onai\alha cWJle ('>fcnpeKJoIII'aHa JIJ1-
64
Hl1j a Ha AecHoM AeJIY AujarpaMa CJI. 64), KalAa 6u <, OCTaJIO KOHCTaH'IIHO
3a CBO BpeMe xOAa. M eIjYTIIM, nOllITO ce <s 'ca AvUmrOM npoAUpaH>a HO}Ka
MeH>a, TO he K1p>ma onail\aH>a CUJIe F KMa'l'l1 05.IDI'K Kao nyHa KP>ma
Ha CJI . 64
,I(Kj arpaM Ha CJI. 65 Aa1e 3a
pa3He BpCTe qe.JIHKa U APYTe MeTaJIe,
npu XJIa,z(IfOM 3aJBi'fCHOCT
j a<ruHe MaTepMj aJI a rrpJ-f cMW..\aH>Y 0,11
peJIaTKBHe AY6HHe npoA'MPaH>a HO}Ka F.
X eMMClG1 CaCTa'B M oc06l11He
pa3H'ID{ apCTa 'IeJI1MKa, rrpe'IICTaBJbeml x
Ha CJI . 65 Iq!BaT-ta A ,110 G, AaTe cy Y
Ta6JI. 4. QCTaJIe KpMBe 'Ha Awj a'I'paMY
CJI . 65 OAHOce ce Ha cJI eAehe MaTepuj a-
JI e M TO: KpMBa H Ha AYpaJIYM}!HJ-fj YM,
I Ha 52.-Kap, a J Ha
o
"
/
/
/
"
\
\
0.2 0.'1 as 0.8 W

h
,I(Kj a>rpaM Ha CJI. 66 Aaj e 3aBM-
" V / CHOCT T, OA s 3a TOnJI O yrJbe-
W HMqHor 'Ie= Ka (0,13-;- 0,20 % g.
M a<K'C}!Ma'JIHa CJ-fJIa MO-
en. 64. - ,llHj arpaM npOMeHe CMJIe F
y 33BHCHOCTI1 o,n; peJI3TMBHor npoJtt-t -
p atb3 HDm3 e:
}l{e ce npM6JI1M}KHO pa'!Y'i'IaTI< no
"'" 'M5 .0
rAe j e T M5 - j a'I'KHa MaTepKj aJIa rrp}!
A
OM
B O<rHa CJ-fJIa 1K0j a Aej CTBy j e Ha HQ}I{ j e rrpeMa promjeM F T = F tg y.
Yrao y j e 3a 5e3 AP}I{a'IB JIMMa ca AP}l{a'IeM OKO
IT'PeMa TOMe j e 1 c l
( T"'" 0, 18 -':- O,35 F
[FT "'" O, I -:- O, 18 F 1
.... J
ca Ap}l{a'leM Jl}tMa.
PaA, TIOTpe5aH 3a MO}l{e ce Hah'J-f rpaqm,{KM M3 HOBP-
lUWHe orpaHJ-f'l eHe K1PWBOM 3aBYfOHOC'mI CMJIe 0,11 xOAa J-f OCOM
11.m! npeMa
[ W = i A' Ts . dZ!
rAe j e A KOjl1 ce H Oll,fTO j e peJIaTJ.1BHa AY-
611Ha O'llceu,aH>aCF = '/'110 = /1 ' de TaAa j e paA
' W--:;;YA Ts, /, ds = A. lli Ts deJ
f Ts' dE jeAHaK je nOBpl1l'IDlH orpaHYf'leHoj KPl1.BOM r=t (F( )
J-f anCu,ucHOM OCOM (npeMa AJ-fj ar paMMMa Ha CJI. 65 }! 66). Bpe,lllHOCTJ-f OBJ-f X
l'IHTerpaJIa MOry ce Y3eTJ-f M3 Ta6JI. 5 l1 6 3a pa'3He 'MaTepJ-f j aJIe. T a6JI. 5
I
T.6n 4 -
1<80
I::


I 0.
S.
f.
J
2,
en. 65. - ,lI;wjarpaM 3aBH OCT" Hanpe3alba MaTe-
pl-tjana npH CMm.taa:.y .o penaTHBHe ,zcr6J1He
npOAl1paf.ba HO>Ka e rrpw\ xn a.n;HOM OTceQalbY
XeWHCKH Cac.TaB H weIlUlH4Ke lien""! H3 RH)arpU4.1
T
65
c. 65
Xe MHc K H MeX8HH'IKt oco6HRe
BpeT.
I I I I
I \ r I
Ja4HH' Mne-I PC,II4THBHO
4C/U1K4
C Si Atn P S NI
pH)." "PH
H3.!1Y>KethC
KH1l4tby .
e'Olo
a .. kg/mm2
YeJlItK A 0, 16 0,23 0, 34 0,01 8
0,
006
1
I
4,31 115,0 9,0
B 0.75 0,31 0, 63 0,Q28 0,020 0, 1
5
-
100,8 10,8
C 0,40 0,33 0,55 0,024 0,027
1
I,
0, 13 83,8 16,6
I
la.p
I
0
0,14 j
0,10 0,50 0,020
0,120 I
8,5 60,0 45,0
E
1
O,H 0,23 0,58 0,027 0,030

-
67,3 19.7
I
F I
0,20 0,24 0,52 0;026
0,030 I
0,0
- 53,7 21,7
U
i
0, 15 0,20 0,40 0,040 0,04 0,2 0,3 38,0 32,0
Masine .i alatke
I
I
66
OAHOCH ce H8 XJIa,ztHO a Ta6JI. 6 Ha TOnJIO. MeTe Ta6ID!I\e Aajy
H BpeAHOCTH 3a emax Tj. 3a OHY peJIall'l-lBHy Ay611!Hy llpH KOjOj
HaCTaje oABajalbe MaTepHjaJIa.
ITpH6.IDOKHO ce pa,n; M02Ke op;pe8WI'l1 no
[W = kn6
max
(JMhA
rAe je A - nOBpl.lIWia
= tMS ;, 0,75,
tM
n = --"'-"--\-- = 0,75 --'- 0,85,
F"/," "'" ,2 -7- 1,6 6'
(6' - peJIaTHBHO JIa) HajBeha peJIaTHBHa Ay6J1Ha
npoAHpaif>a HOJKa npl1 Kojoi RacTaie OA MaTepHjaJIa, (JM - ja'DIHa
MaTepHjaJIa npH KMAaif>Y.
o az aD a8
- E"
Cn . 66. - J(HjarpaM 3aSMCHOCTH f's OA l.' npM TOnJlOM
67
Ta6n. 5 - Bpell HOCTH 38 f: Af S' smax " S '(s' d e npH Xn3l1, HOM OTCeU8tby
MarepHjan
r
MS
kg/10m'
-I
---1-
Sma x .1
_____ kgmm/mm'
YenH. A (npeM. ta6n. 4)
B
C
D

F
o
Sa .. p
UHH.
llypAnyMHHHj yM
75
61
54
47
46
38
28
16
15
13
0,16
0,16
0,33
0.40
0,23
0,35
0, 41
0,42
0,4 1
0,13
9,7
7,4
15,0
12,4
8,5
10,4
9,7
5,7
5,2
1,3
Tn6n. 6 - BPCIlIiOCTH 3a "A' S' cmax H S TS . d e npH TonnOM OTCeUBtbY
Small:
mm
4enHK F (npeMa Ta6n, 4) 650 13,7 0,65 6,6
760
.-.
8
J
8 0,72 4,7
970 4,8 1.0 3,2
E 660 14,5 0,55 5,6
760 9,1 0,65 4,4
980
I
4,5 ,.; .. ,-
1,0 3,2
c
I
670 15,0
I
0,45 5,4
780 9,6 0,65 4,9
1090 3,8 1,0 3,0
B 700 13,3 0,5 4,7
860 7,4 0,8 4,4
1020 4,8 1,0 3,5
Ha OOHOsy apeJ,lVb>lX spe,ItHOC'I1>1 :la k >I n ,I\06wja ce 'fW116Jll1JKaH
pa,l\ OTCel.\alba
w h A,
5'
68
I1PJlB1.I.lLG?1WTU H9iCeau. Ha1"Hyn! H01KeBH (CJI. 67) ynOTpe6JbaBajy
ce 3a OTcel.\albe MaTeplIjaJIa Mane .n;e6JbHHe y o,ll;Hocy H'a
illHpHHy.

en. 67. - MaK33e ca HapHYTMM HO>KeSWMa
.I('a 6H ce o.n;pe)1'HJIa CH.na OTCel.\aH,a, nOCMaTpahe ce Tpoyrao ABC
(CJI. 67). EJIeMeHTapHa CI1JIa OTCel.\alba 3a eJleMeHTaplfY nOBpWWHY WI1-
plme dx Ha OTCTOjalby x o.n; Ta'I'Ke A 611'he qx dx=rs s dx r.n;e je
q. - CiHJIa OTCel.\alba 3a je,ll;'l1Hl1l.\y wl<lpHHe MiiTeplljaJla b. PeJl'aTllBHa
.n;yUl1iHa OTCEll.\alba j e r
\
\ S
r.n;e je a - yrao
'Y K}'TIHa ClIJla OTCel.\aFba 6l1he
F= qx dx=S' rs s.dx
r.n;e ce dx HaJla3l1 'H3 npeTxo
peHl.\i1paHe
3a'MeHa y H3pa3y 3a F .n;aje /
3a 6 peweHe no x H ,lI;'H<tJe-
s,
Fi tg-a dp.
J.1HTerpan S ts . d" rrpe'1'CTaBJba OBpillWHy orpaHM"leHy KPmlOM
ts =fCe) II arrCl.\HCHOM OCOM H HaJla:l 11' C Ha HCTI1 Ha"lH'H Kao II rrpl1 o.n;-
pel}wsalby pa.n;a 3a napaJleJIHe HO>KeBe, O.n;HOCHO Y3HMa ce 11'3 Ta6Jl . 5 11 6,
69
CHJla OTCel.\a,..,a ce rrpH6J1JOKHO MO>Ke (}Ape,ll",""H rrpeMa [(e.IIKKOBY
ITO 06pacl.\Y
1/. P ma a ' \ 'I'
SO' S2
- - 0,6 . S'mux . OJ\'I --
fga fg a
rAe k, n, "mo. H aM HMajy >lCTO 3Ha'le,..,e KaO >I 3a napaJlemle HO>KeBe.
CH"Jla OTCel.\a,..,a, ,ll06H"jeHa H"JI>I 'Ha jeAaH HID! Ha ,lWyrH rrpmJlIDKaH
Ha<l>1H, Mopa ce jow IToBeha'l'H" 3a 60 7 80/ 0, Aa 6>1 ce y:3eJIo y 003Hp
1'ynJbe,..,e HO>KeBa Ka'O H eBeH'ryaJIH}! 3a30p Meljy W>lMa, WTO ce MO>Ke
nojaBwrH y TOKY p8\l\a.
Yrao HanH"6a (1 jewror HO>Ka rrpeMa ,llPYroM Mopa 6H'rn a<p,+P2'
rAe cy P, H p" yrnOB'>I Tpe,..,a H3Meljy JI>lMa >I rop,..,er, (},ll'HOCHO p;o,..,er
HO>Ka. A:KO oBaj yenoB He 6}! 6...0 HcrrylbeH, HaCTano 6H K.1UI3albe YCJlep;
'Iera 6>1 JTHM 6H"'O nOTHCHYT 60'IH0 6e3 OTCel.\a,..,a. Yralo (1 H3HOCH OOWlHO
r---\
.PaA O'l'cel.\a,..,a HaJla3H ce H3l}V==FJl rAe je Lh= b . t!l<;rb - lIDf-
pHHa m<Ma) oHaj y'KYmrn XOA HO>Ka np>l KOMe p;eJCTBYJe nyH'a oma F.
OBa npeTnOCTaBKa 3a h je AOBOJbHO Ta'IHa, alKo je WHpHHa Jl'HMa P;O-
BOJbHO BeJIH"Ka y (},lIHocy Ha
p;e6JbH"HY.
3a'MeHOM rope HaljeHor
H3pa3a 3a F ,l106l1he ce
W = s" . b S t s . dE
rAe ce S t s de HaJla3H Kao
rope.
Hp}!6JrH>K'H0 ce pap;
HaJla3J1 __
l?=F' /I:O:::
s"
"" 0,6 mUX' ''M -- ' b fg a :o:::
tg a
)

KP1P!$;lfE<!!QJ1CeB1t, PaA /
KpYJ,(L& 4L.&Ba ycTBapHv"
je 'HCTOBeTaH paAY rrpaBHX
HarHYTHX HO>KeBa (CJl. 68),
ITOWTO ce HO>KeBH" MO-
ry C'Ma'l'paTH Kao Kpy>KHH"
HO>Kea>l Beirl1lror
ITpe'l'H>1lKa. CJrH"Ka rrp.J1l{a3Y-
je OTCel.\a,..,e JrHMa, rrpH 'IeM)'
.
, /
1/
\ i/
1
i
en. 68. KpY>KHH HOJKeSH 3a
ce KpajeBH C8:BH"jajy Ha'llHwe. OAHOCHO HalH>f)!(e; OBO ca'llHja.,..,e 3an>fCH
OA yrJla n 11 paCTe ca ITOpaC'!'OM HCTor.
C>lJla, rtC>TPe6Ha 3a (}Tcel.\al-be, ce Ha CJTH"'I8H Ha<rnJ{ lKa'O H"
3a HarHYTe HO>KeBe. Ha CJl . 68 rrocMaTpahe ce Tpa.rre3 ABDC, rrp}! qeMY
ce Kpy>K'H>I JTYI.\>I 3aMe,..,yjy rrpaBwM CHJla OTCel.\a,..,a 3a eJle-
MeHTapHY ,lIy>K)>lHy d .
qx . dx = t , s dx
70
r,lle je (l nOJIOB'J11{a yrJIa 1<3Mel)y <raHreFl,8.Ta Ha MeCTY ,lIoWfPa.
Te j e
Y KyITHa 'CI<JIa j e
F = ,(qx ' dx--:.Jr, s dx
j e,llHa '1V1He 3a s ITO x
I

.2 tg ('(
/
S" J
F = '2 tg,1. r
5
d "
liIRTerpaJi S r 5 ' d s pelliaBa ce rpaqn.r'lKJ< ,Ha I1'CTI< Ha'BflI Kao I< 3a napa-
en. 69. - nO"leTHJoI TpeHY'ra1:C oTceqatba Kpy>KHHM
Ho:meBffi..la
JIeJIHe 'I< HaTlfyre HO>Ke-
Be, 1<= ce IberoBa Bpe,ll-
HOCT y3'I<Ma 1<3 Ta6JI. 5 I< 6.
IlpI<6JIJ<>KHO ce F
o.zwel)yje Ha MCTJ< Ha'lW}{
Ka'O I< paHJ1Ii e Tj.
s"
::::::: 0,6 . E.
mnx
. OM - -
2 tg a.
06PTH'1< MOMeHaT KPY-
mHor HO>Ka o,ll'Pel)yj e ce
npeMa r -l

'"
O'\1CToj<llbe illme F O'.l\ oce
KPYJKHor HO>Ka.
Howp
a
8 H JIlKMa 6e3 o-nce-

nO'leTKa pe3aIba (CJI .
DuD S
- - - = - cosrl.+ -
2 2 . 2 2
r,lle je u - npeKJIon :H:O::: >K ::::ea=a-, -:I<::-JI =I<-------J
t=
1- cos a
'J
71
Oopaila npoceqalbcM 11 npool1jmLcM
06paila rrpOCel1afbeM 11 rrp0611jaJ-beM cnaila Y rpyny 06paile OllBa-
jaIbeM 6e3 ile<POpMaql1je MaTep"jaJla, (113Y3eB JlOKaJIHl1X), rrpl1 KOlOl Ce
BpJ.J.rn oilBajafbe je)l!Hor ileJia MaTepl1jaJla OA ilPyror. Ha'ieJIHo ce OBe
BpCTe 06paile He pa3JI>l'KYjy Oil o6paile OTCel.\afbeM, rile ce oABajafbe Ma-
TeplljaJla yrJl_HoM BPllil1 rro npaBoj AOK ce rrpl1 rrpoCel.\aIbY 11
np0611jafby BpWl1 O,llBajaIbe MaTeplljaJla no JI'KHI1jaMa pa3Hor y
3aBI1CH0C11l1 OA 06Jl'J1Ka 'paAlfor rrpeilMe1'a. Pa3J\l1Ka 113Melw np06MjBIba
11 rrpocegaH.a je V TOMP !lITo ce lIP" npo611jafuY Pa,qJ1 yr'JlBBHOM 0 >ro-
a,l111 pyrra Y MaTepl1jaJlY Haup. paA'" 3aIDfBal'ba, AOK ]e rrpll n oceqBIb
l\I1Jb AOOI1Jafbe pa,llHllX 'rrpe,llMe1'a Jl'I1'fI11'I1X 0 JII1Ka, O,llHOCHO l<OHType.
IIpl1 Ae)crBy np06l1ja'ia Ha MaTepl1jaJI (CJI. 70) , HaCTaje, no rrpeKo-
pa'iefbY Harrpe3afua MaTepl1jaJla 113HaA rpaHI1l\e rIbe'iel-ba, 3HaTHlIja Ae-
<popMaqJ1ja wenoA rrp060jl\a. lVIaTepl1jaJl Talla 113MI1'ie I1cnoll npo60jI:\a
Kao H ca CTpaHe (l1C:rrpeKl1AaHe JII1HI1je Ha CJl. 70) 11 TO Y rrpaBqy Mafuer
OTnopa. IIo npel<OpaqefbY rpaHI1l.\e rIbeqefba 611he CI1J1a KOjPM rrp06ojal\
rr d"
lIejcTByje Ha MaTepl1jaJl F = 4 . (J F , rlle je (J F Harrpe3afbe MaTeplljaJla
Ha rpaHI1l\11 rfbe'iefba. :c;.:ml.\aIbe MaTepHjaJla MO)!{e Ha-
CTa1'l1 TeK Kalla ce BI1Cl1Ha x 6Ylle TOJll1'KO CI1J1a F nOCTaHe
Beha 011 Bpe,llHOC1'l1 " . d X T MS , rlle je tMS ja'UfoHa MaTepl1jaJla rrpH CMJ1-
4afbY. IIpeMa TOMe-ce--neo TOK npl1 rrp0611jBIbY, 0ilHOOHO rrpOCel\BIbY,
MO)!{e nOAeJJl1'J'11 Ha TPI1 <pa3e. Y
npBoj fCJI. 71) BpJ.J.rn ce Ma-
Tepl1jaJla nOli np06ojl.\eM 11 113'M11l\a-
Ibe MaTepl1jaJla. Y APyroj ce BplIDl
lIecbOpMal\l1ja!p
o

CJI. 70. - IIpo6Hj al-be M3 T e -
pJ.1j3na
CJl. 71. - lloje,lll1He cjla3e np" npo6,,-
jatbYJ O,l(HOCHO rrpoceu:atby
'i\W?Y rpa'HlIl.\e BPW'; I1CTI1CKl1Bafue 'lena 80K,
Me!)yTI1M, Be3a . . HyTa. l1fr
3ail, y Tpe OJ a311 BPWI1 ce OllBBJal-be MaTepYij aJla - .Mill1"ai:i;FyrlP6a-
l.{I11!afue ijena. Ha CJJlIl\I1 CE' BI1)l11 Aa y rrpBO] 11 A'Pyr'oj <pa311 ITOCTOjl1
l13BeCTaH rrpeJla3 113Me!)y MaTepl1jaJlB ITOA rrp060jl.\eM 11 OCTaJTOr lIeJla.
OBO AOJla311 YCJleil Hel136e)!{Hor cBBl1jafba, Koje je rrpOITpaTHa noj aBa
rrpl1 CMI1l\afuY.
72
npH npowrpalbY ntp<>50jQa ; KpHBa 2-3 cpa3y HCTl-fCKMBaFba MaTepYljaJIa
6e3 O):{Bajalba, .zIOK KpHBa 3-4 O)l1'OBapa cpa3'" CMl1l.\aFba H "'36aQHBaFba
'lena. IIpH Tpeliaj cpa311 Ca'BJIal)yje ce '" Tpeffie J.f3Mel)y O,ll'BojeHOll 11 OCTa-
JIor .zIMa MaTep11jaJIa. MaKlC"'MaJIHa C'I1JIa, rrOTpe6Ha 3a rrp06Hjalbe "'JI'"
npoceI:\albe, M'Q}Ke ce rrpeMa
F = 0 . s . \)L/
r.zle je..9-Q611M Koja ce rrpo6",;a (CJI. 73) 11= npH rrpoceualbY, p-
}lrnHa KOHType 'Koja ce rrpocegl!. II'pH rrp06",jalhy -rrpoceQalbY npeMa CJI.
73""" Bpurn: ce lO):{BajaFbe MaTepl1jaJIa WCTOBpeMeHO ITO QeJIOM 06l1'MY, YCJIe.zl
'Jera y TPeHYTKY O,ll'Bajalba HaCTaje CHa}KalH Tp3aj. Mel)yTHM, rrpl1
-xoy
eJl. 72. - .n;",jarpaM .1aS"'CHO-
CTJ.1 eRne npq6Kjalha,
npoceqaa,a OJ!. XO.ll.a
en. 73. - IIpoceqafbe ca napaneJl-
HI1M
npoceQalby 'rrpeMa CJI. 74, p.zIe ropHM .zIeo npOCeKa'ia WMa 3aJKQ!!TeHy no-
Bpilll1HJ', HaCTaje 0):{Baj3l-be MaTepHjaJI a rrocTyrFHo, .zIOK je HaJj'Belia c>lJla

F = 0,5 . 0 . S ' .. Ms' c,JG,/
Ta6JI. 7 .zIaje np ... 6JI>DKHe, npaKT:.1'iHe Bpe)\HOCT'" j a'il1'He MaTep11-
jaJIa npH 'CMHQaFbY ' Ms Y 3aBMCHOCT'" OA j aT{l1He MaTllpV!jaJIa npH lKM.zIa-
}bY O"M, a 3a pa3He 'MaTepHjaJIe npeMa IUyJIepy (Schuler) . aBe BpeA-
HOCT11 ce Heurro pa3JIHKyj y O.zl Bpe)\HOCTH ' M s rrpeMa Ta'6JI . 5. AfRO npo-
CeRa'i M'Ma 3a'JroUIeHO Ce'i"'BO ca .zIOFbe CTpaHe Ka'o Ha 'CJI. 75, 6l1'ne c>fJIa
npoceQa}ba J1CTa Ka'O '" 3a rope 3aKoweHO ce'il1'Bo.
Pa.zl ITOTpe6a'H 3a npoceQaH, e, je.zlHafR j e rrpo"'3Bo)\y M3 CM"JIe rrpo-
ceQal ba M ecpeKTJorIl'Hor XO.zla:
r.l\e j e
IV = F . S ' Emax tY
z
s
(z - )\y611Ha aJIaTa) sajBena peJIaTJonma .I\Y6WHa IlIpowrpa}ba
aJIaTa Y MaTepMj aJI, rrpM KOjOj HaCTaje O):{BajaFbe Mall"epM"jaJIa, n01ll1'O 11
rrpM n poceQaFbY, Kao M ITP'" oTCeQaH>Y, HaCTaje O):{Baja}be 'MaTepl1jaJIa
npe nOTrryHOr npO.zl J1pal-ba aJl aTa. Bpe.I\HoCTJol 3a Emax Mory ce y3eT'M M3
Ta6JI . 5. "YKOJIl1K'O .i e MaTepJ1jaJI TBOIjI-f, YTOJI'M'K'O je Emux MaJHoe.
73
eJl. 74. - ilpoceQatbe ca Hal'H)'THM
rOpt-bIIM Ce'-ll1BOM
en. 75. npOCeLtafbe ca HaJ1HYTJotM
,[tOtbJot.M Ce'-lJotBOM
Ta6n. 7 - Ja"l HHa MaTCpujanl liP" CMHUatby r,\1S Y 3a BHCHOCTH on. oM
-:PCTa MaTcpHjana
AJlyMWHHyM
.uypaYMHH
UHHK
6aKap
MecHHr
Balb3Ha 6poll 3a
MCKH l.JeIHlltllH nHM
lI enH'IRH nHIl
LJenHK ca 0,1
0
/
0
C
0,2' ,
0,3'/,
0,4' /,
0,6
0
0,8'/0
1,0
0
0
_eA. : HM
___ ' _M_S_kg/mm_' __ 1 aM kg/ mm'
MeK I T8PA ___ T8pA
7+ 11
22
12
18+22
2"+30
32 -'- 40
30..:.. 35
45-;.- 50
25
32
36
45
56
72
80
52
13-16

20
25+30
35+ 40
40-'-60

55+ 60
32
40
48
56
7l
90
105
56
8-'-12
26


28-'-35
40..,. 50
32+ 38
32
40
45
56
72
9U
100
65 + 70
17-;.- 22
48
25
30-;'-40
40+ 60
50..;.-75
45
00+ 70
40
50
60
72
90
110
130
B. MAIIDfHE 3A OBP A,l{Y BE3 PE3AIbA
3a oOPa,z:{Y Oe3 pe3alba He M'O}!{e ce 1Il3BPl.l.l1J1 CTpora Ma-
UrI-rna npeMa noje,lJiIDi'MM !3pCTaMa noUII'O ce Ha HCTOj Ma-
lliHHJ1 MOry Bpl..U'l1TH H pa3.IDl"rnTe onepal.\l1je. Taxo ce Ha oHeKMM npe-
MO}!{e !3pWll1"I'11 H 'I13BJIa"lelbe, npocel.\afbe. OTCel.\albe J.1 TOMe c.1Dwnro,
a Y 3aBHCHCYCTH aJIaTa KOjJ.1 ce nOCTaBJha Ha Mal.l.l'HHY. 3aTo he y
OB'OM rrOrJIaBJbY 5J.1TH 113BpUIeHa MallJ1HHa He rrpeMa BpCTaMa
,'Beh npeMa TIfIlOBHMa MaUIJ1Ha.
qeK'J1ha 3acHHBa ce Ha KOpHl.l1hefbY KHHeTH'IKe
eaeprHje je,l\1He peJIaTHBHO MaJIe rrOKpCTHe Mace (MaJba qeKMha). OBa
K11HeTH'lKa eHepTHj a 'ce BellliM npCTBapa y
a MalbJ1M ryOH y eJIa=wIHJ1M eJIeMeHaTa MaUIH-
Ha Kao H y 'I13a3HBalbY Il'OTpeca HaIKOBl-ba, TeMeJba H 3eMJbKUITa. eaMO
v,
Ma.lba qeK11ha Ha MaTepwj aJI J.1 HarooBa:I-b
je TeJIa.
YKyrrHa KHHeTWlKa eHeprHja, KOjy MO}!{e
l\aje '-[eKMli TIpl1 je rrpeMa
roplbeM, 3&1py KJ1'HeTH'I1<e eHeprnje W" Koja ce
TIpernapa y pa..z\ H KJ1HeTJ.1'l!Ke
eHepl'l1je W2, Koja ce Ha'KOBI-bY, TeMeJbY J.1
3eMJb=Y. ilpeMa TOMe je W = W, + W .
,Z:(a OH ce eHepl'l1ja W"
Koja ce rrpernapa Y prup;, rrohHhe ce
ol1UITer cJIyqaja ,o;Be Mace, Ka,z:{a ce ooe
Mace Kpehy .!l:Pyroj y cycpe-u ' (cJIY'!aj qeKJ.1ha

Cn. 76. - ,n;ejcTBo
-qeKl1ha no np$1H1V1ny
cY,l{apa ABa Tena
HeKa je 1!pH KpCTal-bY MaJba Mace ml lberOBa op-
3HHa y TpeHYI'Ky cy,o;apa v" je - v
2
Op3MHa Kpe-
Tal-ba Ha:BII1IlIe HaIKOBJb'R Mace m2, i1pJ.1 '-[eMY j e v, > v
2
(CJI . 76). Y rpeHY'1'Ky Ha'CTaje H3Be'CHa MaTepHjaJIa.
Y npBOj rrepl1o,ll'l1 ce op3HHa MaJba H 'HaJroBl-ba, a
I-bHXOBa 3ajev:\HWfl<a Op3HHa Ha Kpajy npBe oHhe w. Ta\Z\a ce
Op3MHa Mace m, C'MaI-hl1J1.a ca v, Ha W, a Mace m. rroBehaJIa ca v
2
Ha W.
AKO j e F npoMeHJbHBa OHJIa, KOjOM ,o;ejcTByje je,lJ,ll-Ja Maca Ha ,!&)yry, oHhe
npeMa cTaBY 0 K'Ba'HTHTeTy KpeTal-ba 3a Macy m,
I,
dv=-J F dl
o
75
(tI - apeMe 'lTpSe nepKoAe CYAapa) K.IDI
"
m, . IV - m, v, = - J F . dl = - H"
o
r,!le je HI KMIIYJIC mUle F. 3HaK (-) AOJIa3K OTyAa urro je Cl'fJIa F, Koja
,!IejCTByje Ha Macy mI, cyrrpOTH'Or cMepa OA !<peTafba CKCTeMa.
Hcro je 3a Macy m,
j'm, . dv = J"F . dl HJIH
"
m, . IV + TTl, V, = J Fdl = H,
o
v, KMa HeraU11BaH 3Hax 3aTO lllTO AejCTsyje Cy;npOTHO cMepy 'ropeTal-ba
CI1CTelIia.
Ilpellia TOMe, Maca m, je K:.rry6KJIa OA/KBaHTKTeTa ropeTaHoa, AOK je
Maca ,m. A06KJIa.
Ca611'pal-beM jeAHa'I>llHa 3a KlBaHTKTeT jeARe 11 APyre Mace
Ao6Jo1he ce
IV (m, + nI,J = m, . v, - m, . v,.
JIesa CTpaJHa jeAHa'!11He npeTCTa'SJba KBaHTKTeT nOCJIe
npse nepJ10Ae cYAapa, a AecHa CTpaHa 'KBaH'l'Wl'eT ropeTal-ba npe cYAapa.
H 3 ropIbe jeAHa'rnHe Hana3Kce 3aje,!lHWIKa 6p3KHa w nOCJIe rrpse ne-
pKoAe cYAapa
IV = m1 v
J
- m'.! . v!!.
m, +m,
IlOA TlpeTITOCTaBKOM eJIaCTWrnOr cYAapa Te>Ke eJIa'CTWrHO Aecpop-
MKcaHe Mace oneT Aa 3aY3MY CBOj lIpS0611TIrn o6.IN1K. 080 spahalbe
Aeillasa ce Y APyroj neplfOAK cYAapa.
Ha no'ieTKy APyre nepl1o;!1e je 6p311Ha MaJba 11 HaKOSIba
MaTep11jaJIa) w, a Ha xpajy Te nepH"OAe v, ' O',!IHOOHO v;.
CTaIB 0 KBa'IiTKTeTY TaAa rJIa-CK 3a Macy 1n'
dv= - H,
(tlf'-
3a Macy m.
v.'
{m, . dv = H,
'v
I1JII1
76
Ca6J1palbeM CBID{ jeAHa'fllHa AQ6j.ffie 'ce
w (m, + m
2
) = m, . v,' + m
2
v"' = m, . v, - m, V".
TIpj.f Aem1MH'UIO eJIaC1'I14HCM cYAapy nocTcjahe 3aBl1CHCCT 113Mel)y
J>fMnYJTca H. apBe nepl1c;!(e j.f H2 APyre nepl1'OAe cYAapa Y c6JII1l<Y
H, =K' H" rAe je K Koe<jJJ1qJ1jeH'l' cYAapa, KCjl1 ce Kpehe 113Meljy 0 11. 1
Y 3a13I1OHOCTI1 o,!\ Ma'l'ep11jaJIa. 3a nOTnYHc eJIaCTI1"l'Ha 'l'eJIa je K = 1, a
3a nCTlnyHO HeeJIac1'l1'H1a K=O. 3a'MeHOM H, Y rcplbe jffiHa4MHe 3a
lJ,pyry nepl1olJ,y cy,!\<lIpa Ao611fie ce
m, v,'-m, 'IV=- K H, = K(m,'IV-m,' v,)
m, . v,' - m, . IV = K . H, = K (m, . w + m, . v").
OBI1X je,n;HB'Il1Ha Mary ce 6p3'l1'He v,' H v,' Ha Kpajy ,!\pyre
nepl1c;!<e, aKC ce W 3aMeHj.f Tcpe HaljeHcM BpeAHcumy:
v,'=(K+ v,
m, +m,
v/= (K+l)m, v, - m" v'+K.v" .
m, + m, -
Ha O'CHCBY HaljeHI1X Bpe,!IHCCTI1 3a 6p3,wHe v.' H v"' Moca nO'CJIe
cy,!\apa, MO}!{e ce Hafil1 JUmfe'!'J>f4Ka eHeprnja W, Kcja ce npe'l'Bapa Y
KCpI1CTaH, Ae<PCPMaJ.ll1CHj.f paA. OHa ce Ac6l1ja a'KC ce CA Kl1HeTI1'4Ke
eHeprl1je, Kojy je OWCTeM J>fMac npe cYAapa, {)Ip;y3Me Kl1iHe'm4Ka eHep-
l"I1ja HenCOpeAH'O nCCJIe cYAapa :
W, . v,'+m .
2 _ - - 2
. v t - m';! V
2
- ,.,+ ''')
3a'MeHOM v,' H v/ rcpe Haljem1M j.f3pa3WMa Acol1he ce nOCJIe
cBcljelba
W (I K
' m. m, (v. + VJ2
,= - -) --- .
m,+m
2
2
Y CJIY4ajy rrCTnYHC eJIaC1'I14HCr CYAapa je K = 1 11 Ta:zja je W. = 0
Tj. je rroTlIIYHc eJIaC'l"I1'lHa 11 MaTepl1jaJI 113Meljy MaJba 11
Ha'KOBlba Hehe ce nJIaC'I'Jof'l'HC lJ,ecpCp1IUrCaTl1.
3a rrcTI1'YH'O 'HeeJIaC'I'l1'faH CYAap, Ka'KaB ce Y l1lJ,eaJI,Hi>M c.rry'fajy
CA'l1rpaBa rrpl1 KCBalbY, 6whe K = 0, npl1 "[eMY m, c6YXBaTa Ma'ey Ha-
KOBlba 3aje,!\Hc ca MaTepl1jaJIOM. Je):lHa"ll1'Ha 3a W, nracwfie 3a oBaj
CJIY4aJ

m
2
OBa jeAHa411Ha 3a W" Kcja Ba}!{H caMC 3a cJIY'faj 4eK'l1ha ca ):\80'-
C'l'pYK'l1M lJ,ejC'l'BOM, Aaje oHaj Aec KJ1HeTJoNKe eHeprnje KOjl1 ce lTpeTBa-
pa Y AecpopMal\MOHl1 paA.
KCA 4eKI1fia ca ,!\BCCTpyKI1M lJ,ejoCTBOM je C6l14HC 111'=111, 11 v, =V,
11 Ta,n;a l1e YK)'ITHa paCrrCJIC}!{I1Ba Kl1.'HeTI141Ka eHeprnja, KO.iy lJ,aje 4eK'l1h,
611Tl1
77
W= 2 mI' VI'
. --2--= nil
KopKCTaH ,!{eo Kl<!He1'U'fKe eHeprI<j e WI A06Khe ce 3a<MeHOM ml = m,
II VI = Vo y jep;Ha'fKIDI 3a WI Tj.
WI = fill .
IIpeMa TOMe ce KO,!{ osor qeKMfia l.\eJTOKynHa pacrrOJIO>KKsa KKHeTI1qKa
eHepmj a rrpeTsapa y KopKCTaH AecpopMaU:HoIDI paA (He y:mMaj yhH Y
olhwp Tpe>be "" eJI aCTM'iHY ,!{ecpopMaIJ;l'rjy eJIeMeHaTa qeKHha), YCJIeA
'{era OS1< qelOfMo! H He 3axTesajy HapO'fHTe TeMeJbe.
Ko,!{ HOpMaJl'HMX qeKMha npocTar '!{ejcTBa je 6p3>fHa HaKOB>ba
II, = 0, a m, > nil '" TaAa rop>ba je,!{Ha'fKHa 3a WI rJIaC>I
WI = ml . VI '
2
1
m,
II-OWTO je paonOJIO>l<1!<Ba l@fHeT>I'fKa eHepp>lja
W = nil . v/
2 '
TO je >l3ry 6JbeHB Kl"'HeT!<'fKa eHeprnj a
W = m
l
. VI ' __ 1 _ _
, 2 '!,1, + 1 .
m
l
yb rop>ber >l3pa3a 3a WI, 3a cJIY"aj qpKlfha jeAHOC'l1pYKor Aej cTsa,
B!<p;J1 ce Aa he 'KOpKCTaH paA WI 6>1T>I YTOJPWKO Beh>l, YKOJIWKlO je O,!{HOC
flIl
_. MaHI . To 3Ha"'f>l Aa he ce YTOJI01KO' Beh'l1 Aeo paCrrOJIO<lHBe KWHe-
nI,
"!<'fKe eHeprI<je WOKlOp!1'CTWT!< 3a AecpopMal.\>lOH'>I paA, YKOJIWKO je y;l\a-
peHa' Ma'ca - HaKOBa>b - Befia y O,!{HOCy Ha y):Iapajyhy Macy - MaJb.
360r Tora ce 3a Te>K>lHY HaKOSFba Y311Ma 06>rmr0 12 -;"' 20-CTPYKa Te>K>lHa
MaJba, WTO o,!{POBapa ry6WTKy OA OKO 8 -;... 5%.
v13pa3!< 3a Kl!<HeT!<'I'KY eHepp>lj y WI , wCKopl1l.UfieHY 3a ,!{ecpopMa-
I..\>lOH>I pa,!{, ,l{06HjeH'>! oy nOA npeTrrOCTaSKOM nOTrryHe nJIaC'l'H"IHe ,!{e-
cpopMal.\>lje rrp>l je Koecpmll'fieHT cy,!{apa K = O. MeIjYTI1M, y CTBap-
HOCT>I cy,!{ap _je nOTrryHO nJIaCT"qaH 360r eJIaCTW<HOCT!< eJIeMeHaTa
C>lCTeMa a HapOq!<To MaJba >I HaKOBlha. CYAapa MO>Ke np"
TOMe Aa AOCT>lTHe >I speAHocT 0,!1 K = 0,5. DpY! HopMaJPH"M YCJIOBl1'Ma
pa,l1a qeK>!ha !< HOpMaJI HI1M TeMnepaTy pa<MB 3arpesaFbu MaTep"jaJIa
Bpe,l1HOCT Koecp>!l.\I<j eHTa cy,l1apa rrpoCeQHO H3H'QC!< K 0, 3 H 3a OBY
spe,!{HocT i106Khe " 3pB3 3a WI , 3a QeKKfi ABoCTpYKor ,l1ejCTBa, 06JI>lK
WI= (I- K') m
l
v
l
'=0,91m
l
1'1'
a 3a qe!<Mh npOCTor ",\ejCTBa
WI = ( I - K' )
2
__ 1_ =0,91
5.. + 1
m, +1
m'.! fll:!
78
CJl060.l\HOna.l\HlI '.eKlth
CJl060.l\HOna,l\HI< '{e!U1h je '{eKJ<"fi npOCTor ,l\ejcTBa, KO,l\ Kora ce KI<-
HeTJ<",{KB eHeprnja ,l\06.-rja c.n060,l\RHM na,l\aJ-beM MaJba .
.nJ<"3BJ-be MaJba MO}l<e ,l\a ce Bpllm Ha pa3JIJ<"'{J-lTe Ha'-lJ<:FIe. Ko,l\ '-Ie-
Kl-tha npeMa CJI. 77 Be3aH je MaJb 3a TeKCTI<JlHI< KaJ<llJ KOjl< ce H8MD-
TaBa Ha BaJbaK. TIPI< nYillT8J-bY '{e-
y oCJI06alja ce B8JbaK
nmrohy cnojHl1l.\e 11 MaJb T8,lIa CJrO-
60,n:HO na'.l\a Ha'HI<JKe o'ilMOTaBajyllli
KaJ1UJ. Ko,l\ Malb'l1X '{eKJ-lha ce MaJb
.l{I1)Ke PY'fHl1J1' 3aTe3al-beM CJI060l1ROr
KPaja Ka!J1.ll.la, rrpe6a'.eHor npeKo
BaJbKa. K8J<UJ, Kao eJleMeHaT 3a ,l\J1-
CJI. 77. - CJI050i\HO-
na,ltHI1 '-leKHh ca )l.J-13a-
lbeM MaJb8 nOMohy
KaMwa
Cn. 78. - CJJ06o,n:Hona,ltHlf 1.1eKMh ca .rtJ-l3a-
theM M8Jba nm.why ,ltaCKe, a6pl1KaTa
.,MunkteUs". T eJKJ-IH3 MaJba 800 Kr. Te:mI1Ha'
HaKOBf-ba 12300 Kf. MaKCJ1MaJIHI1 xo,n; 1,8 M,
narOHeKa CHara 1,4 K. c. 1 - MaJb, 2 -
ztaCKa, 3 - no.nyra .18 nYWT8a.e Y pa,lt,
4 - 3ape3I1 38 pery JlJ.1C8tbe BHCYlHe nBAa,
5 - rpaHJ1'-1FUIK
38J-be M8Jba, ynOTpe6JbaBa ce 3a '-IeKJ1he Te>IOfHe MaJba .D:O 2000 Kr. , a
BI<CJ<He n8,lla 110 4 M.
KOI1 '{en<I1h'a npJ<"Ka3aHOr Ha CJI . 78, B'pllIl1: ce ilil13aJ-be MaJba, npJ-t-
,{Bprn.fieuor 3a l1a:cKy, IIOMOhy CPPJ-fKl..\I<OH11X TO'fKOBa. KOH.cTpyKl..\l<ja
MexaIDf3Ma 3a iJil13aJ-be OBor '{eKll1ha 6J1t,e MaJIO IDDKe l1eTaJbH'O OITJ1CBHa.
79
K>!HeT>I'fKa eHeprl1ja, KOjOM MaJb paorro.rnnKe y TpeHYTKY y,!\apa,
m . v!!
je,llHaKa je W = _ ' _
2
- , r'!\e je v 6p:3>l!Ha MaJba y TpeHY'IlKy y,!\apa; cma
ce HaJIa:m 113 je,llHaKOCT>! KIDleTlI'IJ{e eHeprl1je MaJba 11 pa,!\a Te>KJrne
MaJba Ha ITYTY na,!\a h:

+m,.v"=jm,.g .dh =m,.g. h HJlH
aKO ce 3aHeMape TpeH>e 11: 0'l1ll0P aa3,l\yXa. AIro ce Olm Y3MY Y
063>!p 6l1iie rrpl1:6J1IDKHo
v ;"''il 1 ,8 g. h
HajBeha OI1:JIa F" nOTpe6Ha 3a ,!\I1:3albe MaJba Mopa 6= aeha O,!\
fberoae Te)/{llHe ,!\a 611: ce Mace y6p3aJIe Tj. Fi = (l . G r,!\e j e (l > 1.
Y KyrrHO apeMe T,. nOTpe6Ro 3a ><o,!\ Jl'H'3alba, ,!\eJIl1: ce rrpeMa >I-
w epy (Fischer) Ha
t , - apeMe nOTpe6HO 3a nOCTIf3aH.e KOHCTaBTHe 6p311He ,!\113alba Vi
t, - BpeMe 3a Koje jli ,!\l1'3alba V, KOHCTa'HTHa 11:
t3 - apeMe n01'pe6HO 3a ,!\aJbe ,!\I1:3albe MaJba l1.0 OBOf Haj&Hlller
nOJIO>Kaja no rrpeCTaHKy ,!\ejCTBa cl1:JIe ,!\I1:3alba yCJIe,!\ J1Hepql1:jaJIHl1X
Cl1JIa (CJI. 79).
3a apeMe tl ,!\eje-rayje paBIHOMepHo-y6p3asajyha C>lJIa F o . npl1
"eMY i5p3J1Ha paCTe JIJ1'HeapRO O,l\ 0 l1.0 v,. ;l(OK je y6p3aH>e a KO:HCTaHT-
RO. ilP11 3a1ieMapeH.Y Tpefba 6"he
o V
= - . --'- = F, - 0 = 0 (Ct - 1) ,
g "
,!\OK je 6p3J1Ha ,!\I1:3aH.a Vi rrpeMa
ropH.oj je,llHa'<!lffi"
1I,=(Ct- 1) " ,'g
1
1
= __ V_, _
((- l)g
Dt. 79. - ,u;"j arpaM 3aa"CHOCT" 6p-
3HHe O,lt apeMeHa
B"cJ1Ha Ha KOjy ce MaJb ,!\I1:>Ke 3a Bpe'Me t, je hI. ilolll'I1o je rrpoMe-
Ha 6p3}f1{e TO je
1
h,='2' v, i,.
ITo ,!\OCTl1:fHyhy BI1:CJ1He hI nOCTaje 6p3l1Ha v, 'KOHCTaH'fHa, ,!\OK je
y6p3aBajyha CI1:JIa pasHa RY=, a =a 113Wf3alba F, = G. O,!\foaapajyha
al1:CJ1Ha h, 6uhe
80
ITo npeCTaRKY ,l\ejcTBa Cl-lJle Fi
I.., J _ ____ _
"": ! I
I ~ ~
HaC'l'aj e nepM'O,l\ y6paalba 11 MaJb
ce ,l\I1JKe YCJleA mrepl.(l1j e j ow 3a
H3BecHY BWCl1!!iY ha Y BpeMeH)'
t :l . OBa BMCJ1'Ha j e
h _ vo"
3 -
2g
'
!
-<:;:-
r ~ I ~ + - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - + -
- t, I.
la =..!i.
g
- - I
en. 80. ,nl-ij a rpa M 3a B JilCHOCT11 BWCI1He
.n;Hjal'paM rrpoMeHe BHOl1'He h Y 3a-
BMCHOCrn ~ speM6Ha ,l\H3alba I1Ma-
he 06J1MK npeMa CJI. 80.
J.1:3AH3afba OA BpeMeHa
"YKyrnra BMCoJma H3,l\113<llba j e
H = h, + h" + h" = -2
1
. Vi I, + V, I .. + vo"
- 2g
Yl JlI1
VI:! v!!
H= +v, I .. + ~ .
2g (u.- l ) - 2 g
I . = ~ _ __ V, V,
- V, 2g (f( - I ) '2g
"Y'KYll!FlO BpeMe ,l\113a lba MaJba Ha BHO>!lHy H j e .
T
+ +
Vi ' J-/ v. ~ + . . __ .:2 . _ a_ +!i .
, = I, ' " I" = --- + -. - -----.
g(a-I) v, 2// (CI. - l ) 2g g 2g a -I Vi
B paMe 'na,l\a!ba ca BHC>rHe H je
a Y'KY'I]RO speMe 3a j e,l\aLY paARI1 11 noBpaTRl1 J(0,l\ npl1 HenpeKHAHCYM -
aYTOMaTcKoM paAY
T =, Ti + Tp ,'
AOK j e 6poj YAapal.\a Y M>fHYTI1
60
11 =
T
Ep311Ra YAapa 1<:OA qeKl1ha ca CJl 060,l\H'l1'M naAOM 113HOCY! 0611'1HO
5+6 mis, a 6p3MHa 113A>laal-ba "'. = 1 ~ 2 m/s.
81
IIpm<ep: 3a B>fCI1RY i<3,!\l'13aH>a H=2 m, 6p3mty i<3,!\l'13aFha V, = 1
ml sec >f a = 1,5 6>fhe BpeMe >f3A>f3aFha
T , = ~ . ~ H
2g a- I V,
BpeMe n1l\I\aEba 6Hhe
. 2 =2, 15 s.
2 . 9,81 0,5 I
Tp =y2/=
22
m=0,64 s .
.a BpeMe j e,llHor A)"l1JlOr XOAa
T=T,+T
p
=2, 15+0,64=2,79 s.
en. 81. - Mexmm3aM il a AH38 1-be MaJba ca A8CKOM
6 MawlilHe aJIaTKe
82
Kpajl-ba 6p3illi a n8Aal-ba MaJba 6Mhe
v= \i 2g t-/ =\( 2.9,81.2=n,3mjs
a 6poj YAapal\a Y MHHyTM
60 60
n= - = --- =21,5
T 2,79
Ko:!\ 'le,JOffia rrpmm3aHor Ha CJI. 78 'MaJb je npw!BpurneH 3a ,l.\aCKY,
Roja je rrpM ,!\H3al-by rrpMTHCHYTa H:3'Mel)y ABa TO'lKa-BaJbKa,
KOjH CBOjl'lM QlKj)eTal-beM ,l\IKlKy ca MaJbeM.
CaM MeXBHI13BM 3a ,lIl13al-be MaJba
rrpHKa3aH je Ha CJI. 81. )lacKa 2, Roja
je rrpWIspurneHa 3a MaJb 1 KJB1l{OBHMa,
HaJI83M ce M3Meijy ABa TO'lKa 3 M 4.
CBaRM 0):\ OBMX TO'lKOBa I1Ma CBOj
rroce6aH rroroH; TO'laJl{ 3 ,l.\'o6Mj a rrOTOH
OA KBJ1U1HI1Ka 5, a TOQ8K 4 0,11 KBl1U1-
fIJ1l.{a 6. Y rrepMO,llH AM3aIDa MaJba
rrpMTMCKyjy TO'lKOBM 3 M 4 Aa-
CRy KOj a ce rIpM OKpeTal-bY TO'TKOBa
en. 82. - TeMeJbW qeKI-1ha rrpeMa eJl. 78
Cn. 83. -
l.JeKHft "Emrich"
a YCJJeA TpeFba AJflKe ,/\'0 TpeHyTKa KaAa J{crryrrQelbe 7 Ha MaJbY He ,110-
AMpHe rpBHI1'fH'I11{ 8 M rroBY'Ie nOJI y r y 9. IIOBJIaQeI-bE"M rroJIyre 9 oKPehe
ce nOJIyr a 10, 'TI1Me ce eKcQeHTpl1'lHO rrOCTaBJbeHO BpaTMJIO B TO'l'Ka 4
o,!.\'Baja 0,11 AaCKe, Y TOM TpeHyTKY rrpMxBaTajy ,!.\'Be CTere 11 M 12 Aa'cRY,
KOja TaAa OCTaje y 113AI1rHyToM rroJIo')I{ajy. )la 611 ce rrpOM3Beo naA
83
MaJba, OTBapa ce roPlba CTera npHTHCKOM sa nOJlYry 3a nyurraH>e 'Ie-
JOI!;a Y PM (Bl1;I{}l ,lIeo 3 Ha CJJ. 78), qHMe ce 110KpeT rrpeHOCH sa eKC-
J.:ieH'Tp>t'lH0 l10CTaBJbeHY ,lIecRy CTery H HCTy OTBapa. IIoJJo>Kaj JJeBOr
TO'lKa 3 H JJeBe CTere 11 MO)Ke ce perYJlJ1"caT>t rrpeKO nOJlyra ca 33,l\H>e
CTp3!He qeWliha (H'a JJeBo).
LJ:ID'IeH3Hje Te",eJba qeK>tha npHKa3asor Ha CJJ. 78 ,lIaTe cy Ha CJJ.
82. Jl[3Mel)y TeMeJba H nOC'i'OJba 'telGfha CTaBJba ce ,lIaCKa O,ll 2,5" ,lIe6JbH-
He pa,l\>t aMOpTJ1"3aI.{J1je.
Ha CJJ. 83 npHKa3aH j e CJJ06o,llHona,!(IDI qeKJ1"h KOjH Kao eJIeMeHT
3a ,lI>t3al-be MaJba l1Ma TaKOl)e ,lIaCKy. OM ce O,ll rrpeTXO,llHOr pa3.ID1KYie
CBOj OM BeJl'>th."OM 110BPIIDlROM MaJba H SaKOBEba, a CJIY)IGI 110rJIaBHTO 3a
KOBalbe, >t3BJIa'telbe H casMjalbe ,lIeJJOBa o:n JlaKOr MeTaJJa Te saJJa3H
npl1Mesy Y cpa6pJ1"KaMa aeponJJasa.
'1eKJfllM ca CJJ060,l\Hl1M na,llOM Be!;e TelKJ<:He MaJba (.n;o 6000 Kr),
>tMajy Hapo'tJ1"TY ,l\>t3a=y 3a ,lI>t3albe MaJba ca rrorOH01l1 rroMoliy nape
".nH ca6HjeHOr Ba3,l1yxa. 3a Te>Ke 'te1(]1"l;e OBor THna rrp>IMelbyje ce H
JJaH3l.\ KaO eJleleHT 3a ,l\>t3albe MaJba. Ko,ll MO,llep= cJl060JUfon3,Z\HJ<:X
'teK:>rh.a ce A>I3albe MaJba Bpum rryTeM. Ko,ll TaKB=
qeh....ma je AlaJb Be3aH 3a KJJJ<:ITHy rroJJyrY Koja
je ca cBoje ,lIpyre CTpaHe y Be311 ca =n01l1 sa KOjH Y J.:iJ<:.IDIH,l\PY ,lIej -
CTByje YJbe no,ll rrpHT>t OKOM. .
rJIasHY rrp>CVleHy HaJla3e qeKJ1"hH ca CJJ060,l\HID'l rrMOM npH KOBa-
Ihy y KaJJY=a. LJ:a 6H ce cnpe"!J<:Jlo 60'lH0, 1I1el)yc06Ho nOMep3lbe rop-
}bel' >I ,lIOlhel' KaJJYna, MaJb KJlJ1"3H no HapO"!J<:THM BoljJ<:J.:(aMa ca YHY-
TpaIlllbe CTpaHe CTy60Ba qeJrnha.
'1eJOrh.J.! OBe BpCTe HMajy Kao rroroHcKH leXaID{3aM K>tHeMaTC!G1
CJ1CTeM y BHAY MeXaHJ<:3Ma KpHBa]e, eKCJ.:ieSTpa J1JI11 CJIl1'lHO. IIOKpeT ce
ca OBor MexaHJ13"Ma Ha MaJb se rrpeHOCH ,lIl1"peh."I'SO, Be!; npeKO :lMOPTIl-
3epa. Ka,lla se 6H 6>tJJ0 aMOpT>oaJ.:(Mje ?mpao 6H, y cJJY"!ajy KIJYTor KH-
SeMaTCKOr CHCTeMa, M'aJb ,lIa npO,ll>tpe y MaTepMj aJl lIP rryHor XO,lla Mc.Jba
mTO 6H lImrJlO J13a3BaTl1 JTOM noje,ll>tiiHX eJleMeHaTa 'teK>liia.
'1eKl1IDl ca aMOPT>t3al.\l1:j01l1 ynOTPe6JbaBaj y ce 3a JlaKWe PMOBe
rrpH <:JJ060,ll!H01l1 KOBalbY.
IIpe1lIa BpCTl1 31IfOpTlnaJ.:(J<:je ,lIeJle ce OBH 'teJOlM sa CJle,lle!;e );:OH-
CTpYKl.\l1:je:
1) qeKHh ca B33:n;ytllHOM a'fOpT>t33l.\>tioM,
2) qel<lID ca r)'MeHoM aMOpTH3aI.{J1joM H
3) qei<>rh. ca onpY>KHoM
'le-x:un cn BCl3O..Yl!HO..l< MO>Ke 6HT>t ,lIBoj aKe KOH-
cTpYKl\>f.le. 0 npBOj KOHCTPYX11WJI1 c.iI."!l'4,""eKcJ.:ieHTap 1 110Kpe!;e npeKo
nOJlyra 2 H 3 4 KJII13H 110 Bol)l11.\aMa. Y OBOM ID<JT>tH,lIPY
HaJJa3>! ce KJII1TI 5, KOjH je npeK'o nOJlY,e 6 Be3aH 3a MaJb 7. Y TpesyTKY
y,llapa 'IaJba ce Y,lIapaJ.:( Ha Taj Ha'lHH, urro ce Ba3,l1yx Y J.:iJ<:-
JTI1ll;Iij)Y 4 ca rop}be CTpase KJIIffia ca6Mja. Y TpeHYTKY 0,l\H3alba KJT>tna
ca6J1j a ce, )'CJle,zJ; HHepIlMje KJJJ<:na H MaJba, Ba3,l1yX ca ,lIO}be cTpaHe KJT>t-
na. IIpHTI1CaK Ba3;!1.yxa Y UI1IDIH,lIPY MO>Ke ce perYJII1car'>! nOMohy BeH-
TI1J1a Ha J.:(I1ID1HAPY 4 (Ha CJT>tJ.:(J<: ce He BI1,l\>t), a Tl11Ile ce peryml111e H
aMOp1'J1"3aUl1ja.
84
CJI. 84. - ca Ba3)lYWHO!lll 3MOP'IlJtI 331..V' ljOM - MaJb Be3aH 3 3 KnI'tn
en. 85. - 't.{eKHh ca B33):(YWHOM 3MOPT1If33QHjOllot - M3Jb Be3aH 33 :Q.J.1JU1HAap
85
.l!:pyra DBDr 'felGfha l1Ma TaKDlje BaSA)'lUHY aMOp-
TI13au;>ljy ('CJI. 85), C8!MD ca TOM paSJIWKDM, IllTO je MaJb rrpWUlptuheH
sa W\.ID!!H,l\ap a He sa KJrnTl. EKCl.\eHTap 1 rrpeKD IIDJfYpa 2 I< 3 IIDl<pel'ie
KJrn3a'l 4, KDj I< j e IIOJIyPDM 5 Besaff sa KJrnn 6. K= 6 HaJIa311 ce y
l.\J1ID!H,lIpy 7, sa KDjM je rrpJ1'lBpIllileH MaJb.
'IeK:J1iiM. ca BasA)'UlHDM aMDp-r113al.\WioM ce ,l\aHaC pelje ynOTpe6Jha-
Bajy, j ep 611Bajy CBe B=e IIOTMCKl1BaHl1 MD,lIepIDIM Ba3,l\yll.1!H1'1M '1eKJ1-
fu,[Ma, KDA I<'DjJ1X ce y je,1\lHOM l.\J1.ID1li;1{\)Y JqJelie Kmm Ha 'll1jeM je Kpajy
MaJb, AOK ce Y ,lIPyPOM ql<JIMH,lIP:Y Kpehe K= KDM'ITpecopa. 0 Ba3,,lIYIllHl1M
'1eKMhl1Ma 611lie pe'l11 MaJID Ka=>lj e.
1.J eKu,1l ca ZY.M>e1iDJ" a..lWpTU3a U O.M>. Ha CJI. 86 npmcas8JH je IIPWH-
l.\"l1fl 'I ca M al'mpTJ13al.\>lj0M. MaJh 1 "aJIa311 ce Ha Kpa]y
,lIBOKpaKe IIDJfYre 2 (KD,lI Mal-bMX '1elOllia je asa IIDJfYra O,ll ,l\PBe<ra). KaD
aMOpTI<3aQl1ja cJIy>Ke '1eTJ1pl< ryMeHa aMDpT>!3epa 3, 4, 5 11 6, D,lI KDjMX
ce rrpBa Tpl< HaJIa3e Ha IIDKpeTHOM eJIeMewry 7, ,lIOK ce aMDpTI<3ep 6
HaJIa3>! Ha HeIIoJqJeTHDM ,lIeJIY MaurnHe. IIorOH ce IIpeHDCl< ca KW!IDH_a
9 rrpeKO eKcqeHT-pM'fHO IIpHKJby'leHe IIOJIyre 8 Ha IIOJqJeTID! eJIeMeH!lT
7. IIpeMa TDMe ce npl< paA)' rYMeHI< aMDpT113ep11 HaM3MeIDt'fHD DiiTepe-
liyjy. :&PDj Y,lIapaqa ce nDBeliaBa, O,llHOCHD cMalbyje 3a>re3a1beM MJrn
OTnYWTalbeM SaTe3a'la Kal<llla 10.
HajnD3HaT.l jl< '1eKMIi DBor TI<na je Bpe,llJIejeB (Bmdley) - '1eKI<l;..
Te>K11Ha MaJba 'feK11lia ca rYMeHoM aMDp">I3aq>ljDM Kpelie ce O,ll 12-;-100
kg., a 6PDj y,llapau;a Y MWHYTI1 O,ll 400-;-225.
tfeKtL1;.u Clk DnpY:JIcHoJ" a.,w KO',lI OBe !>pC'Te 'fe!01lia KaD
eJI eHT 3a aMOpTJ13a1\I1JY cJfY}!{J1 CI<CTeM Drrpyra. Orrpy re HeMajy CaMD
3a,llaTaK aMDpT>!3DBal-ba npl1 rrpoAl1paH,y MaJba y MaTep>ljaJI, Beli M
nDja"laBafba ,lIej'cTBa y,llapl.\a nOBelialbeM Kpajlbe 6p3>tHe MaJba. HajBelie
,lIej-CTBD H8'CTalie y TpeHyTKY pe3DHRHl.\e, Ka,lla CDrrCTBeHa <ppeKBeH1\11ja
CMCTe.m nDCTaHe je,llHaKa 6pO<jy D6pTa TIOrOHCKDr .. ,exaHI<3Ma.
Haj-rrpo'CTI<jl< CI<CTeM '1eKl1lia ca onpyroM npeTCTaBJheH j e Ha CJI.
87. MaJb Mace m Be3aH je 3a Qlrrpyry (r.16IbeBe), KDja ce oneT rroJqJehe
rrpeKD MeXaHI<3Ma JqJl1Baje.
CaMa Qlnpyra 'ce npDpa'lyHaBa Ha Taj Ha'l1<'H, IllTD ce Dcql<.roDBa1be
Cl1CTeMa nDcMaTpa 3a cJ1y
c
laj np>IHy,llIDfX DCl.\I1JIal.\">Iia ca npwrYWl<Balbe".
86
jeAf{a'tl1Ha 3a Taj cJlY'laj i'JlaCH
d
2
x dx
m - +k - + c X= Fo ' sin wi .
dl" dl
d" x
m -
dl"
npeTCTaBJba CHJIy (m - Maca MaJba 3aHeMapyjy1\H MaCY
orrpyre).
dx
L{pyrH 'lJlaH k - rrpeTCTaBJba CHJlY rrpHrYUlHBalba. ORa je npo-
dl
TpelbeM H3Mel)y eJIeMeHaTa CI1CTeMa H .lI'PY1'HM
OTTIOpl1Ma (OTnop Ba3.l\yxa 11T.l\.) , TaKO .l\a k npeT-
CTallJba oay CHJIy npmyUlHB8H>a, Iroja HaCTaje rrpl1
6p3HH'I1 O.l\ 1 m/sec.
Tpeh.H 'lJIaH (' . x rrpeTCTaBJba CHJlY y onpy3H
(rrpH Hanpe3albY HanO.l\ rpaID!l(e rrponopl.\HOHaJIHO-
=), r.l\e je C KOHcraHTa orrpy re, Tj. CI1JIa y Orrpy3H
rrpH orrpyre O.l\ x = 1 em.
OBe TpH CHJIe .l\ej CTBy j y cyrrpO'l1H'O nO'KpeTa'I Koj
eJ1.nH Fo' sin wi, a paBse cy HCTOj . Fo je Haj Beh.a
- nOKpeTa'lKa CHJIa y npaBl1'Y KpeT8H>a, .l\OK j e w -
\ p raoHa 6p3Jffia, a t - BpeMe .. flipe1lm TOMe je nOKpe-
'-...1/Ta'lJ{8 CWJIa CI1HYCHa cpYH'Kl.\11J a.
Pa.l\H pemelba r oplbe .lIHcpepeHl.(Mj aJIHe j e,lIHa-
'rYIHe, npeTTIOCTaBJba ce .l\a peilielbe .l\aj e CHHYCHY
IDIiHHj y ca npl1HY.lI'HOM cppeKBeHl.\HjoM w H Ta.l\a cy
CBe 'leTJ1pH CHJIe y rOPlboj j e,llHa'lHHH Cl1IHYCHI1 Ta-
JIaCH ca cppeKBeHl.\MjOM w. CKpeTalbe x MO}!(e ce
Ta.l\a rrperCTaBHTH ca x = xO' sin (wl-'p), l',lIe j e Haj-
Beh.e cKpeTalbe xo Kao H nOMepalbe y CP83H rp H3Mel)y
CI1J1e H cKpeTalba jOUl Hen03HaTO.
CJI. 87. - illeMa 'Ie-
lOlha ca onpYJKHOM
a MOpTH33I.{J1'joM
L{HcpepeHl.\HpalbeM j e.l\'Ha'iJ1.He 3a x H 3aMeHOM
y roPlbOj j e.l\Ha'lHHH paBHOTe}!(e <mJIa ,ll;06l1he ce
- m w" xosin ( wl-'p) +k w xo cos (wl-'P) +
3a
wl- <p = 90
0
6ahe
Fo . sin wi = Fo . sin (90 + 'p) = Fo . cos <p ,
.l\OK je,zJIHa"lHHa pallHOTe}!(e .l\06HBa 06JIHK
- m . w" . Xo + c . Xo - Fo . cos 'p = O.
3a
wl- <p = 0
6ldle
Fo . sin wi = Fo . sin 'P,
87
a jeAHa'IHHa paSHOTe}!{e rJlacl1he
k . w . Xu - F
o
. si n 'I' = 0
BeKTOpcK'I1 ce CI1J1e 3a jeAaH 11 APyrl1 cJlY'laj MOry npeTCTaSKTJ.
npeMa CJI . 88, rAe je xo SepTI1KaJI!HO ynpaSJbeHO HaSl11lle (I!fCTIpeIU1AaHa
JII1J{J1ja aa CJI. 88) . vb nOCJle,zVbe ABe j e.o;Ha'll1He paBHOTe}!{e 3a 06a
c.ny'laj a HaJla3e ce Hen03HaTe Bemr'll1He xo 11 q> ca6apaI-be'M TJ<X j e,l\-
Ha'l>tHa A>ITHJ''I'I1X aa KBa.rwaT.
J;13pa3 3a XII r JlaCM
y _ Fo
- (k (til" + (c - m w")'
<pa3HJ1 YTao 'P ,l\06J1ja ce AeJbelheM APyre
jeAHa'nrne ca 1TpBOM:
k w
tg'P= ----
c-m w'
UPI1 BPJlO MaJl>rM OCI..(I1J1al..\l1jaMa (w "'" 0),
6ahe I1Hepl..\l1jaJlHe caJIe 'M CI1JIe npl1rymaaalba
BPJIO MaJle, TaKO ,l\a je Fo = c XO, a 'P = O. Ca no-
pacToM cj:>peKBeHnl1j e paCTe 11 CJ1JIa nparYlliJ1Balha,
a jOlli 6p>Ke pacTy IDlepl..(I1jaJIHe O>!JIe. Ca nopa-
CTOM w paCTe 11 'P 11 Y TpeHYTKy Ka,l\a ,l\OCTMrHe
BpeAHOCT O,l\ 90, 6J1fte l1Hepl..(l1jaJIHa cJ1JIa jeA-
HaKa C':!JIH Y onpy311 Tj. {>r3 npse je,l\Ha'lli'He)
m . (02 . Xo = C Xo
? t
X
,
I
,
mw'x.
ex.
KWX.
en. 88. - BeKTopcK3
npeTCTaa3 CJ1na
C .
wmr w' = - . 0BO je cJIY'Iaj pe30HBrHI..\e. CI1JIa y Onpy311 je TB,l\a (113 AP),!,e
m
jeAHa'll1He paBHOTe}!{e) Fo=k' (II' xo. Y c.rry'lajy pe30HaHl..\e je YTao'P=90
0
11 He3aBJ1:CaH OA nparyIllI1Ba:>ba.
IIpeMa TOMe, npl1 MaJlMM cj:>peKBeHl..(I1jaMa cnOJbHe CI1J1e Fo ,l\ej-
CTByje MCTa HacynpoT CI1.m1 y onpy311; npl1 SI1COKJ1M cj:>peKBeHl..\J1j.aMB,l\ej -
c'I'Byje aCTa HacynpoT CJ1JJJ1 y Onpy3J1; npJ1 BJ1COK>rM cj:>peKBeHl..\l1jaMa ,l\ej -
y paBHOTe}!{11 ca CJ1JIOM npl1ryDlJ1Balba.
):(a 611 ce Ha1llJIO Haj Beile cKpeTalhe 3a cJIY'Iaj pe30HaHl..\e, Tpe6a y
jeAHa'lI1HI1 3a xo 3aMeHI1TI1 w = "ff .
TaAa ce A0611j a
. F
o

k . w
<PaKTOp nparYllII1Balha k o,l\peljyje ce el{CmepaMeHTaJIlHO 3a no-
CTojeily KOH'CTPJ"K1.(l1jy, a1<O ce OC1..\I1JIyjyheM DJ1CTeMY ,l\a ""3BecTaJH >rM-
nyJIC 11 nocMaTpajy OAHOCHO Mepe Y3aCTonaa DKpeTalba Kpaja onpyre.
AMTIJII1TYAe OBJ1X cKpeTalha Tpe6a ,l\a anaAajy no r eoMeTpwjc'Koj npo-
rpecJ1j11 Tj.
x. = x, x /+, = const.
XI x:! x:
1
XI
88
cl>8JKTOP npHrYllUm3H>a k HaJIa311 ce TaAa 113 JIOrapHTaMCKOr AeKpe-
MeHTa 3a npBy H i-Ty aM'lIJIl1TYAY
X, . k T
1n -=(/-I) --,
XI m
201:
r,lle je T= - BPeMe OCl\MJroBalba Tj.
(U

T i-I x,
Pa'IyHCIrn ce <paKTOP k TelllKO MOlKe
Ta '{HO o,llpe,lll1TJo1 yCJIe,ll pa3HJo1X Ha
npl1ryrul1Balbe (TPelbe lOMel}y JIloICTOOa onpy-
r e, Tpelbe y JIernIIITHMa 11 OTlIOp
Ba3AYxa HT,ll.). IIo,ll npeTnOCTaBKOM cJIa60r
rrpl1rYUII1Bafba MOlKe ce k Haiu! H3
k < 0,4 r;n:c.
rope npHKa3aHH npopa'IyH qeKHha je
TeoPMCKJoI, ,!\OK lie MaJIO HMJKe 6MTJoI npJofKa3aH
nyT 3a npaKTM'!B<H npopa'I)"H TaKBOr 'IeKMlia.
}f3rJIeA 'IeKMlia ca OnpyrOM npeMa we-
M)< Ha CJI. 87 AM' j e Ha CJI. 89. TellOl'Ha lbe-
rOBor MaJba je 25 kg, a y MJ1-
MyTI1 250; HajBeliJ1 XOA MaJha OKO 200 mm.
BP30XO,!(HM 'I'M'll OBe BpCTe MMa 450 YAapal.\a
eJI. 89. - l 'brJIeA 'IeKMha ca y MMHyTI1 npM XOAY MaJha o,!( ORO 100 mm.
caB"jeHoM onpyrOM ,[(pyrM Twn ca o'IIpyroM AaT je
WeMaTCKI1 Ha CJI. 90. Orrpy ra (rI16afb) 2 3a
l1Ma xOplf3OHTaJIaa nOJIo>Kaj ; OHa je Ha cpeAIDiM cTerHYTa
06yxBa'I1Hl1M OKOBOM 3 ca PYKaBl.\MMa, TaKO Aa ce l.\eJIa onpyra MO>Ke
OIq)eTaTl1 OK'O cBoje cpe,!(IDie. Ha AeCHOM Kpajy onpyre npM'iBpwhe!H je
MaJh 4, ,!(OK je 3a JIeBlf Kpaj Be3aHa cnojKa 1, Koja je 'CBOjYfu'l1 AOfbl1M Kpa-
jeM rrpH'IBpWheHa 3a eK'Cl.\eHTap. CnojKa 1 je CaCTaSJheHa oA ABe nJhOC-
HaTe onpyre y BJ1AY nJIo'Ia, TaKO Aa je CMCTeM CaCTaBJhe'H o,!( ABe
onpyre: onpyre 1 If onpyre 2.
IIpopa'IYH oEor 'IeRMha je I1CTOBeTaH npopa'rylHy npeTXOAHOr Tl1na
'IeKl1ha ca onpy>K'HOM caMO Tpe6a OBAe Y3eTM y 063lfP
,!\Be KOHCTaHTe onpyre CI 11 C2. 3ajeAHM'l'Ka KOHCTBJ-ITa C HaJIa311 ce 'lia
CJJe,!(ehl1 Ha'Dlfl .
Ha je,!(HY M Ha APyry onpyry AejcTByje J1CTa cl1JIa, a ,!(e<PopM8l.\l1je
. ' . 1 I
KpaleBa orrpyra nOA Ae]CTBOM cJoIJle OA 1 kg jecy - II - {M3JIa3'l1 M3
c
J
c
2
Ae<pMHMl.\Hje KOHCTaRTe onpyrel. YKym<a ,!(egJOpMal.\Hja 3a CI1JIY OA 1 kg
1 1 I
je TaAa - + - . OBaj 36l1p Mopa 6l1Tl1 - , r,ll(' je C YKY'I1'Ha KOR-
c, c. c
CTaHTa o6ej y onpyra. IIpeMa TOMe je C CI1JIa y onpy raMa npM YKYrnwj
)le<popMal.\Hjlf o,!( 1 cm Tj.
1
c=---

c
J
c
2
89
r,qe je CI KORCTaHTa onpyre 1, a c. KOHCTaHTa onpyre 2 Tj. Co je O'Ha
c>!Jla Ha Kpajy onpyre 1, np>! KOjoj je YKynHa Mel)yco6Ha ,qecPopMaLll1:ia
Kpaj eBa onpyre 2 je,qRa!Ka 1 em.
z
p
---
en. 90. - illeMa ca npaSOM onpyrOM
ITpaKT>!'!aH npopa'ly>H '1elUfha ca orrpY>K'HOM a'MOpTl13aI.(>1joM M'O)!(e
ce rrpeMa 3>IM>rny crr'POBecT>! 'Ha cJIe,qel;>! Ha'DIH.
HajBe.I;e CKpeTalf>e JleBOr Kpaja rl16lf>a (Ta'IKa A Ha CJI. 91) , nOCMa-
TpaHOr Ka'O KPYT C>!CTeM Tj. 6e3 eJlaCT>!'IHI1X ,qecPopMal\I1ja, 6!1he
Xo = 2 . b . tg ,
r,qe je t3 yrao CKpeTaIba He,qecPopM11-
caHe orrpyre 113 cpeWDer rroJl'O)!(aja.
360r MaJle spe,l\lHoCTJ.! yrJla t3 Mo)!(e
ce 3a'MeHMTI1 tg 11 Ta;lla je
Xo 2
Xo,q -XI) peryJll1Il1e ce npOMe-
HOM KpJ1Baje R eKC-
[jeH'l'pa, npl1 '1eMY nOCToj 11 cJle,qel;a
Be3a I13Mei)y rroJIYrrpe'<HWKa KPl1Baje
R >! CKpeTaH>a Xo
R - _ 0 _ . x
2 b 0
en. 91. O.ll.pebl'lBaJbe NO,ll,a MaJba
1.feKl1ha ca onpY>KHOM aMOpTH3aI..V'ljoM
MaKCMMaJlHa 6p311Ha MaJba MO)!(e ce o,qpe,qI1TI1 npeMa OA'HOCY
V
mox
= illo R . ,
o
r,qe j e lOO yraOHa 6p:n1'Ha Kpl1Baj e C.
90
YXYITHa eHeprHJa Y.lIapa jeWlaKa je
W=W,+W.+WS, r.lle je
W, - nOTemWaJIHa eHeprHja MaJba,
W2 - KMHeTWIKa eHepnlja IqlyTor CKCTeMa,
W3 - lUl'HeTWIKa eHeprHja eJlaCTl1'mOr CI1CTeMa.
ITOTeHl.\1'ijaJIHa eHe'prMja W, :::::: 0,9 G . xo, T.lIe je G TeJlOlHa MaJba,
aKO ce rrpeTnOCTaBI1 .lIa he 90
0
/ 0 :\'lace MaJba .lIejcTBOBaTI1 y The-
TOBor Jq)eTalba.
KI1HeTwrKa eHeprMja KpYTOr CI1CTeMa je.!l:HaKa je
2
m . V
max
2
T.lIe je V
max
MaKCl1MaJIHa 6p3MHa MaJba Ka.lla 611 ri16TheBK 611m1 Jq)yTH.
KWHeTl1'lKa eHeprMja eJlaCTWmDr CKCTeMa je.!I:HaKa je
v, - 6p3MHB' ynl6a.Jba orrpyre,
C - 'KOHCTaHTa orrpyre,
r.n;e je
Xl - ynro orrpyre (MaKCl1MamIa Bpe.n;HOCT 3a Xl 0611'fH0 je
0,5 xo).
Ha OCHOBY ropTher 61111e YKyrrHa pacnoJlo>KMBa eHepr.!ja qeKl1Ba
2 .,
' l! __ 0,9 0 , m . V
max
+ C X,
" .. Xo T -- - 2-- --2-
ybrJleA qeKKfia ca rrpaBoM onpy rOM AaT je Ha 'CJI. 92, .lIOK cy Uia CJl.
93 AaTe OITllPI'e AI1MeH311je OBor ' IeKKfia ca TeMeJbeM ca TOM pa3J1I1KOM,
llITO j e MOTOP nOCTaBJbeH 113Hal\ qeKKha. aBaj qeKl1B n03HaT je jOll 11
no.ll J1MeHOM Aja'l<)c (Ajax) - qeKKli .
.n;pyra Bapl1jama qeKKlla ca xopl130HTaJIHOM onpyroM rrpeTCTaB-
JbeHa je Ha CJI. 94. XOpl130HTaJIHa onpyra 2 je CBOjl1M JleBI1M
h.-pajeM 06pTHa OKO HerrOKpeTHOr AOK je 3a AeCIrn Jq)aj Be3aH
MaJb. IToroH ce rrpeHOCJ1 npeKO eKcueHTpa 11 onpyre 1 Ha onpyry 2. ITO"-
llITO je oBaj CI1CTeM, 'Kao 11 rrpeTXOAHI1, CaCTaBJbeH 0.11 .!!:Be onpyre, TO je
rrOTpe6HO Halil1 YKynHY KOHcTaHTY onpyre C.
KOHCTaHTa orrpyre 1 je Cl, a onpyre 2 Ct. ITOllJTO je CI CI1J1a y orrpy-
311 1 3a 0.11 1 cm, TO je Ae<j:>opMaUl1ja Te orrpyre nOA Aej -
1
CTBOM CI1J1e 0.11 1 kg - . AHaJlorno je nOMepaFbe - Aecpop;""auHja Kpaja
c
l
1
orrpyre 2 nOA .l\ejCTBOM CI1J1e 0.1\ 1 kg X
z
= - . A'KO Ha Kpaj onpyre 2
C
z
AejcTByje CI1J1a 0.1\ 1 kg, .l\ejcTBollahe Ha onpyry 1 CI1J1a 0.1\
I '
F,=-.
a
IT
F,
OMepaThe onpyre 1 nOA AejCTBoM CI1J1e F, 611he TaAa Xl = - . aBOM no-
C,
Mepal-bY O.l\rOBapa Ha Jq)ajy onpyre 2 nOMepalbe 0.11 x' ., Koje ce MO>Ke
Hahl1 113 eJlaCTl1'fHe JlHHMje caBl1jeHe onpyre 2 Y3J1Majylil1 y 06311P rrpo-
y.eHJbI1BI1 rrpeceK orrpyre.
91
eJI. 92. - "tfeKHh. ca npaaOM
onpyr01\1 " Dieudonne Mont-
baTd" - Te>Kl1Ha MaJba 40 kg.
HajaehH X O ~ MaJba 170 mm,
MaKCJ1ManHM 6poj y a p a u a
350Ir.U1H., norOJ-ICKa CHara
5+ 7 k. s.
en. 93. - OnwTe Jl..,I MeH3J.1j e '-l eKJilha npYlKa1aJiOr Ha en. 92
~
IIpe:\1a TOMe, aKO Ha ,lIeCHOM Kpajy orrpyre 2 ,lIejcTByje O!J1a OA 1 kg,
6J1l1e YKYITHO nOMepaH>e OBor Kpaja je,llHaKO 36J1py nOMepaH>a YCJle,ll
en. 94. - llleMa l.IeKJ1ha ca XOpJt30H'raJIHOM
onpyroM (I\pyra BapHjaHTa)
,lIejcTBa CJ1J1e O,ll 1 kg Ha
onpyry 2 J1 ,lIejcTBa CJ1J1e
FI Ha OJ1pyry 1 Tj. X =
= X2+X2'.
CJ1J1a Ha 'Kpajy onpy-
reo 2 npJ1 nOMepaH>Y OBor
Kpaja 3a 1 cm Ti. yxyrrHa
KOHCTaHTa C CJ1CTeMa 0-
npyra 6J1l1e jeAHaxa pe1\Y1-
npoLlI-roj Bpe,llHOcTJ;! yKyn-
Hor nOMepaH>a
I
C= --
x" +x/
IIolllro nOKpeTa'-lKa
CJ1J1a Fo . sin wi He ,lIej-
cTByje y npaBl\Y Kpe-
Taiba Mace 1n, TO ce OHa
Mopa pe,llY'KOBarJ1 Ha raj
CJI. 95 - qeKHh ca XOpu30HT8m'IOM onpyroM "Aeschbacher"
i ....13Jba 100 kg, norOHCKa CHara 6--;""- 7 k. s.
rrpaBau Te y paHl1Je Hal}eHoM H3pa3Y 38 Xo l'pe6a craBH'nI
Fo = Fo'. a ,
I
TAe je Fo' nOKpeTa'I'Ka CHJla Ha MecTY npHKJhy'iKa onpyre 1.
M3rJleA OBor 'ieKillIa, </Kja je Il1eMa AaTa Ha CJI. 94, npHKa3M1 je Ha
CJI. 95, AOK cy OrrIl1Te AHMeH3Hje 'ieK.ma H TeMeJha AaTe Ha CJI. 96. fpaAe
ce 3a Te>KHHe MaJba O'A 30-;..200
kg. ,I:(a 6H ce BHCHHa
H3Me1w MaJha H HaKOBlba MO-
rJla npJ<JlaroAJ<TI1 BHCHlHI1 pa7l-
Hor npeAMeTa, rrpeABl1l)eHa je
KOA OBe KOHCTpYKl{Hje Moryli-
HOCT BUCl1HCKOr nOAeIl1aBalba
MaJha (>Ia CJI. 95 11 96 BHAe ce
KOA npHKJhY'fKa Ae0HOT Kpaja
on pyre ABe py ne 3B rrpI1KJhY'!-
Hy OCOB"'HHuY).
HeAOCTaTa!K OBI1X 'ieKI1-
lia j e y TOMe, Il1TO j e 6polj xo-
lI0Ba y MHrryTH npl1 CJla,6Hjl1M
YAapl1UMa 'Malbl1, a npl1 ja'iWM
YAapI.1UMa Belil1. 06pa'l'HO 6H
611J10 60Jhe, jep ja'iJ1 YAapl1l1,
KOjl1 cy nOTpe6HI1 3a AecpopMa-
l1Hjy Te>KI1X AeJWBa, Tpe6a, Aa
6yAY pel)l1, Aa 611 ce I1MaJlO
BpeMeHa -sa oITO'Mepalhe, OAHOClHO
OKpeTalbe MaTepHjaJla.
yaaP1iUX nOBp-
tuU1iQ. KOA 'feKl1Iia ca onpy-
>KHOM aMOpTH3Bl1HjoM, Kao H
KOA APy'THX BpCTa 'feKHha 3a
Cn. 96.
- 1870 -----'
OrrWTe AJ1MeH3wje qeKWna
ITpwKa3aHor Ha CJI. 95
CJl060AHO KOBalhe, YAapHe nOBpIl1HHe MaJha H Ha'KOBlba HMajy paBaR,
rrpaBoyraoHliI a6J1WK . fCJI. 97). TaAa ce 3a 6P30T W3AYJK8Iba Ma-
TepHjaJla, HCTH rroMepa y rrpa'BI1Y I - I, a 3a nOpa"BIb'>1Balbe y rrpaBI1Y
II-II.
en. 97. - PaSHe nOSpWJ1He Cn. 98. 3ao6JbeHe YAapHe
nOSpWJIIHe
Mel}yTl1M, y 3aBlfCHOCTH OA BpCTe paAa Mory ce OBI1 YMeTJ.1H 3<rMe-
HHTI1 H APyrHM, OJ1TOBapa'iyher 06JIHKa. TaKo ce :ia ppy60, 6P30 H3AY>Ke-
9.1
ynoTpe6Jbasajy >1 3a06JbeHe nOSpW>1He MaJba J;t HaKOStba npeMa CJt.
98. OsaKas 06= OMoryfiasa JtaKlllY AecpopMal.\Yljy MaTepKjaJ1a, aJIYI 3aTO
nospwl1.Ha MaTepYljaJta nocTaje raJtacaCTa. 3a06JbE'He nospwYlHe yrro-
Tpe6Jbasajy ce 3a Matbe 'IeKJ<he, AOK ce KOA sel'lYIx ynoTPe6Jbsajy
pasHe nospwMHP ca jaKo 3a06JbE'HHM (nOJJynpe'IHI1K 3a06Jbetba
20..;- 70 mm).
en. 99, - KOM6111HOBaHe
nOBpWI1He
CJI. 100. - <Pa30HCKa
YAapHa nOSpWJ1Ha
3a KOSatbe MatbYlX KOMaAa MaTepl1jaJIa Mory ce ynOTPeOl1TI1 11 KOM-
6MHosaHe YAapHe nospwlllie npE'Ma cJt. 99; j eAaH Aeo je 3a06JbeH '" CJJYJK'"
3a 6p30 113,l\y)KYlSaJ-be MaTepl1jaJta, AOK ce Ha APYTOM, pas HOM AeJtY SpWI1
nopasJ-basal-be.
TIpeMa SpCTI1 paAosa Mory ce y noTpe6M1'M M APy rM, cnel.\l1jaJJH'"
06mfl.\11 nospWYIHa, Kao cpa30'HCKH npeMa CJI. 100 11 APyrl1.
KOA sa3AYllJHI1X 'IeKI1l'ia S33AYX He CRY)K11 caMO Kao 3MopTM3aUl1ja,
ueh 11 Kao nOrO'HCKO cpe"cTso 3a nO'KpeTatbe M3Jba.
aa31lywHor 'IeKI,rn.a npl1Ka3aH je !Ha CR. 101. MallJMHa 11M3
Ilsa U"'JIYlHApa 1 11 3. 1 ca KJtID10M 2 'I11H11 sa3AYlllHI1 K01\mpe-
cop. B33Jry"X ca611jeH y KOMnpecopy OAJta311 y L\YIJU4'HAap 3
KJIl1ln 4 HaJHl.flKe (pa,l\ID1 XOA) "'JtI1 Ha'BI1l11e (nospaTIIJ1 XOA). Ha AOtbeM
AeRY KJtHn3 4 HaJJaGJ-! ce MaJb. PerYJIYlcatbe KpeTalt>a Sa31ly xa SpWI1 ce
nOMohy SeHTI1Jta 5 11 6, KOjl1 ce nOKpehy nocpeAcTBoM HO)!{He I1JtM py'iHe
noJtYre.
KJtl1n KOMnpecopa 113BO[.ll1 ce 06M'iHO v SHAY Aj,fcpepeHl.\KjaJJHOr
KJJI1TI3. TIpJ;t Kpe1'aJt>y K.;J11TI3 HaBHllJe, cnapa ce 113Ha[.l osor KJJYliJla H3A-
npHTI1CaK, a HonOA l-bera AenpecHja. TaAa ca611.ieHH sa3.n:yx [.IejC'Psyje Ha
roptby nOBpllUfHY KJtl1na 4 MaJba nOTl1cKyje 'HCTI1 C3 MaJbeM HaHH)Ke.
UPH KpeTatby KJJYlTIa 2 HaHI1)Ke, ,':\j,f}Ke ce MaJb 111'[.1. TIpeMa TOMe, YAapl.\l1
MaJba 06asJbajy CP Y TaKry palla KOMIIpeCopa. Osaj 'Ha'ol_ palla "IeKl1fia,
KOjl1 ce ynoTPe6Jbasa npl1 CJJ060l\HOM KosaFbY, nOCTI1)l(e ce Ha Taj 'Ha'olYlH
WTO SE'HTj,fJt'" 5 11 6, KOjl1 cy H3SeAeHI1 .y SHAY 06PTHI'!X
I1Majy nOJtO)Kaj KOjH oCTsapyje se3Y j,f3Meljy ul1JJI1'HApa 1 11 3.
AKo ce )KeJJH ,na MaJb OCTaHe y H3AHrHYToM noJtO}Kajy, He npeKJ1-
Aajyhj,f paA KOMnpecopa, Mopajy SeHTI1Jtj,f Aa 3ay3My OArosapajyhe no-
JJO)Kaje; sa3AYx, KOjl1 ce ca611ja ca AOtbe cTPaHe A",cpepeHI.\l1jaJtHOr KJJl1na
95
2, npo"aa>1 KCp03 BeHTI<Jl 6 I< AI<>Ke K..'I1ffi 4. ,na npl< tqleTa/by KJIHna 2
HaBl1lJle He 61< KJUm 4 nao, Ba3AYx npol>I3BeAeH AOlbOM CTp8HOM
KJIlrna 2 npBO tql03 BeRTI1Jl 6, a 3aTJofM jow Kp03 jeAllH jeAHOCMepIDl, T8-
I-bl1paCTI1 BeHTI1J1 (Ha CmII\>1 ce HE' BI1AI1). Ba3AYX, Kojl1 ce ca611ja ca
roplbe C'I'paHe K=a 2, npoJla3ehl1 Kp03 BeHTI1J1 5, OAJla311 Al1PeKTHO y
aTMoccpepy He npOl1aBOAe\'m HJ4'KaKaB paA.
IIoHeKaA je nOTpe6HO Aa MaJb crapCTO npI1Tl1CKYje MaTepl1jaJI Y3
HaKOBaH, aKO ce 'felom yTIOTpefiJbaBa aa CTeaal-be MaTepl1jaJla Hanp. paAR
CaBMjaH>a MaTepMjaJla py-
cIHJ11( YAapal-beM. Ba3AYx,
Koi>l ce ca611j a ca AOlbe
crpa'He KJIlma 2 KOMnpe-
copa, npoJlaal1 Kp03 AOlb>1
B8HTJ.1R 6, 3aTJ1M Kp03
HenOBpaTH>1 BeHTI1Jl (Ha
CJIl11U-f ce He BI1AM) >I
rOplbl1 BeHTMJI 5 >I Aej-
cTByje Ha rOPlby nOBpW>l-
HY KJl Mna 4. Jil!CTO TaKO
AejcTByj e >1 Ba3AYx ca-
6Hj eH roplboM nOBpWI1-
HOM KJI>ITIa 2.
IIojeA_a'fHI1 YAap-
lIH npol13BoAe ce HaTJIl1;M
oTBapalbeM 06a BeHTHJla
5 11 6, 'f>IMe ce ca6wjeRJ1
Ba3AYX ca AOl-be CTpaHe
KJlMna 2 A>1Pe'KTHO BOAI<
I<cnOA KJlMna 4 11 KJlWI
a O)J,Max 3aTJ1M ce eJ1. 101. - illeMa B33AYWHor "-leKHha
cafil1jeHI1 Ba3AYX ca rop-
lbe cTpaHe KJrHTIa 2 AI1PeKTHO OABOAI< M3HaA K.JI11na 4 npol1aBOAehl1 YAa-
PaI.\, nOCJle clera ce BeHTI1J1H oneT CTaBJhajy y nOJlO)Kaj npa3ffOT XO;t1a, npH
KOMe j e Be3a HaMel)y KOl\mpeCopa 11 1I11Jr11HL\pa MaJba npBK>IHYTa.
,na npH KpeTalbY KJll1na 4 HaBl1We OAROCHO HaHl1>Ke, He 611 MCTH
YAapl<o y nOKJlOTIl\e l.\I<JlI1HApa, nOCTaBJbajy ce BeHT>lJlH Ha AOBOJbHOM
oTCTojalby OA nOKJlOnl.\a 'll1Me ce cTBapajy Ba371yIDHH jacTYl.\M KOjl1
aMopTM3yjy YAaplle KJll1na.
Ha CJl, 102 npMKaaaH je Mel)yc06HH nOJIo>Kaj XOAOBa pa/l,'Hor KJlJ11TIa
H K'JIl1na KOMnpecopa, r,!le h 03Ha'faBa BI1CHHY MaTepMjaJla, H. - X071
PBAHOr KJUlTIa AO 3aTBapalba roplber 3a Ba3AYx, a Hb BI<Cl1'H)'
KOMTIpeCHORor npOCTopa. X0710BI1 KJIlma KOMnpecopa y 071
yrJla O'KpeTalba KpHBaje o71pei)yjy ce npeMa 06pacl.\Y HaBeAeHOM aa Kpl<-
BajRe ,ppece (BI1AI1 AOl.\HMje) . Yrao 0, Kpl1Baje KOMnpecopa oAroBapa Tpe-
HyTKy o71BajaJh'a MaJba OA MaTepHjaJla. IIpl< 0, = 180 3ayaJofMa K= KOM-
npecopa CBOj HajHI1)K11 IIpl1 nOJlo)Kajy Kpl1Baje 03, ndCJle xOAa
paAROT KJlJ11Ia HaB>1We aa H a, aaTBapa KJlI1TI rOp1-b'l1 'KaHaJl 3a BaGAYX 11
OA TOr TpeHyTKa HBcTaje ca6J<jaH,e BaaAyxa, 'fJofMe 'ce rnOCTI<)Ke aMOpTI1-
3aI.\l1ja YAapa paARor KJrl<na npl1 CBOM KpeTaH,y HaBMWe. amax OOHa'faBa
Ha:jBI<WI1 TIOJlO>Kaj paAHOr KJl>Ina, Y OBOM nOnO>Kajy pa/l,'H11 K.J\l1I1 YJlaal<
y KOMnpeCI10HM 'TIPOCTOP HajBHwe 3a 0,7 Hb OA nOJlO>Kaja KpHBaje, KOjl1
OArOBapa yrJly 01, OTBapa ce rOplnl1 KaHaJl KpeTalbeM paAHOr KJl>Ina Ha-
Hl1}Ke, npl1 'feMY ce Baa71YX y rOplneM AeJlY pa'/l,'HOr l.\I1Jl>1HApa Haje71Ha-
96
'1yje ca ca6H'jelUfM Ba3:Z1YXOM KOMrrpeCOpa. MaJb Y:lIapa Y MaTepl1jaJl npl1
, < 360.
Ha CJI. 103 a) rrpl1Ka3'aH je TeoPI1CKl1 l1HWlKaTOpCKl1 :lIl1jarpaM 3a
roplb Y 11 :lIOIb Y rrOBpIllI1Hy KJll1JIa pa:llflOr WtJlmi,zwa. Ha .t\ltjarpaMY aa
roplbY cTpaHY KJll1Tla pa:llHOr UI1JlHH:lIpa, Ta'lKa a. O:llrOBapa" 113je.$ta'lelbY
o '10 80 120 100 200 2'/0 280 320 3(j()
--0(
ITpl1Tl1CKa Ba3,lGTXa ca aTMO-
cepcKHM, lllTO ce :lIeIITaBa
rrpH llajHIDKeM rroJlomajy
KJll1TIa KOMnpecopa. O:ll
Ta'IKe a2 BpIllI1 ce ca611jalbe
Ba3:l1yxa no a:llHa6aTl1 :lIO
as, nocJle '1era HaCTaj e :lIaJbe
ca6H'jatbe Ba3:l1yxa rro a,!I,I1a-
6aTH a . - a
mox
aJlH npH 3a-
TBDpeHOM KOMITpecl10HOM
rrpocTopy. KpHBa OA am x
:lIO tl4 rrOlUlana ce ca 8:ZIHa6a
TOM a. - amox :lIO tl4 Tj. :lIO
TpeHyTKa OT&apafba KONnTpe-
Cl10HOr T1pocropa.
TeopKc*I1 K ~ a T O p
OKH :lIH'jarpaMI1 3a VOPIbY H
:lI0IbY 'ITOSpllll1HY 'Kmma KOM-
rrpeoopa rrpl1'Ka3a'lll1 cy Ha
CJI. 103 b). KpHBa a" - a"
3a rOPIbY CTp8!HY 'HarJlO pa-
CTe, rrOlllTO ce O:ll Ta'IKe a.
Kmm KOMrrpecopa 11 pa,n:HI1
KJll1TI H.cTOSpeMeHO :lIIDKy.
O:ll a. :lIO a. BPurn ce ca6H-
jalbe rrpl1 3aTBOpeHOM Wt-
JIl1H:ZIPY KOMIlpeCOpa. O:ll
T8'1Ke tl4 HacTaje OTBapllH>e
KOMnpeCI10HOr rrpOCTopa. TIo-
IllTO ce pa:Z\HH KIDfII, Kpehe
HaHIDKe MHorO BehoM 6paH-
HOM O:ll '6p3l1He Al13aI'b8 K.lIl1-
Clr. 102. Mel)yco6H>I nOJIo>Kaj pallHor KJI>ma Ka KOMnpecopa, TO rrpl1TI'!CaK
" KJnma KOMIlpeCOpa Ha roplb y 'rroBpurnHy KJIJ1J1a
K'OMITpeCOpa HarJlO rraAa.
AKO je nOBplUl1Ha l1H:lII1'KaTopcKor :lIl1'jarp8!Ma roplbe CTpS'He pa,n:p.or
KJll1'ITa W", AOlbe CTpaHe W
2
" 6Hhe TeOpHCKa eHeprnja YAapa
w = W,' + W
2
' - 0,2 G . H
PAe Tpeh'l1 'lJlaH yaKMa y 063Hp Tpetbe.
TIPI1 a'HaJlOrHOM 06eJlelKaBaIbY nOBpurnHa :lIKjarpaMa KOMITpeCOpa ca
W'k H WOK :lI06Hhe ce I1H:lIl1KaTOpCKI1 KOeID.IMjeHaT KOpl10HOr :lIejcTsa
MaIllI1He
W" + IV. ,
'1; =------.
W'k+ W2k

MaKCHlIIBJlHa Bpe,llHOCT OBor Koeq,lIl.\HjeHTa K3HOC'H 1], = 0,95 ,!10K npH
JlOllleM OJ\P1KaBalhy qeKUha MO>Ke ,!Ia naJlHe H J10 0,7 na H HH]Ke.
ECPeKTHBllli KOeq,Hl.\1'IjeHT KopHcHor J1ejcTBa JOHOCH OKO 0,7.
TIpam .. MaIIIHHOCTpOeHHe"
KH.. 8 (1948) MOry ee Y3eTH CJle-
,!IehH KOH'CTPYKTHBIDf nOJlal.(H 3a
O,I\Pel}HBalbe rJlaBIDlX AHMeH3Hja
Ba3J1YlllHl1X 'leKHlia .
.D:olba npc-reH8JCTa nOBplIDf-
Ha paJlHor KJl11Jla AI HaJla3H ee H3
OAHOca

G ,., I
rAe je G Te>KHHa naJlajyhHx Maca.
OARoe roplbe npeMa AO>boj
nOBpllIHHH KJI>ma paJlHOr l.\H-
JlHHApa

Al , .. '
I1pe'fH'WK l.(HJlH'HApa Km1-
npecopa
Dk = 1,02 -'- I ,OB D, .
I1pe'fHH!K Y>Ker AeJla KJll1lIa
KOMTIpecopa
D.
D k = _ :-'-''-::-c_
2,0 "':" 2,5 .
BHCH!Ha KOM'lTpecHoHor npo-
CTopa paAHor l.\HJIHHApa
H. "'" 0,14 N,
OAHoe
JlHHJlpa H
KpHBaje
BHCH!He PaAHOr 1(H-
npeMa npe'lHHKy
N
I,B ...:.. 1,5,
3aBHCHOc-r H3Mel}y BHCHHe
H I. 6poja YAapa y M>fRyT'" no
-H
flI1T-gO}6a /'1jlm8o tllO'lJ(a
rl'fT-cOjlM /'1jlmoo mOW(O
.IlI1T
./lifT
a) ,
b)
Cn. 103. - a) J.1H,zV1KaTOpCKJ1 ,ItHjarpruafH
3a r opl-by W AOfbY nOBpW1UJY paAHor KJUma,
b) 3a KJIvm KOMnpecopa
f-0J, = 12 15.
ti O
7 MawI1He anaTKe
AHaJUITI{'lXO noeMaTpaFbe KHHeMaTCKHX l{ W'lH1lMWiKHX OAl/OCa
BB3,ItyWHor '1eKHha 6Khe, npeMa A. renejy (A. Ge!eji), y
f-r.3.nBl'afb y.
Ba3A)'WHH 'IeKIihH npeMa cn. 101 I{ 102 npeTCTaBJbajy '1eKKhe ca
IIp''' TOMe ce ca6"' j eHJ1 Ba3AYX KOP"'CT'" '" 3a AH3aa.e MaJba
Rao '" 3a lberoBo y6p3afbe np'" pa,l<HOM XO,l<y, IDTO 3Ha'IH ROMnpecOp
pa,l<H ca ,l<ejCTBoM. IIp''' nplfiiYAHOM OCI\HnOBaIbY KJlHIIa KOM-
cpecopa OKO HY.nTOr nonO}Kaja 0- 0 (cn. 104), KOjl{ O,l<rOBapa
nonolKajy TOra K.nHna, palVfH KnHn oCI\HJlyje OKO HeKor HY.nTOr nono-
JKaja 0' - 0' KOjH ce Hana3'" HeWTO HenO,l< cpe,l(l-ber nOnOJKBja paAHor
KJIlffia B Y 3aBHCHOCTH O,l< pa,l<HMX yc.nOBa.
3a HyJIT'" nOJIO}Kaj paAHor KJIHna Ba>KHhe jeAl/a'lIDla
paBHOTe}Ke
y, . x,
Pd ' A,-pg ' A
2
=m g, r.n:e je
Pd npHT"'CaK Ba3,Ityxa Ha
KJlHIIa UPI{
FberOBOM Hy.nTOM nonOJKajy,
Pg Ba3,l<yxa HB rOPlboj
nOBpIlIHH'" KJIHna npl{
FberOBOM HYJITOM nomi}Kajy,
Al - ,l<OFba nOBpl.llJ1Ha KJn1-
na (npcTeHacTa nOB'pIlIWHa),
A2 - r opFba nOBpUD!'Ha P3:,l<HOT
KJIJ1Tla,
m - 'Maca Kmma
ca MaJbeM,
9 - y6p3aIbe 3eMJbHHe Te}Ke.
IIp''' OtqJeTafby tqJHBaje KOM-
npecopa 3a yrao a = w t HaCTahe RIle-
TaIbe KJImIa KOMIlPeCOpa HaFIJoOKe
lIlTO he >!MaTI! 3a npo-
MeHe 3a'lIpeMHHa ,l<OIber H ropIber
I.\HJIJ1HApa. Y
cJIY'Iajy 61{JIe 611 npOMeHe 3arweMH-
en. 104. - HYJlTI1 nOJlo>Kajl1 paAHor Ha KOMnpeco-
Kmma 11 KJIl1IIa KOMIlPeCOpa pa l{ ropfber I\H.JlHH,IijJa
KCTe, Tj. .1. V dk = .1. VB' . Mel)yTH'M,
360r MaJba (3ajeAHo ca KJlHnOM) 6Hhe CMafbelbe 3a-
npeMHHe rOpfbel' I\HnHHJ\Pa MaI-be CMafbelba 3a-
npE!Mm{e .qolbel' l.\I'L1tHH,lUla KOMnpecopa, np'" 'IeMY HaCTaje,
IIpH BeHT"'JIHMa, y paAHor TIlr-.
paCT npHTHCKa a y ropfbeM I.\'l1JIHHflpa KOMnpecopa nBl,l< 'lIpHTJroKa.
XOA woafba MaJba 6Khe TBAa, npl1 "'CTHM nOBpwHHaMa K.nHna KOMnpe-
copa '" KJIHna, y < r sin wi, je r nOJIynpeSHJ1!K KPHBaje n o-
I'QHCKor 'Mexa!ID!3Ma KOMnpecopa.
lIpOMeHa 3anpeMHHe p;eJIa pa,l<HOl' 3aOCTa-
jlllba KJIHna 6Khe
.1. Vd,=.l Vd=A,(rsin w f-y)=A, . .1.y,
he oWQBapajyha npOMeHa 3anpeMl1He ropI-ber ,l<eJIa PBAHOl' 1.\"'.IDI'H.z;;pa
6wrn
!l V,r = 11 V, = A. (r 0 sin Ul t - y) = A . A. Y,
rAe lly npeTCTaBJba 3aoCTajaHoe MaJba.
99
IIo,q npeTrroc:raBK()M W-lOTepMCKe npOMeHe CTalha 6Khe npOW-lBOA H3
rrpl1THOKa 11 3anpeMlrne KOHCTaH'I'aH 11 TaJla je
Pd' Vd=P:(Vd-A V
d
) H
pg' Vg=P/lVg+d Vg).
rOplhe jeAHa'IMHe OMoryhyjy 113HaJIaJKelhe rrplITI1CKa pu' Ii Ps'
y AOlheM 11 roplheM Jle.rry paAHor tJ;I1JI11HJ\Pa 3a HeKl1 rrOJlO)Kaj KJnffia H3BaH
By JITOr rrOJIO}!(aj a
rrpl1 'I"MY j e p! > Pd Ii Pg' <
Y cJIeA rrpoMeHe rrpwrl1Ca'Ka HacTahe rropeMehaj paBHOTe)Ke cJotJIa Jot
rroA JlejCTBOM pa3JIJo!Ke CI1JIa Ha rOPlboj Jot AOlbOj rroBpIIlJol'HJol paJlHOr
KJII1TIa HacTahe KpeTalhe MaJba BaBJo!llle Tj,
po' . A, - pg" A2 = G + F,
rAe j e G 'Fe)KJotHa MaJba Jot OCTaJll1X rroKpeTHJo!X JleJIOBa Be3aHJo!X 3a MaJb,
JlOK j e F y6p3aBajyha CI1JIa.
3aMeHoM Po' H p/ r ope HaljeHJofM 113pa311Ma Ao5Jo!'ja ce
Pd . Vd P . V
-'--=----:'-- . A,- _-, _8- . A. = G + F
Vd-t1Vd Vg+t1Vg -
IIolllTO je 3arrpeMl1Ha V;=A"Yd ca Yd=X.+ X
2
(CJl. 104) a Vu=
= A
2
'Yg ca Yg=x,+x
2
, ,l(OK je Ll Vt/=A, lly H t1V
g
=A
2
, t1y, TO je
,l(aJbe, ca G = mg,
Pd' Vd
Yd - tl y JIg +dy
AKo ce 03Ha'le rrpOH3BO,l(Jot Pd' Vd = C, H pg' Vg = C., 5Jodie rrOCJIe
AOBol}elha JIeBe CTpa'He j eJlHa'iJotHe Ha 3aj eAHJoNK'Jof JofMeHl1TeJb y3 3Mie-
Mapelbe -'IJIaHOBa ca dy y l1MeHI1TeJbY Kao MaJIJotX BeJIJo!'lJolHa
C"yg- C2
y
d + (C,+C2 )t1y mg+F
Yd . yg Yd . yg
Y rOPFboj j eAHa 'lliHJot rrpBJot 'waHOBJot JleBe .llecHe CTpatHe j eAHa 'IJoIHe
O,l(rOBapajy CTalhy Ml1poBalba, 0BO rrpOH3JIa3Jot 3aMeHOM C, 11 Co CBOjMM
Bpe,l(HOCTl1Ma Kao 11 3aMeHOM V d = A, . l'd H V g = A 2 YR' TaKO Aa ce A05Jotja
rrpBo5Jo!THo rrOCTaBJbeHa j eJlHa'IMHa paBHOTe)Ke 3a HYJITJot rroJIo}f{ati paJl-
Hor KJDma y 06.JTJorKy
Pd . A, - Pg . A2 = m g
.D:pyrl1 'IJIaHOBJot JIeBe 11 AecHe cTpaHe jeAHa'lJo!He Mopajy rrpeTCTaB-
JbaTJot cJotJIY y5p3aFba Koja y5p3aBa MaJb rrpJol AH3albY, TaKO Aa je
C + Co . dOl'
- -, - - -- . Ay=F=m' --
l' d . Jig dt
2
7
0
100
3aMeHOM Bpe,l\'HOCTI1 3a C, 11 Ct KaO 11 3aMeHOM ay = r . sill ,,,( - Y
A06Y1he ce AYlq,epeHWl:iaJIHa je,l\'Ha'fI1Ha npJ-1HYAHI1X oCl.ll1J1al.\J1ja
rAe je
d" y
m --=C,, ' rsin w l - C
o
' y,
dl"
CO= Pd Vd+Pg ' V"
Yd . yg
qJlaH Co' r sin w t npeTCTaSJba nOKpeTa'fKY CI1J1Y Y l.ll1JII1H,rq>y KOM-
npecopa, AOK '1J1aH Co' y J13pa)f(asa conCTseHe OCl(I1JIlll\J-1je y pa,llHOM
l.\I1JIYlHAPY
CpeIjI1Bal-beMAI1q.epeHl.\J-1j aJIHe j e.qHa.fI1He Ao611he ce
-- - y= - . r Sln ,,, 1
dO y + (Cn) (Co) .
dt" m m
KOHCTaHTa Co npeTCTaSJba eJIaCTI1'fHY KOHCTaHTY 11 I1Ma ,lI'HMeH-
311j y [kg/ cm]; OHa je aHaJIOma KOH'C'l'aIHTH onpyre KOA '1eKl1ha ca onpY)f(-
HOM aMOpTJ-13al.ll1jOM. .
Co
3aMe1HOM - = a- 11 ABOCTPYKOM I1HTerpal.\l1joM A0611ja ce SeJIl1'mHa
m
aMnJIJ-1TYAe npl1 CJI060AHOM OCJ.<I1JIOSaH>Y
y, = A sin a t + B cos at
11 SeJII1'fYIHa aMTIJII1TYAe npl1 npI1HY,l\'HOM Aej CTsy CI1JIe
Y2 = C . sin w t ,
rAe C npeTCTaBJba KOHCTaHTaH '1JIaH. KOHcTaHTa C Ao6J1ja ce oAroBapa-
jyfiliM 113pa3a 3a Y" 11 y AI1q,epeHl.ll1jaJIHoj
a"
je,llHa'lHHI1, lll'i'O Aade C= 1' . - --, TaKO Aa je aMTIJIl1TYAa rrpI1HYA-
a:.! -w:!
Hor OCl.\I1JIOBal-ba
a" .
y" = r . ---- Sill (U t ,

Pe30HaHl.\a 611 HaCTaJJ.a KaAa 611 aMnJIJITYAa 611JIa 6eCKOIHamfO BeJII1-
Ka Tj. KaAa 611 611JIO a
2
=w". Meljyrl1M, nOlllTO je XOA OrpaHI1'1eH ca AOI'be
CTpaHe HaKOBl-beM a ca ropl-be Ba3'AYlllHl1M ja'CTYKOM, TO OBaKas CJIY'laj
He MO)f(e HaCTaTl1.
Ca6l1paH>eM a:MTIJII1TYAa COnCTSeHax 11 npl1HYAHI1X OCl.\I1JIal(aja AO-
611ja ce CTBapHO nOMepaH>e y SpeMeHY t Tj.
a"
y=Asinat+Bcosat+ r - si n wt
Q'.! - W:'!
lliiTerpal.ll1OHe KOHCTaHTe A 11 B o,rq>eljyje ce 113 nO"le'I'HI1X YCJI Osa
3a Koje Maca m nO'lYlIbe KpeTal-be r-r3 CTal-ba Mr-rpOSal-ba Tj . 3a t = O, y=O
H "0 = (d
Y
) = O. T aAa ce Ha OCHOSY jeAHa'lI1He 3a y Ao6J1ja Aa je
dl 1= 0
OAHOOHO 8 = 0 11 A=- r w
a
101
a;! (I'
y = r . ---(sin (1'1- sin al)
a
2
- a
Ep3lfHa MaJha MO}f(e ce OApeAHTI1 )lI1epeHlIKpaJbeM nyTa MaJha no
Bpe...,eHY WTO Aaje
v=
dy a"
= r OJ - --(cos ... 1- cosal)
dl a"- ... "
Ha OCHOBY 6p3HHe "'aJha v Y TPeHYTKY J-berOBor y .u,apa MO}f(e ce
OAPeAl1TH KlfHeTl1'!"Ka eHeprl1ja npH jeWfoM YAapllY TlpeMa 06pacl\Y
G v"
\If , = -
g 2
tJ:a 6H ce 3a ropJ-bl1 06pa33l\ OApe)ll1JIa MaKCHMaJIHa 6p3l1Fla Y Tpe-
HYTKY YAapa, TPe6a OApeAHTl1 M3KCHMaJIFl Y BpeAJI OCT l13pa3a Y 3arpa)ll1
cos w t - cos a t Y 06pacuy
3a 6p311:HY. OBOr
I<3pa3a HaJIa3H ce 113 eKCTpe-
"'YMa Ha OCHOBY
Kojer je a sin a I =". sin u' I.
OBa jeAJIa'U1Ha MO}f(e ce pe-
WHTl1 rpa1f'{J{KM nyreM,
TlpH '!"eM)' ce A06l1jajy A.Be
CH:HYCHe JIIfHl1je CJI. 105). Ha
"eCTl1Ma rAe ce o6e Kplffie
ceKY 611:he H.CnYFbeH YCJIOB
3a jeAHaKOCT Cl1HYeHl1X
.YHKI{l1ja, OAHOCHO 3a MaK-
C>!MY'" 6p3HHe. Kao WTO ce
H3 CJIH.Ke BH)lI1, nOCToje ABa
.\laKCl1MYMa: je.u,aH nOCJIe
BpeMeHa TI , Y nepHoAY l13-
)ll13aJ-ba M,U1>a, H APyrH no-
CJIe T., Y nepl10AY K]JeTaFba
MaJha HaHl1""'.iKe. OBaj APYI'H
nepHoA T. = t 6lf:he MepoAa-
BaH nOWTO ce TPa}!(H MaKCl1-
T.
r
T
217"
' w
en. 105. - fpacjJH'iKO H3HanruKefbe MaXCHMa..iHC
6p3J1l:fe M3Jba
MaJIHa 6p3l1Ha Tlpl1 paAHOM XOAY .MaJha, TlpH '!"eM)' je nepl10A ClfH)'cFle
. . . T
cpYFlKI{l1je " , 510 ",/ jeAHaK T = - a cHHy eFle CPYFlKI{H'je a SIn a/]e = - .
OJ a
C
KOHCTaFITa Co Koja ce nojaBJbyje Y I<3pa3y :Ja a" = - OApel)yje ce
m
Ha OCHOBY paH.l1je AaTor 07\HOCa 3a KOjl1 ce OAl'OBapajyfie BpeAHOCTl1
npHTI1CKa 11 3aTlpeMKFla Y3HMajy l13 H.Fi7\J'1KaTopcKor J\l1jarpaMa 3a 1'pe-
HYTaK MaKCHMaJIHor TlpHTI1CKa Y AOJ-boj CTpaHH l\l1JlIfHApa KOMITpecopa.
MaKCl1MaJIHH npHTl1caK je Mepo,D,asaH CTOTa 1111'0 KpeTaFbe paAHor KJIl1IIa
H3 CBOr HYJITOr nOJIo}!{aja nO"ll11t>e TeK Y TpeHYTKY Ka)l3 Y KOMrrpec0PY
Hacraje npl1Tl1CaK Ba3Ay xa, TIpH. 'ieMy je MepO)l3BaFl HH)lI1Ka-
TOPCKl1 )lI1jarpaM 3a A0J-bY cTPaHY l\l1JIl1HAPa KOMnpecOpa (BI1)l.H H
c.n. 103).
J..02
Ha O'CHOBY MaKCI-Dl1aJlHe 6p3M.He Hal)eHa KHHeTl1'tKa eHep-
rnja W1 je,ll;HO'l' Y,ll;apl..\a CBO',ll;M. ce Ha Kl1HeTK'lKY eHeprnjy y je,ll;Hoj ce-
n
MHO>KeFbeM ca 6pO'jeM Y,lIapal.\a y 60' TaKO' je Teo-
pl1CKa Kl1HeTl1'fKa eHeprM.ja y jeiJ;!iO'j
W =w . fl
S 1 60
103
CTBapHll KIDleTWIKa eRepmja y jeARoj CeKyH,l\H, C 063HpOM 1m
TpeFbe y 3alITHBa'UfMa, 611"he MaJi>a 3a 12 )10 13
%

CRara nOTOHCKor MOTOpa RaJIa3H ce lila OCROBY TeOpHCKe IOfIte-
TJf'I!Ke eRepmje y je,llHoj CeKytR,llH W. rrpeMa

75 '1
1')le j e CTerreR JreK0pMlllheli>a '1 = '11 ' '12, aKO r11 :::::: 0,85 Y3.L"a y 063HP
MeXaRwrKI1 CTeneH KOPl>!CHOCTM caMor qeKl1Fta YCJIeA ry611TaKa Tpeli>eM a
1]2:::::: 0,85 CTeneH norORCKWX eJIeMeHaTa (3ynqaHMKa H KJI W-
RaCTar Ka=).
IIoTpe6Ha nOl'OHCKa CHara MO"A<e ce npl16JHDKHO paqyaaTw npeMa
P.l'::: 0,1 G (k. s.) l'Ae j e G Te>KHHa MaJba.
Ba3AYllI1ili qeKl1"hH rpaAe ce ca Te:>KI1HO"1 MaJba OA OKO 30 kg na
AO 3000 kg, ca 6pojeM YAaJ;liilla Y i"OotHyrW OA 150+200 3a JIaKe QeKl1"hE,
a OA 80+150 3a Te:>Ke Qe"IOihe.
en. 107. - Ba3AYWHH '-IeKYIh uGildel". Te:iKHH3 MaJba 80 kg, XOA MaJba 370 mm, ,
6poj YJl,apaQa ' Y Jl.UlHYTW 200, norOHCK3 CHara OKO 10 k. s.
Ha CJI . 106 npWKa3aH j e Y npeceKY jeAaR Ba3AYllIHH qeIOlh. IIOroH
ce ca npeHocH npeKO jeAHor napa 3ynqa'HHKa Ra IWJIeHaCTO
1:04
spaTIlJIO, Koje npeKO KJlKIIlbaqe nOKpelie KIDIn KOMTIpeCOpa. OBaj KJlKn
je H3Be){eH }(;ao Al'!q,epeHLtMiaJIII'M KJUm. Kmm MaJba je wynaJb K y
FheMy' ce HaJla311 HenOMM'-laH KJll1n, rrpl1'fBpurlieH 3a rOplb11 nOKJIOnal.\
1.\I1JIl1H,!\Pa. Ha Taj Ha'IUH nOCTIDKe ce CI1rYPHl1je Boljelb Kmma MaJba.
MaTepl1jaJI HaKQBlba je JlI1BeHM qJlMK, YMTl.(11 y,l\ap!fl1X nOBpWMHa O,l\
qeJll1Ka, a nOCTOJbe O,l\HOCHO OKBI1p O,l\ JII1B'lfor rBoJldja.
CJI. 107 ITpl1Ka3yje 113rJl,l\ j,l\HOr Malber B33,l\YlllHor qeKMlia, KO,l\
Kora je nOCTOJbe - O'Jamp 113paljeH Y BI1,l\Y 3aBapeHe
lIapHu '1cKliliu
IIapa, Kao noroHcKo cpep,CTBo 3a qeKl1iie, HaWJla je npB06l1THO
ITpKMeHy caMO 3a Al'!3aJbe MaJba KO,l\ Te}!{l1X 'l'IGrlia OCa CJlofiO):ljH1HM na-
,l\OM. TeK ,l\ol.\Hl1je je napa nYWTaHa U Ha roplbY CTpa:HY K.IDl!lTa, ):(a 6u
ce I1CTM y6p3ao ITpI1 CBOM
HaHI1JKee
'l e1Cuhu npoCTOt iJejcTBa. IIap-
illl l\M.ITI1'H):(ap 'ca Pa3BO,llHKKOM j e
l1CTOBeTaH KaQ KO):( rrapllMX MaWM-
!fa. H a CJI. 108 je 'KaO pa3Bo):(HMlK
ynoTpe6JbeH KJII1nHM pa3BOil\HI1K.
IIapa YJl atm Kp03 rOplb11 ,l\eo 1.\I1J1_-
lIpa KJIMnHOr 11 ITpeMa
nOJlo}!{ajy pa3'BO,llH'1Ka, napa YJla311
MJlM Kp03 KaHaJl 1 '1 ,l\ejCTByje Ha
roplbY nOBpWl1HY KJlMna 4 (PB,lIHl1
XO,l\) 11J111 YJlaGI1 Kp03 KaHaJl 2 npl1
'leMY J(M}!{e KJIMn 4 a ca lbKMe 11
MaJb (noBpaTH'1 Jilc-rpoweHa
napa 113J1a3'1 Jof3 KaHaJI-a 1 '1JlK 2 11
npOJlaGeiiM Kp03 l.\eHTpaJlHH ' KaHaJl 3
0,l\Jla3'1 Y aTMocq,epy. Ha roplbeM
,l\eJlY l.\JofJlI1H1,l\pa MaJba HaJIa:ru ce
aMOp'l'M3ep 5 pa):(l1 aMo}Yl'l1'30Balba
- /.{ Y,l\apl.\a Y TpeHYTKY Ka,l\a KJlI1I1 4
HarJlO y,l\apl1 Y roplbM nOUUIOnal.(;
ITpI1 Y,lIapy npeHocJof ce YAaPBl.\ Ha
BpeTeHO 6 }(;oje cafurja onPYTY 7 '1
Ha Taj Ha'll1iH Bplll'Jll aMOpTIl3a'l.(l1jy.
IIapHM qe"KHi'iH ynoTpe6JbaB'a-
jy ce 3a }(;OBaibe Kao Jof 3a
eJl, 108. - ca pa3BO);:HI1KOM KOBalbe Y KaJIYI1'I1Ma.
napHor '1eJrnha Mal-bJof 'leKMftJof 3a CJlo60,ll!f0 KO-
Bal-be JofMajy' oa1\1:0 je):(aH CTy6, }(;OJ'1
je HJl'1 He3aB'1CaH O,l\ HaKOBlba (CJI. 109 a) I1JI'1 ra o6yxBaTa (CJI. 109 b).
TeJKu THnOB'1 'leKMlia 3a CJIo6o,llHO KOBaibe I'p3il\e ce ca ABa CTy;6a (CJI.
109 c) . .Dia fur ce nOBeliaJIa Kpy;TOCT OBaKBor- C'I1CTeMa, nOBe3yjy ce 06a
cTy6a ca ):(Olb cT.paHe nOnpe'lRQM Be30M I1cno,ll naToca. TeMeJb HaKOB-
lba je O,l{BojeH OJ( TeMeJba cTy60Ba. JibrJle,l\ 'leKMlia ca ,l\Ba CTy6a ):(aT je
Ha CJI. 110. OBI1 'leK!l1BH MMajy 06M'lHO aYTOMaTCKY perYJla'l.\l1jy. XOA
MaJba I<'pelie ce M3Meljy 200 11 600 mm. Bp3M!fa Y,l\apa 4+8 m/ sec, Bpoj
Y MlffiY'l'I1 60-7-120. HajBeha irO'1'Pe6rm.
aYToMa'l'CKOM pa,n;y 0,04--;-0,05 G k. s. IIOTpOrlbf.a
3a KOBalbe AeJIOBa Malbe Ae6Jblrne (AO 50
6p30X{),!{HI1: rrapHl1 'leKl1hl1 ca ayroMa'l'CKOM perynaqJfjOM.
y MI1:HyTI1 je peJlarnBHO BeJII1K11 11 TO 250 na 11 smile. XO,lt
150-'-250 mm, a Te)Kl1Ra MaJba 100--;-200 kg.
a)
en. 109. - llleMe napHHX 'ieKHha ca je,lJ;HltL1I,f cTy60M - a) cTy6 Hea3Bl1CaH O,lJ; H3KOBtb3,
b) cTy6 o6yxBaTa HaKoa3fb, c) ca ABa cTy6a, d) ca MOCTOM
TelJl.J{l1 rrapHI1 '1elUfhl1 3a CJl060AHO KOBalbe HMajy py'lHy peryJla-
Te)!{lrna 'MaJba je lOOO kg rra 11 B'Jrule na 'la'K If ,lI;O 125 'l'OHa. 360r
BeJIl1Kor onTepehefba OBor 'leKl1ha, a 11 Aa 611 ce ,lI;cJ6MO ,lI;OBOab8H rrpo-
CTOP 113Me!jy C'l'y60Ba, rpaAe ce OBI1 '1eKI1W! y BI11Z\y MOC'l'a (CJI. 109 d).
BeH'l'l1JI11 OBMX '1eKMha rroKpehy ce rroMohy py'iHor perYJlaTopa ca 6pe-
raC'l10M OCOBMHOM. XOA MaJba Kpehe ce M3Me!jy 1 11 2,5 roo HajBehli 6poj
y MI1HJTI1 je 40--;-60. li13rJleA 'leKMfia ca MOCTOM ,lI;aT je Ha
CJI. Ill.
IIapHlf '1eKMilI1 3a KOBalbe y KaJlY'rlHMa I1Majy 'HapO'il1TO BO!jI1l.\y
3a MaJb, Kao 11 HapO'lI1'l'y 'Ha Ha'KoBlbY, Aa 611 ce crrpe-
'111J10 Mel)yc06Ho rroMepalbe rop}ber 11 f.lOlber KaJlyrra. OBI1 '1eKl1'hI1 ce
106
06W1HO rpap.e ca ,!l;Ba CTyfia. TeJKl1Ha HaxoBI-ba je,llHaKa je 20+25-CTPY-
KOj TellrnHM MaJba. TeOlHa MaJba M3ROCM ,D,O 500 kg. j e
pY'fHa. vbr.rrB,ll MaI-ber napHor 'IeIOfll.a 3a KOBaJ-be Y Ka.nymrMa ,!l;aT je Ra
c.n. 112. 3601' jaKI1x Koje np0113BO,lle Be.nl1KJ-f rrapHl1
nOBell.wa ce npMTI1Ca K J-f3Meljy TeMeJba 'IeIrnll.a 11 3eM.1bM-
illTa 11 3601' Tora TeMeJbJ-f TaKBMX '{eIrntia Mopajy I1MaTlJ1 HapO'DlTO Be-
,D,MMeH3J-fje. C.n. 113 npm<a3yje TeMeJba 3a Te>KaK
napHJ-f 'Ie.KMll. ca MOCTOM. TeMeJb ce cacTojJ-f M3 ,D,Ba ,D,e.na. rOpI-bM ,D,eo 1
HaCJIaJ-ba ce Ha ,D,mbI1 2 npeKo CTerreHaCTI1X nOBpWJ-fHa. M3Meljy OBJ-IX
nOBpWl1Ha YMeTHYT je c.noj cjJM.nl.\a, KOjM ,llaje M3BeCH)' M
y rynryje y l13BecHOj nOTpece. EO,{He CTpaHe pa3,llBo-
j eHe cy Tepl1'CaHOM xapTl1joM.
CR. 110. - IIapH" 'ieK"h Ha IIBa
cTy6a "Eumuco"
CR. 111. - IIapH" 'ieK"h ca MO-
CTOM uEumucou
qelCuli.u dBOCTpylCOZ dejcT8a. 0 npl1lfl.\MITy '{elrnha ,D,BOCTpY'K01' ,!l;ej -
CTBa 6MJIO je Bell. rOBopa Ha no'{eTKY nor.naBJba 0 illeMa pa,!l;a
TaKB01' 'Ie.KHIl.a ,D,aTa je Ha c.n. lJ.4 ai. TIapa y.na311 y 1.\H.IDfiH,D,ap M ,D,ej-
CTBOae lHa XJHUl 3a XojM je Be3aR 1'OpI-bM MaJb. TIPM KpeTaI-bY 1'opI-ber
MaJba HaHJ1:)!(e, npeHocM ce oBaj nDKpeT rrpeKO TWn!@1X e.neMBHaTa, 06a-
Bl1jeIrnX OIKO ,!l;Ba TO'IKa, Ha ,ll0J-bl1 MaJb- Ha!KOBaIb. Ha Taj Ha'UfH ce 'Kpehy
MaJb l1 HaxoBaI-b je,!l;aH ,llpy,roM y CYCpeT M, axo cy 06e MCTe, rrpe-
TBapa ce pacno,rrOJKlffia 1OI1-Ie'rn'fKa eHeprwj'a y Kopl1CTaH ,llecjJop-
MaI.(l10Hl1 PaJ,l\, aKO ce He y3MY Y 063MP TpeI-be M ,llecjJopMal.\Hj e eJIeMeHaTa
MaIlIl1Re. 3601' Tora OBM qeKl1fiH M He 3axTeBajy HapO'IMTe TeMeJbe.
"YJIory rMITIrnX eJIeME.'naTa Mrpa CHon qeJlM'lHl1x TpaKa. Ha 'MeCTY
npMKJbY'!Ka OBl1X 3a MaJb O,!l;HOCHO YMeTHy'l1J1 cy 1'YMeHl1
aMOpTH3ePl'l. M3rJIe,!( je;n;Hor 'IeKMha ,l1BOerpYK01' ,l1ejerBa npl1Ka3aH je Ha
CJI. 115. )J;pyra 'IeKl1ha ,D,BoerpYKor ,l1ejCTBa IlleMatI'()Irn je
npMKa3aRa Ha CJI . 114 b. '-Ie.KJ11l. MMa ,l1Ba 'napHa 1W,l1 'KOjMX
Cn. 114. - llIe!\la napHor '-IeKI'lha ABOcTPYKor
.n.ejC'l'03 a) ca j eJl;lclJ.u .. 1 6) ca ABa Lllil-
nHHApa
,
U/,
! /
108
je perYJlaI.V1ja Ta'KO nO,qeWeHa, ,qa ce Mal b W HaKOBaJ-b Kpehy je,qaH ,qpy -
rOM y cycpeT WCTOM 6p3I1HOM.
'IeKl1hw ,qBoc"'PYKor ,qejc1' Ba yno1'pe6JbaBajv ce yrJlaBHoM 3a KO-
BaFbe y KaJlynl1Ma 11 TO nOrJlaBI1TO 3a OBe onepal\wje Koje He 3axTeBajy
MaTepf1ja.na (Wf1nKel. nOWTO ce HaKOBafu 33 BpeMe paAa
Kpehe .
.u06pe cTpaHe : na'pHwx 'IeKl1ha (je,qHocTPY'Kor W ,qBOcTpYKor l lej-
c1'Ba) cy Y TOMe, WTO ce OHW Mory JlaKO npl1J1aro,qWTW BeJlW'IHHW
pwja.na KO,;W ce ,qe<j:lopM\1we. PerYJlal\W-
..iOM YJlaCKa W 113J1aCKa nape nOC1'W>Ke ce
6p3 npe.naG ca Jla'Kl1X Ha jaKe y,qapue, ca
noje.!tWHa<JHWX y,qaipal\a Ha 6p3e, y3a-
CTonHe.
He,qOC1'a1'aK napHWX 'IeKwiia JlOKJ1 y
BeJlwKoj no1'powfuW nape, Koja ce jaB.lLa
Kao nocJle,qwl1a perymil1J1je xo,qa. YnOTpe-
6a KOH,qe.H3a1'Opa 3a 113J1a3HY napy je Bp-
JlO HeeKOHQ'MW'IHa 360r BeO'Ma HepaBHO-
MepHe nOTpOWFbe nape . .upyrw, jow Bell!,!
He,qOC1'a'l'a'K 1'ewKWX napHWX 'IeKJ1fia (j e-
,!\J'IOCTpYKor ,qej CTBa) Jle>KJ1 y nOTpeCWMa
KOjJ1 ce jaBJbajy npJ1 KOBalbY J1 KOjW J13a-
3J1Bajy OW1'efieFba Ha OKOJlHJ1M 3rpa,qaMa
11 APyrl1M 06jeK1'l1Ma. .
OCHOBHe 11
napHI1X Qerol1ha OApet)yjy ce, npe-
en. lI5. - ITapH" "IeK>!" IIBO- Ma reJlejl1-y Ha cJle,qeliI1 Ha'IKH.
CTpYKor lIejcTsa " E, m,,,co" IIpe'lHI1K KJII1na o,qpeljyje ce 113
YCJlOBa ,qa CI1J1a 113A113a*,a MaJba -rpe6a
Aa ' 6YAe 3,5 AO 4 nyTa Belia o,q 1'e)KI1He MaJba G, Tj. FI G = 3,5 -;- 4.
AKo ce npl1. npBoM npI16J1I1)KaBaJ-bY 3aHeMapJ1 CMaFbelbe ,qOFbe no-
BpWI1He KJII1na KJll1nHe no.nyre, MO)Ke ce npe'lHI1'K KJll1J!1a D Flafil1
113 rrp0l13Bo,qa HeCMaJ-beHe nOBpW11He KJll1.1Ta " llP"1'"CKa nape po
F= : D"po, O,llaKJle je npW6J1W)KHO

y Po
3aHeMapeFbe npe'lHI1Ka KJlJ1'I1He nOJlyre 113a3J1Ba MaFbY rpewKy
caMO KOA 'IeKl1ha ca ABa cTy6a, Kao Hanp. Ha CJI . 109 c), rAe YCJleA ,qBO-
C1'paHor Bo!)elba MaJba rrpe'fHVIK OBe nOJlyre MO>Ke 6111'11 'Malbl1X ):111-
MeH311ja. MeIjYTI1M, K(},q qeKWlia ca cTy60M, Kao npeMa CJI. 109 a)
11 b), Mopa ce rrpl1 rrpOpaqyHy I1lpe'lHl1Ka KJI""rra D Y3e1'W Y 06311P npe-
qHWJ{ KJlI1'I1He nOJlyre, rrpcTeHaCTI1 06J1I1K ,qOFbe nOBpWI1He
K.nl1"na.
Y6p3aH>e MaJba npl1 Kpe1'alby HaH11)Ke je,qHa'Ko je 3611PY y6p3afua
YCJle,ll nail\a J1 y6p3aIba npoY3poKoBaHor ,qejCTBoM nape Ha
ropfuY nOBpwl1Hy KJlI1rra
A
o
/",),
109
. P A :r D"
rAe Je m Cpe.llfbM MH.lIMLVlpaHM npHTMcaK nape, 0 = 4' - nOBpumHa
KJDIna a m Maca MaJba (3aje,!\'HO ca OCTaJlMM MacaMa Be38lD1X 3a fbera).
Cpe.llfbM MH,!\MwrpaJD1 npHTMOaK nape je.llRaK je npJltiJIlOKHO nOJlo-
Po
BHHH MaKCMMaJfHor np>rn'CKa nape rj. Pm -2 : npHTMcaK nape po Kpehe
ce o6wtHO M3Mel)y 7 M 8 kg/ cm" .
Ep3>nfa MaJba Y TpeH)'TKy YAapa 6Mhe v = 1/ 2. ad s. r.lle je s X0.ll
MaJba. OBa MaKCMMaJiRa 6p3>nfa MaJba v He Tpt>6a Aa npel)e Bpe.l\HOCT
011. 9 ml s. AKo ce YCBOjH OBa BpeAHOCT 3a Kpajfby 6p311HY MaJba OHAa
ce M3 ropfbe jeAHaq>!He 3a 6P3l11iY MO}Ke HaIH' OAroBapajyhM XOA MaJba
v" 40 .
-
2a a
IIpeMa paHHj e peqeHOM j e 'yQP3afbe np.. KpeTal-bY MaJba HaH .. >Ke
(1
+
A.Pm \
ad = g . G - ; .lI0K he npH KpeTafbY HaB .. w e, Tj . np .... 3A .. 3afbY
(
AD'Pm I) . G
MaJba, 6wr .. ag = g - 0 - rAe Je Te>K .. Ha MaJba 3aj eAHo ca OCTa-
.1IJ1M np.JIOBMMa Be3al ..HfX 3a I-be r a.
BpeMe MaJba Hana3" ce Ha OCHOBY y6p3afba npl' .11"-
3afbY a, npPMa
a BpeMe n8Aafba
H a OCHOBY BpeMeHa I,
MHHYTJ1
60
n = i, + Id '
.llOK he ce CTBapRJ. 6pC>j Y.lIapa"a, C 063MPOM Ha r y 611TKe, Ao6 .. T.. MHO-
>KefbeM ca Koe<PWU"j eHToM <jJ = 0,6-;- 0,7, Te j e cTaapHM 6poj Y.lIapa"a Y
MHHYT ..
n= ,j, . __ 6_0_ .
. I, + I"
PacnOJlO>K"'Ba K .. HeT .. qKa eHepr .. ja qeK .. ha 611he
w= G.v" .
2g
JilcnllTHBalbC 'IcKHlia
qeK.me je nOTpe6Ho .Y paA.Y n0.llBprRYT .. HOnHTMBafb>fMa Aa 6 .. ce
KOHTpOJlHCaO fb"XOB pa.ll Y norJl eA.Y eKOHOMi'r'<HOr I<cKop11llIhefba <pny-
HJ\a 3a rrpeHOC eHeprl<je (Ba3.llYX, napa) Kao .. Y norJle.llY pa.ll HOr Bpe-
MeHa H BpeMeHCKor I<cKopl11llhel'ba qeKHha. MClT>rrl<Bafba ce yrJlaBHOM
Bpwe Ha BehKM Ha1pO ...... TO napmrM.
110
Ha CJI. 116 np1-1.Ka.3aHa je LlIeMa HCITJ.1TJ.1Bal-ba napHor 'lelOltl.a. CJI:J.1XY
npol.\eca Y napHoM l.\.HJIl1H.zu>y Haj60Jbe Aajy l11iAJ.1KaTOpK npKTKCKa y
3aBKCHOCTK OA xOAa. HI'M:a ce MepH npKTKcaK K3HaA KJIJ.1JIa, wcnOA
KJIKlTa 11 y pa3BOAHI<l<Y. MHAJ.1KaTOpCKJ.1 AJ.1ja1'paMl1 Aajy H MoryiuIocr
K3HaJla>Kelba HfIlAJ-rKaTOpCKe CRare 'leK'i1"ha, AOK je nO'cry>nax rrpH HHAH-
Il,KpaH>y WCTOBeTaR KaO K KOA napHHX KJI1111R:KX MaLlIKHa.
5
f-UN!llJJ(atllop
2-pecuctIt.p. t1oHoneillap
3-l'1epa'l OOll1POI!!l6e uafit
lI-guaZHocOlU'Iap
S-dpojo'l xOflo!a
en. 116. - llieMaI1CID1.TJlIBCUba napHor lielGJha
PaA>I Ao6J.1l3alba A}!jarpaMa npHT>lCKa y 3aBl1CH0CTJ1 OA BpeMeHa
nocraBJbajy ce peI'l1CTpyjyim MaHOMeTp>l. OHK Aajy CJIl1KY oIITepelielba
'leKl1lia. Perncrpyjyli.>I MallOMeTap 3a Mepelbe rrpKTJ.1"OKa y
CBOjKM AKja'rpaMO'M Aaje cmrKY 0 6pojy YAapa:u;a Kao 1-1 0 lbl1XOBOj ja-
'IIDUI. C.JJWUra cJnma 611 ce Ao6twa K orrajalheM MalHO'MeTpa 3a napHH
l.\K.JJHH,!Iap. KOPKCHOcr perKCTpyjyliHX MaHOMeTapa je jow y TOMe, urro
OIjH nOKa.3yjy TOK pMa 'leKl1ha 3a AY:lKH nepKOA BpeMeHa Tj . 3a CBe
onep3l.\Hie KOBalba HeKor PaAKor npeAMeTa.
3a KOHTpOJrY nOTpollllbe nape, Kao H 3a KOIHTPOJIY BpeMeHa MHpQ-
BaI-ba, npa3Hor XOAa H Ma'HiCHMaJIHOr oTITepeliel-ba, CJJY:lKH Mepa'l nOTpo-
Illlbe nape.
Perncrpan;Kja XOM y 3aJBKCHOcr>l OA BpeMeHa BpLlIH ce IlO'Moliy
HapO'lHTOr arrrapaTa 3BaHOT AHjarnOCT>I'Iap. IloMohy lbera ce MO)!{e 'KO'H-
TPOJll1caTH PaAHO BpeMe, BpeMe M11pOBalba Kao >I AYJKHHa XO'A3 OAHOCHO'
BHCKHa naAalha MaJba, TaKO Aa ce >13 TaKBor AHjarpaMa Ao6Hja rrperJleA
paM 'leKJ.1ha.
3a 6pojalhe xOAoBa Y'IlOTpe6JbaBa ce 6poja'l xOAoBa.
rope K3J10)!{eHa KCnKTHBalba He Bpwe ce CBa yaeK YfCTOBpeMeHO H
CTaJIHO, Beh nojeAYfHa'IHo H nOBpeMeHo >I TO' npeMa nOTpe6H. IlpM Ma-
COBHOj npollGBOAlb>l ,!l;OBOJbHa je nOBpeMeHa 'KOHTpOJla paAa, ACXK ce npH
npO'MeFiJbJ.1BYfM npO>l3BOAHHM 3a,!\al.\KMa BP= Ay)!{a nepHOAYf'lHa I1JJJI
CTaJlHa KORTpOJla.
111
llPECE
.l(OK ce Pa.rl '1eKXha 38C'IUI.Ba Ha AJ4'H8MWD<:OM .n;ejCTBY MaJba Ha Ma-
TepHjarr, K'O,l\ npeca ce MaTepHjaJI 06pal}yje MaJIOM 6p3HHOM, TaKO ,l\a ce
.n;HHaMH'IKO ,l\ejCTBo MaJha-npWl'HCIGfBa'ia 'recTO MO>Ke 3aHeMaPHTK H pa-
;tYHaTl1 caMO (:a CTaTH'lIGfM AejCTaOM. PaA ca '1eKHheM nponpaheH je
JaIGfM nOTpecJ1Ma, ,l\OK je Pa.rl ca rrpecOM MHoro Ml1plilljH. OBO je H rJla-
BID! pa3J10r llITO Be.1IHlUl IIapHH 'IeKHhH CBe Billlle 6HBajy nOTKCXKBaID!
H 3aMeJbKBaIDI CHa.>K:IDfM XJ1,l\pay.JrW.I:IDfM rrpecaMa 3a KOBaH>e.
lIpece, MeljyrKM, He HaJIa3e caMO npKMeHY rrpH nJlaCTK'lHoj Ae-
J13BJIa'ielbY Wl'A., Bell. H rrpK o6pa,l\H
M APyrJ1Jl1 ('..rrK'IHKM pal1lbaMa. lIpM TOMe nojeAKHH TKITOBH
IIpeca Mory Aa cJIY>Ke M 3a pa.3He BpcTe 06paAe Harrp. 3a ca6Hjalbe,
H3BJIa'lelbe, 11a H 3a rrpOCeL<albe, npellm BpeTH aJIaTa KOjH ce CTaBJba Ha
Mal.IDlHy. lIoce6HY rpyny npeca 'ilffie aYTOMaTH Kao H rrpece.
lIpeMa T01I1e ce H He MO>Ke BplUJ1TH CTpora nOAeJIa MalIDlHa IlpeMa BPCTH
Beh rrpeMa EMIXOBOj lIpeMa Ha'lKH-y paAa, Tj.
npeMa Ha'IKHY Ha KOjH ce IIOKpeT rrpeHocH Ha aJIaT, MOry ce rrpece no-
AeJJJ1TH Ha ABe rJIaBHe rpyne: MeXaHH'IKe H X11.l\PaYJIK'iHe rrpece.
MEXABH'lKE llPECE
KOA MeXaHK'lKKX rrpeca ce nOKpeTaHoe npKTHCIOfBa'la-eJIeMeH'I'a
3a KOjH je rrpK'iBpLUheH jeAaH ,l\eo aJIaTa - BPlID! rrpeKo Kpyror Mexa-
IDI3Ma - KKHeMaTCKor CKCTeMa. lIpeMa BpCTH norOHCKor Mexalill3Ma
l1eJIe ce K MeXaHK'IKe rrpece Ha pa3JIH'IWl'e {!a HCTOM KJlH
pa3JIK'IWl'OM HaMeHOM.
npcce
Ko,l\ 'rrpeca ce 06PTHO KpeTaJ-be nOrOHCKOI' MOTopa 1
(rrpeMa y,rrpowheHoj we= Ha eJI. 117) rrpeKO rrpeHOCHKKa
2 rrpeTBapa y IGfHeTM'lKY eHeprnjy 3, AOl{ ce KCTOBpeMeHO 3a-
BOjHO BpeTeHO 4 3aje,l\H0 ca 3 npH pa,l\HOM XO.n;Y Kpehe Ha-
_>Ke i1 rrpeKO npWl'KOKKBa'la 5 AejCTByje Ha pa,l\HH rrpe,l\MeT. lIpH TOMe
ce KHHeTK'lKa eHeprMja npeTBapa Y paA. lIo-
BpaTIill XOA rrpKTKCKHBa'fa nOCTH>Ke ce IIpOMeHOM CMepa o6pTaJ-ba 3a-

Y 3aB11'CHOCTH O,l\ TOra A8 JlK cy npece HaMelbeHe Ae-
<jJopMaW1:iK y XJIal1HOM HJlK TOnJIOM CTaFbY, pa3JIKKyjy ce OCHOBHe Ka-
paKTepKCTH'Ke TKX Ma1llKHa. lIOlUTO ce l1e<jJopM8W1ja Y XJIa,lJJHOM 'CTaIbY
BplID! rrp'H peJIaTI1BHO MaJIOM XOI1Y ca6Hjalba a rrpl1 BeJImwj Ae<jJopMa-
1.\K0HOj C'MJII1, TO ce KOA rrpeca 3a XJIa,l\HO ,l\e<jJopll1HCalBe BehH Aeo pa-
cnOJIO>KKBe Ki1HeTI1'IKe eHeprMje ry6H Ha paA Tpefha H Ha Pa.rl 3a eJIa-
CTH'IHO Ae<jJopMKcaFbe eJIeMeHaTa npece, '1.era je MalOCKMaJIHa Ao-
3BOJbeHa CHJIa KO,l\ oaK){ II1peca Beha a paCITOJIO>KMBH pa,l\ MaIbH. KO:l\
rrpeca 3a Ae<jJopMKCaIbe y TOITJIOM CTaIBY je pacnOJIQ}KKBa
KI1HeTM'lKa eHeprMja y Ol1IllTeM cJIY'Iajy Bella, AOK je Pa;I\ KOjH ce TpolID!
Ha eJIaCTM'iHQ l1e<jJopMKcaFbe e.'1eMeHaTa Kao H Ha ry6WrKe YCJIe,l\ Tpelba
MaIbH, na je K MaKC'HMaJIHa 1103BOJbeHa C'MJla Malba.
112
Y 3aBMCHOCTM OA 06JIMKa CPPMKtV10HOr I1peHOCHWKa pa3Jnlxyjy ce
llpeCe ca ABa AMCKa, ca je)J;HMM AWCKOM, ca TPI1 AMOKa. 11
CPPKKl\1'fOHe orrpece 6e3 AI1CKOBa.
cPpu'lCu,ucma npeca ca (Jaa (JUC'Ka. nOrOHelm MeXaHM'3aM OBe npece
caCTojM ce 113 ABa cppKKI.\MOHa TO'lKa, 3aMajl..\a M 3aBoj.HOr BpeTeHa. Ha
CJI. 118 'llpm<:83aH je I1pmrl..\Kll paAa CPPl1KI..\MOHe llpece. Ca lC8mllIDIKa
(o6wnror MJIM 3a K.1IMHa'C'J'M KaJ1w) llpeHOCK ce Kp.eTafbe Ha XOp'l13OHTaJI-
HO BpaTMJIO Ha 'KOMe ce HaJI83e ABa CPpwKI..\MOHa TO'lKa 1 M 2. npeMa no-
JIo>Kajy OBMX TO'l'KOBa Ha wel\rn (noBpa= XOA), npeHocH ce KpeTaJbe
ca CPPffiCl..\l1oHor TO'lKa 2 Ha
xopw30HTaJraH TO'laK 3. To-
'1'aiK 3 KMa Be.IDl!KY Macy M 2
Ml'pa yJIory 3aMajl..\a. KpeTa-
!-be ca cppMKl..\WQHOr TO"fKa 2
Ha 3 rrpeHocM ce
OTI10POM IIIpOTM13 KJIW3afba,
P8!AM 'lera je TO'l8IK 2, KOjM -11
je rrpMJby6JbeH y3 TO'laK /3,
06JIO>KeH KO>KHOM OfiJIOroM.

eJl. 117. - Ynpowfi eH3 rueMCl
palla q,pm<l\MOHe npece
10
Cn. 118. - ctJPI1KLI;J10Ha npeca ca J\sa AI1CKa
3a 3aMajal..\ 3 BeGaHO je 3aaojHo BpeTeHo 4, Koje ce Kpehe y owoBapa-
jyhoj 3aBoj-HM'I..\M Ha XopM30HTaJIHOM Hoca'lY A O'KBMpa lM8llIJ1'He. 3a AO!-bW
Aeo 3aBojHOI' BpeTeHa rrpM"llBpumeH je npWTMC'KWBa"l 5 rrpece M TO TaKO,
Aa ce rrpM OKipeT8'lby BpeTeHa npMTMOKHBa'l K1pehl! caMO Bep'I'I1'KBJIHO 6e3
O1<cpP.TBH>a.
npeMa TOMe, rrpM O'KpeTBH>y 3aMajl..\a 3 CMJIa3M WCTM HaHM>Ke
(cppKKl\1'faID! TO"lalK "l npMJby6JbeH je y3 3) nOBehaaajyfiM OTCTO-
jalbe r OA oce XOpMGOHTaJIH{)II' BpaTMJIa. npM llOBeha1-bY ,. lloBehaaa ce
06KMHa 6p3wHa lHa AOA]1pHO'M Kpyry TO"IKOBa 1 M 3, Te ce 1l0BehaBa
H 06MMHa 6p3MH8 3alMajl..\a, Ko.ja AOCTM>Ke HajBehy BpeAHoCT y TpeHyTKy
AQAwpa rrpwrMcKWBa'la M MaTepM:iBJIa. XOA ll'pMTM'OKMBa'la ce orparrw-
'1aBa rp8.HM'iHl1I..\MMa 6 11 7, KOjM ce rrpeMa I1OTpe6H Mory nOAeuraBaT1".
Y TpeHyTKy KaAa AOfbW J1'CnyCT Ha AecHoM AeJIY llpMTWCKMBa'la 5
YAapM y AOfbW rp8.HH'I:HMK 6, 110BJIa'-lM MCTM no;ryry 8 'lJMMe ce nORpeT
113
rrpeHOCM rrpeKO no,nyra 9, 10 H 11 Ha xOpiOoRTaJIHO BpaTH.110 K()je je
aKcHja.nHO nooq>eTJb11BO 'H Koje TaQ:\a no CBOM KJ)eTaH>y HlI,l\eoHO, rrpH-
Jby6Jbyje CPPI<lKW'lOIDI TO"laK 2 y3 3a:Ma'jaI.\ 3 a o)lBaja TOqaK 1. YCJIe,lt
OBara ce CMep o6PTal-ba MeFba H np=cKJoIBaq ce ,lIIDKe, ,AOK Jo\'CTH
He Y,Aap .. Y ropFbH rpaHWtHHK 7, 'iHMe ce oneT MeFba cMep KpeTaH>a HT,A.
OBO ce ,Aemaaa rrpl1 ayroMaTcKoM pa,AY, ,AOK ce rrpl1 PY'lHOM perymnue
pa,ARH H naapaTFUf XO,A 12.
YKy'IIHa IrnHeTH'lKa eHepl'l1ja, KOjy pa3B>lja oBaj CHCTeM rrpece,
je!lHaKa je 300PY KJrneTl1'iKe eHeprHje W' 06PTHI1x .AeJlOBa H KJoIHeT'H'IKe
eHeprl1je W" rrpaBOJIWHHCKM nOKpeTHHX !leJlOBa
\4.'= W'+ W"
KHHeTH'iK'a eHeprl1ja 06pTHHX !leJlOBa je,AHaKa je
lV' = (Jo' + Jo")
2
rAe je w-YTaoHa 6p3_a o6ponuoc ,AeJlOBa, a Jo' Jol Jo" nOJlapHJ1 MOMeHTH
Mace H Mace BpeTeHa.
K'HHeTJoPIKa eaeprl1j'a IYpaaoJlKIDlcKM Maca je
W"= V
O
(m'+m")
2
r,Ae je v-BePTHKaJIHa 6p3HHa rrpHTJofClillBa'ia y TPeHyTKy @0,AHpa ca MaTe-
pHjaJIOM, a m' '" m" Maca H Maca BpeTeHa ca rrp=CKKBaqeM.
KMHeTW<Ka eHeprHja W" je MaJIa rrpeMa W' Te ce MOJKe 3aHeMa-
pHTH.
Ha 1'OpInH IHa'fI1H O,Apel)eHa KJffieTH'iKa eHeprnja TpO= ce Ha cJle-
,Aehe pa,AOBe:
1) KOP"'CTaH ,Aecj:J0PMaI.\110Hl1 pa,A W"
2) Pll,l\ 'rpeFba W. y
3) pll,l\ "PeIna Wa Jol'3Mel)y rJlaBe BpeTeHa 11 npJolTJ:KHBaqa Jol
4) eJlaCT>!'lIDl ,AecpopMa[(JofOHI1 pa,/\ W, noI1'pe'IHor HOCaqa, CTy60Ba
'" BpP.Tp.Ha.
He y:lJoIMajyhJol y 063HP Tpelbe y 6Jort\e:
w= W, + WO + "'3+ Vi,.
KOpl1CTaH ,AecpopMaI.\"'= pail ca6Hj aH>a W, l13pa'fj'Haaa ce Ha
Ha'iHH Jof3J10JKeH y rIpBO!M nOl'JIaBJbY TeopHje 06pa,Ae 6e3 pe3alba. OBaj
pa,A ce 'rrpffi'CTaB"'TM Jol3pa30M
W, = IF.dS
o
r,Ae je F - ,Aecj:J0pMaI.\110Ha CI1J1a a s, - O,AI'OBapajylUo1 XO,A ca6I1jal-ba.
AKo ce 06pll,l\a apml1 ca Bl11lle Y3aCTonHHX xO,Aaaa 6e3 nOHOBHor rpe-
jalba, OH,Aa cy OB'" nOCJIe,/\1bH XO,AOBJol HajorracHI1jJol 3a rrpecy, nOWTO .je
Ta,Aa XO!l ca6Hjal-ba MaJIH a MaTepl1jaJl ce Beh 3HaTFro OXJla,AHO, ,AOK ca
.APyre CTPaHe npHTHCKHBaq ,AejcTByje rrp .. rryHOj IG!HeTH'lKoj eHepl'HjI1
3a'!>rajl.la.
8 MawKHe aJlaTKe
114
PB,II Tpea.a W2 Y 3aBOjID!l.\H HaJIa311 ce K3 aKOKjaJIHe OKJle F Ha
3aBOjHOM BPeTeRY (CJI. 119). HQpMaJIHa CKJIa Ra yrJIa Harn-
6a a je
FN = F cos a.
Osa ROpMaJIHa CI1JIa M3a311Ba CKJIY TJ)eli>a
Fr=p.F
N

rJ];e je 11 - JroetPlfi.\l'!:ieRaT Tpeli>a. Pa.o; -rpefba je.o;HaK je np0I13BOJ];Y 113
CKJIe TPefba 11 QJJ;roBapajyher rryTa. AKO je xo.o; ca6MjaFba SI, OHJ];a je
oJJ;roBapajylui rryT C"fJIe TpeFba no 3aBojHI11.\I1
s, . 2 r Jl
Se = -"--h--
l'J];e je h - XOJ]; BpeTeHa.
PaJ]; CMJIe Tpefba je Ta;!(a
COS a
W
2
=F
r
se=F 1'. ' s ,
2rrr
h
Osaj 06pa3aI.\ 611 Ba:lKKO KaJJ;a 611 F r 611JIO KORCTaHTHO 3a CBO
BpeMe xo.o;a; nOllITO je, Mery)M'HM, F r npOMeHJbMBO 360r I11pOMeHJbMBOCTI1
B1KcHjaJIHe CMJIe - CMJIe ca't5HjaFba F, TO he paJ]; CRJIe -rpefba 5MTI1
s,
lVe=IL' -_ . F ds=p. -- . lV,.
2r rr J 2r rr
h h
o
PaJ]; TPeFba Wa TpOilll1 ce Ha MeCTy .o;Q,!{Mpa '1eOHOr J];eJla 05p'I'HOr
3aBojHor BpeTeHa 11 MaJba. IIoJ]; npeTnOCTaBKoM J];a je cpeA'b11 npe'fHKK
Cn. 119. - H opMan-
H8 CHna Ha 3aBOj-
HHI\Y
Cn. 120. - CpeAIb>l
ape'iHHK nyTa Tpelba
qeOHOr ,n;ena 3aaojHor
apeTeHa
nyTa TPefb'a 2 n=T, (oBa .npeTI1OCTaBKa npl16JIlOKHQ oJJ;roBapa CTBapHO-
ern, nOlllTO cneqHtPH'fHM npWl'HCaK Ha Y3JJ;yJKHOM pYKa'BIW paCTe rrpeMa
cpep;m:rI'l'y, J];OK 6M 1I10J]; npeTI10CTaBKOM pamIOMepHO paooopel)eHor cne-
2
L\MtPl1'lRor npMTMCKa 6KJro T2 = 3' Tt) CJI. 120), 5Mhe nYT CI1JIe 'i'pefba
a paA Tpelba
r.
S3 = S" . COS C(
r
115
W,=p..F , s.=p..F.s". r
2
,coso;=\l.F . s
J
" 2 r2lr
r h
ilOlllTO aKCMjaJlRa Cl1"Jla F lillje CTaJIHa Ben IIpoMeRJbmla, TO -rpe6a
lTJ<:ca 11
W - d - 2r2lr W
lJ-P. - h- . s-P. - h- ,
o
EJIaCTWIHl1 pa,!( W, BpeTeaa, nonpe'lHor HOCaQa'I1
CTy60Ba RaJIa3l1 ce 113 AecpopMal.\l1je TIIX eJleMeHaTa.
,L\ecpopMaWlja fl YCJleA npl1Tl1C1CJ1Balba BPeTelra o'!(peljyje ce npeMa
06paCl.\Y
I, = I
r,!(e je F max - MaKCI<:MaJTlU1 ,!(ecpopMal1M<rnJ1 OTnOp, E - MOAYJl eJlaCTH"I-
HOCTM, l - HajBefia cJl060,u;Ha ,!I;y:>!OlHa 3aBojHor BpeTeaa, A - nOBp-
WMBa npeceKa BpeTeHa.
,L\ecpopMaWlja f2 yCJle,!( YBMjaEba BpeTeHa, CBe,!(eRa Ha BepTl1KaJIaH
npaaall, HaJla3M ce Ha Taj Ha'IMH, llITO .ce npBO HaJla3M AecpopM3W!ja -
nyT je,!(He Ta'fKe Ha 06!1"My BpeTeHa npM YBMjalbY, a 3aTMM ce Ta ,!(e-
cpopM3W!ja CBO,!(M Ha Beprl1KaJlaH npaBal1 Tj. HaJla3M ce ORa eKBmla-
JleHTHa BeprMKaJIHa ,!(ecpopMal.\l1ja f2 rooja O,!l;I'OBapa
'!(ecpOPM3W!jM YBl1jaJba f"
,L\ecpopM3l.\'1'1ja-nYT TaqKe A je,!(HaKa j e (CJI. 121)
M r /
/,=)' . /=----
G . I.
r,!(e je M MOMeHaT yal1jalha, G - MO,!(YJI KJlM3aJba, 1.
- nOJlaplU1 MOMeHaT npeceKa BpeTeHa, a l - AYJlGfRa
BpeTeHa M3HaA HaBprKe. 3a 0KPyrao npeceK j e
1 - 1[ d'. Te J'e
0- 32 '
'Y!.. .. /. r .
d' G
MOMeHaT M YBMjalba BpeTeHa jewra'K je
M = Fmox r . tg (0; + p)
rAe je P (tg p = p.) y rao Tpel-ba.
Cn. 121. - O'B>1-
jal-be 3asoj Hor
BPeTeHa
OAl'OBapajyfia CM;ra F" , Koja AejCTBy j e Ha OTCTOjal-bY T OA oce
BpeTeHa, MMa Bpe,!(HOCT
S'
n6
.D;a 610'1 ce HallIJIa ,lIeOpMaI.\Hja f. pe,llYKOBaHa Ha BepTIfK3JIaH npa-
BaI.\, Tj . eKBH'BaJIeHTHa y BepTKKaJIHOM npaB1U' , nOCTaBJba
ce j e,llHa '!HHa j e,llHaKOCTI1 pa,lla
F H It = Fmax . 12,
r,lle je Fmax OHa aKcHjaJIHa CJ.'IJIa y BpeTeHY 3a KOjy ce Tpa>Ke cBe ,lIe-
cpopMaQ}fje pa,llH H3HaJIa>KeFba ,lIecpopMaQ}fOHOr pa,lla W, Tj .
Ft/
12= ---' It=lt' Ig(o:+p).
F max
.D;eopMaQHja f3 YCJIe,ll yrn6alba nonpe'IHOf HOCa'ia (Ha CJI. 118
03Ha'ieH ca A) pa'IJ'Ha ce npeMa CTaTH'IKOM CJ.'ICTeMY KOHCTpyKQHje (3a-
TBopeHH QKBHp, npOC'lla rpe,lla Ha ABa OCJIOHll;a HJIH rpe,lla YKJbeWTeHa
Ha KpajeBHMa). 3a npOCTy rpeAY Ha ,lIBa OCJIOHI1a je ynr6 Ha Cpe,llmiH
rpe,lle (CJI. 122 a)
1
Fmax b"
3'= -="---
E . /. 48
r,lle je I - MOMeHaT HHepQ}fje npeceKa rpe,lle, a E - MOP;YJI eJIa-
CTH'IHOCTH.
aj
bJ
en. 122. - CTaTH':IKH CHCTeMH nonpeLfRor HOCa'LJa cPPMKQJilOHe npece - a) npOCTa
rpe,1l;a Ha ,lI;Ba ocnOHU;a, b) YKJbeWTeHa rpe,1l;a Ha Kpaj esHMa
3a rpeA}' YKJbeWTeHy Ha 06a Kpaja je (CJI. 122 b)
13" = .!. I;
4
3a npH6.IDDKaa npopa"lyH MO>Ke ce y3eTH
I.' + f3"
1'=--2-
f., K-oja HaCTaje yCJIe,ll H3p;y>KeFba CTy6oBa, HaJIa3H
ce npeMa
I.=J... . Fmax .,
E A
rlle je A YKYnHa nOBpWHHa npeceKa CTy6oBa.
YKYTIHa
"LI =/, +/2+/3+1.
(yrJIDH ce ca6Hpajy 6e3 oOOHpa Ha 3 HalK) , a AecpOpMal.\HOIDI PaA
W, = + . Fmax . "LI.
117
H a OCHOBY ropIber MO>Ke ce H3pa'iYHaTH IJOTpe6Ha Maca H3
nOJIapHOr MOMeHTa mrepqHje Jo' a npeMa
HI -.!...w" (Jo' + J
o
" )
2
r ope Hal}eHH MOMeHaT YBl1jaIba
M = Fmax r tg (ex + p)
lJopeA Tora lllTO OnTepehyje BpeTeHo Ha YBHjaIbe, olJTepeliyje H cry60Be
npece Ha caBl1jalbe H TO CHJIOM FM = M (CJI. 123) Y TpeHyTKY 3axO'ie-
a
lba BpeTeHa Y HaBPTl.\H. 3axo'lelhe HaCTaje 3a BpeMe ca6HjaIba, y Tpe-
HyTKy KBAa je AOCTIITH:yTa MaKCI1MaJIHa CHJIa npH '!eMY HaCTaje BeJIHKO
Tpelbe H3Meljy 3aBojIDll.\e BpeTeHa H Ha-
BpTKe. TaAa MOMeHaT M Te>KH Y XOPH-
30HTaJIHoj paBHH Aa CMH'!e '!aypy Ha-
BpTKe O,!{HOCHO Aa Hlll'iyna 3aBoj HI1 Aeo
norrpe"lHOr Hoca'!a H Aa OnTepeTl1 CTY-
60Be Ha CaBHj albe. CYIJIe F M AejcTByj y
XOpH30HTaJIHO H TO Y BHCHHH nonpe"IHor
Hoca'!a, TaKO Aa cy CTy60BH HCTOBpeMeHo
OITTepelieHH Ha caBl1jalbe H Ha aKcHjaJlHo
Harrpe3albe H TO MaKCHMaJIHO y KopeHY
CTy6oBa.
JJ:oca,!{alillbH npopaqyH 611J1aHca pa-
cnOJlO>KI1Be Kl1HeTl1'{Ke eHepr><je CPPI1K-
npece y3HMao je y 063Hp CaMO
paA KOjl1 Aaje MeIjYTI1M, rrpl1
npeHocy ca TO'!KOBa >Ia 3a-
nocpeACTBoM OTnopa Tpelba HaCTa-
j y ry6111.\11 YCJIeA KJII13aIba Ha lbl1XOBHM
AO,l{l1PHl1M nOBpllll1HaMa.
eJ!. 123. - OnTepehelbe CT)'-
M
6083 npece ycnelJ.. CMJI3 F M=-

CTeneH KOPI1CHOCTI1 cj:Jp>lK1.\110HOr npeHOCHl1'Ka MO>Ke ce 113pa311'1'11
y cJleAelieM BHAY
w

HI( l +k)
W - Kl1HeTl1'fKa eHeprl1ja
k - cj:JaKTOp KJl113alba.
rAe je
4>aKTop KJlI13alba k y3J1'Ma Y 063J1p ry611TKe JrnlieTl1'1Ke eHeprl1je
YCJIeA KJll13alba. OBI1 O,llHOCHO cpaKTOp K.JlI1'3alba, pa3JIWlliT je
3a lJojeAI1He nepHoAe paAa cs,"e MaWJ1He. TIPI1 pa,!{v je,!{He
118
crpece pa3JIHKyjy ce 'I'pM nepMO)1.a: nepMO)1. XOAa (AO
TpeHYTKa AOWIPa 113Meljy !IpIITl'lC'lOlBaqa M MaTep11jarra), nepMOA Ae-
cpopMHcaa.a (pa)J.1rn ,!teo xOAa npMTMC'IOlBaqa liaIDOKe) M no-
Bpa'I'Hor XOAa. 3a CBalOl 0,0; nepMOAa 5Hhe M cPaKTOp KJlM3alha
pa3.JI.Wrn'I', nOlllTO cy O):{HOCM 06Mi\1'FUIX 6p3KHa Ha Mecry AO):{11pa M'3Meljy
TO"IKOBa M pa3JlJ1"'iMTM 3a cBrum noje,z:r.KlUl nepMO)1.,
rrp11 qeMY Hrpa Y Jlory M npoMeHJMIl!OCT KOecPJ>ITI11j eH'I'a Tpefba y 3aB'HC-
HOCTI! 0)1. 6p3HHe 11 0.11. 'I'eMllepaTYPe.
XaMepceH (H. Hammel'sen) je 3a je,ltHy cPPMKl.\J>IOHy rrpecy ca ABa
)J.HCKa 0.11. 800 t. MaKCMi\1aJIHOr on'I'epefiefba Hamao cJleAehe CpeAl-be CTe-
neHe KOPMCHOCTH npooocrurn:a:
3a nepMOA 'Hepa,!tHor XO)1.a HaHJ<DKe !'} p, = 0,79,
AecPopMHCaFba I]po=O,47
nOBpaTHor XOAa !'} P3 = 0,31.
PaA KOjM ce TPOlIDl Ha eJlaCTM'fHY eJIeMeHa'I'a npece
MO}!(P. ce M3pa3HTH ca
W . (_ 1_ + 10/ (" tg
2
(a +p) +_5_ . J!':... +_1_, )
4 2 max L 2 E A d
4
G 384 E.J EA,
W. = C
AKO ce YCJIeA 'I'pefba W2+ W" np116Ju>uKHO M3pa3e nOMohy
CTeneHa KOPMCHOC'I'11 1], OHAa j eW . I] = W - W 2 - W 8, rAe CTeneH KO-
P11CHOCTM 'l Y3HMa y 063!1p ry6MTKe YCJleA 'I'pelha a oAPeljy j e ce npM-
. tg ex
6J1J>DKH0 J>[3 I) = , npM 'ieMY je OBl1M M3pa30M Y3el'O
tg (ex + p)
y 063Mp CaMO 'I'pelhe y 3aBojHi1:W'f, AOK je 'I'pelhe H'a 'ieOHoj ilOBpur>liUl
3aBojHor BpeTeHa, Koje je MaJIO y O,ltHocy Ha TpeFbe y 3aHe-
MapeHo. KOP11C'I'aH PaA A06Mja ce 'I'a)1.a M3 pa3ID1Ke
W . I) - . C a OAHOC Tora pa:1(a npeMa pacrrOJlO}!(MBOM paAY W 3a-
Aaje CTeneH 'KOPMCHOCTM paAa npece
C
,],= W
,[(11jarpaM ']r = f (Fmax ) Aaje KpMBY npeMa CJI . 124. 3a
cJlY'laj 1], = 0 Tj . W I] C np0113J1a3M M3 ropFbe jeAHa'DlHe Aa je
PaA je,ltHal[{ HyJlM 11 Aa ce nopeA Tpelha y 3aBOjHID.\J1 paA
TpOllDl jow CaMO Ha eJIaCTIoNHO AecPopMHCalbe eJIeMeHaTa npece. 3a oBaj
cJIyqaj Ao6J1ja ce HajBefia Moryha CMJla Kaja ollTepehyje npecy M npeMa
fbOj -rpe6a ,ltJ1MeH3110HHCaTM fbeHe eJIeMeHTe. Ta CMJIa je
, / W'I]
Fmax= Vc
IIp11 oApel)HBalbY MlIlKCHMa.JlHe C11J1e Ha roplbM Ha'fMH Y"IHlbeHa j e
npeTrrOC'I'aBKa Aa cy YCJIeA Tpelba je)J.'HaKM y 3aBoj-
fU1I.\J'1 M Aa 'I'M oCTajy KOHCT&'H'I'HJ1 M CaMO OA pacnoJlo-
>KJ1Be IOIHeTWIKe eHeprHje W a Aa He 3aBMce OA BeJIM'fHHe AecjJopMa-
UJ10He CMJle.
119,
iloroHCKa OHara CPPJ1KI.lIWHe npece o.l\pet,yje ce Ha OCHOBY pa.na
n01'pe6HOl' 3a KpeTatbe npwr",clGrna'la HaHI1JKe '" HaBmue. IIpe .
.l\OBO,llH ce y BpeMeHy
tl (nepJ1o.l\ KpeTaH>a npwrJ1CKI1-
HaIDDKe) KJ1:He'l'H'lKU eHep-
mj a
iloIlITO cy r y 6J1t!,11 YCJIe.l\
KJlli3alba y cppmG.IJ10HOM npe-
HOCHKKy I13pa)KeIDI ca CTene-
HOM KOP"'CHOCT'" npeRoCHHXa
fjp, TO je nOTpe6aH pa.l\ KOj", ce
rrpexo CPPJ1KI.lMOHOr rrpeHomrn- - _ f,;...
Ka 3a Taj rrep",o.l\ JWBO.l\J1 3a-
. Cn. 124. - ,lJ;JoIjarpaM 33BJoICHOCT>f
I
Wp' = - -- . to' (10' + J
o
" )
2 . 'lpl
aKO ce ca fj p 1 03Ha'lJ1 CTerreH KOPJ1CHOCTII rrpeHOCHJ1Ka 3a
nep"'o.l\ KpeTalba npwr"'C'KJ<sa'la RaHJ1:m:e.
Y rrepJ1O,l\y ,l\I13a!lba npwr"'CKJ1Ba'la t" nOTpe6Ro je .110-
BeCT'" oRary
":d= - ' - G X -fj' C
'lpa
r.l\e npBM 'lJIaH o.l\rOsapa pa.l\Y ,l\I13alba np=",cro"'Ba'la (3aje,!\Ro ca CBJ1M
.l\eJIOBJ1Ma Be3a1UlM 3a lbera) 3a BJ1=Y x, aKo ce Y'5MY y 063J1p
y npeHOOHJ1KY 3a rrepJ1o.l\ .l\I13alba (fjP " je cTeneH roOPJ10HOCTII CPPI1KI:1I1-
oHor npeROCHJ1Ka 3a rnepJ1o.l\ .l\I13aFba). ,l(pyrJ1 'lJIaH O.ll'l'0sapa eHeprJ1jJ1
Yl'pOWeHoj TIPl1 pa.l\HOM x0.l\Y Ha eJIaCTIf'lRO .l\ecj:l0pMJ1Calbe eJIeMeHaTa
npece YMalbeHoj 3a ry6J1TKe YCJIeA Tpelba y (YTl1L\aj 1')); aBa
eHeprJ-tja ce rrpJ1 rrOBpaTHoM XOAY AeJIJ<MJ1'lHO Bpaha CJ1CTe.>ry J1 TJ1Me
cMalbyje rroTpe6RY CfIary 3a spaii:aJ-be 3aMajga y nOJIa3RJ1 rrOJIO)l{aj.
IIpeMa TOMe, 3a jeAaH J1 rrOSpaTHJ1 XOA nOTpe6aH je CJIe-
Aeh", YTpOl11aK p8.l\a
.l\OK je rr01'pe6Ha CEara
p=
"'m
aKO speMe j eARor pa,llHor J1 nOBpaTEor x OAa y ceKYHAaMa
+
60 . 6'
I, t, = rAe Je n PO'] paAHJ<X x OAosa y MJ1HJT"
n
v!3rJIeA jeAHe CPP"rKl.\J10He rrpece ca ABa A"'CKa rrpJ1Ka3aH je Ra
CJI. 125. OKBJ1P je w.3pat,eH OA JIJ1BeHor rBo)l{i}a, .l\OK j e 3asoj'H0 BpeTeHO
OA KaJbe'HOr 'leJlWKa.
120
Ko,!l; Be!UIX <j:lPI1.l<4110HI1X npeca, a y nOCJle,!l;!-be BpeMe KO,!l; Ma-
IbID{, BpllIl1 ce aKcl1jaJIHo nOMepa!-be ,!I;I1CKOBa He PY'LHO, Bel;. XI1,!1;pay.IDI-
'UU'IM nyreM. TI>lMe ce paCTepel;.yje O,!l; npl1Jby6Jbl1Balba <j:lPl'lKUJ>!-
OIDrX TO'fKOBa npeKO py'fHe nOJlyre. KO>KHa 06J1ora 3aMajl.\a je y Bl1,!I;y
YJIOlX y<:rrpamlY1X TPaKa 06J1o>KeHl1..X OKO 3aMajl.\a. Ko,!l; HOBl1jl1X npeca
j e KO>KHa o6J1ora CJl060,!l;HO 06aBl1jeHa, TaKO ,!I;a ce KO)l<a rrpe.Ma 3aMajl.\Y
MO>Ke. peJlaTMBHO nOMe.paTl1- KJlI1311T11; TI1J11e ce CMalbyje. TPOLllelhe KO>Ke.
Ko,!l; Berll1X HOBl1j.l1X npeca BeHal.\ 3aMajl.\a HI>fje 'fBPCTO Be3aH 3a !-be.rOBO
'{eJTI1'fHO TeJl'O, Bel;. MO>Ke rrpeMa ,!I;a K.IDl311, 'fI1Me j e nOCTl1fHYTa
CI1fYPHOCT O,!l; JlOMa npl1 rrpeomepel;.eFbY.
en. 125. - lPM'KQJ10Ha npeca ca ABa At1CKa nMunkteW' . l\1:aKcI'I i\'I3JIHa CJ1JIa npJ1Tl1-
eKa 125 TOHa, 6poj xOAoaa y l\U1HYTJtI 10, 6poj o6pTa XOpH30HTaJIHOr BpaTJ1'JIa 175
Y MJ'IHYTH, norOHCKa CHara 4,5 k. s.
Kao MaTepl>fjaJl 3a OI<Bi1pe Beh.i1x rrpeca ynoTpe6JbaBa ce 'lemi'lHI1
JIHB. ,n:a 611 <:e OKBI1p paCTepeTI10 O,!l; v.CTe3alba, ,!I;aje ce CTy 60B11Ma O>l<:BI1-
pa npe,!l;HarrOH CTe3a!-beM nOMol;.y ,!I;Ba 3aBpTlha y TOrrJlOM
CTaFby.
121
Ha CJI. 126 ,!J,aT je >orneA je.I{He HOBHje BeJrnKe cPp>uatJ.IOHe npece
ca ABa ,D;>lCKa H ca x"ApaYJJIoI'l.HHJI' ynpaBJba'leM AHCKOBa.
<PPUK4UOKa "peca co jeOKtt." OUCKO.I<. <Ppl1Xl1l'lOHa npeca ca ,!J,Ba
.!\11CKa je HopManaH THn cppHKQ110He npece KOjll ce HajqeIIIhe cpehe y
Kapah"TepllCTHKa }heRor CPP'rKI:\l'IOHOr npeHOCHJ1Ka je y
UlTO ce upH KpeTlllby npHT"'CKHBa'la HaIDUKe therOBa 6p3KHa JDI -
HeapHO nOBenasa 0.11 v, Ha 1';, a np", Kpe'l"aIbY HaB>UlIe olalbyje mmeapHO
c..'1. 126. - Be.71IK3 <pPIIKI..VlOHa npe-
c;:,; ca ,lsa llHCK3 11
yrrpaB.1baQeM "Weinga-rten"
0.0. 1'2 Ha v) (CJI. 127 a) . To 3Ha'lJ1
.IIa ce np", npeJJa3Y Ha nOBpaTHH
XOA 3a."ajal:\ HarnO y6p3aT'"
Aa 611 ce nOCT",rna 6p3KHa MaJba
Benl1'rnHe 1'2 Y cneA TOra jaBJba ce
Beh pal!J<je nOMeHYTo KJJM3aIbe
3a.'l'Jajl{a '" o.llroBapajyher
cjJPHKJ:{}IOHOr TO'lKa (y:K0JI11K0 HHje
npeABJ1IjeHo KJIW3aIbe 113Meljy
BeHl:\a 3a:Majl.\a H the-TOBor Tena).
C.n. 127. - ,llujarpa)'1 6p3H..H3 DPH-
TJ.ICfn'fB3l:J3 KOll cPPHKQHOHHX npe-
ca 0) npeca ca ,zlS3 Al1CK3, b) rrpe-
ca ca .;tHCKOl1
liTO ;1:\la 3a noc_.eoW"l.\Y 6p>Ke TpOUlelbe 06J1ore 3a:\lajl:\a ><ao II ry611TKe
y noro3CKoj CHa3H .
.D:a 611 ce H36ernH rope nOMeHYT'" CPP"'Kl{HOIDIX npeca
ca ABa A",cKa, CTBopeHa je lI"Qece ca je.l{IDlM .!\11CKOM. KOA
ose KOHCTp\"KII.1je je npH xo.o.y np"'T"'CKKBa'la HaliJI:>Ke nOCTHl'HYTO "'3-
BeCHO cMruhea,e nO'leTRe 6p311He V" Koja 3aTHJI1 mrneapHO paCTe.110 '2
(CJI . 127 b). IIp,,, nOBpaTHoM xOAY je noqeTHa 6p3.ma 1'3, Koja oCTaje
CTaJIHa 3a cBe ,D;>13alba, a 3BaTHO je Malba Hero 3a npeHOCHJIK ca
l(Ba mICKa.
IIpHHI:\lffi cpp1l1G.!>!0H.or npe-ROCH.JlKa ca je-,!{IDIM AI1CKOM np"'Ka3aH je
Ha cn. 128 rAe je Ha 128 a) npllKa3aH nOJlo>Kaj AI1CKa 3a XOA Ha-
BlOKe, AOK c... 128 b) npllKa3yje .wolllbe upJlTllclOfBa'l.a. IIPlI pa.!{HO:\l
XOAY (HamDKe), npe-floc" ce KpeTalbe ca noroHCKor BpaTJIJIa 1 Ba TO-
'lax: - -,<liCK 2. KOjll je npHJby6JbeB y3 3a"ajaI:\ 3. 3a 3a.\,aj8I:\ 3 se3aHO
je 3aBojHo Bpe'l"eBO 4, Koje Kao H KO,!! CPPII'KqHOHJIX npeca ca ABa AI1cKa,
122
npOoJIa:m: KPOo3 ffaB!JTKY Ha nOnpe'lHOoM HOoCayy 11 IlOIqJehe npI1Tl1CKl1Ba'l.
3a:Maja.I.\ 3 I1Ma 'IeTl1pl1 CWMeTpl1'IHOo pacnOope"eHa OTBopa, KpOo3 KOoja cy
rrpOBY'leHa eepTl1lKaJIHa CTytia 5 (Ra C.7l"Kql1 ce B1;I,!\e caMO Tpl1
CTytia, IlOoWTOo ce YeTBpTl1 IlOoKJIana ca cpe,D;fbl1M), Ilpl1'lBpruheHa 3a xc-
PI13OoHTaJIalf, TaI-b!1paC'l'l1 TOo'IaK 6. T a,ll;a TIpI1 XOoAY I1C'1'l1
KJIl13ylll1 AY>K CTytiOoBa OoKpehe npeKOo .fbl1X 11 X'Opl13OoHTaJIaH TOoyaK 6.
2
a)
2
7
.bJ
CJI. 128. - <l>PHKlJ,J.iOHW npeHocHwK ca j e.rVlJ.1M AJ1CKOM a) - nOJIo>Kaj 3a XOA, Ha-
HJ.1'}Ke, b) - nOJlo1Ka j 3a XO,lt HaBJ.1We
Pa,!I;l1 npeJIaCKa Ha nOoBpaTHl1 XOO,II; (HaBl1lUe), Oo,II;Baja ce TOo'llJJK 2 0,11;
3aMajn;a 3, a 'npl1Jby6Jbyje y3 M'a.lm KOoHl1'IHl1 TO'Ia>K 7, KOojl1 'ce oneT rrpl1-
Jb y6Jb yj e Y3 YlIYTPa:tlllhl1 BeHan; TOo'fK1a 6. Pa,!I;l1 TOora j e TO'Ia'J{ 7 Ilpl1-
<I BpurheH 3a KJIaTHOo 8. Ha Taj Ha'Il1!H TOo'IaK 7 l1rpa yJIOory YMeTHYTQr
TOoY'Ka 113Mel)y TOo'lKOoBa 2 11 6. Ta,ll;a ce KpeTaI-be ,ca 'I'o<m<a 2 'rrpeHOoCM
npeKOo 7 Ha 6, a ca !-bera npeRlOo C'I'Y6OoB'a 5 'ffa 3a:Maj a.I.\ 3 H 'Ha 3a-
BOojHOo BpeTeHOo. IIOollITOo 3a 'BpeMe IlOoBpaT'HOoT XOo,II;a npe'lHl1K ,1I1OAHPH'Or
Kpyra Ha TOoqxy 2 OoCTaje 'I1CTI1, 3a paaJIHKy 0,11; Pa,!I;HOoT xO,!l;a (HruHIDKe), TOo
he nOoBpa'I'Ha 6p3I1Ha rrpl1TI<lcRll1Baya 6l1T11 KOHCTa'HTHa (eJI. 127 b).
123
HeAOCTaTaK OBaKBOr npeHOCHI1Ka je Y TOMe, ll1T0 cy npl1
xOAa cTy60BI1 YCJJeA CI1JJa AOCTB j<i'KO oTITepeheIDI Ha
caBI1jaIbe.
. CJJ. 129 np>ma3yje 113rJJeA roplber AeJJa jeAHe npece
ca AI1CKOM. CJJ.l1xa yTJJaBHOM npWKaayje cj:JPI'1Kl\:I1OIDI npeHOCHI1'K,
KO:J11 Je y nopeljelby ca cj:JPI1Kl{WOIDtM npeHocHwKOM CB ABa AMCKB AOCTa
CJJO)l(eH.
en. 129. - J.13rJIe.u; ropl-ber .u; ena CPpwKQ110He npece ca j e.u;HHM J.l, HCKOM
j <PPtLKu,U01!a npeca ca TpU OUCKa. OBa KaHCTpyKl.\I<ja TaKolje 3a
no6cJbWrube npece ca ABa AI1CKa. PBAa
npeHOCHJ<Ka OBe npece npMKa3aH je Ha CJJ. 130. 3a paAH:l1
XOA (HaIDOKe) npeHOCI1 ce KpeTalbe ca BpaTI1JJa 1 fCJJ. 130 a) npeKo '1'0-
'IKa 2 Ha 3aMajBl.( 3 11 Ha 3aBojHo I'PeTeHO 4 ca npMTMCKI1Ba'leM. IIpeMa
TOMe je paAHM XOA WCTM Kao M KQA npece ca ABa AI1CKa. 3a nOBpaTH:I1
XOA ce BpaTMJIO 1 nOMepa RaJJeBO, ce oABaja TO'faK 2 OA 3aMajlla
3, a npMJby.6Jbyjy TO'lKOBM 5 " 7 (CJJ. 130 b). TO'IKOBI1 5 M 7 JIe)l(e y jeA-
HOj paBHM a 'lHHe je,lViy lIeJJ:l1HY ca 3yn'laHWKOM 6 OAROCHO 8. TO'IaK 5,
KOjM je caAa 'IlpMJby6JbeH ya 3aMajBl.( 3, norOH npeKo 3yTI'!aHMKa
6 M 8 M OH oKpehe 3aMajall y cynEOTHoM CMepy KOjl1 oAroBapa Al13alby.
110111'1'0 np:l1 AM3a}bY 3aMBjlla MCT,! AOAMPyje TO'IaK 5 Ha CBe BelieM
OTCToja}bY OA }berOBe oce 06PTruba, TO he 6p3Jffia 3BIV!ajlla pacTH
M TO AO TpeHYTKa KBAa 3aMajBl.( Aolje :lIO AOAMpHor 'MeCTa TO''fKOBa 5 M
7. Ha TOM MeCTY he 3aMajall npehM Ha TO'IaK 7 11 npM CEOM AaJbeM Kpe-
TrubY HBal1l1le CMa}bw:fie ce 06MMHB 6p311HB 3a'MBjl.\a, nOUI'm ce WCTI1
cMa Kpehe OA 06MMa Ka cpeAI1l1lTy TO'Ka 7. OBOM ca
'!'pM AWOKa OCTBapeHO je np" nOBpaTHOM XOAY nocreneHo y6p3B'IlaIbe 3a-
MajllB AO caCTaBa TO'lKOBa 5 11 7, a 3aTJ-!M rrOCTeneHO ycnopaBaJ-be, TaKO
Aa je PM MHoro MMpHMj:l1 Hero KOA npece ca ABa AI1cKa, aJIM je 3aTO
KOHCTPYKlll1ja rJJOMa3H>lja, nopeA Tora 111'1'0 3yrr'fru-rl1l\M He-
npMjaTaH WyM.
,ll;Mja!TpB'M:l1 npoMeHe 6p3IDle 3a paAHI1 11 nOBpaTHH XOA np:l1Ka3aH>I
cy Ha CJJ. 131.
OnurrH >l3rJJeA jeAHe cj:JpHKl.(MOHe rrpece CB Tpl< AI1CKB nplllia3aH
j e Ha CJl. 132. Ha OBOj je weMaTCKI1 rrpI<Ka3BH CI1CTeM 3a HCTO-
124
BpeMeHO nOMepaFbe 06a 5 11 7. npeJIa3a Ha nOBpaTHI1
I1CTOBpeMeHO ce nOMepajy HaJIeBO TO'fl<OBI1-,lJ;I1CKOBI1 5 11 7 ca
BpaTI1JTI"JI{a.
(:j) npeca 6e3 QUCKoea. OBe npece npeT-
CTaBJba ,lJ;aJbI1 'KOpaK Ka ycaBpwaBaFbY cPPKKI.\110HJ1X npeca. llieHa weMa
je Ha CJI. 133.
Topa
IIpl1 (HaHI1)Ke) npeHOCI1 ce KpeTaFbe ca eJIeKTPOMo-
1 npeKo BpaTI1JIa Ha 3yTI'iaIDIK 2, a ca Fbera Ha 3YfNaHl1K 3, Pa,D;l1
2
a)
I
3
2
b)
en. 130. - cI>PJIIKQI10HM npeHOCRJ.-JK ca TPW )l;J1CKa
a) nOJIo>Kaj .u:"ICKa npw pa,n;HOM XOAY, b) nOJIO-
JKaj npw nospaTHOM XOAY
qera ce nOMoliy cnojHl1ll;e
K onaja 3yTI'iaRm< 3 ca
BpaTl1"JIOM A. Ha roplbeM
,lJ;eJIY OBor BpaTl1"JIa Ha-
JIa311 ce MaJIl1" o)KJbe6Jbe-
mi TO'!aK 4,
KOjl1 je y 11 npJo[-
Jby6JbeH y3 YHYTpaUUbI1
BeHar< 3aMajl.\a 5. Ca 3a-
Majl.\a 5, KOjl1 je BI1C)1"H-
CKl1 HenOMJof'laH, npeHOCI1
ce KpeTaJ,e Ha BpaTI1JIO
6 Ha '!HjeM ce
JIy HaJIa311 3aBOjHO Bpe-
TeHO. OBO 3aBOjHO Bpe-
TeHO YJIa311 y npI1TI1CKl1"-
Ba'! 7 Kao y HaBpTKY. Ta-
ce npl1 oKpeTalby 3a-
Maj I.\a rrpI1T11C'KJ-lBa q Kpe-
lie Ha!HJo[)Ke KOHCTaHTHOM
6p3I1HOM.
v,
eJI. 131. ,!(>IjappaMl<
6p3MHe npMTJ1CKJ1Sa '-Ia
3a cjJPl<KlI>IOHY npecy ca
TPI1 ,llJ1CKa
IIpl1 rrpeJIacKY Ha nOBpanUf nOMepa cnojHl1"l.\a K HaHJo[)Ke,
TaKO ce BpaTI1JIO A onaja ca 3ynqaHKKOM 10, a paCTaBJba Be3a 113-
Me!jy OBor BpaTl1JIa 11 3ynqaHJ1Ka 3, ce KpeTalbe npeHOCI1 ca eJIeK-
TpoMoTopa 1 Ha 3ynqaHl1Ke 2, 8, 9, 10 11 ca nOCJIe,lJ;lber Ha BpaTI1JIO A 11
cPPJ'f1U<1'10HYl TO'IaK 4. ,1:(aJbI1 npeHOC rrpwrl1cKJolBaqa j e l1"CTI1 Kao 11 3a
Y DB OM APyroM CJJY'Iajy npOMeHl1li e ce CMep OKpeTalba 3a-
Majl.\a 5, Te lie ce npl1Tl1cKYlBaq ,lJ;MliI1 KOHCTaHTHOM 6P311!H0M.
en. 132. - OnWTH l13rJIeA npece
ca TPH ,l:tHCKa
CJI. 133. - illeMa CPP>U<1.\110He npece 6e1
AHcKoea
125
126
KOA ose npece, 3a pa3J1I1Ky 0.11 CPP>fKl.\110HI1X npeca
ca .lisa AI1cKa, 3aMajm ca 3asojHI1M HeMa SepT>rKaJIHO Kpe-
Tal-be, sell ce caMO npIITI1CKl1"Sa4 Kpelle. 080 3ajeAHo ca YKJla'bal-beM
L\I1CKOsa CD1H11 Aa cy OITlUTe AI1MeH-
311j e osa KBe npece Ma.l-be. a
Mallll-Uia I1Ma MHoro CKJla,1J;HYljl1
113I'JleA, WTO nOKa3yje 11 CJl. 134,
Ha KOjOj je npl1Xa3aHa je,n:Ha cPpl1.K-
l.\110Ha npeca 6e3 AI1CKosa. HeAoCTa-
TaK OBIrx rrpeca je y 6p30M TpO-
wel-bY CPPl1Kl.\110Hl1X T04:KOSa, Kao 11
y CJlO)l(eHl1joj
npece 06114HO
11Majv 3asojHo SpeTeHO Y SJolA,Y
ABO- 11JiJo1 TpOXO)];He 3aBojHl1I.\e. Kao
MaTepl1jaJl 3a HaBpTK)' y noTpe6JbaSa
ce cpoc<j:>0pHa 6poH3a.
<PP.>fKl.\JoIOHe npece ynoTpe6Jba-
Baj v ce 3a pa,l\OBe caB>rja.l-ba, 3a Te-
WKe paAoBe npocel.\al'ba, 113BJla4e-
I-ba, 3aTI1M 3a pa,l\ose
ca611j al-ba, Hapoc[Jo(To y TOnJlOM CTa-
Ihy. ITpece ca CTy-
60Ba y noTpe6JbaBajy ce 3a PaAose
.Y'I'11CKYIBB.FbB 11 il:Pyre pa)l;>be npl1
KOjl1MB je Kpajl-ba C11J1a BeJiJolKa a
XOA MaJlI1 (HarJlO npeTIlapal-be KI1-
HeTHCIKe y AecpOPMBl.\HOHI.!
paA) , AOK ce 3a paAoBe caB>rjal-ba,
I13SJla 4el-ba H )];pyre paAose KO)]; Ko-
j JoLX ce AecpopMHcaJ-be MaTepl1jaJla
BPWH ca seJlJ1:!U!M XO,l\OM a Mal-bOM
Kpajl-boM CHJlOM, ynOTpe6JbBBajy
rrpece ca cTy60'Ba.
en. 134. - IJpeca 6"" 1(" - . Bpoj xOAoBa y KOA
CKOBa . WeingaTten" CPP>fKI\JW'HI1X npeca j e AocTa MaJiU.
3a Bem1Ke rrpece je 6poj xOAOBa
6'';'' 10,. ,l\OK je KOA Mal-bl1.X npeca BelHI. Bp30XO)];He cpp>fKl.\l10He rrpece
>fMajy MBJiH npe'lJiJ1.K 3BMajl.\a a BeJJ>rKI1 rrpe4:HHX CPPJ1lil\lWHI1X T04XO-
Ba, 4>fMe ce nOCTJoDKe nOSeBal-be 6poja XOAosa .110 30 Y WlHyTI1. L\a 611 ce
KO,l\ OBI1"X nOCJJe)l;>b11"X rrpeca rrpHTI1CKMBa4 V rOpl-beM nOJlo)Kaj y 6p30 3a-
y CTaBIW, y rpa.ljyje ce y npHTHCKI1Ba4 Hap04HTa K04Hl1l.\a ca JJaMeJJaMa.
Kpllsaj Hc npece
Ko,l\ Kpl1BajHJ1X rrpeca Kao nOTOHCKH MeXaHl13aM rrpl1TI1CKHBa4a
CJly>KH npoCTI1 MexaHH3aM Kpl1BBje HJlI1 KO"16>rHOBBH ca jow He=1
il:PyrHM K>rSeMaTC=' eJleMeH'!'I1Ma.
H a CJl. 135 npl1Ka3aHa je Lue"a jeAHe npece ca nOrOHCKI1M Mexa-
HI13MOM y BHAY npoCTor MexaHH3Ma Kpl1Baje. Ca eJleKTpOMOTopa 1 rrpe-
127
HOCI1 ce npeKO 3y'fi''iB.ffi1K'a 2 KpeTalbe Ha 3aMajal.\ 3 ca 03y6JbeIDIM aeH-
L{eM. 3a:Majal.\ 3 rrOCTaBJbeH je Ha rJIaBHO apaTi'IJlo npece. Oaalffie rrpece
ca .lIMpeKTHO rrOCTaaJbeHI1'M 3aMajl.\eM jecy 6P30XO,ll;He npece 3a paaJ1ID{Y
O,ll; cnopoXQ,!l;HI1X, KO,ll; KOjl1X je J13Meljy BpaTJ1J1a eJleKTPoMOTopa J1 Bpa-
TJ1J1a npece YMeTHYTo HeKOJlKKO 3YIT'iaHJ1Ka paM CMalbelba 6poja 06PTa.
3aMaj
a
l.\ 3, 3a KOjJ1 je Be3aH ,ll;eCHJ1 ,ll;eo 4 cnojHT1l.\e, CJlo6o,!l;Ho je rrOCTaB-
JbeH 11a :apaTJ1J1o, ,ll;OK je JleBJ1 ,ll;e<> 5 crroj Hl11.\e KJU<HOM ae3BH 3a BpaTJ1J1o.
CrrajalbeM ,ll;eJlOBa crrojHl11.\e npeHOCJ1 ce nOKpeT Ha MeXaHJ13= 1qJJ1-
aaje H Ha npJ1TJ1CKJ1Sa'i 6, ,ll;OK ce O,ll;BajalbeM J1CTHX 3aYCTaBJba pa,ll;
rrpece He 3aYCTaBJbajyhJ1 eJleKTpOMOTOp. Cnajafbe cnojHl11.\e apurn ce
n PI1THCKOM Ha ne,ll;a.rry 7.
en. 135. - illeMa KpKBajFl e npece
Mexrui:I-Pnut pa,ll; KOjJ1 1'pe6a ,ll;a ,ll;aje npeca Mopa 6J1TH je,ll;HaK 36Hpy
KOpJ1CHOr pa,ll;3 J1 pa,ll;a KOjM ce "I'pOllIM Ha C<lBJlaljJ1Bafbe ry6J1TaKa.
KopHCTaH P8,!l; J13HaJla3J1 ce Ha 11a'H11i J13J10JKeH y norJlaBJbY: Teo-
pKja o6p8,!l;e 6e3 pe3alba. Ha np.3a npOCel.\albe 611 pa,ll; 5HO je,!l;HaK nOBp-
I.ID[}fJ1 ,ll;KjarpaMa F = f(s) Ha CJI. 72. Pa,ll;, KOjJ1 MOJKe je,!l;Ha npeca ,ll;a npo-
J13BO,ll;J1, 3aBJ1CJ1 y rJl'aBHOM O,ll; KJ1HeTJof'fKe eHeprl1je "Kojy MOJKe ,ll;a pa-
3BMje 3aMajal.\ npece .
.D:a 6J1 ce o,!l;pe,ll;MJle rJlaBHe ,ll;J1MeH3Kje 3a'Maj-l.\a, nOJla3J1 ce O,ll; ,!l;J1-
jarpaMa F = f(s) J1 Ha ocHoay fbera l.\p1'a ,ll;KjalI"paM TaHrel11.lKjaJlHJ1x CHJla.
Be.IDl'!MHa TaHreHl.\J1ja"J!'HJ1X cJ1JIa Ha.rra3J1 ce 113 pa,!l;a y je,!l;J1-
HJ1l.\J1 BpeMeHa TaHreHl.{MjaJrHe CMJle F T 1< CMJle Ha rrpHTJ1oKJ1:Ba'iy F
(CJI . 136).
t, (
v,
Bp3J1Ha v, = 2 . r . 7t n je 06HMlHa 6p3wHa pYKaBl.\a lq)Maaje y MM-
HYTH, ,!10K ce 6p3HHa Va rrpMTHCKJ1BaQa o,!lpeljyje Ha CJle,llefiM Ha'lJ1H.
128
IIyT Ta"lKe B je,llHaK je
x=l+r-OB,OB=MB+OM
yb 'I'poyrJIa COM '" CBM HaJIa3'" ce MB = I . cos ,llOK je OM =
=r' cosa '" Ta,lla je
X = I + r - I . cos (3 - r . cos a = r ([ - cos a) + I (I - cos (3)
):(a 6", ce y rao "'3pa3"'0 yrJIOM a MOOKe ce rrncarn
eJl. 136. - iloroHcKH MexaHH3aM KPJoI-
BajHe npece
eM = r . sin n. = I ' sin il
O,llaKJIe je
sin (3 = : . sin a = ). ' sin a
I
. ,
r,lle Je ,,= II .
je
cos (3 = VI - sin' (3=
= ]I I - A' . sin" a
a 11yT x
x = r (I - cos 0: ) +
+ I (I - {I - A'sin" a)
IIowTo A = 06WlHO He
I
rrpeJIa3'" OA 0,2 TO ce
6e3 BeJII1Ke rpewKe MO}f{e ",cno,ll
KopeHa ,llO,llaTl1 '"
), '
- sin' a 11 Ta,lla he 6",'1'
4
x = r (I - cos cr. ) + I (I - yl _ ).,2 . sin
2
ct + sin' oc)
(
A" )"
Ybpa3 ",cno,ll opeHa. je,llHaK je Ta,lla I - 2 sin" a a 113pa3 3a
ITy'!' x l1Mahe 06JII1K 311Majyhl1 y 063"'P ,lla je 2 sin
2
Cl= 1- cos 2 0:
A" [ , ]
x = r (I - cos cr. ) + . 2- . sin" a = r (I - cos a) + ; (I - cos 2 (Y. )
Bp3"'Ha npl1THCKHBa a ,llofulhe ce nyTa no Bpe-
dx
MeHY Tj. VB = dt np'" qeMY Tpe6a Y3ern y 06311P ,lla je a = w t r,lle je
It ' - y raoHa 6p311Ha Kp"'Baje
129
I1peMa TOMe je
v
s
=1. " (Sin Cl++Sin 2Cl)
HTe . J aJIHa CHJla
T = F (Sin C( + + sill 2 a)
AKo ce caAa pa3BJ1'je 6HM KpHBaje (CJl. 137) H Ha OCHOBHOj JIHIDfjH
a'---{l2 Ha oAroBapajylieM eCTY HaHecy CHJIe A06H-
jeHe H3 AHiarpaMa F=f (s) CJl. 136 MHOJKel-beM OPAHHaTa ca Bpe;Il-
HOurhy
(Sill C( + + sill 2 a)
3a a oAPoBapaj yliH )'Tao KpMBaje, A06Hhe ce lllpacpHpaHa
rrOBplID[Ha Ha CJl. 137. OpAHHaTe OBe rrOBplllHHe rroBefiaBajy ce 3a
Cn. 137. - .D;MjarpaM TaHreHQl1j anHlix CI1Jla 3a KpHBajHY rtpecy
10-;'-15
%
Aa 6H ce Y3eJlO y 063HP Tpelbe 3a BpeMe paAHor XOAa. BHcHHa
a, - b,=a,-b, oAroBapa KOHCTaHTHHM 3a BpeMe npa3Hor
xOAa rrpece, TaKO Aa nOBplID[Ha bl a l d a, b, npeTCTaBJba YKYmlH JTpo-
lliaK paAa npece 3a Bpe.'I'le jeAHoT 06PTa KpHBaje. AKO ce OBa nOBplllHHa
rrpeTBopH y npaBOYTaOHHK ca OCHOBl1l(OM 2 r':Fr, A06Hhe ce ITpaBoyra-
OIfHK BHCHHe bl - cl=b2 - C2. BHIlJaK rnpacpHpaHe rrOBplID[He H3HaA
JlHHHj e CI - c, rrpeTCTaBJba TaAa paA 'KOjH Tpe6a Aa Aa 3BMaja1:\. OBaj
paA Tpe6a Aa je jeAHaK L O. Il
W f""' --='----=1---'--+-'-
Y OBOM H3pa3Y je G TeJKH a 3aIMajl.\a cBeAeHa Ha Te>lUlunrn
KIJyr rrpe'fIfHKa D, 11JIH rrpH6JlHJKHO je G TeJKJ1Ha BeHl\a 3aMa1l.\a, a D
npe'lHHK Te>KJ1111HOr Kpy,ra Be1ll.\a. n je 6poj o6PTa 3aMajl.\a y MMHyTH, a
9 Mawl'lHe aJIaTKe
o = Vnrww - Vmin
vcr
130
CTeneR HepaBHOMepHOCTI-! 3aMaju;a, r,Ae cy v
max
, vm,n II v,p MaKCI-lMaJJ.Ha,
MHIDlMaJTHa K cpe,AH>a BPe,AHOCT 06KMHe 6p3Jme Te}!Ufl]]HOT Kj>yra 3a-
MajI(a 3a npece je 06WlHO 6 = 0,10 -7- 0,15.
lIpeca, I1leMaTCIrn npKKa3aHa Ha CJT. 135, npeTCTaBJba je,AaH OA
llpOCTKjKX TKllOBa npeca, npK '{eMY HKje 6I-!JIO pe'fI-I 0 caMoj BpeTH Kj>K-
BajHor Me..XaHK3Ma. KpKBajHJ1 MexaHK3aM MO>Ke 6= I-!3Be,AeR K= Y
ID!AY eKCIJ;eHTpa I-!= KOJIeHa, Te ce I-! pa3.ID!Kyjy I-! KOJIe-
aaCTe npece. lIpeMa Ha'fI-IHY ,AejCTBa pa3JTKKyjy ce npece llpOCTOT, npece
JJ;BOCTpYKor K npece TpOCTpYKor AejCTBa.
IlieMa Kj>KBajHe npece Ha tJI. 135o,AroBapa
eKCIJ;eHTapCKe npece. OHe "lMajy Kao nOl'OHCKK MeXaHJ13aM eKC-
u;eHTap ca CTaJrHKM I-!= ca npoMeHJbKB"lM eKcu;eHTpKu;I-!TeTOM. EKcu;eHTap-
cKe rrpece ca llpOMeHJbKB"lM eKCIJ;eHTPKu;KTeTOM ce yrJIaBHOM K YITQTPe6-
JbaBajy, rrOllTO OHe A03BOJbaBajy npOMeay xOAa y AOCTa nrnpoK"lM rpaHK-
lIpoMeHJbKBK eKCU;6HTap caCTOjI-! ce I-!3 ABa eKCu;eHTPa K TO eKc-
U;6HTPI-I'fHOT PYKaB:u;a 1 ca eKCu;eHTp"'ll;KTeTOM Tt (CJT. 138), Ha KOMe ce
HaJIa3I-! eKc:u;elITpwmK npCTeH 2 eKcu;eHTP"'lI;KTeTa T2, Ha KOMe je oneT
rJIaBa np=cIOlBaqa 3. OKpeTaIbeM eKCu;eHTpa 2 IIpeMa eKc:u;elITpWllioM
PYKaB.l\Y 1, Ao6Jtli.e ce >KeJbeHK eKCu;eHTpKu;KTeT 'fI-Ija je MaKC"lMaJTHa BpeA-
HOCT Tt +n. OCKrypalhe Mel)yc06Hor nOJIOlKaja eKcu;elITpa Bpurn ce no-
Mofiy npCTeHa 4. OBaj npCTeH je KJTI-IHOBI-IMa Be3aH 3a HaCTaBaK PYKaB-
u;a 1, a KMa Ha cnojoj AecHoj 'JeoHoj rroBp= 3YTll.\e R:ojI-! YJIa3e y
oAroBapajyfie 3YTll.\e Ha JIeBoj 'JeoHoj nOBplIDlHI-! eKcu;elITpa 2. lIpI-! npo-
MeIDl eKCIJ;elITpKu;KTeTa o,ABpfie ce HaBPTKa 5 I-! OAM""le npCTeH 4 OA eKC-
ll;eHTpa 2 KOjI-! ce TaAa Kj>ehe peJIaTKBHO npeMa PYKaBU;y 1. 3aT"lM ce
npCTeH 4 I-! HaBPTKa npI-ITe>Ke.
CJJ. 138. - IIpOMeHJbI1B>l eKcqeHTap excqeHTapCKe npece
Ba>KaH nOrOHCKI-I eJIe .. vreHaT npece j e cnojHKu;a, Koja oMorynaBa
6pJKe rryillTaIbe y pa,A npece Kao I-! lbeHO 3aYCTaBJb"aIbe 6.e3 3aycraBJba-
Iba noroHcKor MOTOpa. Ha I1l6MI-! CJI. 135 je WeMaTCKI-I npeT-
CTaBJbeHa ,AeJIOID!Ma 4 I-! 5.
3a MaJIe Kao I-! 3a cnopoxW\He npece yrrQTPe6JbaBa ce cnojHKl\a ca
(CJI. 139). Ha AeCHOM AeJTY eKcu;eHTapcKor BpaTi-iJIa 1 (rJIaB-
Hor BpaTi-iJIa npece) CJT06oAHo je nOCTaBJbeH 3aMajau;, KOjI-! Ha JIeBOM
AeJIY rJIaB'fI-IHe KMa rrpCTeHaCTO. yflYliJbelbe 2. Y OBOM y.n;y6Jbelby Ha-
131
Jla3e ce ABe (mOl TPH) ocoBwunw ' 3 Ha jeABalCOM pa3MaKY H TO TaKo,
.liB FbHXone rJlaBe JIeJKe y npcTeHaCTOM y)ly6JbeFby. Ca JIeBe crpa-
He 3aMajl.\a HaJIa3H ce npcTeHaCTO TeJlO 4, Koje je KJIHHOM Be3aHO 3a
BpaTHJIO 1. 'II OBOM TeJIY HaJla311 ce OTBOP napaJleJI!lH Oel'! BpaTHJIa 1,
Y KOjI'I j e rrOCTaBJbeHa OCOB1<IHHl.\a 5. OnpY'ra 6, Koja JIellUl Y YJ\Y6JbeFbY
a 5 (aH,/\i'1 J\eeHH, ropFbI1 J\eo CJl. 139) . HaCJlBlba ce cnojHM
JIeBHM KpajeM Ha nJlo'I'HI.\Y 7, npwmpnrheHy 3a TeJIO 4, a J\ecHHM Ha
J\eCH>! .IIeo OCOBIDUrI.\e 5, TaKO J\a onpyra yneK Te>KH J\a J\ecHH, l.\HID1H-
.IIPH'UUI J\eo b OCoawll"l.\e 5 yrypa Y npCTeHaCTo YJ\)I'6Jbeibe 2 3BMllju;a.
'II TOM CJlY'lajy J\eo b npH OKpeTBlby 3aMajl.\a 6HBa 3BXBalieH rJIaBOM
jeJIHe 0.11 OCOBIDUrI.\a 3, Te lie ce KpeTaFbe ca 3aMajl.\a npeHern npeKO Te
rJIaBe aa ocoaIDOll.\Y 5 11 npeKO TeJIa 4 Ha apaTHJlo 1 a ca Fbera Ha npHTH-
CKHBa'l, nrro o)\roaapa paJIHOM xoJ\Y. KpeTBlbe ce 3aYCTaBJba nOMoliy
J\aoKpaKe nonyre 8. TIp>! PBJIHOM xOJ\Y (3aMajBl.\ clJojeH ca TeJrOM 4) no-
Jlyra 8 je nOBJIa'leFbeM lID1IIKe 9 OABojeHa 0.11 OCOBHHHl.\e 5. PB,/\>! 3ay-
CTaaJbBlba MBlIDIHe Hcnyurra ce IIDITIKa 9 KOjy apana jeJ\Ha onpyra (Ha
CJI>Il.\H ce He BHJ\>I), TaKO J\a np>! OKpeTBFbY TeJIa 4 3ajeJIHO ca ocoaH-
m!l.\OM 5, HcnYfT'leH>!, 3a06JbeH>! J\eo C OCOB>IH>Il.\e 5 Ha>!JIa3>! Ha KJUlHa-
CTI1 3aapllleTaK nonyre 8 YCJleJ\ 'lera ce, np>! KpeTaFbY 3a06JbeHor J\eJIa
C no crpMOj paBHI1 Tor 3aBpllleTKa, OCOBIDU!l.\a >!3BJIa'lH :113 npCTeHaCTor
J\eJIa 3aMajl.\a, Te ce KpeTBFbe 3aYCTaaJba.
en. 139. - ca
'II nOTpe6a cnoj HHl.\e ca OCOB>IH>Il.\OM orpaH>!'1aaa ce Ha MaJIe npece
360r Tora, lllTO ce 06PTHH MOMeHaT ca 3aMajl.\a npeaoc>! Ha BpaTHJIO
caMO npeKO MaJIor, l.\HIDfHJlPI1'lHOr J\eJIa b OCOBI1HHl.\e 5. TIOlllTO Y TPe-
HYTKy cnajaFba 3aMajl.\a ca TeJIOM 4 HaCTBje YAap rJIaBe 3aapTFba 3 Y Aeo,
9"
132
b OCOBHHl1l.\e 5, TO ce oBaj Ha"IMJI cnajatba He MOJKe ynOTpe6KTI1 3a
6p30XOIJ,He n p ece YXOJUfKO HI1CY oHa6t\eBeHe j aKOM KO'fHK1.\OM 3a KD-
'ietbe 06p'l1H11X Maca.
KOt\ eRcq eHTa'PcKI1X npeca je 'ieCTO npl1MetbeHa cnojID!l.\a ca 06PT-
HKM K.1II1HOM (CJI. 140). Ha t\eCOOM Kpajy eKcqeHTapCKOr BpaTI1J1a 1 CJlD-
601J,H0 j e rrOCTaBJbeH 3aMaj a!l.\. Ca J1eBe cTpaHe 3aMaj qa HaJla311 ce npCTe-
HaCTO TeJlO 2, Koje je KJlMHOM Be3aHO 3a BpaTl1J10 1. M3Meljy TeJla 2 11
Bp aTI1J1a 1 YMeTHyT j e 06p'I'HI1 KJlJ1H 3 (BI1t\11 11 ,l:\OtbVl, t\ecHI1 t\eo CJlI1Ke),
/
tlpp.cex 11-11
1//
c
eJI. 140. - CIIojHMI..{a ca 06PTHl1M KJIJ.1HOM
KOjVl ca J1eBe CTpaHe VlMa I1crrYCT a, t\OK celberOB t\eCHIif t\eo npOTeJKe
11 Ha qeJly =PVIHY 3aMajqa. 06PTHI1 KJrnH je 'Ha CBOM cpet\tbeM AeJlY
b AO nOJlOBl1He 3aCe'ieH. Ha npecexy A-A-I BI1t\11 ce rrOJlOJKaj KJlHHa
npeMa 3aMajqy 3a CJIY'iaj rrpelOfHYTe Be3e 113Meljy 3aMajqa 11 BpaTI1Jla 1.
McnycT a 06p'I'HOr KJlVl'Ha 3 HaJla3K ce 3a oBaj cJIY'iaj Y paAl1jaJlHOM
nOJloJKajy npeMa BpaTI1JJy 1. Mce'ieHJ1 Aeo b KJIVI'Ha 3 J1eJKJ1 Tat\a nOTrry-
HO y nOJJyRpy>KHO'M JKJbe6y BpaTI1Jla 1, TaJ{Q t\a ce 3aMajaq MO'JKe CJlO-
6oJ\H0 OKpe<raTI1 He 3axBaTajyIiM KJlVIH. AKO ce caAa 06pTHM I<JU;rH Ha-
KpeHe (BJ1'):\!I1 npecex A - A-ll), I1cKocl1he ce 11 t\eo b KJlI1Ha 3 11 yhJ1he jet\-
HI1M t\eJlOM y Jet\HO OA Tpl1 yt\y6Jbetba C H<I Y'HYTPallilboj nOBpllIl1HJ1
rJlaB'lHHe 3aMajqa. Ha Taj Ha'iVlH he 06p'I'HI1 KJl>rJi cnojl1T11 3aMajaq ca
BpaTHJl OM 1, Te he ce KpeTa<lbe ca 3aMajqa npeHeTl1 11 Ha npI1TI1CKI1Ba'i
npece. I1YllITalbe y pat\ 11 3aycTaBJb'albe p at\a npece Bpilll1 ce nOMohy
llIVIITKe 4 VI t\BoRpaxe rroJl y re 5. AKo Je Be3a 113Mel'jy 3aMajqa 11 rrpece
I1CKJbY'ieHa tKao Ha CJl. 140) , HaCJlal-ba ce I1CrryCT a KJlVl'Ha 3 Ha CJl060AHVI
133
KpaK ABOKpaKe nOJIyre 5 11 06PTHl1 KJI>1H >lM8 TaAa nOJIo>Kaj Kao Ha
npeceKy A-A-I. Ta,!la je TeJIO 2 ca .06pTHl1M KJIl1HOM >I BpaT>lJIOM 1 He-
nOMWiHO, A"OK ce oRpehe. ,ll;a 611 ce cnojl10 ca BpaT>lJIOM
1 (paAHl1 XOA) , nOBJIa'fl1 ce lID!ll'Ka 4 Ha.H>OKe, 'laMe ce RpaK
ABoKpaxe nonyre 5 >l3MaKHe (noJIo>Kaj I(pTaH >lcnpeKHAaHl1M JrnHJ<jaMa)
>I TaAa he ol1pyra 6, Koja je jeAHI11\' RpajeM Be3aHa 3a 06111\' TeJIa 2, a
APyr>[M 3a l1cnyCT a 06pTHor KJtl1Ha, ORpeSYTa 06P'l'IDl KID\H KOj>l he
3ay:3eT>I nOJIo>Kaj npeMa npeceKy A- A-JI. TaAa ce crraja ca Bpa-
TIWOM 1, npl1 '1eMy he ce o'KpeTaT>! l1 TeJIO 2 3aj e,!{HO ca 06PTIDIM KJIl1-
HOM. ,ll;a 6>1 ce orreT 3aYCTaB>lJIO ORpeTa1he BpaTl1JIa 1, TPe6a >lCnyCTI1T>1
l.lJl1l1:Ky 4, Koja he ce nOA AejcTBoM onpyre (Ha C=>I ce He BI1,!{l'l) Bpa-
T>!TI1 y npB06l1THl1 rrOJIO>l<aj (nyHoM JIl1IDIjOM LWTaHO Ha CJI. 140) H
TaAa he npl1 CBOM oRpeTa1hY >t"CnyCT a 06pTHor KJIl1Ha YAap>lT>l Y CJID-
KpaK ,!{BOKpaKe nOJIyre 5, KJIl1H he ce oneT l1cnpaBI1T>!, Be3a l13-
Meljy >I BpaT>lJIa 1 paCTaBnhe ce >I KJ]HH 3ajeAHo ca BpaT>lJIOM
oCTahe y MeCTY HerrOKpeTaH.
IIow'l'o ce KOA OBe BPI1.U1 cnatia}be 3aMajl.\a ca BpaT>!JIOM
no Ay>KaHl1 8eJIa b KJIl1Ha, TO ce OBa crroj HHl.\a MO>Ke ynOTpe6>ITH
>I 3a npeHOC Behl1X cHrura.
,ll;pyrl1 Ba>KaH rrorOHCKl1 eJIeMeHaT je KO'lHJ1l.\a, 'fl1jl1 je paA Y He-
nOcpe,l\Hoj Be3H ca paAOM cnojIDn1e. Ha CJI. 135 Ko'!Hl11.(a je LUeMaTCK>!
npeTCTaBJbeHa >I 06eJIe>KeHa 6pojeM 8. 3a,!{aTaK je KO'lIDfi1e Aa yHl1lllT>I
Kl1HeTWIKy eHeprujy eKCl.\eHTapcKoT BpaTl1JIa Kao H npHTHCKl1Ba'la y
TPeSYTKy paCTaBJbal-ba cnojHl1l.\e, Aa 6>1 ce np>lT>lCKl1Sa'l TpeHYTHO 3ay-
CTaB>lO y ropl-boj MPTBOj Ta'll.1l1. Ha Taj Ha'IHH ce paCTepehyjy H AeJIOB>I
cnojIDll.\e KOj>l cy >l3JIO>KeHH YAapy. CaMo KO'leJDe nO'll1H.e Beh HelUTO
rrpe Hero WTO np>lT>!cKl1Ba'I AOCTlITHe CBOjy ropl-by MpTBy Ta'lKy.
CJI . 141 np>lKa3yje KO'IHHI\Y ca Koja ce ynoTpe6JbaBa
caMO 3a MaJIe npece. OBa CTaJIHO np>lT>lCKyje BpaTHJIo.
KOA rrpeca HOBJ<je KOH-
rrpMMel-byj y ce KO'IHl'll.\e Koje
KO'fe caMO nOBpeMeHO 11 TO Y TpeHyTKy
D. 142. - KO"lHHQa ca TpaKOM 3a
noapeMeHO
KaAa np>lO'>lCK>lBa'l Tpe6a Aa AOCT>lrHe ropl-bY MPTSY Ta'lKy, Tj. KaAa
Tpe6a Aa ce paCTaS>I cnojHl1l.\a. CJI. 142 npl1"Ka3yje weMY ca
nOBpeMeH>I'M AejCTBoM. Ko'ul'>Il.\a ce cacToj>l l13 '1eJIl1'lHe TpaRe Koja je
134
06aJmjeHa OKO eKCl.\eHTapCKOr Bpanwa a 3aTeJKe je orrpyra. Ha MecTY
r.lle je 06amfjeHa TpaKa 06paijeHo j e BpaTI1JIO eKCl..\elITpWlliO, TaKO ):Ia
ce npl1 OKpeTalbY BpaTl1JIa TpaKa '{ac 3aTe>Ke YI KO,{I1, a '{ac oJIa6asYi.
EKCl..\eHTPI1l..\I1TeT j e TaKO nOAeweH, Aa ce KO'lefue BPWI1 y TpelfY'l'KY pa-
CTaBJhali>a eno jHl1l.\e.
HOpMaJIHa KOHCTPYKl..\I1ja eKCl..\eHTapCKI1X npeca O):ll'OBapa weMl1 Ha
CJI. 135. EKOCL\eHTap ce Ta):la HaJJa311 Ha rrpenyCTy eKCl..\eHTapCKOr Bpa-
CJI. 143. - EKCI.\eHTapCKa npeca "Lanz" -
to.1aKCI1:MaJIHa CJ1J1a 35 TOHa, SenJ11lllHa CTona
510 X 390 mm, XOi\ np"T>lClUfBa'la 8 .,..48 mm,
6poj XO,ll;OBa y MJ1HYTH 120, norQHCKa CHara
2 k. s.
TI1JIa. M31'JIe):l TaKBe npece ):IaT
je Ha CJI. 143. OBa rrpeca l1Ma
ypeljaj 3a BI1CKHCKO 1l0):leWa-
Bali>e CTOJIa Kao 11 rrpYITYICKI1-
Baqa. CnojHYIl..\a je Yl3se):leHa
ca 06PTHHM KJIKHOM .
.L(pyra KOHCTpYKl..\l1ja eKC-
l..\eHTapCKe rrpece rrpJ1Ka3aHa je
Ha CJI. 144. OB):Ie ce eKCl..\eHTap
HaJIa'311 Yl3MeIJy ABa JIe}KKllITa,
TaKO ):Ia je eKCl..\eHTapCKO Bpa-
TI1JIO rrpeMa rrpeTXOAHoj KO'H-
OKPeHYTO 3a 90.
CTO OBe rrpece BI1CI1HCKI1 je He-
1l0MJ1'{aH. Ca1l'Ia rrpeca CTOj 11 Ha
HapO'!l1TOM 1l0CTOJbY OKO Kora
MO>Ke ):Ia ce HarYflbe. IIpeCl1 ce
.l\aje Harn6 rrpl1 cepYlcKoj rrpo-
113S0):\li>H Ka):la, Harrp. rrpl1 rrpo-
Cel..\albY, 1'OTOBI1 ):IeJIOBI1 CaMI1
Tpe6a ):Ia CKJIJ13Hy HI13 CTO Ha-
rHYTe llpece 11 .lIa llaAHY Y Ha-
PO'il1TO IlTpYlrrpeMJbeH CKYllJba'{
113a rrpece.
IIpeca llpeMa CJI. 144 MO-
JKe ce YllQTPe6= 11 3a pa):lOBe
113BJIa'{elba, Pa):Il1 '{era ce HaK-
HaAHO yrpaljyje ypelJaj 3a ):Ip-
>Kali>e JII1Ma. TaAa ce roplba
llJIo'{a CTOJIa CKI1,!la 11 nOCTaBJba
ypei)aj 3a ):Ip>Kali>e JrnMa IIJ?eMa
CJI. 145. OBaj ypeljaj pa.l\l1 ca
ca611jeHl1M Ba3,lJ;yXoM npl1TJ1CKa
4-;-.6 kg/ cm'. Ca611jeIDf Ba3,nyx
113 KOMrrpecopa OAJIa3J1 y cPJIa-
wy, O):laKJIe j e):lHJ1M ):IeJIOM J1):1e
Kp03 l..\eB 1 y ypeljaj 3a .lIpJKali>e JUfMa, a ):Ipyrl1M ,!leJIOM rrpeKo Hapo-
,{I1Tor BeHTYIJIa I13JIa311 Kp03 l..\eB 2 YI cJIyJKI1 3a 0.l\YBaBali>e M3BJIa"!eIDfX
):IeJIOBa; OBI1M ce 3awTI1hyje pa):lHl1K ):Ia He 611 3aBJIa,{110 PY'Ky Y TIpecy,
Pa):\I1 BaljeJba TOTOB= ,!leJIOBa. O.l\YBaBalbe ):IeJlOBa BP= ce aY'TOMaTCK'I1
nOCJIe CBallWr pa):\Ho.r X0.lla npece, =0 perYJIl1We rope nOMeHY'T11
BeHTI1JI.
CJI. 146 rrpKKa3yje ):IeTaJbe ypeljaja 3a ):Ipmali>e JI!I1Ma. Ca611jeHl1
sa'3,lJ;yX xpoo l.\es C YJIa311 y l.\I1=H):Iap A ):IejCTByjyhl1 Ha KJIJ1.fT B. KJlYln
B je rrpeKO cnojKl1 E se3aH 3a ):IpJKa"! JlI1Ma D. IIpe nO,{eTKa pa):la CTalB-
135
Jba ce JIKM Ha AOlbH Aeo aJlaTa 3a H3BJ1a'lelbe F, KOjH je Ha HCTOj BH-
CHID! ca APlKa'leM JlHMa D. rOplbH aJlaT 3a H:3BJla'leH>e G, KOjH Je npH-
'lBpIIIheH 3a npHTHCKHBa'l npece, Kpel\e ce RaIDOKe npHTHcKYjyl\H AI'-
:m:a'l JIHMa H H3BJ1a'lerur JlHlII. llpI'I H3BJIaQefbY ce nplITHCKYje AP}f{aq
eJt. 144. - EKCQeHTapCK8 npeca "Munkt eUs" - :\'laKCHMaJl Ha CHlIa 16 ToJi"a,
Be.JIJ-NHHa CTQJla 450 X 305 nun: xo,n; npHTHCKHSal.J a 10 -:- 120 mm, 6poj x o,n;oa3
y MJ1 RYTJ1 140, norOHCKa CB3ra 1,5 k. s.
en. 145. - ilOCTaBJbafbe ypel)aja 33 Apmal-be JrHMa Ha eKCQeHTapCK-y npecy
136
IDlMa H<l!HlI1JKe Taq{Q .v;a aJIaT G MQ>Ke .v;a npel)e npeKQ .D;OlbeT
2JIaTa F. IIpl1 'l10BpaTHO'M XQWf ce ,!(p>Ka q JII1Ma QneT spaha y CBQj npSQ-
611'l1lD1 nOJIQ>Kaj. Kmm H, KQjl1 ce HaJfa311 y rQPa.eM aJiary G, C.rry>KM
3a npe,II;'MeTa, yKQ.IDfKQ 611 I1CTI1 y<: Jle.v; Tpelba O'CTaQ
y YHJTPaIlllbQCTI1 aJIaTa.
3a Malbe eKcl.\eHTapCKe npece ynQTpe6Jbasajy ce 11 ypel)ajl1 3a
,!(p>Kalbe IDlMa ca <mpyrO'M (CJI. 147). 'up:-Kaq JII1Ma KQj'l1 ce HaCJIaFba Ha
Cn. 146. - Ypeljaj 3a IIp:malbe JU1Ma
5
\
-r;
CJI. 147. - Ypeljaj 3a IIpmalbe nl<Ma ca
nJlO"l Y 1 npeHQCl1 npl1Tl1'CaK Ha
Qnpyry 4 npeKQ CTIQjKl1 2 11 Ta-
lbHpa 3. ,UQ!-b'I1 KPaj Qnpyre
npMXBaneH j 'e npeKQ .v;QlbeT Ta-
lbwpa QCQSl1HOM 5. Osa OOQBI1-
Ha Be3aHa j e 3a IJ.IY'IIJbe TeJlO'
6, KQje ce YMel\.e y CTQ npece.
He.v;QCTaTaK ypel)aja ca QnpyirOM
je -Y TO'Me, Ill'TQ npl1 113SJlaqelbY
Cl1J1a ,!(p>Kaqa JIl1Ma pa.c-re nQLleS
Q.v; CI1J1e npe,II;HanOHa Fo .v;Q HeKe
spe.v;HOCTI1 F" 'il1Me ce nQBel\.asa
Hanpe3a1be y .JIJ1MY. Ko.v; Ba3.v;y-
lIIHO'r ypeljaja je, MeIjYTl1M, CHJla
.v;p>Kaqa JIl1Ma npHtiJlH>KHQ KQiH-
CTa'HTHa 36()r seJIl1lKe 3anpeMHBe
cpJlallie (pe3epBoapa 3a Ba3.v;yx).
IIpece Ha 'CJI. 143 11 144 cy
OT'BQpeHe Tj. lbl1-
XQsa TeJla He 'lHHe 3aTSQpeHM
O'KBHp. 3-6QT TO'pa ce MQpa BQ,II;H-
TI1 -pa qyHa 0' eJl2'CTH'UIoj .v;eQP-
TeJla npece. OSQ je HapQ-
'iI1TQ TIOTpe6HO npl1 npQceualby
I1J1l1 11'3BJIaqelbY, Ka.v;a rQPlbl1 11
.v;QFbI1 .v;eQ aJIaTa y JIa3e j e.v;aH y
.v;pyl'l1, jep npl1 eJiaCTl1'flIoj .v;e-
npece HacTaje Ta.v;a
seJIHKQ a6aFbe aJiaTa yCJIe.v; TQra
1II'P() ce BQljl1lJe npHTI1CKl1BaQa
,",pece nOMepajy y Q.v;HQCy Ha CTO.
,Ua 611 ce K!OHTPQVfI1CaJIa .v;ecpQP-
nOCTQje Ha HeKl1:M npeca-
Ma Al1jaTpaMl1 KPy'I1QCTl1 npece
148). OBaj .v;HjarpaM .v;aje se-
JIH'il1Hy npece 3a
CSaKQ onTepel\.elbe. Hanp. 3a .v;aTM
cJlyqaj je HopMaVfHa pa.v;Ha Cl1J1a
40 TQHa, KQ}Qj Q.v;rosapa .v;ecpQP-
Mal.\l-tja Q.v; 0,4 mm = yTaQ Qil<
1\ = 3,5'. 3a pa.v;Qse npQcel.\alba
onpyro" 11J111 113SJla'Qelba, r.v;e aJlaTl1 Ta'lHQ
YJla3e jeAaH y .v;pyrl1, He cMe y
QBQM c.rryQajy .v;a ce paAI1 ca sefiHM QI1'I'epel\.elbeM npece o.v; 40 T()Ha,
nQlIITQ 6M Ta.v;a HaCTaJlQ jaKQ a6aFbe aJiaTa. 3a ,!(pyre pa.v;QBe, r.v;e
137
nOCTojl1 Bel\11 3a30p 113Me!)y aJlaTa, ce nOBehal-be onTepehe-
tba 3a 25
%

KpYTOCT npece ce Y 3HaTHoj MepJ1 nOBehaTI! ,!IO,ll'aB3H>eM /'13-
BecRI1X eJleMeHaTa, TaKO .!Ia TeJlO npece "'!HI-! 3aTBOpeHI1 OKB>!p. AYTo-
MaTcKa npeca 3a npocel.\atbe npeMa CJI. 149 YKpyheHa j e Ha Taj Ra'lJffi,
UlTO je fJl8Ba npece nOBe-
3aRa ca IIOCTOJbeM
by 3aBpTtbeBa b KOj", npo-
JJa3e Kp03 l.\eBI1 a npl1-
TI1CHYTe ca npeAH3nOHOM.
3aBpTaH. C cnaj a 06a CTY-
6a nonpe'Ufo. .
IIpece KOA KOj>IX ce
norOH ,lI'>!peKTHO npeHOCJoI
Ha exCl.\eHTapCKO BpaT>IJlO
(Kao 'Hanp. npece npeMa
CJl. 135, 143 11 144), jecy
6p30)OOAHe npece, 3a pa-
3.1rJofKY OA cIIOPOXOAHI1X,
KOA ce npeHoc Bp-
I.l.1J1 npeKo HeKOJlJoliw 3yn-
qaIDIK8. CJl. 150 npl1Ka-
3yj e ca ripeA1he 11 3aAtbe
CTpaHe jeAHY Te)KY eKC-
l.\eHTapCKy npecy ca >IH-
AJoIpeKTHHM rrpeHocoM. Ha
OEOj rrpecl1 je npI1Metbe- .
Ra CPPl1.K:QJoIOHa cnojH11l.\a
(Ha CJlHl.\H 06eJle)KeHa ca
1), Koja 0611'U10 HaJla3'"
npl1]\1eHY ><lOA Te)KJolX npe-
ca. Y nOCJleAtbe BpeMe ce
cppl1Kl.\1'lOHe cnoj HHl.\e 3a-
Mefby jy CPPJolKI.\HOHl1M
cnoj Hl1l{aMa ca J1aMeJ1aMa,
Koje y Kpal\eM BpeMeHY
Bpwe cnajaIbe OA 06!1-
'ffiI<X CPPI1K.l.\JolOH11X cnoj -
HHl.\a. Kao KOqHJ1I.\a je
y nOTpe6JbeHa KO'lHl1l.\a ca
qeJIlof'lHOM TpaKOM (Ha

0.2 77
0.1 :7"
o
10
20
5Q t
e.i1. 148. - ,/:{J.1jarpaM KpYTOCT,,( npece
CJlHl.\'" 06eJle>KeHa ca 2). 149 - YKpyhe",e aYTOMaTCKe npece 3a
EKCl.\eHTapCKe npece npocella",e
ce liajqewhe ynorpe6Jba-
Bajy 3a npocel.\al-be 11 3a 113BJlaqea,e. 3a caB"'jal-be, 3aT"'M YTJoIcKlffiatbe
I1TA. He 6", Tpe6aJlo y noTpe6"'T>I OBe npece, nOWTO ce KOA OBI1X paAtb'"
npl1TJ1CaK ca XO,ll,OM CTaJTHO nOBel'iaaa
J
Te 6 11 MoraD HacraTH JIOM aKO 611
npeca 6"'Jla nOAeweHa 3a Bellli XOA Hero WTO je norpe6ali. KOA npoce-
l.\8fba HeMa Te onaCHOCTI1, nOWTO nOCJle 3aBpweHor npocel.\atba HaCTaje
paCTepehel-be npece 6ea 063Hpa Ha AaJbJol XOA npI1T"'CKl1Baqa.
KO.l!e'ltaCTe npece npOCTO' oejcTsa. Kao norOHCKJ1 MexaIDl3aM OB"'X
KpHBajH11X npeca cny)K'" npoCT>I MexaHI13aM Kp"'Baje 11 TO Y B"'AY KOJleHa
138
(CJI. 151 a). KOA BeJIl1K>!X rrpeca ca illMpOKMM aJlaTI-fMa M3BeAeHO je KOJle-
HaCTO BpaTMJlO ca IIBa KOJIeHa (CJI. 151 b).
KOJleHaCTe rrpece HaJIa3e npHMeHy OHAa, KaAa eKCl.\eHTapCKe rrpece
360r CBor MaJlOT xCAa He MOry Aa ce y noTpe6e. ITOlllTO KOJleHaCTe npece
MMajy BeJIMKM )cOA rrpMTMCKMBa'fa, TO cy OHe HapO'fMTO norOAHe 3a paAoBe
ca aJlaTI1Ma BeJIMKe BMCI1He. Am1 M 3a 1fl1CKe aJlaTe OBe cy npece BpJl"O
noroAHe, nOlllTO A03BOJbaBajy A06py BMAJbl1BOCT npM paAY Kao M He-
CMeTaH AOBOA M OABOA MaTepMjaJla.
en. 150. - EKcQeHTapcKa npeca "We ingart en" - MaKCI1MaJJHa CI1JJa 175 TOHa, se-
m1""wn-la CTOJIa 850 X 800, XO)l npHTl1CKHS31.Ja 10-70 mm. 6poj xOAoBa y MJilHYTJ1 35,
norOHCK3 CHara 10 k. s. cn. JIeBD - 113rneA ca npe,D;tbe, en. AeCHO - ca 3aAI>e CTpaHe.
eJl. 152 npillia3yje jeAHY Befiy KOJleHacTY rrpecy ca jeAHMM KOJle-
HOM M ABa cry6a. OBa npeca, Koja CJIY)J{11 3a TelllKe paAoae npOcel.\alba,
rrp06Mjafba M M3BJI"a'feFba 6e3 AP)Ka'fa .IDIMa, MO)J{e ce y noTpe6MTl1 M 3a
M3BJla'l elbe ca AP)J{a'feM, nOlllTO I,am OAroBapajyfiM ypeljaj 3a AP)J{a-
l-be JI],[Ma.
H a CJl. 153 npl1Ka3aHa je Ba3AYlllHa ypel)aja' 3a AP-
)Kal-be JIJoIMa a 3a rrpecy rrpJolKa3aHY Ha rrpeTxoAHoj C.IDfI.\J'I. Jib Ko.mpecopa
AOJIa3M ca6MjeHM Ba3J\Yx y pe3epBoap 1 OAalwe OAJIa3M y y peljaj 3a AP-
}Kal-be mIMa 2. OBaj ypel)aj je CMelllTeH McnOA CTOJla npece M BelillM
AeJlOM YJl a3I'1 y YAy6JbeJ-be nO,!la. TIoj eJ\l1HOCTI-1 OBor ypel)aja BMAe ce Ha
CJI . 154. Kp03 lies 1, Imja je Be3aHa 3a pp3epBoap (n03. 1 Ha CJl. 153),
YJI a3M Ba3AYX MCToBpeMeHo y eopthy A0I-bV KOMOpy l.\Mm lHAPa 2, rAe
AejCTByje l1C1'OBpeMeHo Ha KJlMnOBe 3 M 4. OBM K.II11ll0BM Be3aHM cy 3a
3aj eAHl1'lKY KJf.l1nHY nOJl y ry 5 Ha 'fMjeM ce rOpl-beM nJlo'!a 6.
,UaJbe AejcTBo Ha AP)J{a'f MCTOBeTHO je MJIM CJlM'IHO xao ROA ype-
I)aja Ha CJI. 146. OBaKBa KOHC1'PYKl\l1ja ca ABa KJITffia y nOTpe6JbaBa ce
OHAa, aKO cy A11'1eJ-13Hje CTOJl a ' npece MaJle Aa 6H ce Morao CMeCTMTM jeAaH
139
BeftM KJmn. Y cJlY"'ajy rrOTpe6e MOry ce M BMilie 011 i\IIa KJIlfila cnojMTM
jei\HOM KJIJrnHOM nOJlyroM. KOMope L(MIDIHllpa 2 y CTaJIHoj f:y Be3H ca
Ba3,!{yllIIDlM pe3epBoapoM KaO cnoj eIDI CYi\'OBM; rrpH M3BJla'lelbY MaTepM-
jaJla ca6Mjaj y - ITOTHCKY,jy KJlMrrOBM 3 M 4 Ba3,IJ;yX y pe3epBoap, IIOK ce
npH nOSpaTHOM xOIlY orreT Bpahaj y y nO'leTHM nOJloJKaj (Kao Ha CJI. 154).
IIpeMa TOMe TeOpHClGI HeMa rrOTp0I:illbe ca6Mj eHor Ba3,1l,yxa, j ep ce Ba3i\YX
He HcnylllTa. Jewnro Tpe6a HallOKHailMTM ry6MTKe KP03 3anTMBa'le M
cnoj eBe.
IIolllTO j e npMTMcaK Ba311yxa y pe3epBoap y KOHCTaHTaH (y OBOM
c.ny'laj y HajB=e 10 kg/cm"), a YKYnHa 3anpeM11Ha KOMopa L(MJlMHllpa
M pe3epBoapa ce npM PaAY MaJlO
Melba, TO j e CMJla Ha Il,"pJKaqy
JlKMa npM6J1MJKHO KOHCTaHTHa.
K OHcTaHTHa CMJla IIPJKa'la JJlofMa
3a CBe Bpel\fe 1of3BJla'leTha 06e36e-
Ijyje Malbe Hanpe38}be JlMMa,
0i\HOCHO nOBehafbe JJ,y6MHe M3-
BJla'lefba npM j ei\Hoj OnepalJ,MjM
b)
Cn. 151. - lileMa KoneH3Cnl'X npeca -
a) ca je.n;HwM. b) ca ABa KOnel;[3
en. 152. - KoneHaCT3 npeca ,.Raskin." -
Jl,laKCJ<IMaJIH3 CI<IJIa 185 TOHa, XO.ll 300 mm,
BeJIWU1Ha CTona rrpece 1000 X 1000 rom,
6poj xO,l{oaa y MI1HYTM 20, norOHCKa Cf Iara
27 k. s.
3a 5 JJ,O 15% Y nopeljefbY ca IIPJKa'll1Ma <mja je cvlJla npOMeHJbJ1Ba, Kao
Hanp. KOJJ, Il,"pJKa'la IDma ca onpyrOM. HeKe KOHCTpYKLJ, Mje y peljaja 3a iIll-
}l{a>be JlMMa M3BeJJ,eHe cy Ha Taj Ha'lMH, liTO cy KJJMnOBM HenOM11'lHO Be-
3aRYI 3a CTO npece, IIOK je lJ,MJll1Hllap rrOKpeTaH; OBaKBe KOHCTpyKLJ,J1je ce
HajBMllle np>Ol1efbyjy KOII eKCLJ,eHTapCK= npeca.
3a HeKe paJJ,OBe M3BJla'lefba, KOJJ, KOjl1X ce p;y6MHe J13BJla'lefba 3a
nojeJJ,11He CTYnTheBe BPJJO HerrpaBMJlHO Mefbajy, nOTpe6HO je paJJ,M CMa-
., .,.. - 'D rr .. ,
Al r.\L-:
011.,. AI " AL
V'\.. Ibelba Harrpe3alba Jl I>IMa CMalbJITJ1 Apma'l a JlI>IMa 3a BpeMe 11 3BJla-
'1elba. OBO ce nOCTl>l me ypeljaja ca npOTHBrrpHTl1CKOM Ha Taj
Ha'lJ1H, IllTO ce KOA vpeliaj a (Harrp. npeMa CJl. 154) nOCJle
1>13BeCROr xOAa nyuJTa ca611 j eIDI Ba3AYx 11 Ha r opFbY cTjJaHY j eAHor KJI I1n a ,
TaKO Aa ce C11J1a cMalbyj e. TI o 3aBDw eHO', x op;y, oHaj KJI"m KOjl-l HeM a
npOTI1Brrpl-lTl1CKa, nOTl-l cKyj e oneT ca6lt j eHJ1 Ba3AYX, KOj l>l ce HaJla3W Ha
roplboj K.mma, HaTpar Y pe3epBoap. TI O'leTaK nYWTali>a npOTWB-
npWTI1CKa perYJlWll Je BeHTI1J1 Be3aH 3a Kpl1BajHI1 MeXaHI13aM
rrpece.
t
1
2
CJI. 153. - MHcTaJlaQJ<j a Ba3I1Y-
WHor ypelj aja 3a AP:matbe JIl'IMa
CJI . 154. - l..\J<JJj'Hllap ca KO-
MopaMa ypeljaja 3a IIpmal-be JJ>l1>i a
KOA illWPOK11X npeca 3a 113BJl a'lelbe BeliHX AeJlOBa OA Jl WMa, Kao
AeJlOBa Kapocep11ja 3a YTOM061>1J1e 1>IJl11 paMOBa 3a MOTopHe TO'IXOBe, Harrp.
npeca rrpeMa CJI. 155, ynoTpe6JbaBa ce Belil1 6poj ca Ay nJl11M
KOMopaMa Kao Ha CJI . 154, nopei)aHI>IX j eA<l'H nopeA Apy rora. Ha Taj Ha'UIH
ce CI>IJla APma'-la m1Ma, Koja je AOCTa BeJl11Ka, paBHOMepHJ1je pacnopel)y je
no paAHoM rrpeAMeTy. CJI . 156 npl>lKa3y je TPW napaJleJiHa 1,
Koja cy Be3a'Ha 3ajeAH11'1KOM [JJlO'lOM 2. .
PaAHw npl>ITl1CaK Ba3p;yxa KOA OBWX y pel)aja 3a Apmalbe Jl I>I Ma Kpe-
he ce i>l3Mel)y 6 1>1 12 kg/cm' .
KaAa ce 1>13BJla'leibe BP= y ABe Y3aCTonRe onepal.\11je a npl>I je,!lHOM
XOP;Y npI>ITI>ICK11Ba 'fa, ynoTpe6JbaBa ce Ba3AYWIDI ypel)aj 3a Ap}!{ali>e
JlI>IMa ABOCTPYKor AejcTBa. Ha CJl. 157 rrpKKa3aH je ypel)aj KOjW CJI)'}!{w
3a a 3aTI1M 3a i>l3BJla'lelbe y ABe onepau;11je W TO CBe TIPW
j eAHoM XOAY rrpece. Ha CTOJIy rrpece HaJla31>1 ce TeJlO 1 aJiaTa Ha KOMe je
npcTeH 2 3a Y Cpe,!lffieM ,!IeJlY HaJla31>1 ce aJiaT 3a 1>13BJlR'-Ielhe
- W3BJlaKa'-l 3, OKO Kora ce RaJIa3e ,!IBa npCTeHa - AP}!{a'-la JII>IMa 5 K 6.
TIpJ1 CWJIacKY ropli>er aJIaTa 4 BPWJ1 ce npBo oKpyrJIe TIJIoqe
Jl I1"Ma, npw '1eMY aJIaT 4 YJIa311" y npcTeH 2 (BWAI>I 11 CJI . 158 a). TIP11 TOMe
npCTeH 5 CJI Y}!{J1 'Kao AP}!{a'l Jl11Ma, AOK rrpcTeH 6, KOjl1 ce ca,!la He Kpehe,
3&je,!lHO ca ,!IeJlOM 3 'fKH>I aJIaT 3a W3BJ!a'-leli>e - 113BJIaKa'l. TIpwTwcaK Ha
;.- - " f

..(.Z--C

A.,
A-z. A-z..
At / z;r
- -

eJl. 155. - KOJletlaCT3 npeca ca ABa KOJleHa 11 1.I eTHp"I cTy6a "Weingarte-n" - MaK-
C11J.13J1H3 CHJl a 500 TONa, MaKCHi\'I 3 JIHtlf XOA 600 mm BeJlWHIf.Ha CTOJI3 1200 X2100 mm,
6poj XOAOB3 y i\1MH)'TH 12, norOHCK 3 CHara OKO 35 k. s.
eJi. 156. - Ypeljaj 33 Apmalhe JIHM3 ca TpJoJ n apaneJIHa
142
,lIp>Ka'l JTKMa 5 rrpeHocl1 ce IIpeKo CIIOjK11 7 Ha IIJlO'lY 8, a ca OBe Ha KJU1Il
9 Ha KOjl1 ,lIejcTByje ca611jeHl1 Ba3.l\YX 113 pe3epBoapa ypeljaja. IlJIo'la 8
IIpM TOMe CJl060,llHO K.IDl3M ,lIy:>K KJlMIIHe rroJIYre 10. O,ll 'I'peHYl'Ka Ka,l\a j e
Jl11M IIOTrryHO MrnyH110 rrpBy rnyIIJbMH}' aJlaTa 4 - npBa oIIepawrja M3-
en. 157. - Ba3AywHl< ypeljaj 3a AP>Kalbe nl< .. a ABOCTpYKor AejcTBa
BJla'lel-ba (Bl1,l\M M CJl. 158 b), Tj. Ka,lla je Jl11M IIOTIIyHO M3BY'le;r .H3 ,lIP-
>Ka'fa Jl11Ma 5, Hacrafie IIpl1 ,lIaJbeM XO,l\Y HaHJOKe aJlaTa 4 M3BJla'lel-be ca
M3BJlaKa'feM 3, rrpM 'leMY ca,lla rrpCTeH 6, KOjM 6MBa rrp11TI1CH}'T HaHJ1:>Ke,
KMa CPYHKl.{11jy ,lIp>Ka'la JlllMa. UpMTMcaK ca rrpcTeHa 6 rrpeHOC11 ce rrpexo
cnojK11 11 M IIJlO'le 12 Ha KJll1IIHY IIOJlYry 10 a ca OBe Ha JOrI1l1 13 Ha KOjl1
,lIejcTByje IIpM'rMCaK Ba3,l\yxa 113 pe3epBoapa. Kpajl-bl1, HajHM:>Kl1 IIOJI'O-
143
JKaj aJIaTa ce Ha CJI. 158 c. Kmm 14 y aJIaTy 4 cJIYJKl1 3a l136atlH-
Balf>e I'OTOBOT "eJIa.
KOJIeHaCTa npeca rrpeMa CJI. 152 cHa6;l1eBeHa je CPPKKI\KOHOM cnoj-
ID1l\OM ca JIaMeJIaMa. QBaj Tl1II cnojHl1l(e HaJIa311 BeJIl1KY IIpl1MeHy 300r
CBor 6p30r 11 6JIaror ,lIejCTBa. Ha CJI. 159 rrpl1Ka3aHa je O'Ba Py_
1, KOjl1 ,,06l1Ba nOKpeT ca PY'Il1l(e 3a yrrpaBJbaFhe, cnaja l1JII1 rrpeKo
cnojID1l\e 2 Karo1IlUIK 4 11 5 ca BpaTl1JIOM (JIeBK IIOJIoJKaj pyKaB-
1) l1.ID! paCTaBJba fbl1XOBY Be3Y a cnaj a KO'flill1.\Y 3 ca BpaTl1J10M 6
(,lIeCIDi nOJIo)Kaj 1). Ha Taj
Ha'll1H ce IIOCTKJKe 6p30 KO'IeIf>e 11
TO Y CBaKOM nOJIOJKajy npl1TMCKK-
Ba'Ia npece.
3a CIIOpOXO,ll;He 'Ma1llWHe ca Ma- .
JlKM CTOJIOM ynOTpe6JbaBajy ce YMe-
CTO Ba3.ztyLUHor Xl1.l\PaYJrl1'IHJ4 ype-
l}ajl1 3a "pJKalf>e Ji'!'1Ma. J e"aH TaKaB
ypeljaj rrpKKa3aH je Ha CJI. 160. ,ll;p- Z
JKa'I JII1Ma 1, Ha KlOMe JleJKl1 MaTe-
pl1jaJl, HaCJrafba ce npeKO cnojKK 2
Ha nJro'IY 3, Koja je y Be311 ca KJlK-
nOM 4. QBaj KJil1n HaJla311 ce y
JIl1H.l\Py 5 HanyfbeHoM Te'IHOLUhy.
CaM 5 Be3aH je 3a CTO
npece. CJI. 160 a npKKa3yje nOJlo-
JKaj KJlKITa rrpe nO'IeTKa W3BJla'Ie-
Fha. IIpl1 CKJla<::KY rrp='CKKBa'Ia ca
rOpFhl11l1 aJiaTOM 3a K3BJla'Ielf>e 6
HaHK>Ke, Hal1J1a3lf lfC"Illf Ha "pJKa'I
JlKMa 1 npl1TI1CKyjyhlf ra HaRIDKe
rrpl1 'IeMY HacTaje 113BJla'Ielf>e JTl11I1a,
O"HOCHO fberOBO 06aBl1j afbe OKO ,,0-
If>er aJiaTa 3a 113BJla'IelDe - K3BJla-
Ka'Ia 7. IIplf KpeTafbY "pJKa'Ia JTl11I1a
1 HaHl1JKe, nOTl1cKyje KJIKn 4 Te'I-
HOCT K3 5 Kp03 BeHTI1J1 8
(Ha je HarrpTaH caMO je,llaH
nOTI1CHl1 BeHTJ1J1, "OK ce KOHCTPYK-
TMBHO 06M'IH0 nOCTaBJbajy 'IeTl1pM).
a)
b)
'11 9 y "OFblf 10. CI1J1a
nOTpe6Ha 3a CaBJlaljlfBafbe O'I'nopa
rrpM rrpoJla3y Te'IHOCTl1 Kp03 BeH'I'MJI,
M 3a oTBapa'fbe BeHTl1J1a cpa3-
MepHa j e CKJIM ,lIPJKa'Ia JIKMa. CaM
rrpeceK BeHTMJla 3a np0Jra3 Te'IHO-
CTI1 MOJKe "a ce pery=e, Te ce
Bem1'IMHa CI1JIe ,lIPJKa'Ia JTl11I1a MOJKe
rrpl1J1arO.ztlfTK ,lIy6= 113BJla'IeFha,
Ae6Jbl1Hl1 m1Ma Kao 11 BpCTI1 MaTe-
en. 158. - TIoJIo>KajJ1 aJIaTa npM J13BJIa-
'{elbY ea ypel)ajeM 3a IIP>Kalbe mrua
npeMa eJ\. 157 - a) b) KPaj
npae onepar,t'wje H3BJIa'-leFba, c) KPaj
APyre onepaqHje J13BJIaqetba
pl1jaJIa. IIpM npeJla<::KY Te'IHOCTM 113 roplf>er 5 y "OIf>I1 10,
6KBa "Ofbl1 Kmm 11 ITOTI1CHYT HaHl1JKe, npM 'IeMY lfCTI1 ca6l1J a orrpyry
12. IIoJroJKaj IIplfTKClrnBa'Ia Ha Kpajy xo"a HaHl1JKe npKKa3aH Je Ha eJr.
llUl b. IIpM BpahafbY np=cKl1Ba'Ia HaBMWe, nOBJra'IK I1CTI1 npeKO cnOJKI1
144
13 M npe'lare 14 KJIMITHY 1l0JIyry 15 HallMllIe. YCJIe" Tora KJIJ1l1 4 llpM CSOM
XOAY HaSMllIe YCHcasa M3 "ol-ber 10 Te'fHOCT Y ropl-bl1
,!lap 5 M TO npeKo l.\eSH 16 M YCMCHOf seHTMJra 17 (Ha CJIl1I\1'I j e Hal.\pTaH.
CaMO j e,!laH SeHTMJI, ,!10K ce KOHCTPYKTIlBHO 06H'Uio ll'OCTaSJbajy ,!Isa) . IIpe-
JIa3 Te'fHOCTIf W3 ,!IOlber Y rOpl-bM 1l0TITOMa}!{e M KJJJITI 11, y:J-
I
I;)
I

If
tZ)
C;
en. 160. - XJlJ,ApaYJl l1I.fHJ1 ypebaj 3a ,u.p:mafbe JU1Ma - (1.) n0J10JKa j npe nOl.ICTKa pa,u.a,
b) K-pajl'bl1, ,l{Ol-bM nono)l{aj npece, c) Kpaj nOBpaTHor XO,u.3
145
,tty}l{HO IWMI1'1aH no KJlI1.ITHOj nOJlY311 15, KOjl1 no,ll ,IIejCTBoM onpyre 12
nOTl1cKy]e Te'lHOCT y rOpH>1< l.\I1Jl11 H,IIap. KpajH.l1, rOpfbl1 nOJlo}l{aj npwrl1-
clUIBa'la np11Ka3yje CJl. 160 c.
Pa,llHI1 npl1TI1CaK Te'IHOCTl< KO,ll xl1,ttpayJlI1'lHl<X ypeljaja 3a ,IIp:m:a-
fbe Jll1Ma l<3HOCl< ,110 40 k g/cm", Te ce CTOra OBaKBl< y peljajl1 ynoTpe6JbB-
Ba]y OH,IIa, Ka,lla ce a60r MaJlJ1X ):tI1MeH3l1ja CTOJla He Mory yrpa,ttHTl1 BB-
3,!(yIllHl1 ypeljaJI1 KOJI1 pa,lle ca MRoro MafbHM npI1T11CKOM Ba3,11yxa.
Cn. 161. - Ba3AywHo- XH,ll;paYJIH'iH}/t ypet}aj l"3a AP>Kafbe JIJ1Ma
Ba3,11YllIHO-XJ1,11paYJlJ1'1H1< y peljajl1 ' 3a Ap>Kafbe JlJ1Ma YilOTpe6JbaBa-
j y ce TaKolje oHJla Ka,!la ,ttl1MeR3l1je CTOJla npece He ,!I03BOJbaBajy yrpM-
fby Ba3,ttyllIHor ypeljaja. QBaj ypeljaj ce caCTojl1 1<3 KJlJ1IIa 1 161), '3a
KOj1< je 13e3a'H ,ttp}l{a'l JT1<Ma fHa CJI1<l.\1< ce He B1<.ttH) 11 TO Ha HaIDlH 'CJJH'CaH
paHJ1je np1<Ka3aHI1M ypeljaj1<Ma. KJlJ1n 1 Kpelle ce Y l.\1<JI1<H,I\PY 2 Y KOMe
ce HaJIa31< yJbe. Ca ,!IeCHe cTpaHe HaJIaae ce ,ttBa KJl1<IIa 3 "1< 4', Kojl1 ce
Kpelly Y l.\1<JT1<H,!Ip1<Ma 5 1< 6 a Be3aHI1 cY 3aje,llHW{Ko.M 'KJIHIIHOM nOJIyroM
7. JIeBI1 K"paj OBe KJlJ1IIHe nOJlyre Be3aH je 3a ,ttBOCTPYJOl BeHTI1J] 8. Ca-
CTaBH1< ,IIeo OBor ypeljaja '1"I1HJ1 pe3epBoap, KOjl1 je ,!IeJlJ1MJ1'1HO HanYfbeH
YJbeM, ,!10K ce y OCTaJIOM ,!IeJIY HaJIa31< Ba3,!1YX no,!l npI1T11CKOM. Aeo
OBor pe3epBoapa (BI1,ttH 11 CJI. 162) Tj. ,!leo HarrYfbeH YJbeM Be(3aH je '3a
l.\eB 10, ,!10K je rOptbl1 ,!leo pe3epBoapa Y KOMe je ca611jeHI1 Ba3,!1Yx, Be3aR
npeKo lIeBI1 9 3a l.\1<JII1H,!Iap 5. ITP11 113BJIa'lefbY MaTepl1jaJIa, Ka,tta je ,ttp-
>Ka'l Jl1<Ma np1<Tl1cHYT HaHInKe, CI1JIa311 Ha!HH}!{e 11 KJTJ1n 1 IIOTl<CKyjyliM
YJbe 113 l.\11JI>IH,ttpa 2 Kp03 BeHTJ1JI 8 KOjl1 ce Ta,!la O'!'Bapa (B11,ttH ,!I0H.11,
JleBI1 ,!leo CJI. 161) . ITPl1 oTBapafbY BeHTI1Jla 8 Tpe6a np11TI1Cax YJba Ha
'1eOHY nOBpllI11.Hy BeHTI1JIa ,!Ia CaBJIaAa AejcTBo KJIHnOBa 3 11 4 KOj1< cY
npeKo lIeBI1 9 rro,!l np11T11cKoM Ba3Ayxa 113 pe3epBoapa. (Ca6I1jeHl< Ba-
3,!1yx YJIa311 y l.\1<JII1H,!Iap 6 Kp03 llIynJby KJI=HY no;ryry 7). ITOIllTO je
nOBpllIl1Ha KJII1IlOBa 3 11 4 MHOro Bella O,!l '1eO'He nOBpllIJ1He BeHTI1JIa 8,
TO he ce npHTI1CaK YJba y l.\1<JlI1HAPY 2, KOjl1 j e 6110 je,!lHaK npl1T11CKy Ba-
10 MaWJ.1He aJl3TKe
146
3AYxa, y O.l\HOCY TWX nOSpllll1Ha, lllTO W oMoryll.asa CMafbefbe
KJlWna 1 y O.l\HOCY Ha 'I1' CTO sa3,!{yUJHH ypel)aj. YJbe 113 lIl1.ID!H-
.l\pa 2 npOJla3KIl.e Kp03 SeHTI1J1 8 0t npaBlIY CTpeJlKl.\a) O.l\Jla311 Kp03 lies
10 y pe3epBoap. IIpl1 nOBpaTHoM XO.l\y npece, Ka.l\a HaCTaje pacTepell.efbe
,l{p>Ka'la JlylMa, natull.e 11 YJba y YCJle.l\ Tora he ce
no.l\ .l\ejCTBoM KJlKnOSa 3 K 4 3aTBopwTW BeHTJ1J1 8, .l\OK he ca.l\a K3 pe3ep-
Boapa Kp03 lies 10 CTpy jaTw YJbe no.l\ npl-lTIlCKOM (KOjW je je.l\HaK npw-
TIlcKY Ba3.l\y xa y l.\11J1I1H,!{PMll1a 5 6) W oTsopwhe YHYTpalllfbw, TafbKPa-
CTW BeHTWJI .l\eCHW .l\eo CJI. 161) KOjl1 ce HaJla311 y caMOM
BeHTI1JJY 8. YJbe npoJla3ehYl Kp03 oBaj yHyTpawfbl1 SeHTI1J1 YJla3whe y
l.\11J1J.lH.l\ap 2 H .l\Hh.H he KJlKn 1.
en. 162. - KoJtC!HaCT3 npeen .,Weingarten" en aa3;:tYWHo-xHApayn1PuUlM ypebajeM
3 3 Apm3J.LC JJ111.IO - MaKCIiMaJIl:1a cuna 400 TOB8, MaKCHManHJI XOA 600 mm, aeJUI-
1:U1H3 CTona 1000 1300 mm, 6poj XOAoa3 y Ml1HYTJ.I 12, nOrOI-lCK8 CHara OKO 30 k. s.
AKO je CJ1J1a ,l{p>Ka'la JIaMa
fC D"
Fl' a nOBpllll1Ha 1 A,= -- , Ta.l\a je
4
cneql1cjJJ1'fHH npHTHcaK YJba Y l.\J1J1l'lH.l\PY 2 P = FI . CHJla FI o.l\pel)yje ce
A,
Ha Ha'llm nOKa3aH Y nOrJlaBJbY "TeOpltja o6pa.l\e 6e3 pe3alba" O.l\eJbaK
"CI1J18 113SJla'letba" . IIne'lHJIK KJIlma 1 na TOMe H A I o.l\pel)yje ce
C 063wpoM Ha Mory liIlocTI1 cMelliTaja y CTO opece.
Ha Jleay '1eOH), nospnnmy aeHT>!Jla 8 AejcTsyje cl<Jla
7[ d" d"
F, = - 4- . P = D" . F, .
Ca AeCHe CTpaRe AejCTByje Ha SeRTI<JI 8 cJ<Jla
F, = A2 . Po
rAe je A" AecHa '1eOHa nospUIJ<Ha aeRT>lJla 8 YMalbeRa 3a nosplIDlRy npe-
ceKa KmmHe nOJlyre 7, AOK je po npl<TI<CaK YJha y pe3epaoapy.
OA KJD1TlOSa 3 J< 4 AejcTsyje c>!Jla npeKo nOJlyre 7 Ra AecRY
crpaay SeRTI<Jla 8
Fa = A, . Po,
rAe je Aa yKynHa TToBpW:I<Ha KJD1nOSa 3 I< 4, a po npl<TJ<caK Ba3Ayxa y pe-
3epsoapy KOj>! j e jeARaK npl<TI1CKY YJha y TOM pe3epBoapy .
.l(a ce Re 61< npeKOpa'fI<Jla c>!Jla AP>Kaqa JlI<Ma F
"
Tj . Aa ce He 61<
npeKOpa'fl<O cneI:\1<cj:lI<"IHI1 np"TI<CaK p, Mopa 61<TI< \
F
J
=J-
2
+J- ,
HJIJ<
d' _
. F,=Po(A.+A
a
)
D" -
113 ose jeAHa'[l<He MO>Ke Aa ce Ha!)e npe'fHJ<K BeHTI<Jla d aKO ce YCBOj>!
npeqHl<K I< 6poj KJll<rrOSa 3, 4 I<JIJ< ce TTP!< ycsojeaoM d aeR-
TI<Jla MU>Ke aattl1: nospJJ.I>l.Ra A, KJIJ<nOBa.
CJI. 162 npJ<Ka3y j e KOJleHacTY npecy ca ABa KOJleaa I< qeTJ1P>l 'cTy6a,
ca sa3J\YlUHo- xI<ApayJlI<'fRI1M ype!)ajeM 3a AP>Kalbe JI.>fMa. Ha cmuil< ce
ca Jlese cTPaHe BJoJAl< pe3epsoap 3a YJhe J< sa3J\Yx nOA npJ<TI<CKoM. Ha
npecl< j e MOHTI<PaR KOM6J<HosaH>! aJiaT 3a npOCenalbe I< I13SJlaqelbe Ao-
60wa 3a KO'ffi>!l.\e OA qeJlJ<qHor JTw..1a 4 nun Ae6Jh.J<He.
Ko.n.euacre npece iJejcTBa. IIpece P;BOcTpYKor AejCTBa
cy CTTeLvrjaJlHe npece 3a 1<3BJIaqelbe mIMosa. ,uBOCTPYKO AejCTBo cacroj>!
ce y TOMe, WTO TTOroHCKI< MeXaHl<3aM npece sprrrn I1CTOBpeMeao nOKpe-
Talbe aJiaTa 3a 1<3BJlaqelbe->13BJlaKaqa Kao H p;p>Ka"!a JTI1Ma.
IIpe1\1a Ra'fJ<HY nOKpeTalba AP>Ka'fa JTJ<Ma pa3JT>n<yjy ce npece KOA
KOjJ<X ce nOKpeTalbe AP>Ka'la JlJ<Ma spurn nOMofiy 6peraCTHX nJlO'fa HJIJ<
nOMOfiy JlaKTaCTI<X nOJlyra HJTJ< je AP>Ka'l JlHMa HenOKpeTaH AOK ce np-
CTeH 3a J<3sJlaqelbe Kpell.e. .
IIpl<Hwm paAa npece C(! 6pezacTU,,\L 3a nOKpeTalbe AP>Kaqa
JlJ<Ma aHAI< ce 1<3 CJl. 163. 3yn'laHI<K 1, KOjH ce HaJla31< Ha SpaTI<JTY eJleK-
TPoMOTopa I<JTJ< Ha spaTI<JlY KaJ<lJlHHKa, nOKpefie BeJlJ<KJ< 3yn'laHI<K 2
KOj >! j e I1cTospeMeHo 3aMajan TTpece. 3YTT'laHHK 2 HaMeWTea j e Ha npe-
JiYcry KOJleHaCTor SpaTHJla. Ca KoJieHaCTor spaTI<Jla npeHOCI< ce Kpe-
Talbe Ra npI<THCKI1Ba'l npece 3 npeKo KJT>ITTFba'le 4 Koja aa CBOM AOlbeM.
AeJTY J<Ma JrOnTaCTH 3rJlaSaK. IIp>ITl<cKJ<Baq npece 3 KJI>l3H )' wynJhJ<HJ1
Ap>Ka'la JI>J1\1a 5. Osaj AP>Ka'l JlI<Ma A061<Ba nOKpeT OA OKBl<pa 6 (Asa
KOMaAa) 3a Koje je I< Be3aR. OKBI<PI< 6 (SHA]< 1< CJI. 164 H 165) A06>majy
nOKpeT OA 6peracTHx nJlo'la 7 (Ha ce SI<AH caMO j eAHa, AOK J<X
I""'a ABe). CsaKJ1 OKBI1p >lMa ca roplbe 1< AOlbe CTpaHe no j eAa'H TO'lKJ1h
10'
,148
B. Ta'KO ,n;a HCTI1 HaJIe1KY Ha rOpH>Y O,n;H'OCHO ,n;Ofuy rroBpwl1'Hy 6peraCTe
ITJIO'Ie. IIowTO je Mel)yc06Ho OTcTojaH>e TO'fKl1ha CTaJIHO, TO 6peraCTa
ITJIO'Ia MOpa ,n;a HMa TaKaB 06JI11K, ,n;a ,n;y1KI1He pa,n;l1jaJIHI1X npeCeKa Ma
6
en. 163. - IlieMa npece ca 6peraCT>fM
npl1 KOM rrOJI01Kajy nJIO'Ie Mopajy
611T11 'KOHCTaHTHe.
BperaCTe nJIO'le 7 HaJIa3e ce
Ha KOJIeHaCTOM BpaTI1JIY ca JIeBe
11 ,LIeCHe CTpaHe KOJIeHa. IIpH oKpe-
Tal-bY KOJIeHaCTOr BpaTl1JIa no-
KpeTahe ce rrpI1TI1CKI1Ba'I a KCTO
TaKO 11 ,LIp1Ka'I JIHMa rrocpe,n;CTBoM
6peraCTJ1X rrJIO'Ia 11 oKBl1pa. CBa-
KI1 O,LI oKBl1pa je ca ropFbe CTpaHe
rrpeKo illl1I1Ke Be3Mi 3a rrpl1T11-
CHyTy onpyry 9. OBe orrpyre, Koje
ce .n:OfuHM KpajeM HaCJIal-bajy Ha
HenOKpeTHY KOHCTpyKl.\l1jy npece,
cJIY1Ke 3a ypaBHOTe1KaBarbe Te1Kl1-
He nOKpeTHI1X ,LIeJIOBa ,LIp1Ka'la
JIl1Ma (,LIeJIOBH 5, 6, 8). IIowTo ce
CI1JIa ,LIp1Ka'la JII1Ma npeHOCI1 ca
KOJIeHaCTOr BpaTI1JIa Kao 11 CI1J1a
nOTpe6Ha 3a 113BJIa'IeH>e, TO je
KOJIeHaCTO BpaTI1JIO y 3HaTHoj
Mepl1 onTepefieHO. 360r TOTa ce,
a C 063KpOM Ha ,n;e<popMaI.\l1j e,
OBe npece rpa,LIe caMO 3a CHJIe ,LIO
60 TOHa. OHe ce CTora ynoTpe6Jba-
Baj y caMO 3a (me pa,LIOBe 113BJIa-
'lel-ba, KO.n: KOj'KX Kpajl-ba CI1J1a
113BJIa'lel-ba HI1je BeJIl1Ka; 3a 113-
BJIa'lel-be wyrrJbJ1X TeJIa ca rrpo-
<pI1JII1CaHI1M ,LIHOM, r,n;e je KpajH>a
CI1JIa BeJIHKa, He 611 ce OBe npece
CMeJIe ynoTPe6l1T11.
Ha CJI . 164 rrpl1Xa3aHa je
Mal-ba npeca OBaKBor THITa. Ha
rope B"I1,L1e ce 06e onpyre
3a ypaBHOTe1KaBalDe Te1KHHe ,LIp-
)Ka'la JTHMa. BI1CI1'HCKI1 rroJro1Ka1
,LIp1Ka'la JTKMa peryJI'KWe ce 3a-
Bp'I'fuHMa 11 HaBpTKaMa. Ca'Ma
rrpeca M01Ke ,LIa ce Harl1H>e rrpl1
'leMY Ta.n:a rOTOBI1 ,n;eJIOBM caMl1
I1cna.n:ajy HI13 CTO Ha,rHYTe npece.
CJlI1'IHa aJIl1 Belia npeca
rrpKKa3aHa je Ha CJI. 165. Ko,LI fue ID1cy yrpaljeHe oI1pyre 3a ypaBHOTe1Kefue.
Ha ce BH):\11 LUI1TIKa 1136al.\l-tBa'Ia Koja I1pOJIa311 Kp03 CTO rrpece.
Ha CJI. 166 I1pM'Ka3aH je A'I1jarpaM nyTa 113BJIaKa"la 11 ,LIp1Ka'la JIHMa
. KIlO 11 6p311!He 113BJIaKa'la. Jib ,LIHjarpaMa ce BI1,L1I1 ,LIa ce 3a npBI1X
90
0
06PTa Bpl.ID1 rrpM6JI'K)1{aBaH>e 11'3BJIaKa'Ia Kao 11 ,LIp)Ka'la JII1Ma
MaTepl1ja;ry KOjl1 JIe1K11 Ha \fpcTeHY 3a 113BJIa'Iefue. T a"lHO I1p11 rrOJIO-
v
. 1 C
- ___ '1V- "-
.
ca 6peraCTl1M nJl OyaMa "MunkteU" - MaK-
CJ1Mamta cuna OKO 16 TOHa, xoJt 90 mm, opoj XO,AOBa y Ml1HYTJ1 50, norOHCKa
V_ \.A..... "'_ l.Z. t J.. OKO 2 k.
OA Te TaYKe HaCTaje BpahaH>e I13BJlaKaYa, a 3aTI1M ce OTBapa Y d .
AP)Ka'l JlJ'fMa, KOjl1 j e 3a cao BpeMe J13BJla .... efba 6110 3aTBopeH, JlOK y .
e He JlOCTI1THe CBOj HajIDflJJI1 nOJlo)!{aj . 3a BpeMe OTBapaH>a ,IlP- .
>Kaya JrnJI'a HacTaje paJlHOr npe,llMeTa. M3,1lH3afue H3BJla-
Kaya Tpaj e JlOK Kpl1Baja He CTl1rHe y ropfuY MPTBY Ta'-fKY Tj . .110 Ta'Dre .
f Al1jarpaMa. 0.11 Ta'-iKe e AO f ,Ilp}!{aY JIHMa Ml1pyje y CBOM HajBl1llieM
nOJlO>Kaj y ; 3a OBO apeMe apwl1 ce )'1I, eTafbe HOBor MaTepHjaJla - JIHMa .
150
llieMa npeee ea Jta'lCTaeTU.M. nOJtYla.M.a 3a !10K'peTaIbe .rqJJKaqa J[KMa
,lJ;aTa je Ha CJI. 167. CJI. 167 a O,ltHOCI1 ce Ha 113W1l'HyT .rqJJKaq JII1Ma, ,l\OK
CJI. 167 b !1peTCTaBJba Kpajl-bl1 ,l\OFM!-3aTBOpeHI1 !1oJIoJKaj ,l\pJKaqa JII1Ma.
GBa rrpeca l1Ma ,l\Be Kpl1Baje: Kpl1Bajy A 3a rrOKpeTaIbe 113BJIaKaqa 11 KpI1-
\ HajJ B 3a rrOKPeTaIbe ,l\pJKaqa Jrn:lIfS. iloJIyrrpe'lHl1l.\l1 OBI1X Kpl1Baja cy
en. 165. - l1peca ,n;BOCTPYKor ,n;ejcTBa ca 6peraCTWM nnOqaMa "MunkteW' - MaK- \
CHMaJlHa CJ1na 32 TOH"e , xo.n; 200 mm, 6poj XO,lJ;OBa y MJ1HYTJ1 35 ~ 40, norOHCKa
CHar;:} 3 k. s.
pa3JIl1'flITl1. Rl O,l\I'OBapa !10JIY.llpe'lHI1KY Kpl1Baje 113BJIaKaqa, a R2 ,llpJKaqy
JII1Ma. "Yrao 113Meljy OBI1X KPI1Baja Mal-bl1 je 0,1\ 180". Ca KPl1Baje A rrpe-
HOCI1 ce rroKPer Ha 113BJIa'Kaq 2 !1peKO KJII1!1}baqe 1, Ha 'lI1jeM je ,l\O}beM
'Kpajy JIOrrTaeTl1 31'JI06. Ji13BJIaKaq ce, Kao KOA npeca ca 6peracTI1M nJIO-
~ a M a , KPeBe y lllyn.1h'11H11 APJKaqa JWMa. Ca KPI1Baje B ce KPeTaIbe He
npeHOCI1 ,I\I1PeKTHO Ha APJKaq JTI1Ma BeB I1HW1peKTHO rrpeKO CI1CTeMa
nOJIY1'a. K pl1Baj a B j e rrpeKO C!1ojKe 3 (Ha CJI . 167 je crrojKa 3 y BepTI1-
KaJrHOM nOJIOilKaj y) Be3aHa 3a KJII13aq 4, KOjl1 KJII1311 AYJK j e,1l;HOr OA cry-
.6oBa rrpece, 11 TO Y T a q ~ C. K.rrJ13aq 4, KOjl1 je y CBOM 1'Opl-beM AeJIY
npeKO !1oJIyra 5 Be3aH 3a !1oJIyre 6 !10MOBHI1X BpaTI1JIa D, rrpeHOCI1
151
lLJDaUli&av
en. 166. - ,lJ,Mja.rpaIIIIJ1 nyTa JOB.I"IaKa'lf3 K mwa 3a npecy JtBOCTPYKOr ..,;ejC'f'B3
ca 6peracTJOf: n.'O'laMa
oj
bJ
c..,. 167. - IDell3 paJ3 npece ca .'aKT3CTJUJ DO.iTYra.l.la 3a ;(p:iK3lbe .'llQl3 - a) .:lP-
]K3"1 .'JDla m;tnraYT, b) :IHlIa cnywTe.B
152
KpeTrube rrpeKO BpaTI1JIa D 11 nOJIyra 7, 8 Ha HOCa'l 9 ,Ap2Ka"'la JIl1Ma na
Ha caM ,Ap2Ka'l 10. Ha CJI. 167 a je KJlI13a't 4 y CBOM HajHIDKeM nOJlQ-
}Kajy a ,DJ)2Ka'l ID!M'a. 10 Y HajBl11lleM, AOK je Ha CJI. 167 b 06paTHo Tj.
,ApJKaq JII1Ma npl1Tl1cKyje JlI1M y3 npcTeH 3a 113BJla'teH>e .
.n;HjarpaJlrn XO,Aa 113BJlaKa'la 11 ,Ap2Ka'la Jll1Ma rrpl1Ka3aIDI cy Ha
CJI . 168. 3a rrpBI1X 90" KpJffiaje HaCTaje XO,A HaHl12Ke AP2Kaqa JlI1Ma Kao
11 J1:3BJIaKa'ta . .n;p2Kaq JII1Ma ce 3aTBapa y a Tj. rrpe Hero IllTO J1:3-
BJIaKa't AOAJ1:Pyje MaTepl1jaJI. O,A Ta'lKe b HacTaje J1:3BJla'te.H>e JIJ1:Ma J1:
TO ,AO Ta'IKe C, Ka,Aa J1:3BJlaKa'l ,AOCTJ1:2Ke CBOj HajH112K11 nOJI02Kaj. O,A Te
Ta't.Ke HaCTaje ;qJ1:3aH>e J1:3BJlaKa'la, ,AOK je ,Ap2Kaq JIJ1:Ma jOIll 3a'l1BOpeH
11 TO AO Ta'lKe d O,A Koje ce ,Ap2Ka'l Jll1Ma oTBapa ,AO Ta'lKe e.






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<:;
Cn. 168. - ,nJ1j aFpaMTIl nYTa Irf3Bn3Ka4a H AP)Ka"'la JIIIIMa 3a npecy ,ll.ej -
CTsa ca JI8KTaCTJ1M nOJlyraMa
JibrJIeA je,AHe Belie npece 3a 113BJla'leH>e ca JlaKTaCTI1M rrOJIyraMa
3a ,Ap2Kafbe Jl'J1:Ma rrpl1Ka3aH je Ha CJl. 169.
IIpeee .ca JlaKTaCTl1M rrOJlyraMa 3a ,Ap2Kafbe JIHMa yrroTpe6JbaBajy
ce 3a CBe' Belie pa,AOBe 113BJla'leH>a O,A MaTepl1jaJla ,AO 3 mm Ae6Jbl1'He.
MaH>e rrpece OBaKBor Tl1na (,AO 120 TOHa) rpa,Ae ce ca BI1CI1HCKJ1: no-
AelllJbJ1:B11M CTOJIOM.
npece 3a J1:3BJla'leH>e ca apJICa'4.eM JtU,Ma
caCTojl1 ce y TOMe, lIlTO je ,Ap2Ka'l JJJ1:Ma 1 (CJI. 170) 3a BpeMe paAa He-
noMWIaH, ,AOK ce npe pa,Aa M02Ke BJ1:CJ1:HCKJ1: nO,AelllaBaTJ1:. Jil3BJIaKa'l ce
3a BpeMe pa,Aa !Kpelie HaHJ1:>Ke aCTO HaBl1l1le. KOA OBe npece He nocTojl1
KOJIeHaCTO Bpan-IJIO. rJlaBHJ1: noroHCKJ1: MeXaHJ1:3aM caCTojl1 ce J1:3 ,ABa
rrapa 3YIT'iaHI1Ka, KOjl1 ce HaJIa3e Y ,AOH>eM ,AeJlY Mallll1He. Ha BpaTJ1:JlY
BeJIJ1:KJ1X a J1:CnOA CTOJIa nocraBJbeHe cy ABe BeJlJ1:Ke 6peraCTe
11JIO'le 2 Koje npeKo TO'lKJ1:lia ,A112Ky crryurrajy CTO npece. Ha
Taj Ha'il1H, YMecTO Aa ce ,ApJKa'l JII1Ma Kpefie HaHIDKe J1: rrpJ1:TJ1:cxyj e
JJJ1:M p . npcTeH 3a J1:3BJla'leH>e, CTO ca npcTeHoM 3a J1:3BJla"'lefbe J1: ca JIJ1:-
MOM Ha H>eMY xpelie ce HaBI1We 11 npWl'l1cKyje JI'I1M y3 lHerrOMl1'lHJ1: AP-
>Ka'l . Hoca"'l 113BJla'Ka'la 3 Kpehe Ce HaHl1>Ke J1: Ha'Bl1l1le noCpe,AC'l'BoM '
153
cnojK14 4, Koje se3yjy 60'IHe pYKaSL\e Hoca4a M3SJlaKa
C
Ia ca Te.nOM se-
3yn4aH14Ka . .IJ:0l-b14 Kpaj esl1 cnojKI'1 4 cy np14KJby-
'-!eHW 3a SeJlVl'Ke 3YlT'-!aHI>fKe, TaKO l1a 'UIHe MeXaH143aM Kp14saje.
eJl. 171 np14Ka3yj e A14jarpaMp. xOAa Yl 3SJlaK8 4a Kao W rrpcTeHa 3a
113SJJa'lel-be O,!IHOCHO CTOJla. 3a npsla 90" 06pTa 143SJlaKa'-! ce Kpel1e
HaHJOKe ,lI0K ce CTO Kpe!i.e HaS14We. Ta'-!Ho nOCJJe 90" CTO je np14T14cHyo
Jll>lM y3 ,rqJ>Kacl m1Ma (Ta'-!Ka a). HewTo KacH14je tv TacrL\W b) n0411l-be
W3SJJa'-!elbe Koje Tpaj e AO Ta4Ke c . .IJ:p>Kacl m,rMa je 3a TO speMe 3a1'SO-
peH a O'l'Bapa ce HeWTO W3a
Ta'lKe C (Ta'-!Ka d). OA Te
'ra'IKe OTsapa ce I1P>K8cr JT>I-
Ma l'j. CTO ca . lTpCTeHOM 3a
143SJJa'-! el-be Kpehe ce HaHM-
}f{e, ,D;OK ce J13BJIaKal.l Bpa-
ha Y CBOj ropl-bW nOJlo>Kaj.
IIpece ca HenOKpeT-
HJ1M .u,p>K8 y:eM .. ITI11\'18 30"BY ce
j Olll W rrpece 3a 143SJl a Clefbe
nocylja, nOWTO je TO 614Jla
l-bWXOEa npS06IITHa HaMeHa .
.IJ:aHac TaKol)e HaJJa3e Haj-
s14we npwMeHY 3a W3BJla'le-
l-be cYAosa W APYrJ4X ury-
n JbJ1x, lJ;l1.1Il1:HAPvP-I FlJ1X 'reJIa
SeJJ14Ke Ay6wHe.
KOA MeXaHI1'lKI1X AP-
)Ka'ia JJl>!Ma, Kao WTO cy
AP>Ka'!l1 m1Ma Ha lTpeCaMa
ASOC1'pYKor AejcTsa, HeM a
AOSOJbHO eJJaCTI>I'IHOCTJ.1 lTp14
TTpl1Te33l-by JIJ11\,Ia; jep;HOM.
perYJT>ICaH .zqJ>Kaq m1Ma He-
!i.e nOAj eAHaKo
cse lTpl1TIpeMJbeHe lTJJo'-!e
WCTe Ae6JbHHe 360r
HOSHor oTcTy nal-ba Ae6Jb14He
JT>IMa Ha pa3HMM MeCTJ.11Ifa
je,!IHe "aqJJe, Kao 11 Ha pa-
3}fJ.11l' Ta6JlawIa. OSO MMa 3a
en. 169. - npeca '33 J13BJIa'"l'el-be ca J13KTaCTltI M
3a JJ;pm8l-be JU1Ma "Kircheis" - MaK-
CI'I'MaJIHa CI1JJ8 160 TOHa, 6poj XOAOBa y :\II-IHYTH
8, norQHCKa CHars OKO 20 k. s.
p.oCJJeAJ1I.\y WJlH c.'{BHllle jaKo npWTe3albe, WTO MO>Ke H3a3sa1'14 KJ.1Aal-be
JIl>IMa WJT>I ce lTpH CJl a60M cTsapaj y Ha60pw . .IJ:a 6M ce OSO
O1'KJIOIDIJTO, ynoTpe6JbaBaj y ce H 3a npece ASOC1'pYKor AejcTsa Ba3AY-
llIHW ypel)ajw 3a .o;p>Kal-be JlI1Ma. H a CJJ. 172 npMKa3aH je AP>Ka'-! JJl>IMa
ca sa3AywHMM jacTYKoM. Ko.o; W14P0KJ.1X KOJleHaC'I'WX npeca ca JJaKTa-
CT14M nOJlyraMa 3a .o;p>Kal-be m1Ma y rpal;yj e ce nOHeKaA sa3AywHI1 y pe-
l jaj y caMe JlaKTaCTe nOJTyre Kao WTO TO nOKa3yj e CJl. 173.
KOJteHacTe npece OejcTaQ. 3a 1'[3SJl a '-!el-be cJlo>Ke>ll4jl1x
AeJlOsa 0.0; Jl MMa, K80 WTO cy ,!leJroB14 Kapocep14,ia "YTOM06wJl'a rAe
ce nojasJby j y JJOKaJlHa wcnyncrel'ba, OAHOCHO Y.!1y6Jbel-ba,
ce YMecTO npeca ,!l SOC1'PYKOT, npece TPOcTpYKor AejcTsa, TPOCTPyKO
lIejCTBO cacTojM ce y TOMe, WTO nopeA IIP)l{a4a JT14"a W ropl-ber npl1TI1-
CI{J4Sa'-!a, lTOCTOjW jow 14 j eAaH npMTJ'IC'K14Sa
c
l ca AOl-be cTpaHe MaWWHe
154
KOj M. BPWM. AOrrYHCKO M.3BJJa'IeFbe y cMepy CyrrpOTHOM OA CMepa AejcTBa
rOpFber rrp'ITM.CIUlBa'la (cynpoTHoCMepHO M.3BJJa'leFbe).
Ha CJJ. 174 rrpl1Ka3aH je ,lIeo j eAHor aJJaTa KOHcTpYl1caHor 3a rrpecy
TPOcTpYKor ,lIejcTBa. H a CJJ. 174 a BI1,l111 ce ,lIp)!<a'l JJHMa 1 KOjM. npl1Te-
)!{e JTI1M Y3 ,AOI-bI1, HenOMH,{HI1 ,lIeo aJJa1'a (oAroBapa npcTeHY 3a 113BJJa-
'leIDe KOA pa,llHI1x npeA1\1eTa pOTal.\110HOr 06JTI1Ka). rOpFbM. >I3BJIaKa'l 2
BPWI1 I13BJIa'leFbe JTI1Ma KpeTaFbeM HaHlf)Ke 'l11Me ce nOCTJ1.)Ke opeTXOAHI1
06JII1K JTI1Ma rrpeMa CJJ. 174 a. ITo 3aspweHoM KpeTaFbY roplber 113BJIa-
Ka'l a, KOjI1 ce 3aycTaBJba y CBOM ,lIOFbeM nOJIO)Kajy, cTyrra y ,lIejcTBo
AOFbI1 I13BJIaKa'l 3 KOj >I ce lCpefie O,ll03AO HaBI1We 11 BPWI1 I13BJIaqeFbe
rrpl1Jby 6Jbyj y hI1 JI I1M y 3 ,lIOEbY nOBpIIlJ1HY ropFber I13BJIaI<aqa (CJI. 174 b).
Ha Taj I-fa'Il1}{ oCTBapyj y ce 11 JIOKa:mm I1CrrynqeFba ca MaJTI1M nony-
rrpeqIDfKO'M KpI1BI1He . ,lIo6l1ja rr o'rO'H rrpeKO cnojKI1 4
ca AO!-ber npI1TI1CKI-rBa'Ia npece.
H a CJI. 174 BI1,l1JbI1BI1 ){(JI e60BI1 y B>I,lIy OJIYKa, O,llHOCHO I1cnYCTI1 6
cJI Y)Ke 3a KOqetbe JJ>I Ma Aa 611 ce nOCTI1rJIO ecj:JI1KacHl1je rrpl1Te3aa.e JJ !1'Ma
en. l70. - npeca 3a I>13 BJI c.)\-l e f-bC eel HenOKpe-r -
IHI M ,lI.'p>K3"1eM JJ 1-IMa "KircheLs" - M 8 KCt-tM8JI -
,-ta CI1JJa 50 TOBa H8 j a e hu npe l.UUIK fln01.Je M3 -
TepHj ana 700 rnm, Hajacha ,lI,eGJbIlJ-l a nJlMa 1,25
m.m j at.II'IHe H8 KII,lI, aJ-be 36 kg 'mmt=, Ha jse h a
JlY6m"la H3BJJ3l.I CIb 3 300 mm, XO,/l, CTOJl a 325
mm X O)). H3Bn81( a "ta 500 mm, 6poj XDAODa y
l\IKHYTIl 8 , n o r OHCKlI CHa r a DKO 12, 5 k. s.
npI1 'M3BJIaqeFbY HepoTal.\l1-
OHMX TeJIa; 0 OBJ1M e JIeMe H-
TI1Ma 611he pe'lTf >I y O,lleJb-
Ky 0 aJIaTl1Ma 3a 113BJIa'{eFbe.
Kao KO,ll npeca ,lIBO-
C1'p YKor .r\ej cTBa, 11 KO,ll
npeca TPOcTpYKor ,lIejcTBa
AP)Ka'f JIHMa rrpeTXO,ll,H rrpl1
CBOMe h"peTaFbY ropFbeM 113-
BJIaKaqy, TaKO Aa j e JIHM ca
cl1 r YPHowhy rrpHTerHYT y3
.l\OFbI1 ,lIeo aJIaTa npe no-
qeTKa 113BJIa'feFba ropFbHM
113BJIaKaqeM. .l\ejcTBo AOIber
J13BJI3Ka'fa 06aBJba ce 3a
BpeMe ropIber 113-
BJIaKaqa 11 AP)Kaqa JIJ1Ma.
Ha CJI . 175 rrpJ1Ka3aH je,
rrpeMa ITOJbaKY 11 COPOKH-
HY, 3a j eAHY rrpecy TpOCTpy-
Kor ,lIejcTBa Al1jarpaM Kpe-
TaIba I13BJIaKaqa Jo1 AP)Ka-
'fa JII1Ma y 3aBI1CHOC1'I1 OA
y r JIa OKpeTalba KpI1Baje
ropIber >I13BJIaKa'fa. Kpl1Ba
A oAroBapa ropIbeM M.3BJIa-
Ka qy, l<pl1Ba B AP)Kaqy JJ.!:!-
Ma, ,lIOK KpI1Ba C oAroBapa
1'\OFbeM 113BJIaxa'{y . O,llrOBa-
pajyhe BeJIl1'lHHe XO,llOBa
03HaqeHe cy ca N
A
, N B i He
H a ce By!AI1 Aa AP-
)l<'aq JTI1Ma rrpeTXO,llv[ ropllieM
Jl l1Ma
113BJIaKa"rY 11 Aa BPlllJ1. rrpH-
113BJIaqel-ba ropFber 11 ,lIOFber I1'3BJIa-
155
en. 171. - ,l{J-Ij al1paMJoI xOAa H3BJI aKal.l a H n pCTeHa 33 H3BJIa'-lelhe 3a npecy ca Heno-
l-U1'-{HJ11\;1 ~ p } a ~ e M JIm'fa
KOA MOAepH11.X rrpeca Tpoc-rpyKor
Aej CTBa ce p ery mrcal-be pal1a I1OJf>er 113-
BJIaKaqa y 3aB11CHOCTJ1 011 ropl-ber BpIIIJ1
nOMofiy eJleKTpJ1'lH11X KOHTaKTa, np11 qe-
MY ce Bplll!1 aYTOMaTCKO I1'CKJbyqel-be
cnojHl1I\e ropl-ber npl1TI1CKl1Ba'l a 'lJ1Me ce
oCTBapyje M11pOBafbe r opl-ber npl1T11CKI1-
eJl. 172. - .u;pm3"1 JIHMa ca ea3AywHw,,'1
jaC'l'YKoM
en. 173. - Ba3I\YWHJ.t ypel)aj
33 AP>Kafbe JIMM3 yrpaJ:)eH Y
JIaKT3CTY n OJIyry
Ba'la 3a BpeMe Aej {:TBa 110rf>er. KOI1 OBaKBJ1X npeca nocTojl1 11 MO-
ryhHocT I1CKJbyqel-ba AejcTBa AOlber npI1TI1CKJ1Ba'la TaKO l1a npeca MO>Ke
l1a pal1l1 11 Kao npeca I1BOCTpYKor l1ejcTBa.
156
JIaKTacTe npece. r Jl aSHI1 noroHcKI1 MeXaHI13aM OSI1X I'Ipeca 'i I1He
nOJl y r e y SI1.l1Y JlaKTa (CJI. J76). IToJlyre AB 11 BC Mel)yc06Ho cy Se3aHe
B. r Opl-b11 Kpaj no.rryr e AB 3rJl aSK3CTO j e cnojeH 3a .lIeo 1, )lOK
G
en. 174. - TIPl1HQ"tn pa.o;a aJJaTa KO)l npeca TPOCTPYKor JJ;ej cTBa
I I'
1\
!
l/
/
I
,
\ /
/' '\
\ /
/"\
1\
1\
V
/:
! I'.
I
i\
J
I
I
I
I
V
V
."'"
KI

II
300 330 0 30 60 gO 120 tRJ 180 210 2VO 270 JOO :;:JO 360'
eJ1. 175. - ,l{J1jarpa MH KpeTa tba J'r3BJl a K3 "1a 11 APJKa\.Ia JU1Ma KO)l npeca
TPOcTPYKor JlejcTBa
j e .lIOI-bI1 Kpaj nOJl y r e BC 3rJIaSKaCTO se3aH 3a npI1TI1CK11:Sa'i 2. IToroH
ce npeHOCI1 ca eJleKTpOMoTopa (Sl1:.l\11 11: CJI . 177) Ha SpaTI1J10 3aMajl.\a 3
O.llaKJle npeKo 3yn'iaHI1Ka 4r 5 Ha Kpl1Baj y 6. Kpl1saja npeKo KJTJ1:ffiba-
I
I f ---- -'--
Jl:II._------
J
C::.. :;-;. - -:!.r..::c.= - -1II!Sf- !)f!f-u!s-.

158
'Ie 7 nOKpefie 3rJl06 B 11 JlaKTaCTe nOJlyre. ,lJ;a 611 ce npeca oCl1ry paJla
OA JlOMa YCJleA npeonTepefieJ-ba, 113seAeHa j e no.rryra AB K3 ABa AeJla
8 11 9 KOjl1 cy Meljyc060M cnojeHI1 OCOSI1HI1l..\OM D 11 3aBpTEbeM 10. IIpl1
paAY AeJlOSI1 8 11 9 'lliHe j eAHY l1eJll1HY npl1 '!eMY je YCJleA eKCl1eHTPK-
'!HOCTI1 Ta'!Ke D 3aSpTaJ-b 10 onTepefieH Ha I1CTe3aEbe. Y cJly'!ajy npe-
oTITepefieFba HacTaje K!I1AaJ-be 3asPTFba 10, Te ce OCTaJll1 AeJlOSI1 npece
'!)'Bajy OA JlOMa, 1I0K ce 3aSpTaJ-b 10 JlaKO 3a.MeFbyje HOSHM.
JIaKTaCTe npece HaJla3e y nOCJlel\l-be speMe BeJIMKy npKMeHy 3a
paAoBe YTl1cKI1BaJ-ba. PaHl1je cy ce 3a OBe paAose ynoTpe6JbasaJle
y r JlaSHOM CPPI1Kl.1MOHe npece. KOA CPPl1KJ.1l10HI1X rrpeca nOCJIe 3aBPlIJe-
HO'r paAHor xOAa, KaAa j e KI1HeTK'!Ka eHeprl1ja aaMajl1a npeTsopeHa y
AecpopMal.1MOHM paA, HacTaje Ol\ll1ax .rroBpaTHM }cOA npHTI1ClOIBaQa. Me-
IjYTI1M Aa 611 ce npM y"I1KCl1saFbY A06110 '!I1CT peJbecp, rrOTpe6Ho je Aa
MaKC11MaJlHa C11J1a KOjOM AejCTsyje npMTI1CKI1Ba'! rrpeKO aJIaTa Ha MaTe-
pl1j aJl, AeJIyje 113BeCHO BpeMe. 3a oso BpeMe HacTaje pa3Jll1Balbe MaTe-
pl1j aJla YCJIeA 'rera ce A0611Ba BPJlO '!I1CT peJbecp. OBaj 3aXTes I1cnYlbeH
je KOA JlaKTaCTe npece Koja Aaje Haj sehy CI1J1Y npl1 nOTnYHo I1cnpy-
}!CeHH.lIl JlaKTaCTI1M no.rryraMa. Y TOM nOJlO>Kajy Tj. rrpr1 HajHIDKeM no-
JIO}Kaj y npl1TI1CKI1Ba'!a Kao 11 npr1 Hajsl1meM aYTOMaTCKI1 ce 3aYCTaBJba
npI1TCKI-1Sa'! . OSO 3aYCTaSJbatbe ce ocraapyje nOMofiy cnojHl1l..\a ca
ABOCTPYKI1M 06PTHI1M KJlI1HOM.
,lJ;a 61-1 ce ropJ-b1-1 Aeo aJlaTa 3a YTI-1CKMBaJ-be Morao mlCMHCKl1 Ta'!HO
nOAewaBaTM, nocTojl1 y peljaj 3<1 SI-1CI1HCKO peryJll1catbe, KOj l1 ce ca-
cTojr1 113 rrOMl1'!Hor KJIM-
Ha 11 KOj 1-1 ce nOMepa nD-
Mohy 3aBpTJ-ba OKpeTa-
lbeM pY'lYIl1e 12.
Jii3rJleA jel\He JlaK-
TaCTe rrpece AaT je Ha
CJI. 177. Osa npeca I1Ma
ypeljaj 3a nOKa3l1Batbe
IMOMeHTaHe CI1J1e rrpl1
paAY, KOjl1 CPYHKI.1MOHM-
w e Ha Taj Ha'll1H, WTO ce
H3AY>Ketbe CTy60sa npece
npeKo '!eJJJ1'FHJ1X Y>KeTa
npeHOCI1 Ha CKa3aJbKY
(Aeo 1 Ha CJI. 177) Koja
TaAa nOKa3yje OITTepehe-
tbe y kg. Ose rrpece ce
HapO'UfTO OAJll1Kyjy BPJIO
Ta '!HI1M paAOM ]. TO ca
CJI . 178. - illeMa MHOrOJIaKTaCTe npece Ta'!Howhy OA 1/ 100 rom
na 11 BefioM.
,lJ;py r Tl1rr JlaKTaCTe npece, TaB. MHOTOJlaKTaCTa rrpeca, WeMaTCK/1
j e npl-1Ka3aH Ha CJI . 178. Osa rrpeca TaKo\)e KMa Kpl1sajHI1 MeXaHl13aM
KOj l1 nOKpefie cnojHY nJIo'!y 1. 3a osy nJIo'!y Be3aHl1 cy AOtbl1 KpajeBI1
nOJlyra 2 11 roptbl1 KPajeBI1 nOJIyra 3. rOptbl1 'KPajeBI-1 nOJlYTa 2 Be3aHM
cy 3a HenoKPeTHI1 Aeo 4 npece, AOK cy AOtbl1 KpajeBI1 rroJl y ra 3 Be3aHI1
3a npl1TI1CKI1Ba'! 5. Ha Ta.i Ha'!l1H rroJlyre :? 11 3 3aje,ll'H0 ca nJIO'!OM 1
'lI1He MHOrOJIaKTaCTl1 CI1CTE'M.
MtlOro.lIaKTacTe npece ynoTpE\6Jbasajy ce 3a OBe paAoBe, rAe ce
Tpaml1 paSHOMepaH npeHoc cl-1J1e Ba aJlaT 11 MaTepl-1jaJl .

159
AYTOM8TCKe npece
Y OBOM nOrJlBBJbY 6lffi e pe'iJ4 0 8yTOMBTCIOfM rrpeeBM8 6e3 no-
,l(eJIe rrpeMB BPCT>I nOI'OHCKor MeXBIDI3MB: KOJleHBCT>!
>IT,I(., Beh eBMO C 063>!pOM HB a,>lXOB 8YTOMBTC1OI pB,I(.
AYTOMaTCK>I pa,ll HOpMaJlHMX, ,1(0 ea,lla npJ1Xa3aH>lX, rrpeca MOlKe
ce nOCTaha a yrpa,l(I-bOM HapOqarax ypel)aja 3a ,lIOBO,ll MaTepJ1jaJla.
IIpece rpal)eHe 3a aYTOMaTCKa pa,ll aMajy >lJIa yH>lsep-
3aJTHy HaMeHY Tj . cJTYJKe 3a 113pa,lly pa3J1>1't>1T>lX pa,l(H>lX rrpe,llMeTa
CJla'tHe BeJl>l"'t11He, >lJI>! cy rpal)eHe 3a >l3pa,lly O,llpel)eHax
pa,llH>lX rrpe,l(MeTa Kao 3aBpTIbeBa, 3BKl1BaKB >lJI>I CJT>I"'tHO. IIpece 06PB-
Ijyjy MBTep>l j BJI >lJI>I y XJlB,lIHOM aJl>l Torr.nOM CTaI-bY, Te ce PB3J1>!Kyjy
ayTOMaTCKe XJla,llHe >I aYTOMaTCKe TOnJle rrpece.
Ypel)aju 3a ayTO.M,aTCKU paiJ HOp.M,a.MtuX npeca. OS>l y pel)aj>l
'i>lHe 3Bce6HY B MOHTapBjy ce Ha HOpMaJlHe rrpece; OH>I Ha-
en. 179. - Ypel)aj 3a nOMepatbe M3TepJ.1jana ca a3JblV1M3
POq>lTO HaJla3e BeJlaKY np>lMeHY rrp>l MBCOBHOj rrpO>l3S0,ll1-b>l ,lIeJlOBa
rrpOCel.\8I-beM, rrp>l qeMY BpllJe aYTOMaTCKO nOMep8l-be MaTep>ljaJla- TpaKe.
Je,llaH O,ll HajeTBp"jax y pei)aia 3a nOMepal-be MaTep>!jaJla je ca-
ereM ca (CJI. 179) . Ca BpaTI1J1a 1
CKe rrpece rrpeHOCI1 ce rrpeKO illI1TIKe 2 Ha rroJlyry 3 rrJlo'le 4.
Ha 3aje,llffH'lXoj OCOBI1HI1 ca rrJlO'lOM 4 HaJla311 ce 3yrrqaIDIK 5 KOj >l je
y ,lIo,ll>!Py ca 3yrr '-l alll1KoM 6 a rrocJle,lll-b>l ca 7. 3 y rr'-laHIfl.\>I 6 >I 7 HaJla3e
ce Ha OCOBaH8Ma B8JhaKa 113Mei)y KOjl1X ce MaTepl1jaJl YSJla'-!11. Ha Taj
Ha'!11H ce Ha>l3MeHWnrl1'-' KpeTal-beM llJ>lrrKe 2 3yrr'l!lff>I"K 5 oKpehe '-lac
y j e,llHOM, '-lac y ,l(pyroM cMepy . .D:a He 611 >I 3yrr'-laHI1W1 6 >I 7 ca saJb-
Mel-baJl>l cMep OKperal-ba, rrpeHOC>I ce KpeTaJ-he 3yrrqaHl1Ka 5 Ha 6
a 7 CBMO Y je,llHOM cMepy, ,lIOK ce Y ,lIpyroM cMepy OCOSJ1Ha 3YIT'laHaKa
5 CJl06o,llHO spaha 6e3 OKpeTal-ba 3yrrqaHMKa. Ca rrJlo'le 4 rrpeHOC>I ce
KpeT8I-be rrpeKo rroJlyre 8, llJ11rrKe 9 >I nOJlyre 10 Ha I1CT>I TaKaB C>lCTeM
1(iO
ca AecHe C1'paHe MaWI'IHe, TaKO ,!Ia JleBI1 CMCTeM BPWM YBJla4el-be TpaKe,
AOK AeCHJ>[ BPWM 113BJla4el-be. PY'Hl.l.(e 14 cJlY>Ke 3a 6p30 113AM3al-be rop-
I-bMX BaJbaKa paAM YMeTal-ba HOBor Ma-repMjaJla. nOJIYre
15, K<Yje cy Be3aHe 3a npMTl1cJ{J1Ba4 rrpece, cJIY>Ke TaKo!)e 3a 0AJ13aJ-be
BaJbaKa M TO Y 3aBI1CHOCTI1 OA MOMeHTaHOr nOJlO>Kaja KpMBaje npece;
n04eTaK H Kp3j OAI13al-ba BaJbaKa peryJrnwe ce 3aapTI-bJ>fMa 11 HaBpT-
KaMa. OBO OAJ>13al-be 3a BpeMe paAa je nOTpe6Ho aKO je npoceKa4 cHa6-
AeBeH 3a Ta'fRO OApe!)I1BaJ-be nOJlO>Kaja Tpa-
Ke nocJle CB<lKor nOMepal-ba (BM.t\I1 norJlaBJbe MaTepMjaJla");
T3.t\a y TpeHyTKy KaAa TpaKa JJl11Ifa Tpe6a Aa npe!)e npeKo TOr McnyC'l'a-
HacTaje oAM3al-be BaJbaKa. JifC'l'O TaKO je nOTpe6HO 0AJ13arhe
BaJbaKa 3a BpeMe pa,IIa, aKO ce paAe onepaqKj e c3BKj aH.a MJlM K3BJla'lel-ba.
CJI. 180 rrpMKa3yje ype!)aj ca 3a YBJla4eH.e MaTepl1jaJla
y Be3M ca KOJleH3CTOM npecoM. IIowTo je KOA OBe npece KOJleHaCTO Bpa-
TMJlO napaJleJlHO KpeTal-ba Tp3Ke (a He ynpaBHo Kao Ha CJI. 179) ,
eJl. 180. - Ypel}aj 3a YBJla'iel-be :\laTepl1jaJla ca
BaJbQlfMa Cl1c-reMa "LitteIi
H
TO je 11 rrpeHOC npeKO urnn-
Ke H3 ype!)aj MaJlO npel1Ha-
'leH. BeJlI1'l11'1-Ia' nOMepa1-ba
TpaKe perYJlMwe ce MeJ-ba-
J-beM npM-
KJbY4Ka ropJ-ber Kp3j3
WMnKe.
,ll;py rl'l H3'f11.H nOMep3-
J-ba M3Tepl1j aJl3 rrpKK33aH
je Ha CJI. 181. OBaj CI1CTeM
HMa ABa B3JbKa 3a CTe33J-be
1, KOj l1 ce HaJla3M Y Kaae3Y
2. IIoMohy je.t\He on pyre (Ha
ce He BI1,/\11) npJ>ITI1-
CHyT j e KaBe3 2 ca
Ma 1 y3 Koce nOBpWJrne 3.
TaAa npH paAHOM xO.t\y KJIJ1-
3a'la HaAecHo, npMTKCKyjy
nJl04e 3 BaJbKe y3 JrnM, Te
ce K .mat Kpehe HaAeCHO 3a-
jeAHo ca KJlI13a4eM 4 KQjl1
KJlM3M no 5. IIpM
nOBpaTHoM XOAY HaJleBO,
HacTaje oTrrymTatDe BaJba-
K3. OBaj ype!)aj HaJla311 ce
ca1l10 Ha CTPaHM YJlacKa 1I1a-
Tepl1i aJla, rrpK 4'My ce 1I1a-
TepMjaJl r y pa Kp03 aJlaT. fueroBa je A06pa cTpaHa Y TOMe, WTO je KOH-
npOCTa a pa,!l cI1rypaH M npl1 YBJla4eJ-bY HepaBffilX- MCKpI1B-
,JbeHMX TpaKa.
CJlM'<aH ypeljaj 3a YBJla'<el-be npeTCTaBJbeH je Ha CJI.
182, fAe MeCTO ABa BaJbKa nocTojl1 caMO fOPJ-bM BaJbaK 1 3a CTe3al-be
AOK je AOJ-bJ>1 BaJbaK 3aMeFbeH KaJbeHOM fJlaTKOM nJl040M 2. IIpM
Tal-bY KJl113a'<a Ha.t\eCHO (pa.t\HI1 XOA) HacTaje, YCJleA KOCI<He AeJia 4,
npMTMCKJ1BaJ-be BaJbKa ya JlJ>[M H nOMepaJ-be MCTor 3ajeAHo ca KJlM-
3a4eM 3.
161
Ype!)aj 3a rrOlVrepaH>e MaTepMjaJla rrpeMa CJI. 183 pap;!{ ca C'I'eraMa.
Ypeljaj MMa ABa napa C'l'era: CTere A 3a nOMepae.e M CTepe B 3a rrpM-
AP:lKaBaH>e TpaRe. Ha CJI. 183 a BMAM ce nO'IeTaK nOMepe.Fba. TpaKaCTK
MaTepMjaJl CTel'HyT je C'PeraMa A, Koje cy y Be3M ca MexaHM3MOM 3a
rrOMepaH>e, AOK cy CTere
B OTBopeHe. rOpH>M aJlaT
1 (Harrp. rrpoceKa'l) HaJla3M
ce 'JOHaA MaTepMjana.
Kpaj TIOMepaH>a rrpMKa-
3aH je Ha CJI . 183 'b. Ype-
Ijaj 3a nOMepaH>e YAapI<O
je CBOjMM JleBMM rpaHM-
'IH11KOM y JleBY, Heno-
MJ<'{HY ' cTery B. CTere B
cy ce TaKolje 3aTBOpI<Jle
I< rOpH>M aJlaT 1 xpehe ce CJI. 181. - Ypel)aj l3a YBJIaqeFb" MaTepl<jaJIa ca
HaHJ1}Ke .o;a 611 o6aBJlIo aaJbll.l1Ma 3 ~ CTe3afbe
paAHM XOA. IIpoceqaH>e ce
B P ~ (CJI . 183 c) rrpl< 3aTBopeHMM CTeraMa B 3a TIpI<AP:>KaBaH>e, AOK cy
ce CTere A 3a nOMepaH>e OTBOpMJle. IIocJle M3BpilleHor rrpocel.\aH>a Bpaha
ce rOpH>M aJlaT Y CBOj ropH>I< nOJlo:>Kaj, AOK ce ype!)aj 3a n0MepaH>e ca
C'reraMa A Bpaha YJleBO {CJI. 183 d). 3a BpeMe Bpahae.a ypelj.aja 3a no-
MepaH>e 3aTBopeHe cy CTere B. CJI. 183 e rrpeTCTaBJba xpajH>I< nOJlO-
3
:lKaj CTera rrpe nO'leTKa
HOBor rrpOl.\eca.
AKo je nO'I'pe6HO Ha
rrpeCI< BPillJ<TJ1 HeKY onepa-
l.\Mj Y 'FIa no;ryrOToBMM npeA-
MeTJ<Ma, Harrp. rrpocel.\aH;e
Ha PaAHOM rrpeAMeTy rrpeT-
XOAHO Ao6J<jeHMM J<3BJla'le-
}heM, ynoTpe6JbaBajy ce
npece ca peBOJlBepCKJ<M
CTOJlOM (CJI. 184). OBaj CTO
MO:lKe ce HaKHaAHO yrpap;!{-
T>l Y rrpecy I<= j e rrpeca
Beh cnel.\MjaJIHo rpa!)eHa ca
peBOJIBepCKMM CTOJIOM. Pe-
BOJlBepCKI< CTO MMa Belrn
6poj oTBopa jeAHaKO pacno-
peljeHMX no xpyry. Y OBMM
oTBopMMa H3JIa3e ce MOHTI<-
pam< YMeTl.\M OHor o6J1J<Ka
KOjM OArOBapa paAHOM npeA-
CJI. 182. - Ypel)aj Ga YBJIaqe"'e MaTepJoljaJIa ca MeTY nOCJIe orrep3l.\Mj e Ha
je.ttmtM aaJbKOM (3a CTe38IDe H OJIQQOM npeTxo,qHoj Ma.IIIJfHJ.f. Y DBe
}'MeTKe CTaBJbajy ce paAHI<
rrpeAMeTM. 06lf'IHO ce y rrpmMCKMBa'l rrpece CTaBJba caMO jeA'3H anaT,
aJIM ce Mory, nOMofiy Hapo'{J<TOP HOCa'ia aJlaTa, nOCTaBMTM M B=e aJla'!'a,
TaKO Aa ce rrpM jeAHOM XOAY paAe Bmlle orrepal.\1<ja; rrpM OKpeTa>bY
CTOJIa 3a jeAaH OTBOp nocJle caaKor xOAa rrpece, nOMepa ce M P3;ll;HH
11 Manll'IHe aJIaTKe
162
ITpeAl'teT 0):1 aJI3Ta ):10 aJIaTa 'ieMY ce nOCTYlUlO J-t3Bpwyje je):lHa
onepruWa 3a tlPYI'OM.
OKpeTaa.e peBOJIBepCKOr CTOJIa oCTBapyje ce 11JIJ-t nOCpe):lCTBOM
MaJITeJllKOl' KpCTa 11m! Cl1CTe:\10M npeHOCffilX IIOJIyra.
XJlao'll.e ayTO."UTc;ce npece. Xna;ll;He ayroMaTcKe npE!(;e cJIyJKe 3a
lIJIaCTl1'lHy ;Il;e<P<>PM3.l.\J-tj Y 11JIJ-t O,!!Baj aa,e aJIa Mafbl1X pa;ll;RJ1X
D. 183. - Ypel)aj 3a nOMepalbe "aTepl1jaJla
nOMohy CTera
npeAl'!eTa, 3a Koje ;Il;e<t>op"-
OTIIOP Hl1je Be-
JIJ-tJrn, Te ce MOry 06pa-
l(l1TJ-t y XJIa.AHOM CTaa.y.

ayTO IaTCKl1X 6Jrl\e
nOKa3aH Ha je;ll;Hoj je;ll;Ho-
CTaBHl1j oj, MafbOj rrpeCJ-t
Koja CJIyBG! aa J-t3Pa.AY
3aKKBaKa 11 eKce-
pa. llorOHCIO[ Me){aHl13aM
OBe npE!(;e je Kpl1BajHlI
MexaHl13aM ca KOJIeHa-
CTl1M BpaTJ-tJIOM 1 (CJI.
185). CaM pa;ll; rrpece 1'10-
eJl. 184. - KOJleHaCTa
npeca ca yrpal)eHK.\1 pe-
BOJISepCh."fM CTOJlOM
" LitteU"
>Ke ce npeMa onepaql1jaMa pa,!!Hor npe,!J;MeTa nO;ll;eJIl1Tl1 Ha CJIe):leli.e ):Ie-
JIl1Ml1'lHe p a.z\lbe:
1) yaJIa'Ielbe MaTepJ-tjaJIa
2) CTe3aH>e
3) cbopl>tl1paa.e rmUle
4) OTCel.\albe
YBJIa'ieFbe MaTepJ-tjaJIa- >KJUle BPIlJJ-t ce Ha Taj Ha'ii-tH, lllTO ce JKl1I.\a
r.PBO npoBJIa'IJ-t J-t3Me!)y HeKOJIJ-tKO Y:>KJbe6JbeHl1x TO'IKl1i;a 2, KOjJ-t cJIJ)Ke
163
3a I1CnpaSJbal-be >Kl1l.\e. 3aTI1M >Kl1l.\a npOJla311 Kp03 crery 3 Se3aHY
rrpeKo nOJlYTa 3a eKCl.\eHTpMqal1 pYKasal.\ 4 KOJleHaCTOr spaTl1J1a. ITPM
oKpeTal-bY KOJleaacror SpaTMJla Kpefie ce crera 3 rrpaBO.1lliID<CIOI y je):l-
HOM 11 IIPyroM cMepy. Y caMoj CTe311 HaJla3e ce IIBa 3Yl1I\a KOjM npl1

6 Gr-

' 9
CJJ. 185. - llleMa )'1al'Le aYToMaTcKe npece 3a J-t3paAY 3aKHBaK3 Jrf eKcepa
KpeTal-bY CTere YlleCHO 3axs3Tajy >KM1.\y 11 YSJlaqe je Y MaIlI>rny, ,D;OK
npl1 nospaTHOM XOIlY CTere KJJM3e no )IG!ljM He spafiajyIDi je. ,UaJbe
npOJla311 :aorI.\a K'p03 !IJI0qy 5 'Koja CJJYJKI1 Kao solyl1l.\a, a 3aTI1M YJla311
y OTsopeae CTe3a'fe 6 (SI1.D:11 1I01-b11 lIeo CJrnKe). CTe3a'U1 6 cy
nOJlyre Heje,D;HaKI1X KpaKoBa, Koje cy 06pTHe OKO OCOSMHa A. Ha ):leCHOM,
IIY>KeM KpaKy OSI1X nOJJYTa HaJla3e ce TO"KI1h:w KOjM ce Kpehy y JKJbe6y
7 KYJlMCHI1X soljl1l.\a nOCTaB-JbeHI1X Ha KOJleHaCTOM spaTMJJY. Ha Taj
Ha'll1.H, npl1 oKpeTal-bY KOJleHaCTor SpaTMJI'a, OTsapajy ce 11 3aTsapajy
CTe3al.Ui.
ITOWTO je YSJlaqel-be >Kl1l.\e 3aspweHo, HacTaje .D:PYlI'a onepaI\wja-
CTeaal-be. CTe3al-be I1Ma aa l.\I1Jb npl1l1p>KaSal-be >K111.\e 11 npl1'Mal-be Yllapl\a
npl1 cJle):lehoi onepal.\wjl1. AKo pa,D;H11 npeJlMeT (aaKJ1BaK, eK;cep I1J111 CJlI-f'I-
HO) Tpe6al ila mvLa HeKM .D:PYI'l1 rrpeceK TeJla 011 0KPyrJlor, Harrp. qeTBPTaCT,
OH):la cre3a'll1 6, KOjl1 Talla >!M'ajy >KJle60se Olll'OSapajytier 06roa,
spwe nope):l CTea3l-ba 11 q,opM:wpal-be 06mlKa spaTa. ITPI1 cJlellehoj one-
pal.\l1jl1 BPWI1 ce q,opMl1pal-be rJlase. ITPI1TI1CKl1Baq 8, KOjM ce Kpehe y
soljl1l.\aJl1a a ):l0611ja nOKpeT 011 KOJleHaCTOr SpaTI1J1a, l1Ma aa CSOM "eo-
HOM lIeJlY aJlaT - 06JJMKaq 9 ca ollroBapajyfil1M Y.D:Y6Jbel-beM 3a rJlaBy.
rOpl-b11 lIeo CJI. 185 ollrosapa Kpajy onepaU;l1je q,opMWpal-ba rJlase. ITo-
cJle ose onepal.\l1je . spatia ce npI1TI1CKI1Sa'l' YHa3all, IIOK ce CTeaa'f>f
11
164
oTBapajy. 3a OBO BpeMe cTynajy y ,!IejC1'Bo HQ)KeBJ< 3a OTCel.(aJ-be KOjW
ce Kpelly BepTItK3.mw no Bol)Wl.(aMa (Ha CJTI'f1\H ce He BW,!Ie). J e,!laH HO>K
RaJTa3W ce W3Ha,!l a ,!Ipy rJ'J wcno,!l >KMl.(e. 06J1Wl<y HO>KeBa MO>Ke
ce ,!I06WTW W >KeJbeHW 06J1I1K Bpxa paAHor npeAM Ta. 3a BpeMe OTce-
I:(alba oCTajy CTe3a'll1 OTBOpeHI1, TaKO ,!Ia I13Mel)y lbJ1X MMa ,!IOBOJbHO
rrpoc'I'Opa 3a rrpOJla3 HO)KeBa. ITo nOBpaTKY HO>KeBa 3aBpllIaBa ce je,!laH
r-a,!lHH npOl.(ec 11 TO nocJle 06pTa KOJleHaCTOr BpaTWJla. 3aTHM
nO'll1lbe HOB npOl.(ec ca YBJla'lelbe1l1 )KWl.(e I1T,!I.
eJI. 186. - AYToMaTcKa rrpeca 33 JlI3paAY eKcepa H 3aKHBaKa lI Matm,edie" - 6poJ
paAHI1X npe.n;l\teTa (eKcepa )l:Y:>KJiIHe 5 -+- 10 mm) Y MJiIJ-ryTJiI 250, norOHCKa CHara
OKO 3/ 8 k. s.
Ha CJl. 186 rrpWKa3alfa je je,u;Ha Malba MaLUvlHa 3a 113pa,u;y MaJlI1X
eKcepa 11JI11 3aKJ1BaKa.
CI1CTeM nOJlyra 6 3a CTe3al-be npeMa CJl. 185 nOrO,!laH je 3a
MaJla onTepellel-ba Tj. MaJle ,!II1MeH311je paAHJ1X rrpe,u;MeTa, nOLUTO cy
OBaKBe rrOJTyre ,!IOCTa eJlaCTI1'IHe, LUTO yTl1'1e Ha KBaJTJITeT pa,!la. 3aTO
ce KO,!l Belll1x rrpeca 3a eKcepe 11J111 3aKl1BKe nOCTaBJbajy ABa eKCl.(eH-
TapCKa BpaTl1J1a ca C'l'paHe, napaJleJTHO OCI1 MaUfI1He (CJl. 187). GBa 60'IHa,
eKCl.(eHTapcKa BpaTWJla Ta,u;a nOK']Jehy KJI113a'le 3a CTe3al-be MaTepl1jaJla
Kao 11 3a OTCel1al-be. Oca rrpece rrpeMa CJI.
HOCa'lY MaTepl1jaJIa KOjl1 je HI13aK; Ha Taj
Jbal-be KOTYPoBa >Kl1l1e.
Belil1 TI1TI XJIa,llHe ay-
TOMaTcKe rrpece 3a Belle 3a-
Irn:BKe I1JII1 TeJIa 3aBpTlba
npl1Ka3aH je llleMaTCKI1 Ha
CJI. 188. MaTepl1jaJI Mal-ber
npe'lID!Ka YTIOTpe6JbaBa ce
y Bl1):{y )!Of1je y KOT)'pOBI1Ma,
Koja ce, Kao rrpeMa CJI . 187,
O,llMOTaBa ca HOCa'la ROTY-
pOBa. 3a Belle ,lIe6JbI1He (13
mm H BHllle) YTIOTPe6JbaBa-
jy ce 111I1TIKe.
Onepal1Hje ce Ha OBOj
MalllHID! 06aBJbajy CJIe,lle-
IiHM pe,llOM: .
1) YBJIa'lel-be MaTepl1-
jaJIa
2) OTcel1al-be
3) ,lIOBol)el-be MaTepH-
jaJIa rrpe,!\ KaJIyn
4) y 6al1l1Bal-be y 'KaJI,YTI
5) ca6Hj albe r JIaBe
6) H36a1jHBallie rOTOBor
pa,!\Hor rrpe,!\MeTa.
npe YJIaCKa Y MaIlDIHY
npOJIa311 MaTepHjaJI H3Mel)y
TO'IKl1l1a 3a
(Ha CJII1UH ce He BI1,l1e) . Ma-
TepHjaJI 1 ,YBJIa'lH ce y Ma-
lIIHHy nOMoliy CTera 2 Ha
CJIH'laH Ha'lHH Kao KO,ll npe-
ce npeMa CJI. 185. 06pa,lla
MaTepHjaJIa He BPWI1 ce KO,!\
OBor T JrfIla Ha J.1CTOM MeCTY
r,lle je MaTepl1jaJI yBy'leH y
Mann<HY, Bell ce O,!\ MaTe-
pl1jaJIa OTceua nOTpe6Ha AY-
JKHHa 11 nOMolly HapO'lHTOr
HOCa'l a ,lIOBO,ll11 y KaJI,Yn Ko-
jH JIe}l{H y OCI1 KpeTalba npl1-
TI1CKl1Ba'la rrpece. 3a BpeMe
YBJIa'lel-ba MaTepHjaJIa Ha-
JIa3H ce HO}l{ 3, KOjl1 je IIpH-
'lBpllllleH 3a K.IDl3aQ 4, He-
nocpe,!\Ho .Y3 MaTepl1jaJI.
HO>K 3 je nOJIYKPY>KHOr 0-
6JIl1Ka TaKO ,lIa y OBOM no-
JIoJKajy 06yxBaTa nOJIOBl1RY
06l1Ma MaTepl1jaJIa. 3a KJIH-
165
187 HMa MaJIl1 HarH6 npeMa
Ha'lHH ce OJIaKIllaBa nOCTaB-
166
3aq 4 Be3a.H8 je no.rryra 5 KOj8 Ha CBOM ,l{y<eM KPaK)' KMa y)J;y 6JbeFbe 3a
rrpKjeM MaTepl1jaJIa. Y "peHyTK)' y'BJIa'leFba nOKJIana ce oca OaaT y)J;y6-
JbeFba ca OCOM MaTepKjaJIa, TaKO ,lJ;a nOJIYl'a 5 H.cToapeMeHo CJIYJIOI Kao
rpBHH'lHill<. IIolllTo je YBJIa'leJ-be M8'repl1jaJIa 3aBpllleHo, 'rj . nolllTO je
MaTepHjaJI ywao Y y)J;y6JbeFbe nOJIyre 5 (oaaj nOJIoJKaj owoBapa )J;OFbeM
,lJ;e.rry CJI. 188), KJII13a'l 4, KOjl1 ,lJ;o6Kja nOKpeT O/I. K)'JrncHor mJbe6a 6 Ha
KOJIeHaCTOM BpaTI1JIY npeKo rroJIyre 7, rrO'll1fbe ,lJ;a ce Kpehe rrpeMa OCK
ManmHe Bplllem.r H rrpeMelllTafbe OTCeqeHOr MaTepl1.jBJIa. Ma-
Tep!1jBJI je rrp11: TOMe npl1,lJ;pJKaT nOJIYKPymffilM HomeM 3 11. y)J;y6JbeFbeM
Ha rrOJIY311: 5. IIowTo je OTCe'leHI1 MaTepHjaJI ,lJ;Oae,lJ;eH y ocy. MalllHHe
Hcnpe,lJ; jeAl-fO,lJ;eJIHOr KaJIyna 8, cTyrra y ,lJ;ejCTBo onpyra 9 Koja rrpeKo
no.rryre 5 nOTHcK)'je MaTepl1jaJI y KaJIyrr. TpeHYTaK rrOTHCKIDlaFba MaTe-
pKjaJIa 6per aCTa nJIO'la 10 Koja npeKo 11 rrpHTHCK)'je
KPahH KPaK no.rryre 5 I1JII1 ra oTnYlIJTa y TpeHYTKY MaTeptl-
jarra y Ka.rryn. Ha ropfbeM ,lJ;e.rry CJI. 188 npKKa38H je nOJIomaj MaTepH-
jaJIa HenOCpe,ll;Ho npe,lJ; y KaJlyn. IIOlliTO je y6aql1Bafbe Ma-
en. 188. ille.Ma sel:\e aYToMaTcKe npece 3a 3aKJoIBKe I1JJl1 Tena 3aspTFba
TepHjaJIa 3aBpllIeHO, npl1TK<:Kyje lllKnKa 11 Kpahl1 <KpaK no.rryre 5 Koja
ce Ta)J;a o.u,aaja O,lJ; MaTepKjaJla 11 3aje,lJ;HO ca KJlI13aqeM Bpalla rrpe,lJ; OTBOP
3a YBJIa'leFbe MaTepKjaJIa. Ca,lJ;a HacTaj e ca6Hjafbe rJIaae no,lJ; )J;ejocTBoM
rrpl1TI1CKHBa'la rrpece 12 11: o6JrnKaqa 13. IIollITO ce npWPl1CKKBaQ apaTHO
Ha3BA, ,lJ;ejCTByje 113'6aqKBaQ 14, KOjK rOTOB pa,lJ;HI1 npe,lJ;MeT Ha-
,lJ;eOHO HarrOJbe. 14 ,lJ;06Hja rrOKPeT O,lJ; 15 rrpeKo
llII1ITKe 16 11 ,lJ;BOKpaKe rro.rryre 17 . .
167
Ha C.1Dfr;H 189 BI<AI< ce AI<jarpaM rrOKpeTa eJleMeHaTa rope rrpl1Ka-
3aHe rrpece. JIb AI<jarpaMa ce BI<AI< rrOKJlanalbe rrojeJllfHi'lx
lUro je KOPl<CHO jep oMoryliyje cKpahelbe pa,qHor BpeMeHa.
JlbrJleA jeAHe )fOAepHe ayTOMaTCKe npece Koja paAJ< no npHH1:\H1lY
CJlwrHOM npi<Ka3aaOM Ha llIeM1< CJI . 188 Aar je aa CJI. 190. OBa rrpeca je
HapO'IMrO rroro,D;Ha 3a >l3paAY reJla HaBPTK>!, aJl>! ce Ha lbOj MOry paAJ<T>l
I< APY rn AeJlOBI<.
KOA AO caAa IIp>l.Ka3aH11X ayroMarCKJ<X npeca 3aBpllIasa ce je,qaa
Pa,qH>l. rrpeAMeT rrpl< jeAHoM 06PTY KpJ<Baje, Tj . rJlaBa pa,D;Hor rrpeAMeTa
(3aKI<BKa, 3aBpTFba) A06>1ja ce je,D;HJ<M jeAJ<H>I.M YAapl..\eM. MeI}YTJ<M, axo
je oHaj Aeo IllJ1IIKe, KOjl< rpe6a Aa ce rrpeTBOP>I y rJlaBY Aocra ,qyra'IaK
(AY)KJ1 OA 2,5 crpYKor npe'lH>lKa llIJ<JlKe) , JlaKO Hacraje I<3B>rjaa.e. Y TOM
cJlyqajy ce rJlaBa He MO>Ke >l3paAI<TJ< je,qHJ<M YAapI:\eM Ben ca ABa; llpl<
rrpBOJlf YAaplIY ce BpllIl< npeTxo,D;HO ca61<jalbe rJIaBe >I TO Truro Aa AOIbl<
Aeo rJlase ,lI06l1je 3aAe6Jbalbe (CJI. 191 a), AOK ,lIpyrn ,lIaje 3aBp-
llIH>I 06J1J<K (CJI. 191 b). Me!)yrl11l1, nocJle Y,lIapaI:\a TIPBo6wrno rrpasa
BJlaKHa Marepl<jaJla >f3Bl<he ce Ii ro y 3HaTHoj Mepl< (CJI. 192 a). OBO
I<3Bl1ja.a.e Hacraje Ha ,lIBa Mecra
I< ro rrpBO Ha rrpeJla3Y Bpara y
rJlasy I< APyro, 6J1J<3y roplbe no-
Bpllll<He rJlaBe. IIpBO Mecro >13-
Bl<jaa.a, Ha rrpeJla3y 1<3 Bpa<ra y
rJlaBY, ona'CHO je, jep ce Ha TOM
Mecry jaBJbajy HajBellli HarrOIlli
KOjl< ce y I<3BecHoj Mepl< Mory or-
KJlORl1r>l o,qrpeBalbeM rOTOB>I.X ,lIe-
JlOBa. OrKJIaa.albe OBe onaCHe
30He MO>Ke ce noCTIdlJ1 I< Ha APY-
rl< Ha'UfH Ha rrpecaMa ca ABa cryn-
lba - ,lIBOCTyTIHJ<M IIo-
cJle rrpBe YCReA Ae-
cpopMal.\J10He CI<Jle, aac-raje I< 1<3-
BeCHO ca61<jaFbe Bpara 3aK>I.BKa
(3asprlba). OBO Ca6J1jalbe J<,D;e Ha
pa<rYH Marepl<jaJla rJlaBe KOjJ1 jeA-
HJ<M, Ma Aa MaJIJ<M AeJlOM, YJla31<
y Bpar. IIollIro je KO,ll APyre one-
,lIecpopMal..\l<OHa C>!Jla Belia
Hero nOA npBe, ro he HacraT>! I<
Cn. 189. - .lI.Hjarpa .. \t nOKJ)eT3 e.n:eMeH3T3
npece npJ1Ka33He H3 WeMJ.1 en. 188
3a BpeMe re jOllI 1<3BeCHO ,!IaJbe ca6>1jaFbe Bpara. Marepl<jaJI,
KOjI1 je norpe6aH 3a OBO Apyro Ca61<jal-be, raKolje rrpeJla31< >f3 rJlaBe y
Bpar. ,ll;a 61< ce caAa orraCHa 30Ha >l3B>ljeHJ1X BJlaKaHa, Hac-raJIa nocJle
rrpBe YAaJbl<Jla ca Mecra. rrpeJla3a BpaTa y rJlasy, Bporn ce
rrocJle rrpBe onepal..\>lje MaJlO nOMepalbe pa,D;Hor rrpe,D;MeTa YAecao 3a
A)'>K>l.Hy h (CJI. 191 b) rj. 3a AY>KJ<HY Koja o,qrOBapa OROj 3arrpeMJ1Hl1
Koja he rrpl< APyroj Orrepal..\l1jl1 rrpeh>l Y Bpar. Ha raj Ha'D1a ce rrocJle
,qpyre onepal..\>lje 30Ha 113BI<ja.a.a BJlaKaHa, rj. 30Ha aajBeh>!.X RanOHa,
nOMepa BJ<llIe Ka YHYTpaOllbOCTJ< rJlaBe (CJI. 192 b) .
liIeMa paAa XJlaAHe ABoCTynHe rrpece Aara je Ha CJI.
193. MaTep>ljaJl 1 YBJla'lJ< ce KR03 qaypy 2. HOll{ 3 BpllIl< OTCeI:\a:Fbe Ma-
rep>rjaJla Ha norpe6ay AY>KI<HY, nocJle qera HapO'fJ1TJ< AP>Kaq ('Ha CJIJ<I..\l1
ce He BI<AJ<) npeHOC>! Marep>rjaJl npeA KaRyn 4 y KOjl< ce
168
en. 190. - XnaAJ-ta a YTOMa TCJCa npeca "HatebuT" - 6poj paAHHX npeAMeT3 (Tena
HaapTKJlI AD M 10) 83 Y MI1HYTI1, norOJ-ICK3 CHar3 6 k. s.
Ko" HelUlX npeca je KaJIyn ,lIBO,lleJIaH, WTO KOHCTPYKTI1BHO OJIaK-
waBa YMeTatbe MaTepl1jaJIa KOjH ce Ta,lla 60'fHO TIOMepa Ka OTBopeHHM
,IIeJIOBHMa KaJIyna. 0611'fHO je,!\Ha nOJIOBHHa KaJIyna CJI Y)K11 11 3a OTCe-
CJJ. 191. - <l>opMHpal-be rJlaBe 3 a KKBK3 11JUI 3 3 BpTlba ca ItBa YAapLta - a) nOCne
npBor, b) nOCJle IIPyror Yllapl.1a
qafbe l1 3a nOMepaJ-be MaTepl1jaJIa Ka ,lIpyroj nOJIOBJ1HI1. lbJ-IXOB He"o-
CTaTaK je Y TOMe WTO pacTaBql1 KaJIyna OCTaBJbajy Tpar Ha pa,!\HOM
npe,llMeTy. 360r Tora ce je"HO"eJIHl1 Ka.nynl1 ynOTpe6JbaBajy npl1 l13-
169
paW'! 3aKKBaKa, rAe je nOTpe6aa SPJIO 'mCTO 06pal)eaa rJIasa 6e3 'rpara
O,A paCTaBKa KaJIyna, Aa 611 rJIasa MOrJIa Ta'IHO HaJIell11 aa .IIHM npl1
3aK>IBalby Te TaKO 06e36e,!\l1T11 nOTpe6ao BaJIeralbe. ,n;SO,AeJIIDI KaJIYnl1
ynOTpe6.1basajy ce aapo'il1TO 3a 113Pa,Ay ,AyI"a'IKHX pa,AInfX rrpe,IIMeTa KOjl1
611 ce TelKe .136ar(11JIJ1 H3 je.l(I!O,AeJlHor Ka-
nyna, aapoQI1TO aKO je ,AyJIOIHa npeitMeTa
sella OA CeJPfOCTpyKOr npe'IHI1Ka MaTepl1-
ja.1Ja. 3a aeWTO Malbe AYJKI1He, aKO TO
.l103SO.IbaSa 06JIJ<K pa,AaOT npe,/\MeTa, MOge
ce H3 je.l(I!O,AeJIHor Karryna
OJIaKlllaTl1 ,AaSalbeM SPJIO Malle KOHH'lHo-
CTI1 spaTy.
IIOl11TO je MaTepl1jaJI, 611JIO aa je,Aaa
KJIJ1 .APyrl1 aa'!l1H, nOCTaS.lbeH y Kanyn,
aaCTaje pa):\HH XO,A npl1Tl1CKI1sa'la 5 npeMa
MaTepl1jaJIY. llpl1Tl1cKMsaq aJIaTe 3a
nps:v >I ,Apyry onepanl1jy. IIowTo je npl1-
Tl1CK>lBaq 113SPllJl10 pa,AHl1 XO.!l spaha ce
HaTpar, qera ce 60'IH0 nOMepa )1a
611 I1AYiu< aJIaT )10cneo y ocy MaTepl1ja; ta,
na ce 3aTIOf 06aB.lba .!IPYTl1 paAID! XO,A -
a)
bJ
c.:r. 192. - l1.3eKjaFbe smuwa U3-
T'pHj3n3 "pH cPoPMJ.fpafbY r.na.se
- a) MecTO K3B,KjaFb3 j e H3 npe-
JIa3y spaT3 y r.1aBY. b) 1-13-
BKjarba je .l.OnYHCKor K:pe-
Taiba M3TepHja.1a Ka
cpe,!{J1HJ1 rJI3Be
)1pyra onepaql1j a. TOMe cy 3a je)1aH p3,AH11 npeJl>feT norpe6Ha
)1Ba 06pTa Kpl11!aje. Ha C.i l. 193 weMaTCKI1 je npm<a3aHo aKcHj a.JlHO 11
60'IHO KpeTalbe npl1Tl1cK>lBaQa 5 pa)1l1 nOCTI13a1ba ,ABe onepanl1je.
XJIa,AHa aYTOMaTCKa npeca CHCTeMa ,;HatebuT" npeTCTas;ha Mo-
,Aepay 33 MaCOBBY npOH3BO,Alby pa3JIIf'lJfl'I1X pa,AHl1X npe)1-
MeTa. IIpeceK TaKse npece npl1Ka3aa je aa CJI. 194 a l13r.1Je,A aa c.n. 195.
Cn. 193. - m""a palla XJlal\He aYTOyaTCKe 1\B0000000e npece
KO)1 ose rrpece ce Kao MaTepl1jaJI ynOTpe6.1bBsajy npO<j>l1JIJ<caae
IIIl1IlKe l1JIJ< aBMOTaHa aa KOTypose. YBJIaqelbe MaTepl1jaJIa SpIIlli
ce ,ABa olK.lbe6.1beaa TO'IKa (SI1W'! )1eCIrn Aeo CJl. 195). Kao 11 KO)1
paHl1je npKKa3aIrnX npeca, 11 OSAe ce BpllIl1 npeMeillTalbe OTCeqeHOr
MaTepl1jaJIa y ocy KpeTalba npl1Tl1cKl1"saQa. Ha CJI. 194 )1aT je npeceK
MBIIlKae Kp03 pasaa npKTl1cK>lBaqa. KpeTalbe ce ca eJIeKTpoMoTopa
170
rrpeHOC>1 C je,/\He CTpaHe Ha 3yn'iaHl1.K 1 (c.n. 194) o,/\aK.ne ce npeHOC>1
Ha ,/\eCH>1 3ynqaH>1K 2 KOj>1 npeKo Kp>1eajHor MeXa.HM3Ma >1 .naK'TacTIIX
no.nyra npeHocH KpeTalbe Ha rrp>1T>1CK>1eaQ 3 y KOMe je CMenITeH a.naT
- 06JrHKa'i c. C ,/\"py re 'crpaHe npeHOC>1 ce KpeTalbe ca 3YJT'iaHHKa 1
rrpeKo 4 Ha 3y n'iaHHK 5 na ,/\aJbe npeKo KpKBajl-IOr MeXaHH3Ma H .naK-
TaCTHX no.nyra Ha K.n>13aQ 6 y KOMe ce Ha.na3H TaHK>1 rrpMTHCK>1Ba'l b.
Ji[3Meryy .neeor >1 .l\eCHOr np>1T>1CKKBa'ia Ha.na3>1 ce HenOKpeTaH Ka.nyn a.
en. 194. - XJl aAHa aYTOMaTCKa npeca CliICTeMa IIHatebuT"
Ha c.n. 196 npMKa3aHe cy pa3He cPa3e npl1 >13pa,/\>1 Talb>1paCTOr BeH-
TH.na Ha oeoj MaW>1HM. MaTepMja.n 9 (c.n. 196 a) y.na3>1 y MaWKHY ca ,/\e-
eHe cTpaHe napa.ne.nHo OC>1 a.naTa (r.ne.l\aHO 0,/\03ro) . IIpH ye.na'lelbY Ma-
Tep>1ja.n rrpo.na3H Kp03 .l\BOl\e.nHM npcTeH 2 Ha HenoKpeTHoM Hoca'IY a
Ka.nyna 8. IIpH .l\aJbeM nOMepalbY rrpo.na311 MaTepl1ja.n Kp03 APym ABO-
,/\e.nHJ1 npcreH 5 Ha KJrM3a'iY 6. IIpcTeHoBI1 2 11 5 I1rpajy y.nbiry HO)l{eea
3a OTCe.I.\albe Kao 11 CTe3aHa MaTep>1ja.na. IIowTO je ye.naQelbe MaTe-
pl1ja.na 3aBpweHo Hacraje OTCel.\albe. Ko.l\ oee MaWKHe rrpHMelbeH je
HapO'lI1T>1 npMHl.\Hn OTCel.\alba. )la 6H ce npM OTCel.\albY ,/\06>10 lllTO 'i11-
CTJ1j11 rrpeceK, epW>1 ce ycel.\albe MaTepMja.na y jeAHoM cMepy a 3aTl1M
3aBpWHO OTCel.\albe y APyroM. PaAM Tora ce K.n113a'i 6 (BM,l\M Cpe,/\"lbM >1
AOlbM Aeo c.n. 196 a) npBO Kpehe 3a Ma.ny BpeAHocr y je,/\HoM cMepy rrp>1
'leMY ce Bpllll1 ycel.\aH>e, a 3aTl1M ce BPWM OTcel.\aH>e y .l\"PyroM cMepy.
IIowTO je MaTepKja.n OTCe'ieH, KJrH3a'i 6 ,/\OBO,l\M MaTepl1ja.n npe,/\ Ka.nyn
8 (c.n. 196 b), r,/\e ce :v6al.\yje. IIoc.ne y6al.\MBatba epaha ce KJrI13a'l 6 YHa-
3a,/\, a rrpWI'MCKHea'i b Kpel;.e ce HaAeCHO rypajyl;.M rrpeA C060M OTce-
'leHM Ji[cTOepeMeHO ca KpeTalbeM rrp>1TMCKKBa'ia b HaAeCHO,
Kpehe ce M rrpWI'M=ea'i 3 Ha.neeo, TaKO Aa MaTepMja.n y.na3H K y
Ka.nyn C rrpWI'I1:CK>1Sa'ia (c.n. 196 c) rAe je rrpwr>1CHYT ca 06e CTpaHe.
Ha c.n. 196 d nO'lHlbe ca611:jalbe MaTepKja.na Ha C.n060,1:(HOM Ae.ny. C.n.
196 e 11 f npl1:Ka3yjy .uaJbe cPa3e Ca611:jalba, npl1: 'leMY ce '11: jeAaH 11:
ApyrM rrpKT>1CKHea'i Kpel;.y. Ha c.n. 196 g 3aycTaeJbeHO je KpeTalbe rrpM-
T>1C1{J1:Ba'ia b, AOK ce np>1T>1CKKBa'i 3 jOlil Ma.no Kpehe Aa rrOTITYHor ,1:(0-
J\"KPa ca Ka.nynoM 8 Aajylm TaKO MaTepMja.ny ,/\ecPKHI1:TMeaH 06JrKK.
3aTI1:M Hacraje- Bpal;.albe 11 H .l\"PYTor npI1:TKCK>1ea'ia, rrpK 'leMY
H36al.1>1eaQ 7 >136al.\yje rOToe KOMaA M3 Ka.nyna C (c.n. 196 h). IIoc.ne oeor
HacTaje Hoe pa,/\"HH rrpOl.\ec.
Ha aYTOMaTcKoj rrpeC>1 "Hatebw"" Mory ce M3paryKBaTI1: 'laype,
Te.na 3aepTlbeBa 11: HaepTKH Kao ' >1 pa3HH .l\"Pyrl1: pa,l\'H11 npeAMeT>1 pa-
3.n11:'i>1TOr 06JT11'Ka >1 TO 6e3 OTna,!(aKa.
en. 195. - aYTOMUTCK3 npeca " Hat ebur" - 6poj paAlu1 x npeAMeTa (HajBehe ,uY}!{llIIC 120 mm, Hajeeker
;flIIKa M3TepJlljaJlH 17 mm 38 '-remliK) AO 92 Y MIHIYTH, nOrOHCK<1 CHara 6 -:- 8 k. s.
>-"
...,
>-"
172
AYTOMaTCl{a ,l\BocryTIHa npeca npeMa CJI. 197 cJly2K:H 3a o6pa,l\e
M3BJlaqeFba M caBMjaloba pa,l\HMx npe,l\MeTa O,l\ JIMMa. Ma-
llJMHa MMa ,l\Ba rrpMTMCKMBa'!a. I1oMepalobe TpaKe BpillM ce rroMohy ,l\Ba
O)KJhe6JheHa TOqKa KOj M ce HaJIa3e Ha 3a,l\loboj CTpaHM MaIllMHe (CJI .
- - b)

0 1 I/.
5S 8;-
/.
c)
d)
en. 196. - Pa3He cpa3e pa,ll,a npece CI1CTeMa "H atebur" nOKa3aHe Ha npJ.1Mepy
J.13pa ,tte BeHTJ1JIa
198), a qMjM ce pa3MaK Kao M 6p3KHa OKpeTaH>a Mory nO,l\ellJaBaTM.
I10IllTO MaIllMHa aMa ,l\Ba npMTMCKMBaqa, TO ce Mory MCTOBpeMeHO pa-
,l\MTM ,l\Ba pa,l\Ha npe,l\MeTa, MJlM npM CJlO>KeHMjMM npe,l\MeTaMa ,l\Be one-
npM qeMY npBM rrpMTMCKMBa'l pa,l\M npBY a ,l\PY'rM .lIPYTY orre-
173
PaI.\l'Ij y YKOJlliKO j e nOTPe6aH sellli 6poj 0,1( ,!{Be, MOJKe ce
TpaKa, 3a KOj y cy He,l(OSpweIDI pa,l(Ifl1 npe,l(MeTI1 jow Se3aHl1, ,l(sa I1Jrn
SmIle n yTa nponycTI1TI1 Kp03 MallI11Hy.
Cn. 197. - XJIa,llHa aYTOMaTCK3 .l{sOcTym-m npeca "Joh1t- a Chappuis" - MaKCl1"d3JIHa
Ol1Ia Ha jeAl:fO;\1 npl1THcKIIISal.Jy 20 TOHa, XO)l 50 mm, 5poj o6pTa Kpl1saj e 80"";"' 100+120
a/ min, l-mj Beha Wl'lpl1Ha TpaKe 80 mm, HajBeha ,I\e6Jbt'IHa TpaKe 3 mm, norOHCKa
CI-ta r a 4 k. s.
3a 113SJla'leJ-be paAHI1X npe,l(MeTa y Sl1ll1e OnepaI.(11j a, y nOTpe6Jha-
saj y ce MHoroCTynHe npece npeMa CJl. 1.g9. OHe npeTCTaBJhaj y SI1COKO
ycaspweHe aYT01l1aTcKe MaWI1"He 3a MaCOSHY npOH3S0AJ-bY Ae-
Jl OBa Oll JII'ma. n O csoj oj 11 norOHCKOM MeXaID[31>' y CJlJ1-
'[He cy KOJleHaCTl1M npecaMa. MaTepHjaJl ce aYTOMaTcKI1 YBJla'fH y Ma-
llIJrny nOMoily CI1CTe"a SaJhaKa llJlI1 CTera. 3a AaJhY 06pa,/(y HenOTITYBO
06palj eHI1x lIeJlOsa y noTpe6Jhasa ce 11 peSOJlBepCIGl CTO, a 3a 06paAY
174
Ha'CJla raHMX t(eJlOBa Ot( JlMMa HaJla3M n pMlIl eH)" 11 HapO'1I1Tl1 Ba3AYI.lIHM
y pe!)aj 3a YCl1CaBal-be HaCJlaraHOr MaTepMja.na. [10WTO je 6poj MorylHlx
OnepUl1j a Ha OBOj MaWHHl1 t(OCTa BeJl l1Kl1, '1'0 npOMeHa 06JI l1K8 "aTe PM-
jaJla np'" npeJla3y ca j t(He onepali l1j e Ha t(pyry Mome 611'1'11 t(OCTa 6J1a-
r a, Te Hl1j e nOTpe6HO rpejmbe l13Me!)y nojet(>lHl1 X onepaUHja. TIPl1 CBa-
KOM X<lt(y MaWl1He A0611he ce j et(aH nO'l' nYHO 3aBpweH pat(Hl1 npet(MeT.
Mal-be npece OBor ntna >lMaj y y pel)aj 3a t(pmaH,e JI"IMa ca onpyroM,
t(OK ce 3a cpet(I'be 11 BeJHI Ke npece npl11ll el-by j y Ba3t(YUJHH y pel)ajl1.
eJ1. 198. - 3 a,zV'bH J.13 r JIe,ll, i\JaWHHe npeM3 en. 197 ca T01.JKOBHMa 3 a ysnal.J efDe
i\-taTepHj aJI a
Y OKBl1P XJl at(HMx aY'I'OMaTCKMx npeca cnallaj y M cneUl1jaJlHe
npece 3a pallOBe MCTMCIOlBalha.
3a 06pailY l1CTMCKI1Balh!'M ce Mory KOPMC'I'MTM H YHMBep3aJlHe
rrpece YKOJll1KO j e Y ITMTal-bY M a J l ~ 06>rM npOM3BOAl-be. Oil YHMBep3aJl-
Hl1X MeXaHl1',KMX rrpeca HaJla3e npMMeHy eKcueHTapCKe, JlaKTaCTe M
KOJIeHaCTe npece. K ao rJIaBHe KapaKTepMCTMKe OBMX np&a cpwrypMlllY
MaKC"'MaJIHa CMJIa MCTMCKI1Bal-ba, paCnOJIQ)KMBM MeXaHl1"1KM pall M XOII
rrpMT/1CKI1Ba"la, nopet( 6poja xOt(OBa y MHHyTM. MaKCMlI,aJIHa J\03BOJbeHa
CMJIa MCTMCKMBal-ba jeJ\HaKa je
Fd = C td, rJ\e je
c [kg/mm] - ""PYTOCT rrOCTO.Jba M norOHCKor MexaHM3Ma,
fd [mm] - 1I03BOJbeHa ' eJIaCTM"IHa J\ecpopMaL(J1ja rrpece.
MaKCMMaJIHa C/1JIa F d MeXaHM"IKe npece t(OCTI'}Ke ce rrpM6JIJ1)I{HO
rrpM rrOJIO>Kajy 'Kp>lBaje Ot( 30 McnpeJ\ J\ol-be Mp<rBe <ra'IKe. 3a oBaj rro-
JIo>Kaj KpM8aje npopa"lyHaBajy ce rrorOHCKM eJIeMeHTl1 npecc (crrojHMua,
BpaTMJIO 11 J\p.) rrpeMa 06PTHOM MOMeHTY KOjM ce J\06Mja M3 MaKCMMaJIHe
Cl1JIe F d YBel'laHe 3a 25% npeonTepehelha. TIOlllTO ce KOIJ. MexaHM"KMX
175
npe ca rope HaBe,11eHJ-IX 1'HITOBa CHJIa npHTHCKI1Ba'la Mel-ba y 3aB>l'CHOCTH
0,11 nOJIO>Ka ja KpHBaje, 1'0 ce MaKCHMaJIHa CHJl a nOC1'I1)Ke caMO Ha je,11HOM
Mal-be M ,11eJIY XO,11a ; Y OBOM norJIe.!l Y c y KOJIeHaCTe 11 eKCL\eH1'apCKe npece
nOBolbHHje 0,11 JIaK1'aCTl1X. Y norJlef-\.Y 11CKopHwherba MaKCl1MaJIHe CHJIe
nOBolbHHje cy XH,11paYJII1'1He npece KO,11 KOjl1X je CHJIa npHTHCKI1.Ba l-ba
IWHCl'aH'I'Ha 3 a L\eJIO Bpe Me XO,11a npec e (113Y3eB Ha Kpaj eBI1111a) ; 0 l'b l1Ma
he 6H1'H rOBopa KacHHje.
J Cn. 199. - M HorocTym-ta aYToM3TcKa npeca " HHo" - 6poj pa,!:tHHx npe.llr-.'teTa
y M"I HYTi'1 ~ 40
Y norJI eAY 6p3 HHe ,11 e cpopMJ1Cal-ba MeXaHH'IKe npece, 360r rrpOMeH-
JbUBOCl'H 6p3 l1"He 3a BpeMe xOAa npI1TI1CKI1Ba 'la, HHCY nOBOlbHe. B1'3HHa
,11ecpopMHCa}ba paC'l' e OA Hy JIe y roplhoj MPTBOj Ta'lL\H ,110 CBora MaKCI1-
MYMa, npH6JI.M>KHO Ha nOJIOBI1HH X O,11a , a 3a1'J1M ona,11a' ,110 HyJIe y ,110lhOj
MP1'BOj 1'a'I LU1. IIo w1'O npl1:1'HCKI1Ba 'l ,110 Jla3 11: ,110 ,110,11Hpa ca MaTepHja-
JIOM npl1:6JII1:jI{HO Ha no.nOBHHJ1 XO,lla, TO HacTaje npl1: ,110,ll11py aJIaTa ca
MaTepl1:j a JIOM y ,11a p BeJIl1KOM 6P3 HHOM, lllTO He nOBOlbHO y TI1:'1e Ha nOCTO-
jaHoCT aJIaTa . J>13BeCHo y 6JI a >Ka Ba l-be nOCTI1:>Ke ce yrpa,11FbOM aMO[)TH-
3 e pa (xl1:,llpa YJII1'IHOr HJII1 Me XaHI1:'IKor c a onpy rOM) KOjl1: y6JIa>KaBa npBI1:
,110,1111:1' aJIaTa ca MaTe1'HjaJIOM H KOjl1: MO>Ke TaKBl1"M CBOjl1M ,11ejcl'BoM ,11a
' noBeha nOCTojaHOC1' a JIaTa 3 a 1,5 ,11 0 3 nyTa. Ko,ll x>lApaYJI>I'IHHX rrpeca
176
je 6p3KHa RpeTal-ba KOHCTaHTHa, I13Y3ea Ha rro'leTKY '"
Ha Kpajy xO,l\a, '" CTora cy oae npece y norJIeAY nocTojaHocTw aJIaTa
nOaOJbH",j e O,l\ MeXaHI1'IKKX.
Bpoj XO,l\oaa y MI1Hyr'" MeXaH11'fIG!X rrpeca M3HOCM 50 ,l\0 150 3a
npece, 5 ,l\0 20 (113Y3eTHo 40) 3a KOJIeHaCTe npece '" 15
,l\0 60 3a JIaKTaCTe rrpece.
npece 3a MCT"'ClUfBal-be ynOTpe6Jbaaajy ce npM aeJ\11-
KOj 3axTeaaHoj np0,l\YKTMBHOCT"'. 0ae npece O,l\JIH!Cyjy ce noce61rnM
ypeljajHMa 3a ,l\oao,l\ 11 0,l\B0,l\ MaTepHj'aJIa !Cao M ypeljajeM 3a
MaTepHjaJIa Y KaJIyn, TaKO ,l\a ce CSM nORpeTM 06aaJbajy ayrOMaTCKM.


'"
1
'10
30
20
to
0
5
r
,
/r{";q _ _
0.30 0.20 0, to 0
'10

30.!,
20
1
to
0
0
)'0 100 1.f0 <'00
- - f [t)
CJI. 200. - IIpJ.fHL{J1n palla '" lI>!jarpaM>I c>lJle >I 6p3J<He 3a JlaKTacry npecy
3a MCTHCKMBaFbe
MaurnHe oaor TMna cRa6,l\eaeHe cy CPPMKI:\"MOHOM cnojHl1l.\OM Kao '" KO-
'fHKl.\OM. .-/
CJI. 200 np"'Ka3yje npl1Hll"'n pa,l\a je,l\He npece 3a
"'CT"'ClGfBaa.e Ha rrpl1Hl..\11TTY JIaKTaCTHX npeca Kao '" ,lIMjarpaMe 3aa",-
CHOCTM MaKCHMaJlHe C"'JIe O,l\ xO,l\a (JIea", ,l\eo CJ\11Ke) 11 6p3"'He np"'TH-
CKMBa'la O,l\ XO,l\a (,l\eCR'" ,l\eo CJ\11Ke).
IIope,l\ npeca rrpOCTor ,l\ejCTaa HaJIa3e 3a MCTl1'CKMBaIbe np"'Meay
'" npece ,l\aOCTpYKOr M smneCTpYKor ,l\ejCTaa Koj e cy eKOHOMM'lHe caMO
np", SeJ\11KOM 06HMY npOJ13aO,l\1e.
TOnJIe aYTO.M.aTCKe npece. JJ;a 6M ce Ha aYTOMaTClU1M npecaMa
MOrJI'" "'3patiwaaT'" '" aeK", pa,l\H'" npe,l\MeTl1 ca aefil1M
OTnopoM, apw", ce npeTXo,!{HO 3arpeaal-be MaTepMjaJIa. CaMO 3arpeaal-be
apwM ce HJ\M y HapO'iI1TMM nefil1Ma 3a npeTxo,l\Ho Ha ,l\pyroj MaurnHM
OTCe'leHe KOMa,l:(e MJ\J1 ce kao KO,l\ MO,l\epHHX MaWJ-1Ha SpWM 3arpeaal-be
y caMoj MaWMHW eJIeKTp"''IHHM nyTeM, TaKO ,l\a ce MaTep",j aJI He .Mopa
npeTXO,l\HO cehl1.
Ko,l:( TOnJ\HX aYToMaTcKMX npeca (Kao 11 KO,l\ XJIa,l\'HI1X) ,l\06Hja ce
)l(eJbeH'" 06JI"'K pa,l\HOr npe,l\lMeTa yrJIaaHOM ca6",jal-beM Tal-ber MaTepl1-
177
jaJla. IIpe>rMyliC1'Bo OBaKBOr Ha .... fHa paAa, rAeroA ce OH MO>Ke npHMe-
HWr"" MCnOJbaBa ce y Kpa1'KOM paAHOM BpeMeHy.
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9"'l/Jopt1al(lI.ONa ell/la F y tlJoNaNa
CJJ, 201. - ,l(HjarpaM npeMB Zscheile-y 38 M3HanameJ-be nO'Dpe6He .ztY>KWl-le MaTe-
pliIjaJIa I>t OTnopa .necpopMa4Hje np"l TonnOM ca6KjaJ-bY
KOA aY1'OMa1'CK"'X npeca ce, 3a pa3J1MKy OA 'IeKMha, AecpopMl1Caa.e
Ma1'epMjaJla BPW'" MROro Maa.OM 6P3MROM, 1'e ce npM npopa'iyHy 01'nO-
pa MO>Ke pa'lYHa1'M caMO ca CTa1'l1'!KMM ca6Mjaa.eM, AClK
ce AMRaMJ1'fKO MO>Ke 3aHeMapM1'H. 3a 6p30 H3HaJla>Kel-be Kpajl-ber 01'no-
12 Malllt.1He an3TKe
178
pa MO>Ke ce KOPMCTWI'M I1MjarpaM npeMa Zscheile- y (CJI.
201), KOjM oMoryfiaBa M3HamUKe!-be oTnopa l1ecpopMaI.\Mje Kao 11 no-
Tpe6ae MaTepMjaJIa M TO 3a pa3He npeceKe MaTepl1jaJla.
Sl1ljeH je OKpY'rao, oCMoyramrn, wecToyraoHM M KSMpaTHM npeceK, WTO
je jep ce MaTepMjaJl Ha Ton.JI11M aYTOMaTClUIM npecaMa 05w-IH0
rrpel1BMl}a caMO ca OBaKBMM YnoTpe5a l1>rjarpaMa 5Mfie
05jatllibeHa Ha je,ll'HOM npMMepy. 011 MaTepMjaJla C. 37.11 (rrpeMa JUS-y
C. 0345) npe'JH>rKa 80 rnm Tpe5a ca6MjaJ-beM Ha TeMneparypM 011 1100
1105JITM TeJlO npe'JH>rKa 200 mm a BMC>rHe 20 mm rpeja-
Fha He Tpe6a l1a 5Yl1e MCnOI1 900 C). Tpa>KM ce nOTpe5Ha I1Y>KMHa Ma-
TepMj aJIa, Kao M Kpaj!-b>r l1ecpopMal.\MOHM oTnop. Y l1eJlY l1l1ja-
rpaMa Tpa>KM ce y XOp"30HTaJIHOM pel1Y, KOjM ol1rOBapa oKpyrJIOM Ma-
TepMjaJIY, npe'l.HMK 200 mm. }b Te Ta<.fKe nOBJIa<.fM ce BepTMKaJIa 110
npeceKa ca XOpM30HTaJIOM M3 BMCMHe 011 20 mm. Jib TaKO 110511jeHe
npece'fHe Ta'fKe nOBJIa<.fM ce npasa napaJIeJIHa KOCMM JI>rHwjaMa 11 TO
npeceKa ca sepTMKaJlOM Koja nOJla3M 011 rrpe'fHMKa MaTepl1jaJla 011
80 rnm. TaKo npece'fHa Ta<.fKa ol1pel}yje XOp>r30HTaJIY, Koja
aa JleBoj CTpaHM I1MjarpaMa l1aje Tpa>KeHy BI1CI1HY OI1HOCHO ,!1'y>KM"Hy Ma-
Tepl1jaJla 011 125 mm. ,lIecpopMal.\MOHI1 oTnop ol1pel}yje ce npeMa OI1Hocy
d
h' OBaj 0IJiHOC ce HaJIa3M y 3aBMCHOCTM 011 06J1>rKa MaTepMjaJIa nOCJIe
ca5MjaFha (TeJlO ca BeHu:eM, TeJIO MTI1.); OH ,ce ol1pel}yje Ha
Ha'IMH nOKa3aH y nOrJIaBJbY "TeopHja 05pal1e 6e3 pe3aJ-ba". HeKa je
y OBOM rrpM"Mepy Taj OI1HOC 8. Ha 1100-beM l1eJIY I1vrjarpaMa Ha 0Pi111HaTHoj
d
OCI1 Tpa>K1'! ce Bpel1HOCT h = 8 a y py6Pl11.\H Koja ol1rOBapa 3al1aToj
TeMnepaTypM ca6l1ja!-ba 011 1100
0
IIoBJla'te!-beM XOp"30HTaJle M3 Te
Ta'tKe 110 npeceKa ca BepT>rKaJIOM Koja Ol1rOBapa Kpaj!-beM npe'fHMKy
MaTepl1jaJla 011 200 mm 1106>rhe ce npeCe<.fHa Ta<.fKa M3 Koje ce nOBJIa'fM
npaBa napaJIeJIHa KOCMM OBa Koca rrpaBa oTceh>rhe Ha l1e-
CHOM .qO!-beM l1eJIY Bpe,ll'HOCT 0PI1.I1HaTe 011 430 TOHa, Koja npeTCTaBJba
-rpa>Kerry ICpaj!-by l1ecpopMal.\l'!oHY CMJIY.
Pal1 jel1He TOnJle aYTOMaTCKe n ece 3a M3pal.\y TeJIa 3aBpT!-beBa
rrpl1Ka3aH e LUeMaTCKM Ha CJI. 20 . IIpeTXOI1HO OTCe<.feHI1 I'! 3atrpeJaHI'!
MaTepMj aJI y6aI.\Yje ce y l.\BOl1eJIHM KaJIyrr 1, KOjl'! ra CTe>Ke. 11lecTo-
yraoHI'! OOJI'>rK rmlBe nOCTaje l1ejcTBoM <.feTKpM <.felG1ha') KOjl1 ce Kpehy
y paBH.l1 rJIaBe 3aSp1'!-ba, 110K <.feorry nOBpLUl11lY 05pal}yje XOpM30HTaJlHM
<.felllih- rrpMTMCKl1Ba't 4. 'IeKMhl1 2,2 M 3,3 Ha113MeHYr<.fHO Yl.\apajy rJlaBY
11 TO cy <.feKl1fil1 3,3 y 110i1'l1PY ca MaTepl1jaJIOM, 'teKl1ftl1 2,2 cy 113-
MaKHYTM (CJI. 203) nOWTO je Wl1pMHa 'leKJ1ha Befta 011 Ol1roBapajyhe
uD!pl1He 110Tl1'fHe CTpaHe rJIaBe l1a 511 ce 110511JIe 'fl1CTe l1Bl1l.\e. Pel1
nojei1>rH11x 'leKl1'ha je, aa 03HaKaMa npeMa CJI. 202, CJIel1ehl1:
4 - (2,2) - (3,3) - (2,2) - 4 MTI1. IIpeMa TOMe npBO Yl1apa <.feOHM
<.feKHh 4, rrdcJIe 'tera ce 1.\11JI11H'l1pM<.fHa rJl a B,a , IIocJIe O;D;Ml1l.\a1-ba
OBor <.feKMha Yl1apajy 50<.fHM <.feK>rhM 2,2 110K cY 3,3 nocJIe
BpahaJ-ba <.felUlha 2,2 Yl1apajy <.feKl1PIM 3,3 a 3aTWM aneT 2,2. OBM"M ce
3aBpWaBa 05PT KpJ1Baje Mallll1He. IIoCTynaK ce npM cJIel1eheM
05PTY nOHaBJba. 3a jel1aH pa',lI'HM npel1MeT nOTpe6Ho je HeKOJl>rKO 05pTa
Kpl1Baje,
I) QBa MaWIUla je yapwheH3 y peA npeea, Ma A3 I1Ma '-IeKl1he 33 c:popMJ1pal"be
rnase, nOWTO je .ltecj:>opMal,(J.ofOH3 6p3111Ha y 0AHOCY Ha MeXaHU"'IKe t.IeKJllhe jI,'latba.
179
llleMa jeWle TOnJle ayroMBTcKe npece ca qenrpH qeKHha np>lKa-
3aHa j e Ha CJl. 204. r OptbH ,lIeo nplfKa3yje 113rJle,ll ca c-rpaHe, !10K ' ,lIO>MI
H3rJle,ll 0,ll03ro. Kpl1BajHI1 MexaHll3a"" nOKpehe npeKO Kmmtba'l e A KJTJ<-
3a'l B. Ca roptbe c-rpaHe KJll13a'la (BM,lI11 Ha CJl>r1.(11 113r Jle,ll ca CTpaHe)
npl1KJbyqeH je CI1CTeM nonyra KOjl1 nOKpehe ropl-bl1 qeKMh C . .uOtba
CTpaHa KJlM3aqa, Koja ce Ha CJl l1.l.(M He BI1,!1H, I1CTa j e Kao 11 r opl-ba ca
HCT>rM CHCTeMOM nOJlyra 3a nOKpeTatbe ,lIOFber qeKHfl a. EoqHJ< qeK>rhM
D (BH,l\11 Ha CJl I1I.(M H3rJle,!l 0,ll03ro) nOKpehy ce CJl H<fHI<M no-
} - -8-.
V
3
en. 202. - illCM3 pa.n.3 aYTOM3TCKe npece
33 Ten3 3 3apTJbeB3, ca <'l eTJ1Pl-l '-I e KltIha
en. 20 3. - Clri CTeM OA 1.l eTHPH
Ll eKMha 33 q,opMHpatbe w ecToy raoHc
rn3SC
Jl y ra. I1Pll OKpeTaHbY KpHBaje, KJllffilbaqa A nOKp ehe KJllf3aq B, KOjl1
npeKO CMCTeMa nOJTy ra nOKpehe eBa qeT>rpH qeKHha, ,!10K ce qeOHH
qelO1h - npHTI1CKJ1Baq HaJTa3H Ha 'ieOHoj nOBpur>rHH KJllf3aqa. Clf-
CTeM nOJlyra 3a nOKpeTatbe 'IeKMha TaKO je TIO,!leweH, ,lIa TIpH je,llHOM
tL:5eJiC'l ca Cti1,llOHC'
B
2
:1
Wi!/leg Og0320
en. 204. - lllel\13 aYTOM3TCKe Tonne npece 33 W3pa.n.y Tcn3 33apTtbeS3,
ca '-Ien1pJlI '-IcKl1fia
06pTy Kpl1Baje BeprlfKaJTHH 'ieKlfhI< C 06aBJbaj y je,!la'H paJ,l\HH H je,llaH
TIOBpaTHH XO,ll, ,lI0K 60'iHJ1 qeKllftH D 06aBJbajy TIO ,lIBa pa,llHa H no-
BpaTHa XO,ll'a. EpojeBI< Ha CJT. 204 03HaQyjy nOJlo>Kaje noje,lllfH'>fX np>r-
KJbY'i ... I<X TaqaKa y 3aBHCHOCTI1 O,!l nOJlo>Kaja Kpl1Ilaje.
12"
180 .
n
(elJI.
H 'IeKH]>.a KaO
w eCT 'IeKl1ha
Y BelutHH CJTY'I aj eBa ce KOA MaWl1Ha ca 'I elOl hHMa nOJlyre 3a no-
KpeTaFbe 'IeKwha He Be3yjy 3a KJl H3a'l Kao Ha CJI . 204, Beh ce "rCTe no-
Kpehy nOMohy 6per aCTHx nJl o'l a Se3aHYIX 3a KJTH3a'l. T >rMe ce nOCTH>Ke
Cn. 205. - CHcTeM 011 weCT qeKI<ha 3a
cpoplI.Ulpafbe wecToyraoHe rnase
Moryr. Hoc1' MeJ-baFba XOAa l{JTH-
3a'l a. q eKl1hH 1'aAa MHpy j y
npl1 Haj seheM AeJlY XOAa KJTH-
3a'la B, a c1'ynaj y HarJlO y
AejCTso KaAa j e l1>>rXosa one-
pal(11j a Ha peAY
Y H>rBep3aJI.He aY1'oMa1'cKe
npece 3a TOnJTY 06paAY pa3J1W-
'IHTI1X paAHI1X npe,AMeTa T3S.
MaWHHe 3a KOSal-be, 06paljyjy
MaTepl1j aJl y SHAY wYlnJ(e HJIW
OTCe'leHI1X Kao norOH-
elm :vrexaHH3aM CJly >KH Mexa-
HYl 3aM KpJ,fSaje (CJI . 206) . Ma-
WHHa j e lXopvr30HTaJTHa Aa 6H
ce 11 Ay>Ke urvrnKe MOrJle Ha
csojoj 'IeoHoj ca-
6111'H. IIPH ca6l1jaJ-by ce MaTe-
pl1.iaJl CTe:>Ke 1I13Meljy 'IeJbYCTI1
CTe3a'la. 611 ce MaTepl1jaJT nopeA Aeti>opMl1cal-ba Ha 'IeoHoj CTpaHYI
Aeti>opMMcao J,f 60'iliO, TO CI1J1a CTe3al-ba' CTe3a'la Mopa 6J,fTJ,f BPJlO BeJlJ,fl{a
11 CKOPO AOCT>r>Ke CYrJl y ca611jal-ba YCJleA AejcTsa npwrl1CKHSa'la. Ha
CJT. 206 BI1A"" ce CI1CTeM nOJTyra KOjl1 CJTy >KYr 3a CTe3al-be CTe3a'la 1.
Ta'lKe A, B J,f C cy 06pTHe Ta'l Ke nOJTyra. Ha Jlesoj CTpaHI1 CJrWKe SHAe
ce nOJTyre npH OTBOPeHOM nOJTo}Kajy CTe3a'la, AOK je ca AeCHe CTpaHe
npYfKa3aH 3aTBOpeHJ,f CTe3a'l . BHAH ce Aa cy npl1 3aTBOpeHOM nOJTo:>Kaj y
CTe3a'la nocJleA]-be nOJTYTe XOpH30HTaJTHe Tj . HcnpaSJbeHe; OBO oMory-
haBa Yf3a3V1BaJ-be BeJTHKe CHJTe C1'e3al-ba. IIOKpeTal-be nOJTyra CTe3a'la
BPWJ,f npI1THCK>rBa'l npece. IIoJlyra, 06pTHa OKO Ta'!Ke C, caCTojJ,f ce H3
ABa AeJTa KOjYf cy cnoj eHH 3aSpTJ-beM 2. Dsaj 3aBpTal-b cJTY:>KVI Kao OCJ,f-
rypa'l MaurnHe a KHAa ce y cJTY'laj y npeonTepehel-ba.
CJT. 207 npl1!Ka3yj e H3r JleA XopH30r-n:aJlHe MaWl1He 3a KOBaJ-be npe
Ma CJI. 206. Ha ce BI1AH AH3aJlIDla paAI1 JlaKWer Baljel-ba aJlaTa.
aJbH KopaK Ka aYTOMa1'H3aqHjH paAa Ha aYToMaTCKYfM ecaMa
n eTCTaBJbaj y eJleKTpH aWYLHe 3a ca l1]aFbe MaTepHjaJla, KOA KO'HX
ce 3arpeBal-be lIfBTePH]aJla BP= eJleKTpW-lH>rM ny'FeM. a CJI. 8 npvr-
Ka 3aH je npYfHl.{l1.n eJleKTp"!'IHe MalUHHe 3a ca611jalbe MaTepHjaJla CH-
CTeMa }Giacchino" . MaTepHjaJl 1 y BHAY WI1.ITKe YMehe ce H3Meljy ABa
K.JlYlna KOjYl ce HaJla3e y l..\HJlHHAPHMa 3. KJlHnOSYI xHApaYJrW'IKYIM ny-
TeM CTe:>KY MaTepYljaJl . MaTepHj ilJl a 6J1Y13Y CBor JTeBOr Kpaja 06y-
xBaKeH j e ca 1'pl1 nJlo'le 4, 5, 6 (SI1AYl H ropFbH Aeo CJI. 208). DBe nJlo'le
Kao YI JleBYI KJlVfn 2 Be3aHvr cY 3a H3BOP eJleKTpYI'IHe eHeprnje, Ta'KO Aa
Kp03 Aeo MaTepHj aJla Yr3Meljy OBor KJ1J1T1a H nJlo'la 4, 5, 6 Te'!e CTpyja
181
B
fl
c.,. 206. X OpH30HTa.nHa :\raWHHa 3a KOBaH:>e
C.l. - Jf3r.le.:t XOpH30HTa:1He 33 KOBaIbe' ,.Schiess- Defries"
182
Koja Taj Aeo 3arpeBa (CJI. 208 a). IIOlllTO je AOCTl-IrHYTa oAToBapajyfia
TeMfIepaTypa (Hanp. 1000), Kpehe ce no.1\ npHTl-ICKOM .1\eclUI KJTYm 2
HaJleBO 3a AYJKKHY x, npl-l 'IeMy ce 3arpejaHJ< Aeo MaTepl-Ij aJla cafulja
(CJI. 208 b). TeMnepaTypa 3arpeBal-ba MaTepJ-ljaJla MOJKe Aa ce pery-
JII-tllle. ,n:a 6H ce A06l-1o >KeJbeHl-I 06J1HK rJlaBe, Aaje ce l-I JleBOM KJlHny
KpeTalbe YJleBO 3a AYJKI1.Hy y a.JDI Mal-bOM 6P3miOM (CJI. 208 c). IIpl-l Kpe-
Ta:a.y KJIilllOBa KJll-I3H MaTepHjaJl l-I3Meljy eJleKTpOAa 4, 5, 6 Te ce CBe
BefiH Aeo MaTepHjaJla 3arpeBa. CJI. 208 d npHKa3yje Aa.IbH TOK ca6H-
jaIba MaTepHjaJla. YCJleA KpeTal-ba H JleBOr KJlHlla O,qROCHO eJleKTpOAe
Melba ce Meljyc061U1 O.1\HOC npl-tTHCKa, l'eM'l1epaType Kao H 6p3HHe ca-
6Hjalba, Te ce Ha Taj Ha,{HH Mory A06"'TH H pa3HH 06JI>Il.\H Pa!,lJ;HHX npeA-
MeTa Kao npeMa CJI. 209.
en. 208. - I1pHH:QHn paAa eneKTpWIHe MalllJolHe 3a
ca6Jt1"jatbe MaTepJllj ana Cl1CTeMa "Giacchino"
IIOTnyHo aYToMaTcKa TonJla npeca CHCTeMa " Hatebu?'" ca eJleK-
TPWfHHM 3arpeBalbeM MaTepHjaJla je Ha CJI. 210. KOA OBe
rrpece ce MaTepHjaJl nOMohy TO'llOlfia YBJla'IH y npecy .110 rpaHwm:m<a.
3aTl-tM ce Bpllll1 OTCel.\al-be, nocJle '{era ce OTCe'IelUl Aeo MaTepHjaJla
y6al.\yje y j eAaH 0.1\ TpH oTBopa peBOJlBepCKe rJlaBe (CJI. 211) . 3arpe-
BaFbe MaTepHjaJl a eJleKTpI-f'IHOM CTPyjOM BHCOKe cj:>peKBeHl.\Hje BP= ce
Ha AeJlY H3Meljy TO,{KHha 3a YBJla'Ielbe ypeljaja 3a OTCel.Ialbe.
PaA npece npl1Ka3aH je Ha npHMepy H3paAe K.JDIna 3a MOTope fCJI. 212).
Onep8.l.\l1je l-t3paAe cy cJleAehe:
1) OTCel\al-be MaTepl1jaJla (Hl1j e
n peTCTaSJbeHO Ha CJl>Il<>r)
2) y6al\11sarbe y OA KaJl Y-
na pesOJlSepCKe r JlaBe
3) ca611j afbe
4) H36al\I1Bal-be rOTosor AeJIa.
IIpl1 ca611jal-by (3 Onepal\Hja) Aej-
cTsyje ca AeCHe cTpaHe npl1THCKI1 BaQ
KOjl1 ce caCToj>r H3 yHyTpaWl-ber npl1-
TI1CKI1Saqa 06Jll1Ka 11
npCTeHaCTor npl1THCKI1Baqa OKO I-bera.
Ca JIese cTpaHe I1cToBpeMeHo Aej cTBY-
je npWn!CI(11S3'1, TaKO Aa ce Ma-
Tepl1jaJI ca611ja 113Mel)y AeCHor 11 JleBor
npI1TI1CKl1saqa. .L\eCHI1 npl1Tl1c,\I1Saq
CSOj>rM 06Jll1KOM CTBapa 11 Ol1'rOBapa-
jyh.a I1cny nqel-ba 33 OCJlOHl\e OCOBHHI1-
ilpeMa TOMe, AOI( ce Y npBI1 OTBOP
- KaJlyn pesOJISepCKe rJl aBe y 6al\yje
MaTepl1jaJl, y ce SpUJl>! ca6l1j a-
the, a y TpefieM 1136al\l1sathe. IIocJle
csaKor paAHor xOAa, OAHOCHO o6pTa
Kp>IBaje, MaWl1Ha SpWI1 jeAaH npa3aH
06PT npl1 qeMY ce BpUJl>! xJlaryel-be pe-
SOJlBepCKe r.rrase. 3a o6paAY aJlYMI1-
183
en. 209. - Pa3HJ1 .o.o6vtjeHJ1
cafiwj al-beM Ha eneKTpw'IHoj MaWlunl
'Ja caoMj al-be l\laTepHj ana CMCTeMa
"Giacchino"
en. 2 10. - AYTOl\IaTCK3 peaOJlBepCKa Tonna npeca "Hat ebur" - npe<'lHHK
M<.1TCpl1j ana o.a. Ye!III K3 (/J 50 flun, o,n anYMIIHJ1jYMa 80 mm, 6poj o6pTa KPHsaj e
18+ 50 a / min, 6poj pa.tl,I-IJIIX npe,nMcT3 y 1\HIHYTH 20, nOrOl-ICKa CHara 19-=-57 k. s.
184
furj)'Ma 11 APyrl1x o6ojeRJ1x ME!'I'aJla .110-
aOJbHO ]e 3arpeBaFbe Ma'Ilepl1jaJla Y
caMoj Mal.IIl1Hl1 AOK ce 38 o6paAY 'Ie-
JlMKa MOpa BpurWI'11 11 npeTXO)tHO 3a-
rpeaaH>e MaTepl1jaJla rrpe YBJla'leH>a.
en. 211. - PesOJISepCKa rJIaBa npece
npeMa eJJ. 210

. --,
!V

Ell
CJI. 212. - OnepaQl1je >13paAe
KJJt.m3 3a MOTope Ha aYToMaTcKoj
pesOJISepcKoj TOnJIoj npecl'1
nHatebur"
3aWTUTHI1 ypel;ajH Ha MCXaHI<'IKH" npecaMa
3anrruTHI1 ypeljajl1 l1Majy 3a 3alllTJ1TY pal1HI1Ka 011 noapeAa
npH pa,lW: OnaCHOC"I' 3a paAHHKa yrJlaBHoM nOCTojH rrpH YMeTaH>Y Ma-
TepHjaJla Kao H npl1 BaljeH>Y paAHor rrpep;MeTa 113 MaUIHHe, Tj. Kap,a je
fberOBa PYKa HcnoA npWI'HCIOIBa'la npece. 3alllTHTHH Mory Aej-
CTBaraTH MeXaHl1'1KH, nHeyMaTCKM HJIH eJleKTpJ1'1KM.
; Mexanu'L?<:u 3aWTUTnu ypel)aju H3BOile ce 0511'1HO Ha -rp11 Ha'lHHa:
1) ca 3alllTHTHI1M nperpaAaMa - lllTHToBHMa,
: 2) ca ypeljajeM 3a CKJlalbaH>e PYKe H
: 3) ca ypeljajeM 3a rrylllTaH>e MalllHHe y paA ca ABe .
. HajnpOCTl1jl1 Ha'II1:H 3alllTMTe paAHHKa nOMO!;.Y liITHTa rrpl1Ka3aH
je Ha CJl . 213. HenOMH'IaH lliTHT 1 3aKJlaJba JleBH l1eo aJla'ra, 110K Je py-
2 3a ITylllTaH>e MaJ.LII1He y paA ca lIeCHe cTpaHe. Pa)tHl1K AecHoM
PYKOM YMe!;.e MaTepl1jaJl H BaAH ra a I1'CTOM PYKOM nYlllTa 11 MaUIMHY y
paA. Ha Taj Ha'll1H 3a BpeMe nYlllTaH>a Mallll1He y pall AecHoM PYKOM,
JleBa He MO}Ke AOCneTl1 nOA rrpI1THCKl1Ba'!, jep je JleBI1 Aeo aJlaTa 3a-
I{JlOFbe'H. OBaj ypel)aj l1Ma Taj HeI10CTaTaK, lllTO ce JleBa pyKa He110-
BOJbHO HCKopHlllhyje 3a paA.
ca nOKpeTHHM lllTHTOM Ha MallIHHM ca HQ)KHl1M ny-
lllTaI-beM y paA IIpHKa3aHa je Ha CJI. 214. IllTHT 1, KOjH je CBOjl1:M rop-
H>11:M KpajeM nOJlyraMa 2 3rJlaBKaCTO Be3aH 3a TeJlO npece. AOH>J1M Kpa-
jeM je Be3aR 3a nOJlyry 3 06PTHY OKO Ta'iKe A. fIPHTHCKOM Ha HO}KHY
nOJl yry 4 'Il0BJla'lH ce npeKo 1I0JlYTe 5 lllTHT 1 Ra'HM>Ke npH 'IeMy 3a-
KJlaH>a aJlaT. fIPH Kpajy CBora xOAa HaHH>Ke, HO)KfIa nOJIYra 4 nOBJla'lJ1
HaHM}Ke 11 1I0JlYTY 7 3a rrylllTaH>e MalllHHe y pall. Ha AOH>eM AeJlY no-
JIYre 7 HaJla3H ce Y3AY>KHa KYJlHCa Y KOjOj KJlH3H 8 11 TO
TaKO l1a ce 1I0JIyra 7 lI'oKpehe TeK OHlla KaAa j e HO:Hrna n OJIYra .110-
CTHrJla CBOj HajHH}K11 1I0JlO)Kaj, Tj. KaAa .ie lllTWr IIOTIIYHO 3aKJlOHHO
aJlaT. Ha Taj MO}Ke ce npeca rryCTWl'J1 y paA TeK OHAa, Kalla je
185
UlTI1T fI(yrnYRO CnYUlTeH. Kpaj lbl1 .o;Olbl1 nOJIO)Kaj llITl1Ta IIpl1 KOMe ce
npeca nyUlTa Y pa.o; MO)Ke ce Ta"UIO peryJrncaru y 3aBI1CHOCTI1 0.0; BI1CI1-
He aJIaTa
Y peljaj 3a CKJIalbalbe PYKe rrpl1Ka3aH je Ha CJI. 215. 3a npllTI1-
CKI1Ba'l rrpece Be3aHa je I1CKpMBJbeHa nOJIyra 1 ca OCOBI1'H11'QQM Ha Kpajy.
Cn. 213. - H enOMH'laH WTJ.1T 3Cl
3awTI1TY paAHJ.IKa
Cn. 314. - 3awTHTHJoI ypebaj ca 00-
KPeTHJ1M WTJIITOM
GBa OCOBKH1111a KJI113K Y K)'JrnC11' 2 'l11j 11 je r Oplbl1 Kpaj 06PTaR OKO He-
nOM>l'lHe TaqKe A, .o;OK je 3a .o;OlbK Aeo K)'Jll1ce npeKo nOJIyr e 3 Be3aR
0l\611j a'l PY'Ke .4. H a Taj
'Ha 'f11'H ce npK Kperralb Y
rrpWT11'CKI1Ba'la Kpehe 11
o.o;611jaq pyKe. Y roplbeM
nOJIO)Kajy npllTI1CKJ1Ba'la
(CJI. 215 b), o.o;6l1ja'l ce Hr-
JIa311 ca 60'lHe CTpaRe
aJIaTa. TIPI1 Xo.o;y HaHW)f{e
(CJI. 215 aJ. o.o;6l1ja'l 4
Kpehe ce nonpe'lHo CKJIa-
lbajyilli pyKY Koja 611 ce
HaJIa311JIa no.o; aJIaTOM.. ,II.a
6K ce y6JIB)f(110 y.o;apau
o.o;6I1ja'la, nOCTaBJbB ce
onpyra 5.
TIpKHL\11n ypeljaja ca
l\'Be py'fKL\e npl1Ka3a'H j e
Ha CJI. 216. ,II.a 611 pa.o;H11-
Ky 06e pYKe 611JIe 3aY3e-
J 3
1.;1 .
Te 3a nyLllT1llhe MBl.IDIHe eJl. 215. - 3aWTHTHI< ypeljaj 3a CKJlrubalbe pyKe
y pa.o;, Tj . .o;a He 611 je.o;Ha
PYKa MOrJIa 611TI1 no.o; aJIaTOM, npe.o;BI1geHe cy .o;Be pY'l11L\e Koje 06e
Mopajy 6WTI1 I1cToBpeMeHo npWTl1cHyre Aa 611 ce MallI11'Ha nOKpeHYJIa.
Ha CJI. 216 je pY'l11Qa 1 'fBpCTO Be3aHA 3a OCOBKHY 3, .o;OK ce py'f11L\a 2
CJI060.o;HO OKO Te OCOBllHe MO)Ke OKpe1oTI1. 3a OCOBI1RY 3 Be3aHa j e 'lBp-
cro K nOJIYra 4, Koja ce HaCJIaa.a Ha l\'BOKpaKY nOJIyry 5. CJI060.o;Ra
186
2 HaCJlaH>a ce Ha ,!{py ry ,!{soKpaKy nOJlyry 6. AKo paAH>lK caMO
jeJ{HOM PYKOM nOKywa Aa nycnl MaurnHY y paA, Tj. aKO rrp>lT>lCHe caMO
nOJlyry 1, rrpeHehe ce nOKpeT rrpeKo no.rryre 4 Ha ,!{BOKpaKY nOJlYry 5. IIo-
illTO APyra nOJlyra 2 HMje I<CTOSpeMeRo rrpl<TIlcHYTa, je31<'lacTa
no.rryra 7 y.u.eCHO He npeHoceliJ< nOKpeT Ha sepTIlKaJrHY UIl1nKy 8 3a
nywTaFbe MaurnHe .v paA. CJI>I'fHO ce AewaS<l rrpl< np>rrl<cK>lSaH>Y caMO
nOJlyre 2. IIpeMa To"e jeA>IHo ce W>lnKa 8 MO>Ke nosy hI< Ha IDDKe
aKO ce MCTospeMeHO 06e nOJlyre 1 >I 2
rrpI<TMCH,Y. Ose nOJlyre Tpe6a Aa cy Ha
1-\OSOJbHOM Mel)yc06HOM OTCTOjaH>Y Aa
I<X He 6M: Morao rrpl1TMCHyTM
>lCTOSpeMeHO walCOM M: JI<liKTOM jeARe
py Ke.
nueV.<taTC'}(.U 3aW'l'UTUU ypei)aju.
JeAaH TaKas ypel}aj 61<0 je Beh pruHlje
n]?>lKa3aH (CJI. 145), Kao CaCTaBHM: lIeo
ypel}aja 3a .u.p>KaH>e JlM:Ma. Ca6M:jelrn
sa3,!{yx je Ta,!{a c.rry>KM:o 3a o,!{ysaBa.!be
rOTOBI1" paAH>lx rrpe,!{MeTa, Ta'KO Aa
Cn. 216. - 3aWTJoITHM ypeljaj ca I1Be paAH>lK HeMa nOTpe6e 3a 3aBJla'telbeM
pY'll1l1e pyKy >l3Mel}y aJlaTa. ,n:a 61< ce paAHJ1'K
3aWTI<TI<0 I< rrpl< YMeTaH>Y MaTepl<jaJla
- JrI<Ma, ynoTpe6JbaBlI ce KaWI<KaCTI1 .u.p>Ka't (CJI . 217). OBaj AP>Ka"t,
KOjl< ce rrpMKJbY'l yje 3:'1 3a CTSapal-be saKYY'Ma, l<Ma Ha
CROM CJl060,!{HOM Kpajy KaWI<KaCT>I ,!leo OA rYMe. Pa.lJ.Hl1K osaj Aeo
HaCJlaH>a Ha JrI<M, a np>lT>lCKOM Ha AyrMe pY'lYfl.{e aKTM:Bl1pa AP>Ka't,
Te ce 1<3 KaWMKe >l3SJla'tl1 sa3AYx YCJleA '1era ce JlMM np>lJby6Jbyje 3a
ryMeHy KaurnKy. JII<M ce Ha Tai Ha'l>lH nOMohy .u.p>Ka'la CTaBJba y
Maw>lHY, a nyw Tal-beM .u.yrMeTa Ha Tj. nywTaH>eM sa3Ayxa y
KaW>lKY, OAJlenJbyj e ce .ITM:M >I oCTaje Ha aJlaTy. Ba3AywHa
3a o,!{ysasal-be AeJlosa Kao >I 3a YCJ<caSal-be MaTep>ljaJla >l3S01l>l ce Kao
3aje.u.H>I'fKa
en. 217. - K aWHJ<: aCTtri ,np>Kaq 3a YMeTaH.e MaTepMj aJla
EJteKTpU'LHt. , aWT,tTHU lIpel)aju 11'3BOAe ce 06M"iH0 Ha Taj Ha'l>lH,
WTO ce :Ja rrywTaH>e MaW>lHe y paA npe.u.sM:I}ajy .lisa AyrMeTa Ha 1I0S0Jb-
HOM OTcToja.!bY, a Koje Tpe6a >lCTOSpeMeHO rrp>lT>lcHyT>I . Y cJlY'fajy Aa
ce jeAaH OA .lisa .u.yrMeTa nocJle np>lT>lCKa o.u.Max nycTI< M: TO AO 2/3 XOAa
np>lT>lCK>lSa'la HaH>I>Ke, npeca ce OAMax 3aYCTaSJba.
Ha seJJ11KI<M npecaMa, r.u.e 11CTOBpeMeHO paAM: BM:We paAHMKa, MO-
paj y CS>l Y'leCTsosaT>I y nywTal-by. MawMHe; TaAa ce 3a csaKor paA-
H>lKa npeAB>lI}ajy ABa AyrMeTa.
187
JlcnHTHBaJne -ra'lIlOCTIf H3pa,u;e MeXaHK'lKHX npeca
MCmtTl1Bal-be Ta'ffiOCTI1 113pa):le BPWI1 ce KO):l MeXaHl1"'IKI1X rrpeca
Ha 'CJUf'laH Ha'tI1H KaO 'l<t KO):l Mallll1Ha 3a 06pa.qy pe3albeM 11 TO Y HeonTe-
peheHOM CTal-by. Y OBOM nOrJIaBJbY 6Hhe W3JIO}KeHe MeTO):le 11 ):I03BO-
JbeHa oTcTyrraa,a no Schlesinger- y, a 3a rrpece ca jeAHI1M l1 ABa cTy6a.
npece ca je,AHlfi\f cTy60M
IIpoBepaBa'>he npaBoz y z.lta U3.M.el)y 'KpeTa'>ha npUTUC'KU-
Ba"l.a 11. nOBpUm?1.e CTO.lta (CJI. 218 a). MepeI'be ce BpWJ1 y paBHH CI1Me-
1p>rje CTy6a. Kao rrpJ160p 3a Mepel-be ynoTpe6JbaBa ce KOMTI apaTop KOjl1
b)
en. 218. - nposepanaJ.ba Ta"lH'JCTl-1 113pa,l(e Ha npeCH ca j e,n:sl!JM cTy60M
ce CTaBJba y rrpI1TI1CKI1Ba'l rrpece >t TO TaKO Aa l-bemB WI1JbaK rrpl1 xpe-
Tal-bY npl1TI1CKMBa'la KJIl1311 no BepTI1KaJIHOM KpaKy yraOHI1Ka. OTCTY-
nal-ba 0):1 npaBor y r JIa cMejy 6111'11 caMO y CMI1CJIY CMarbel-ba Tor yrJIa.
OBO 3aTO W1'0 ce npl1 om'epehel-bY rrpece yCJIe):l eJIaCTI1'tIDiX ):IeDpMa-
CTy6a oBaj yrao nOBeliaBa, Te he rrpl1 yrJIy Mal-beM 0):1 90
0
I1CTl1 rrpl1
oTTTepehel-bY ):Ia ce npl16JIl12K11 npaBOM yrJIy. ;o;03BOJbeHO OTcTyna1be
3a rrpece ):10 50 TOHa 113HOCl1 mm Ha 300 mm ):Iy>K1l1He, 3a npece
rrpeK,o 50 ):10 250 TOHa 0-:-0, 07 Ha 300 mm, a 3a npec' rrpeKo 250 TOHa
MaKCl1MaJIHe C'l<tJIe 0-:- 0,1:1 Ha 300 mm
188
Mepel-be ce nOHaBJba y paBHI-! yrrpaBHoj Ha paBaH npB06I-!THOr
Mepel-ba (CJI . 218 b). ,l{o3BOJbeHO oTcTynal-be 3a rrpece AO 50 TOHa 113HOCI-!
0,03 Ha 300 mm, npeKo 50 ,Il0 250. TOHa 0,05 Ha 300 mm, a rrpp.Ko 250
TOHa 0,1 Ha 300 mm. 'Y OBOM cJI:Cmjy oTC'rynal-ba HI-!CY ,IlaTa O,ll HYJIe
rrOllITO I1CTa MOry J.ml-! I-! Ha jeAHy I-! Ha APy ry cTPaHY
llpoaepaaa'lbe napa.n.eJWOcnL d01be noapw,ull e npe.lta
nOBpuLUUU CTOJIU (c.n.. 2!8 c). Mepel-blO' ce npBo BPWI-! y paBHI-! Cl1MeTpl1je
cTy6a (BI1,ll11 JIeBI1 Aeo CJII-!Ke). OTCTynal-be Tpe6a ,Il3 je TaKBo, ,Ila je
,IlOFbI-! ,Ileo rrpJ1TI1CK11Ba<ra HanryT rrpeMa CTOny, TaKol}e 360r
eJlaCTWlHI-!X .ll.03BOJbeHO o'l'cTynaI-be 3a MaWI1!He AO 50
TOHa 113HOCI1 0+ 0,05 Ha 300 mm, rrpeKo 50 ,Il0 250 TOHa 0+0,07 Ha
300 mm, a npeKo 250 TOHa 0+ 0,13 Ha 300 mm.
Mepel-be ce nOHaBJba y paBHI1 ynpaBHoj Ha pa'BaH npB061-!THOr Me-
pel-ba (BI-!,ll11 AeCHI1 Aeo CJIHKe). ,l{03BOJbeHO oTCTynal-be ,Il0 50 TOHa 1-!3HOCl1
0,03 Ha 300 mm, rrpeKo 50 ,Il0 250 TOHa 0,05 Ha 300 mm, a npeKo 250
TOHa 0, 1 Ha 300 mm.
llpoaepaaU7be U3.M.e/Jy oce OTaopa 3a (l Jl aT U d01be noap-
w.uue npUnLC'KUaa",a (CJI. 218 d). Kao rrpl160p CJIY)KI-! JlI16eJl a I1' Ta'UlO J13pa-
l)eHJ1 llITan KOjl-! ce CTaBJba y OTBOP rrpI1TI-!CKI-!Sa'la. TIPBO
ce BplllM Mepel-be y paBHI1 cl1MeTpl-!j e CTy6a (BI-!,Il11 JleBI1 ,Ileo CJII-!Ke) .
.lJ;03BOJbe'HO oTcTynal-be 3a MalllliHe AO 50 TOHa 1-! 3HOCI1 0,03 Ha 300 mm,
npeKo 50 AO 250 TOHa 0,05 Ha 300 mm, a npeKo 250 TOHa 0,1 Ha 300 mm.
Mepel-be ce nOHaBJba y paBHI1 y rrpaBHoj Ha np'B061-!THOr Me-
peFba (BI1,ll11 ,IleCHJ1 Aeo CJII1Ke). ,l{03BOJbeHO oTcTy nal-be 3a MaWl1He ,Il0
50 TOHa 1-!3HCCI1 0,03 Ha 300 mm, npeKo 50 ,IlO 250 TOHa 0,05 Ha 300 mm,
npeKo 250 TOHa 0,08 Ha 300 mm.
Ilpece ca ,IlBa cTy6a
llpoaepaaa>be npaau,a 'KpeTa1ba npUTUC'KU-
8a",a U noapw,uue CTo.n.a (CJI. 219 a). Mepel-be ce BPWI-! y paBHI1 CI-!Me-
Tpl-!je 113Mel}y 06a cry6a. ,l{03BOJbeHO oTcTynal-be 3a MaWI1He AO 50 TOHa
1-!3HOCI1 0,()3 Ha 300 mm, rrpeKo 50 ,Il0 250 TOHa 0, 05 Ha 300 mm, a
npeKo 250 TOHa 0,08 Ha 300 mm. .
Mepel-be ce nOHaSJba y paBHI1 y npaBHoj Ha pa'BaH rrpB0611THor
Mepel-ba (CJI. 219 b) . . ,l{03BOJbeHa oTCTynal-ba cy I1CTa Kao 11 3a npeTxo,llHo
Mepel-be.
llpoBepaaa>be napaJle.n.UOCTU oo,be npnTUC'Kttaa",a npe.M.a
noapw,uutt CTo.n.a (CJI. 219 c). Mepel-be ce BPWI1 y paBHI1 Cl1MeTptJ1je 113-
Mel}y 06a cTy6a (BI1AI-! JIeBI-! Aeo CJIWKe). ,l{03BOJbeHO oTcTynal-be 3a
MaWl1He ,IlO 50 TORa 1-!3HOCW 0,03 Ha 300 mm, npeKo 50 AO 250 TOHa
0,05 Ha 300 mm. a rrpeKO 250 TaHa 0,08 Ha 300 mm.
Mepel-be ce nOHaBJba Y paBHI1 y npaBHoj Ha paBaH rrpB0611TflOr
Mepel-ba (BW,ll11 AeCH11 Aeo CJII1Ke). ,l{o3BOJbeHa oTcrynal-ba cy WCTa 'Kao I-!
3a rrpeTXO,llHO Mepel-be.
llpoaepaBU1bc npaB01. ?fZAY. U3.M.eIj1/ oce OTaopa 3( aJlaT U oOlbe
noapw,uue npUTUC1CtLaa",a (CJI. 219 d). ce BPWI1 y paBH11 CI1'Me-
Tpl1j e 113111el}y 06a CTy6a (RW.'i11 JleBI1 ,!leo CJlWKe) . . U.03BOJbeHO oTcTynal-be
3a MaWJ1He AO 50 TaHa W3HOCI'l 0,03 Ha 300 mm, rrpeJro 50 11.0 250 TOHa
0,05 Ha 300 mm, a ITPeKO 250 TOHa 0,08 H'3 300 mm.
M epel'be ce nORaB.'ba y pallHI1 ynpaBHoj Ha paBaH rrp'B0611THOr
pel-ba. {BI1,lll1 l1.eCHW Aeo cmme). ,l{03BOJbeHa oTcTynaFba cy I1CTa I<;ao 11
3<1 npeTXOI1. HO MepeFbe.
189
CJl. 219. - IIposepasafbe Ta4HOCTYI H3paAe Ha rrpecl1 ca ABa CTy6a
XHAPAYRKqHE DPECE
XI-fApaYJII-f'IHe rrpece HaJIa3e Aa'HaC CBe Behy npl-fMeHy npl-f o6paAI-f
MaTep>ljaJIa AeOpMaI.(UjoM, a Hapo<;I-fTO 3a BeIDIKe l\eOpMaI.1lfOHe CI-fJIe.
XHl\PaYJIW'lIufX rrpeca 3aCHKEa ce Ha Paskal- oBoM 3a-
KOHY, rro !<:OMe ce rrpwrwcaK, KOjl-f AejcTByje Y je)J;HOM rrpaBl\Y Ha Te<;-
HOCT, paBElOMepHO npeHOCI-f Ha CBe CTpaHe. Ha CJI . 220 BI-fAI1 ce rrpl<MeHa
OBor rrpl-fHl.\l'ITla Ha xl-fApay.IDl"iHY rrpecy. Y I.\I-fJIKHAPY 1 rrpece HaJIB3l< ce
K.ID1n 2 ,l\Olbl-f ,l\eo rrpeJIa311 y rrpwrl1CKHBa q rrpece. U I-fIDIH,l\ap 1
rrpece Be3aH je rrpeKo l.\eBI-f 3 ca MaJIHM U;HIDIH,lIPOM 4 Y KOMe je MaJI'I'I
KJIH'rr 5. AKO ce Ha KIDlrr 5 ,l\ejCTByje peJIaTHBHO MaJIOM Cl-f3l0M F" ,l\ej -
cTBoBahe Ha Te<;HOCT rrpHTJ<CaK
F, F,
p = - = - - .
,40, .!!... d"
4 '
190
OBaj npMTI1CaK, no Paskal - oBoM 3aKOHy, AejcTBoBahe M Ha Knl1n 2 Ha
KOjM he TaAa Aej cTBOBaTl1 cl1na
TI peMa TOMe ce ca penaTMBHO ManOM C"lnOM F I MO>Ke npOM3BeCTIt Ae-
en. 220. - ITpJ.1 HLv,m x Jtl ApaYJIWIHe npece
cpopMal.\MOHa CMna F, Koja j e
Beha OA FI Y O,!(HOcy KBaAPaTa
npe'fHI1Ka, He Y3MMaj y hl1 y 06-
3Mp ry6MTKe.
K OA XMApaYJl11"'{!rnX npe-
ca, Koj e cnY>Ke 3a nnaCTM'fRY
AecpopMaI.{Mj y MeTan a, rrpm! 3-
BO,!ll1 ce CMna F. Ha pa3J!l1'1MTe
Ha'l MHe, Te ce rrpeMa TOMe
TaKBe xl1Apaynwrne npece Ae-
ne Ha:
1) 'I J-fCTO-xI1APaYJ!l1'1He
n pece,
2) napHo- I1nM Ba3'!{yw Ho-
xl1ApaynM'IHe npece M
3) eneKTpo- x I1APaym!'IHe
npece.
'IMCTo- XMApaYJIWmc npece
Ii1HcTanal.\J-fj e 'II1CTO xJ-fApaYJTI1'lHJ-fX n peca CaAP>Ke cneAehe rnaB-
He eneMeHTe: pe3epBoap-CKYnJbaQ Te'lHOCTIt, nyMrty, aKYMynaTop Te'f-
HOCT.. no,!{ npMTJ-fCKOM, pa3BO,!{HYlK 11 rrpecy. :Vb pe3epBoapa Te'fHOCTI1
ny Mna YCl1caBa Te'-fHOCT J-f nOTMcKy j e j e y aKYMYnaTOp KOj M npeTCTaB-
Jba KapaKTepMCTM'IaH en eMeHT 3a I1.HCTaJIaI.{Mj y '-MCTO XJ-fAPayJIWilfl1x
rrpeca. AKYMyn aTop cny >KM .3a 113j eAHa'faBa fhe Hepa.sHoMepHocTM onTe-
peheHoa, O,!{HOCHO nOTpOWfhe Te'lHOCTM OA CTpaHe npece M oMor y haBa
Hanaj aHoe BilllIe rrpeca nOMohy j eAHe l.\eHTpanHe rtyMTI e MJ!l1 nyMnHe
CTaHMI.\e, 'lMMe I1HcTan a,-\Mj a nOCTaj e eKoHoMWlIDlja. :Vb aKy My n aTopa
Te'lHOCT npeKO pa3BO,!{HYl Ka yna3M y I.\Mn MHAap npece nOTMCKYjyhM fhe-
r OB KnJ-fn 3aj e,!{H0 ca rrpMTMCIO!Ba'leM HaHMJKe rrpM pap;HOM XOAY, WJIM
113,!{H>Ky hM rrpeKO KJIl1nOBa rrOBpaTHMKa rrpI1THCKMBa'l HaBMlUe rrpH no-
Bpa'PHOM Xo,!{y.
Paa ',UCTO-xuapay.n.u' me npece. Ha cn. 221 rrpMKa3aHa j e HHCTa-
n al.\Mj a 'IWCTO x H,!{payJIJ-f'lHe rrpece. 113 aKYMYJIaTOpa, 0 KOMe he Mano
HH>Ke 6MTI1 r OBopa, y n a3J-f Te'-fHOCT nOA rrpMTMcKOM y pa3BOAHl1K 1. Py-
'I MI.\OM 2 y KJbY'ly j e ce paAHM O,!{HOCHO rroBpaTHM XOA. Pa,!{l1 rroKperaHoa
npece CTaBJba ce py'lHl.\a 2 npBo y nOJIo>Kaj II KOjM oAroBapa rrpeArrpM-
TMcKMBafhY Tj. nepJ-fOAY AOBoljefba rrpMTJ-fCKMBa'la ,!{O ,!{o'!{Mpa ca MaTe-
pMj anoM npM ManOM npWI'J-fCKy y pap;HOM I.\1'!JIMH,!{py. Y OBOM nepMo,!{y
j e <YrBopeH caMO BeHTMJI b (BHAM 11 A11jarpa'M Ha rOpI-beM ,!(eny cnMKe
Ha KOMe cy OTCe'fUI1 Ha BepTI1KanaMa cpa3Mepm< M3,!1l13aHoy o,!{roBapa-
j y hl1x aeHTI1JIa npM pa3HI1M nonO>KajJ-fMa pyqHl.\e 2) . Ycne,!{ cBoje con-
191
CTseHe Te>Kl1He Kpehy ce TaAa HaHI1>Ke K.IIl1n 5 npece 3ajeAHo ca npl1-
TI1ClOlBa"leM 6, npl1 "IeMY KJTI1nOSI1 7 nOSpaTHI1Ka nOTl1cKyjy 113 4l'I-
8 Te"IHOCT Kp03 9 11 10 11 Kp03 b Ka pe3epBoapy-
cK}'TlJba'ly Te'lHOCTI1. Ha Taj Ha'll1H HaCTaJIa IIpa3HI1Ha y I.1}IJII1:IIAP.Y 4
nonYJ-basa ce HI1CKOr IIpI1T11CKa (Ha WeMI1 CJI. 221 /Ulje
TaHa I1HCTaJIalll1Ja 3a nYJ-beFbe Te"lHowhy HI1CKOr npl11'11CKa, sell. he 0
TOMe 611'1'11 pe'l1 Hl1JKe). OSI1M CI1JIa)f{elbeM I1pI1T11CKI1Sa"la 6 3a
speMe npeAI1pI1TI1CKMBaEba cKpailyje ce speMe J-berOBOr CI1JIaCKa npl1
npa3HoM Ae;rry paAHor xOAa AO AOAl1Pa ca MaTepl1jaJIOM, a ceM Tora ce
He TP01lDl y os OM nepl10AY Te"lHOCT SI1COKOr npl1TI1CKa 113 a KYMYJIaTopa.

I n /I II'
en. 221. - llieMa paAa l.JHCTO- xwApaynl1l.Jae npece
.ll:a 611 ce I13SPWI1JIO AecpopMl1calbe MaTepl1jaJIa, CTaSJba ce py-
2 y nOJIo)f{aj I KOjl1 OArosapa T aAa cy O'fBopeHl1
SeHTI1JII1 C 11 b. Te"IHOCT nOA npl1TI1CKOM npoJIa3eill1 Kp03 SeH1'I1JI C 11
ueB 3 YJIa311 Y 4 nOTl1cKyjyhl1 HaRI1>Ke KJII1IT 5 >1 IIpI1TI1CKI1-
sa'! 6 a ca J-bI1Ma 11 KJII1ITOSe 7 nOSpaTHI1Ka. IIpl1 TOMe OBI1 KJIl1nOSI1 11
AaJbe I1CTI1CKyjy Te"IHOCT 113 nospaTHm<a Kp03 9 11 10
11 Kp03 SeHTl1JI b y pe3epsoap-cKynJb3'1.
3a ITOSpaTHI1 XOA ce 2 y nOJIo)!{aj IV npl1 KOMe
cy OTSOpeHI1 BeH1'I1JII1 a 11 d. 1'e'lHocT nOA IIpI1TI1CKOM 1<3 aKYMYJIaTOpa
npOJIa311 Kp03 BeHTI1JI a, 10 11 9 11 YJIa311 y J\I1JII1H,'(pe 8 nOBpaTHI1-
Ka AJ1)f{yill1 npeKo K.IIl1nO!3a 7 npI1TI1CKI1Sa'l 6 HaBI1We. IIpl1 nospaTHOM
XOAY ce Te'lHOCT Koja ce HaJIa311 y 4 nOMoh..v KJll1na 5 I1CT11-
cKyje Kpo3 l.\.eB 3 11 npeKo SeHTI1JI a d .v pe3epso"p-cKynJba'l Te'lHOCTl1.
192
ITOJlO}Kaj III OAfO'Bapa MMpOBal-by npece.
IIY'H>e'H>e Te"t1iOw.fty ITYl-bel'be L\KJll1HAPa 4 (CJl.
221) Te'JHowhy HKCKor r:IpKTKcKa, npK npa3HoM J1.eJlY xOAa npJ,iTKCIGl-
Ba'Ja HaHl4)f(e, MO>Ke ce K3BeCTK Ha BKwe Ha'l111ia.
ITo jeAHoM Ha'Dt'Hy HaJla3M' ce y[3HaA l\1<JPHH.l\Pa rrpece pe3epBoap
ca Te'JHollihy HMCKOr rrpM'TKCKa OA 4 -;- 8 kg/ cm2. Y Jla3aK Te'l}{OCTK Hi1-
c[wr M'JlK Bl1eOKOr npKTI1CKa y npece peryJlKllle HapO'l:Wl'I-I
BeHTKJl 3a ITyI'bel-be a y OA nOJlo}l{aja py'lM'L\e pa3BOAHI1Ka.
OBaj BeHTMJl ce 05l1"l}{0 yrpal)yje y TeJlO npece (CJl. 222). Ha
CJtJ1IVl j e Ha:qp-raH OTBOpeHI1 nOJlo}l{aj BewrKJla KOjM oAroBapa npeJl.ITpI-l-
TM'CKl1'Bal'bY, npK Te'[HOCT H","C'KOT rrpJ-rTJ-rcKa nO'll1lbe Aa YJla3I-1 y
en. 222. - BeHTMJI oa nyl-befbe yrpabeH J.13Meby pe3epBoapa Hl1CKOr npllTI1CKa J1
npece
l\KJlI1HAap npece. BeHTKJl oCTaje y oTBopeHoM nOJlo>Kajy nocpeACTBoM
Te'l}{OCTI1 Bl1eOKOr rrpl1TI-ICKa Koja YJla3I-1 Kp03 npKKJhY'JaK CTaJI'HO
cnojeHIDVt 3a aKyIlfYJlaTOP npI-lTI-lCKa. OBa Te'lHOCT J1.ejCTByje Ha npCTe-
HaCTY nOBplillfHy M3MeIJy npe"lHKKa dl M d2 . ITPI1 npe5al\l1Bal-by PY'll1lle
paBOJ1.HKKa y nOJlo>Kaj I KOjl1 OAI'OBapa npl1Tl1CKI1BalbY, Te'l}{OCT BI1Ce-
Kor npKTI1CKa K3 aKYMyJlaTOpa YJla3K npeKo pa3BOAHI1KOa y npKKJby-
'JaK 2 BeHTMJla. OAaTJle Kp03 OTBOP A 'l1' OKO TeJla 3 ;!IejcTByje Ha 'leOHY,
rrpCTeHaC'rY nOBpWl1Hy E TeJl'a 4, OBO TeJlO AOK npcTeHacTa
nOBpllrl1'Ha E TeJla 4 He ceAHe Ha CeJ1.HLUTe 5 BeHTI1Jla 11 TKMe 3aTBapa
)10BOJ1. Te"lHOCTM HMCKor npl1TI-ICKa. ITPM OBOM KpeTal-bY 'I'eJla 4, Rpeli.e ce
MCToBpeMeHo 11 TeJlO 3 AOK KcnycT C TeJla 3 He YAapM y npcTeH 6,
"IHMe ce 3ay'cTallJba TeJlO 3 AOK ce TeJlO 4 K AaJbe Kpel\e AO nOTnYHor
3aTBapal-ba ceAKlllTa 5. H a Taj Ha'lYfH ce O;!lBaja KOHYCHH 3a!BpWeTaK
TeJla 3 (KOjM I1Ma CPYHKI.\Kj y APyror BeHTI1Jla) OA CBOI' CeAJ1WTa y TeJIy.
4 I-I Te'JHOCT BMCOKor npKTMcKa rrpOJla3ehM Rp03 KaHaJle D TeJla 4 YJla311
y l.\KJlMHAap npece.
193
pa3BOA'HJ'fKa y nOJIo}Kaj IV, KojJ1 oAfoBapa
nOBpaTRoM xOAY, npeCTaje Aa AejcTByje npWM-ICaK Te"iHOCTI1 J13 npJ1- '
KJby'fKa 2 Ha 'ieoRY nOBplllJ.1JlY TeJIa 4 BeHTJ1JIa 3a nY<bel'be. Y CJIeA Tora
ce BeHTJ1JI OTBapa nOA AejCTBoM npJ1TJ1CKa 113 npJ1.K.Jby'iKa 1, AOK KJIKIl .
npece nOA AejCTBoM 1l013paTHJ1Ka nOTHcKyje 113 I.\H.lDIl:IAPa npece Te'fHOCT.
y pe3epBoap H}[Clror rrpHTWCKa. IT'OU1TO je KO.1IWl:J1Ra Te'IROCTI1 Koja ce
J13 I.\H.lDIl:IAPa rrpece nOTl1eKyj e y pe3epsoap HI1CKOr rrpl1TJ1CKa Beha OA
KOJIl1"il1He Koja je >13 Tor pe3epsoapa 3a BpeMe rrpeAnpJ1T>fCKI1Ba<ba CJ1-
liIJIa y l\J1JI11HAap J1 TO 3a KOIDI'f>fRY KOjy je Aao aKYMyJIaTOp, TO ce Ha
pe3epsoapy HI1C1Kor npl1TJ1CKa Mopa nOCTaBJ1TJ1 npeIDIBH>f BeHTJ1JI y
BI1AY BeHT>fJIa C>JrypHOCTJ1, KOjl1 he CyBI1IIIHy Te'HOCT nponyCTHTJ1 y
pe3epBoap-cKynJba'l. Ha pe3epBQapy IDfCKor npl1TJ1CKa Mopajy ce ceM
BeRTI1JIa curypHOCTJ1 npeABJ1AeTJ1 jow TPJ1 BeHTJ1JIa 11 TO 3a npaJKIbefbe
Kao U 3a nY<befbe BOAOM >I Ba3AYxOM.
ITpeceK AI BeHTIfJIa 3a nyJbe<be paqyHa ce npeMa

v
J
rAe je Ao nOBpWMHa npeceKa KJIMna npece, Vo 6p3MHa C11JlaCKa K=a
npece DAROCHO rrpI1TI1CK>fBa'la, a v
,
6p3MHa Te'lHOCTJ1 y CeAJ1lllTy BeH-
T>lJIa. ITpe'lH>fK Kmma npece pa'iyHa ce npeMa HajBehoj CJ1= npece
yCBajajyhu PMIDf rrpHTJ1caK y rpaIDfI.\aMa OA 200 -;- 300 kg/cm
2
. OBO
cy HajeKOHOl\m<rIDIje Bpe,l\R0TJ1 np>fTI1CKa Te'lHOCTU; Behu
Ma Aa ce ynoTpe6JbaBajy; J13a3J1Bajy TelllKofie y 3anTHBaH>Y, .AOK Malhe
BpeAHOCT>l y,CJIOBJbaBajy BeJFJ1Ke AMMeH3J1je KJIJffia U Bp3mra
cnyUITaH>a 'K.IDUIa Y3MMa ce Vo = 400 -;- 800 mm/sec. Behe BpeAHOCT>f
O,llHOCe ce Ha npece 'MaJIe 11 cpe,lll'be BeJIl1"iHHe. Bp3HHa Te'lHOCTJ1 y ce-
,IIJ1lllTy SeHTUJIa pa'iYHa ce npeMa
v
J
=cp.\/ 2gh,
rAe j e h Haj Malbl1 rrpl1T>fCaK Te"fROCT>I HMCKOT rrpJ1T>fCKa ucnpe,ll 'BeRTJ1-
JIa a KOjJ1 ce ,Y3MMa 2 kg/cm
2
O,llHOCHO 20 m. 6p3J1He cp
,Y3MMa ce 3a OBaKBe BeHT>fJIe 0,3. OBa 6p311Ha Te'IROCTJ1 y BeFi-
TMJIa 06M"iHO je V
J
7 m/sec.; OHa ce MO}Ke perYJI'MCaTU npDMeHOM
npMTMCKa y pe3epBoapy HI1CKOr npHTMCKa MJIM rYlllefbeM O,wlO,l\Re
Te'iHOCTI1 U3 nospanmKa.
IT'OBOJbHe 6p3HHe CnylllTaHIa npUTUCKMBa'ia ):to6Mjajy ce npeMa
MillLer-y M Ha Taj Ha'fuH, WTO ce npeceK BeHTMJIa 3a nyJbelbe pa'iyHa
npeMa CJIe,llefiMM eMllMpJ1'fK>lM 06pacWfMa:
AI = 0,05 Ao + 20 cm
2
3a pa.z:tHM npJ1T>fcax O,ll OKO 400 kg/cm
2
AI = 0,05 Ao+40 cm
2
3a paAHM npwNlcaK 0,11 OKO 200 kg/cm
2
3anpeMJ1Ha pe3epBoapa IDfCKor npl1TJ1CKa V, pa'iyHa ce npeMa
paAHoj 3anpeMUHJ1 l.\J1.7IJ1H',l\pa rrpece Vo, Taxo ,lIa je yKyrrna 3a.rIpeMMHa
pe3epBoapa
V, Vo.
KopMCHa 3anpeMURa Te'lHOCTJ1 (BO,IIe) M3HOCJ1 01(0
V,' = (2 -'- 2,5) V
O
,
,IIOK je HajBehu rrpJ1T>fCaK na3,l1YXll 4 -;- 8 kg/ em".
13 Mawlo1He anaTKe
194
MeCTO ,o;a ce pe3epBOap IDfCKor npl<TMCKa nOCTaBM Ha lIMJJHH.11ap
npece, MO)Ke ce pe3epBOap 1l0CTaBMTM M Ha naTOC nOpe,!1 npece.
3a IT)'Fbelbe 1V1J1XHApa MO)Ke ce KOpm:TwrM M BOAa M3 OTBOpeaOr,
W3.l\MrayTOr pe3epBOapa, Koja YJIa3M y BeBTWJI 3a nYlbelbe CaMO no.11
Xl1ApOCTaTWl.=t npvITWCKOM. He.110CTaTaK TaKBor OTBOpeaOT pe3epBoapa
Ie y TOMe, lllTO je M3JIa3Ha 6p3MHa BO.11e Kp03 BeHTMJI 3a MaJIa,
Te npeceK BeHTMJIa Mopa 6111'11 BeJIvIKM.


I II" 11'
::n. 223. - l1HcTanaLtlda 3a rrYl-belbe npece
Te"lHOwhy HIlCKor npuTHCKa 113 peJepaoapa-cKynJbaqa
ITo APYTOM aa'lvnry BpllUI ce nylbelbe l.\11JI1mAPa npece Te'lHowliy
fD1CKor npr'ITWCKa vl 3 pe3epBoapa-cKynJba'la KOjl'l ce Ha.rra3M Ha J13,l{J1T-
Ha l.\I1JI1fH.11ap npece nOCTaBJba ce BeHTI1JI d 223),
KOjl1 ce OTBapa nOMol\y KJII'fIlHOr MeXaHl'l3Ma ca onpyroM. Y nOJrD)Kajy
II, KOjJ1 o,!1TOsapa (BII.1111 W ,!{Mjarpa1\1 OTBapCJba
BeFrnlJla) OTBOpeH je BeHTHJI b, Kp03 KOjM 113JIa311 Te'IHOCT M3 1l0BpaT-
miRa 0.11JIa3el\vl y JifcToBpeMeao Kp03 lieD 2 YJIa3vl
re'lHOCT HJ1CKor npHTvlcKa vl3 pe:3epBOap - cKynJba'la y lII1JIKHAap rrpece
oTBapajyfil1 BeHTI1JI d. BeHTI1JI c npl'l nOBpaTHoM XO):W BPWl1 paCTepe-
BeEbe npl1THcKa y lIJ!J1J1H.11PY npece, .11a ce BeHTI1JI d, Kp03 KOjvl ce Mcrry-
llITa TeqrlOCT 113 lIMJII1H.11pa rrpece, He 61'1 Mopao OTBOPJ1TM HacynpoT
npl1TI1CKY 113 l.\l1JIHH.11pa: BeH'rMJI d ce Ta.11a OTBapa nOMohy KJIHrrHOr
Me. .. "aH113Ma HCnO,l:\ Ibera, KOjl1 .11061,rja nOKpeT 0,1:\ Te'lHOCTM BHCOKor rrpM-
TMCKa Koja YJIa3H Kp03 lIeB 1 MCTOBpeMe.HO Ka.11a H y nOBpaTHMKe.
Te'lHOCT Koja ce ynoTpe6JbaBa 3a noroH Xl1.11payIDf'UfMX npeca je
BO,l:\a KOjOj ce pa.11M 3aWTMTe MeTaJIRI1X .11eJIOBa 0.11 plje AOAajy rJIMl.\epMH
vlJl11 eMYJI3vlje paCTBOpJbMBe y BO.l\M.
Peaepsoap- cKy7lJba'l. (CJI . 2:!4) CJI)'>KH 3a cRa6.11eBaibe BO-
AaM, Kao M 3a npl1jeM BO.11e 113 pe3epBoapa RMCKor npwrMcKa. (AKO je
MHCTaJl8l.\I1ja 1'13Be,!1eHa npeMa Wel\1I1 Ha CJI. 223, pe3epBoap-cKynJbaQ
195
CJlYJKI'I 3a q>1J1I1HApa rrpece MeCTO 3a rrp>1jeM BOJ\e >1 3 pe3epBO-
apa H>1Cl<or rrpwrMcKa). BeJl>N>\Ha pe3epBoapa Mopa 6>1'1'>1 TaKsa Aa
MO>Ke np>fJIuIT>1 3arrpeMl1HY BOAe V, >13 aKYMYJlaTOpa, 3arrpeMMHY BOAe
112 >f3 pe3epBoapa rrpMTMCKa >1 3arrpeMmry Vo qwmrH,lIpa npece,
1'e ce Kop11CHa 3arrpeMlffia Y311Ma
V 1,5 (V 1 + V 2 + V.) .
BemrKa KOmr'DIEa BOAe y pe3epBoapy 60Jbe XJl3,l\>1 BOJ\Y Roja ce
YCJleA np>1 rrpOJla3y Kp03 BeH1'11Jl 3arpeBa (TeMnepaTypa BOAe
MO>Ke J\OC1'T4h.>1 50 C).
Ha CJl . 224 qeB 1 CJly>K11 3a Bpahal-be BOAe >13 pe3epBoapa H>1CKOr
rrp111'11CKa. GBa BOAa YJla311 XOp>130HTaJTHO J\a ce H>1BO BOAe He 6>1
Y36ypKao. n:eB 2 c.rry>K>1 Kao rrpeJlHBHa
qeB, a qeB 3 3a rrpa>Kl-bel-be. Kp03 qeB
4 OAJla3>1 BOAa Ka rryMITH rrOlll1'O npeT-
XOAHO rrpOJla3>1 Kp03 rrpe'l>1CTa'f 5. Pe-
3epBoap ce nYH>1 Kp03 qeB 6.
, YfuCTo-xuopaYAwLlLe nqJece ca 8U-
we u,u-aunoapa. HOPMaJIHe XHApaYJllflHe
npece HMajy j eAaH paAH>1 l1>1.JI>1'H,l\ap na
rrpeMa TOMe 11 j e,l\HY MaKC11MaJlHY C>fJIY
TaKo XH,lIpayIDf'lHa
rrpeca rrpeMa CJl. 225 11Ma jeAaH pa,l\H11
q>1JIJffiJ\ap a CTOj11 Ha 4 CTy6a. MaKC>1-
MaJIHa C>1Jla npece je 500 TOHa. Ha C<r. 224. Pe3epsoap-CKYIIJba
J\eJlY cJI>fKe B>1,!(>1 ce pe3epBoap
H>1CKor npl1TI1CKa Ha KOMe j e BOAOMepHO CTaKJlO 3a KOH1'pOJlY H1180- a
BOJ\e. IIoBpaTHHqI1 ce HaJla3e ca CTpaHe >f3Me!)y cTy60Ba.
eJl. 226 rrpWKa3yje XH,lIpayJl11':l'HY rrpecy OA 500 Terna, 3aTBopeHor
06Jl11Ka y 3aBapeHoj KOHCTPYKq>1jT<.
AKo XHA'PayJl>f'fHa rrpeca 1'pe6a J\a CJIY)!(H H 3a JlaKUle >1 Te)!(e pa-
,!(OBe, rp3,l\>1 ce HCTa ca Bl1llle L\HJl11H,!(apa. H a CJl. 227 UleMaTCK11 je npl1-
Ka3aHa 'fI1CTo-XH,!(paYJlwma rrpeca ca Tpl1 ql1JI11HApa. IIolllTO ce Ha
CBaKOM q>1JI11H,!(PY HaJla3J< noce6aH BeHTHJI 3a TO ce rrOCe6HHM
pa3BO,!(HHKOM MO)!(e no BOJbH rrYCTHTH Te'fHOCT rro,!( rrp>1THCKOM HJl11 y
CBe q>1JI>1H,lIpe HJl}f caMO Y cpeJ\FbH H.7TH caMO y 60"He. Ha Taj Ha'fHH
MO)!(e rrpeca ,!(a pa,!(H ca 1'p11 pa3JI>f'lIlTa onTepehel-ba KOj a ce 6Hpaj y
npeMa rrO'I'pe6Hoj AecpopMaqwoHo.i pa,l\Hor npeAMeTa, Te ce rrp>1
Mal-beM oUTepeherbY UlTe,!(H y Te'l.HOCTH IleA rrpHTH'CKOM >f3 aKYMYJla'l'Opa.
Pa:mO,!(H>1K ca BeH'I\/1JIHMa a 11 b (BHA>I pa3BOA!U'IK Ha CJl.
227). perYJIl1llle ,!(OBOA Te'fHOCTH rro,!( rrp>1T>1KOM y rrojeAMHe qHJIHHApe.
AKo ce Hanp. caMO q>1JIMH1l.PY ,!(OBO,!(11 Te'l.HOC'F BI1COKOr np11-
T>1CKa, 60QH}{ q>1JI>1H,lIp11 ce Harrajajy Te'l.Hollihy HHCKor rrpl1THCKa M3
pe3epnoapa 1.
rJIaBHH pa3noAHHK (BI1,!(H AOI-bH pa3B0.!(H>1K Ha CJI. 227) HMa BeH-
TI1JIe c, d, e, f ca Koj'HMa ce peryJII1UIY pa3He cpa3e pa1l.a rrpece H TO:
rrpeAnpWr>1CKMBal-be, rrpl1TI1CKHBaFbe, MapoBaFbe HJIH HOnpa1'HH XO,!(,
CJIWIHO P3AY ll'pm<a3aHoM Ha paH>1jHM meMaMa (BI1'!(H 11 ,!(HjarpaM >131J.H-
3al-ba BeHTHJIa Ha AOl-beM J\eJIY CJI . 227). IIpl1 rrpece OTBopeH
je Ha rJIaBHOM pa3BoAHHKY caMO BeHT>1JI d 'l.I1Me ce paCTepehyje rrpH-
TI1CaK y qJ1JI>1H,lIpHMa. IIpl1 no.7TO>Kajy. lI pY'l>1L\e pa3BOAHI1Ka, KOjl1 'OA-
13'
196
rOBapa rrpeArrpI'ITHCIOrnal-bY, OTBOpeH je BeHTHJl f, KOj HM ce "cnywTa
Tel:UiOCT 113 nOBpaT1UlKa yCJle)l, t. era ce npwrlifCIU1Bat.( rrpece Kpehe Ha-
m nKe. IIpH 090111 KpeTal-bY 01'Bapajy ce, nOA npHl'MCK01l1 l'eCfHOCl'H H3
JI. 225 _ XIIApaYJ11 I'-IlI<l npcc;:l IICl 4 cTy6a ca pa,/l r1l1M lJ, HJlII\I-f ,I.U)OM
"SouUlwark", ;\laKCIIMc\J1 l1a c ", na 500 TOl-i a
197
pe3epBoapa 1, BeHT11JlI1 3a 2 11 Te'-lHOCT HI1CKOr npl1TI1CKa 113
pe3epBoapa 1 nyHl1 Ta,lla l\l1Jll1H,l(jJe npece. 1l0WTO je ITpl1'rl10KI1BaQ ,lIO-
,lIl1pHYO MaTepl1jaJl, nOMepa ce pa3BO,llHI1Ka y nOJlO}Kaj I KOjl1
oAroBapa rrp11.TI1CKl1BaI-bY. Ta,lla je 11 ,lIaJbe oTBopeH BeHT11Jl f, a ceM
I-bera ce oTBapa 11 BeHTI1Jl C Kp03 KOj 11 Te'IHOCT BI1COKOr rrp>lT>lCKa 113
BKyMyJlaTOpa CTpyj l1 y l\I1JlI1H,!\pe npece. IIp)'l lTpeJla3Y Ha nOBpaTH>I
XO,l\ OTBapa ce BeHTI1JI d npe 1'Iero WTO ce 3a'rBapa BeHTI1Jl f . Tl1Me ce
Bpnm paCTepehel-be y qI1".mrn,llPl1Ma npece, TaKO ,l\a ce lTO OTBapal-bY
BeHTI1JIa e, Kp03 KOjl1 ce HalTajajy nOBpaTHI1l\11 Te'-lHOwhy, l1CTOBpeMeHO
rrpeKo orpaHKa 3 OTBapajy
BeRTYlJIM 3a nYl-bel-be 12 11 Te-
'-IHOCT 113 qI1".rrn:HJ\pa MO)Ke
n.a y pe3epBoap 1
HI1C'Kor rrpYlTl1c'Ka. "tf1,IM Te'-l-
HOCT y pe3epBoapy 1 ,l\0-
CTl1PRe oAPeljeH 'lI])I1T11caK,
oTBapa ce BeHTI1JI g, Kpro
oKoj YI ce CYB)1WHa Te'lHOCT
lTO'I'YlcKyje y pe3epBoap-
CKyITJba'I lTOCTaBJbeH Ha Y3-
Bl1ll1eHOM Mecry.
A 'KYJ.LYJl.GTOpU. Ko,l\ '-111-
CTO - XI1ApayJII1'-fHI1X rrpeca,
Kao llITO je rope pe'-leHO,
YMehe ce 113Meljy lTY1'me 11
rrpece x I1ApaYJII1'm11. aKyMy-
JIaTOp rrpI1TI1CKa, KOjK KMa
3a,llaTaK ,lIa K3je,l\lHa'Il1 He-
paB.HOMepHOCT
rrpece, Kao 11. ,lIa oMoTylil1
Hanajal-be Bl1ll1e npeca no-
Mohy j e,llHe l\eHTpaJIHe
nYJIm e.
H ajcTapl1j11 Tl1n XI1-
A payJIl1'llfl1 X laKYJI'YJIaTOpa
j e BK.YMYJIaTOp ca TerOBMMa
(CJl. 228). Y l\I1JIKH.l\PY J Ha-
Jla311 ce Kmm 2 Ha 'lYljeM ce
ropfbeM AeJl Y HaJIBJI1 HOCa"l-
nJIO'-la 3. 3a oBaj HOCa'I 06e-
llIeHM cy TerOBI1 4 O,ll JlKBe-
Hor rBO)Klja. Te'-I.HOCT lTOA
ITPI1TI1CKOM 113 ITyM- CJl. 226. _ Xl1l\payml 'lHa apeca "Sout hwar k"
ne y qI1"Jll1H,lIap .1 11 nOAIDKe Oil 500 3aBapeHe KOHCTpYKL\>ll e
KJll1n '2. CI1Jla Koja AejcTBY-
je Ha KJIKlT CTOjl1 Y paBHOTe)K>I ca Te}J(l1HOM TerOBa. 1l0lllTO je npWTI1-
caK Te'-lHOCTI1 BeJlI1K11 (OKO 300 kg/ cm') , TO Te>KKHa TerOBa Mopa ,lIa
6Y,lle BpJlO BeJIMKa llITO 'IMHI1 OBe aKYMYJlaTOpe BPJlO rJlOMa3HI1M. Harrp.
3a paARI1 rrpl1TI1CaK OA 300 kg/ cm' 11 3a KJlana aKYMYJIaTOpa
Oil. 180 mm, 611he nOTpe6Ha Te)KI1Ha TerOBa
:r d,.p=3, 14 18" . 3QO = 76200kg.
'I
198
EHeprnja KOj y aKyMYJIaTOp MO>Ke .l\a aKYMYJIKpa cpa3MepHa je
XO.l\y M3.1\J1:3alDa KJIJ.1!1a aKYMYJIaTOpa, nOBpllIl4Hl1 npeCeKa K.IDI1la KaO
npl1Tl1cKY Te"rnOCTI1. ,l{a 6J1: ce j e.l\aH JII1Tap BOAe AOBeo Ha npl1THCaK
0.1\ 1 kg/cm', nOTpe6aH j e paA OA 10 mkg, Te je yKynHa eHeprnja aKY-
MyJIHPaHa y aKYMYJIaTopy
rAe j e p
MYJIaTOpa y
E = 10 P . A . S
npl1TI1CaK Teq;fIOCTI1 y kg/cm", A
dm' a s - XOA K.IDI1la y dm.
- nOBpWl1Ha KJIl1na aKY-
Cn. 227. - llieMa 'UlCTO-X>llIpaYJUl'lHe npece ca TP" J.1"' JUlHllpa
IIYWTalbe Y pa.l\ nyMne 3a Hanajarbe aKYMyJIaTOpa Kao 11 lbeHb
J1:CKJbYQelbe peTyJI'l1llle ce eJIeK1'pWfll'J1M KOHTaKTMMa KOjJ1: Y HajBilllleM
nOJIO}Kajy KJIHna aKYMYJIaTOpa J1:CKJbY'I)'jy nJMTIY, .l\OK je YKJbyqyj y
npI1: Haj HJ1:>KeM nOJIO}Kaj y. .
Ep3Y!Ha cnyIllTalba TerOBa 113HOCl1 061'f'!HO 0,3 -;- 0,5 m/sec npJ1:
6p3J1:HJ1: npMTI1CKl1Ba'Ia npece 0.1\ OKO 100 mm/ sec.
aKYMyJIaTOpa ca TerOBl1Ma cy BeJIJ1:Ke ,l\J1:MeH3J1:je, Be-
JIJ1:Ka TeJlGlHa a ceM TOra J1: AOCTa jaKl1 BOAeHH YAapl1 KOjJ1: Mory HaCTaTI1
npJ1: 'HarJIOM npeKJ1:,l\y nOTpoI.lIfbe TeQHlYCTl1 H3 aKYMYJIaTopa. 360r CBera
OBora ce aKYMYJIaTOpJ1: ca TeroBl1Ma AaHac B=e He ynOTpe6JbaBaj y,
Beft ce 3aMeFbyj y Ba3;\yIIIIDfM aKYl"IYJIaTOpl1Ma.
Ba3Ayunrn a'KYMYJIaTOpH cTapHj e caCToje ce H3 ABa
ql1JIl1HJ\Pa KOjJ1: ce HaJIa3e j eAaH Y .l\pyroM (CJI. 229). Te'ffiOCT no.l\ npH-
THCKOM H3 nJMTIe AOBOAH ce Y - HenoKpeTHH KJIHn 1 Ha
KOMe ce HaJIa3H ql1JlHH,l\ap 2, KOjJ1: ce oneT y Bl1.l\ y KJIl1na Kpehe y
JIHH.I\PY 3. Ha Taj Ha'lHH ce npH MalbeM onTepehelbY npeca aKYMy=e
Te'IHOCT y aKyMyJIaTopy AI13albeM ql1JIJ1:H.I\pa 2. Ca npl1THCKOM Te'IHO-
CTI1 CTOjl1 Y paBHOTe>KH npwrl1CaK Ba3;\yxa y l(I1J1'111H,rwy 3. IIowTo j e
199
yHyTpaillFbH rrpe'llrnK 3 Belui o,n; yHyTpallIlber rrpeqIDIKa qM_
Jll1.H,n;pa 2, TO he rrpl1.Tl1.CaK Ba3,n;yxa y qMJllm,n;py 3 6wrn pe,n;yW-tpaH Y
O,n;HOCy KBa,n;paTa rrpe'fHl1.Ka. IIpl1THcaK Ba3.!\yxa y ql1..IDfH.!\py 3 06M'n1o
IDIje Bel'IJ-! o,n; 50 kg/crn
2
. JJ:a He 6J1
HaCTaJle BeJlH'Ke rrpOMeHe IIpJ1TH-
CKa, Be3yje ce qHJTl1.H,ll;ap iJ 3a 6a-
TepJ1jy Ba3,n;yl.Il"IDlX 60qa.
HOBHje, ca,n;a CKOPO HCKJbY'fl'{-
BO rrpJ1MeJ-beHe, aKyMYJTaTOpCKe J1H-
CTaJlaqYl je cacToje ce J13 j e,ll;He 60l:\e
ca Te'fHoillhy rro,n; rrpJ1TMCKOM Be3a-
He 3a 6aTepMj y Ba3,ltyllUII1X 60qa
(CJI. 230). OBaKBa aKYMYJlaTopcKa
3aXTeBa aYTOMaTCKJ1
ypeljaj 3a rrYI-beIbe aKyMy JlaTOpa
Kao H 3a rrpeCTaHaK IIYJ-beIba a Y 3a-
BHCHOCTI1" 0.1\ HajHJOKeT O.u;HOCHO Haj-
Bm.ner BO.u;OCTaIf>a y aKY"'IYJlaTopy.
Ko.!\ MHCTaJlaqJ1je rrpeMa CJT. 230
BPillJ1 ce aYTOMaTCKO pery IDICaJ-be
eJTe'KTpl1'nrJ1M TryTeM. IIY1'ma (Ha
CJII1"ql1. ce He rrOTMcKYie Te-
HOCT rrop; rrpJ1TMCKOM Kp03 "BeHTHJI-
CKO TeJIO 1 oTBapajyhJ1 je,ll;HOCMep-
IDI BeHTMJI a. IIpM MaIboj rrOTp0IliH>M
TeqHOCTH 0.1\ CTpaHe rrpeca, npOJIa3J1
Te'IHOCT rr0l:\ rrpMTHOKOM Kp03 BeH-
THJICKO TeJIO 2 oTBapajyhJ1 BeHTMJT
eJl. 228. - AKYMYJlaTOp IlP>lT>lCKa
ca TerOBJ1M8
b rrpJ1 'feMY Te'fHOCT YJIa3J1 Y 601lY 3. Ba3,ll;yllIHJ1 rrpoCTop OBe 60qe KaO
J1 rrpocTop ca Te'fHOIllh y cnoj eHH cy 3a eJIeKTpl1'UUl pery JIaTOp 4. JJ:e-
iiie'lNOciiitL tLJ ilyl'file
CJI. 229. - Ba3,nYWRJ1 ah.. .. yMyJIaTOp ca peAYl..v,rpal-beM npJ1TJ.iCK8
CHM OBar peryJIaropa cnojeH j e Cll. rrpOCTOPOM ca Te'fHoIllhy
a ca Ba3p;YIllHJ1M rrpOCTOPOM 3. Y p;OlbeM p;eJrY qJ1JJl1.H,ll;apa
200
peryJlaTopa 4 HaJIa3H ce )IUlBa RaO' Y cllO'jeH11M cY,l\O'BHMa, ,l\OK ce Ha
roplDeM ,l\eJIY JleBor W'I.mrn;:q>a HaJla3e eJleKTPWiHl1 KO'HTaKTr-l pa3JIH'Il1-
Te ,I\y)K'ID{e. ITPH ,l\H3afbY HMBca Te'IHCCTII Y 6O'W'I 3, lleEbaBe ce r-l mrnO'
RGme Y JleBCM W'lJrr-lH,!l;PY perYJlaTCpa, rrpr-l qeMY ce XO',l\OBJ1 Hl1BO'a
Te'IHO'CTH Y 6O'D;H 3 H >KHBe y perYJlaTO'py 4 0WiO'ce Y O'6PHyTO'j Cpa3Me-
pH ca fbHXOBHM Cllel.\HcpH'lHl1M Te}!UmaMa. Ta,l\a he ce npeKiO' KQ'HTaKTa
CJr. 230. - IIIeMa Sa31Q'1lIHe aKYMYJIaTOpCKe I1HCTaJIal.\l'lje ca pel'YJIatll<joM nYlbelba
3aTBapaTr-l eJIeKTpWfHa KCJla IlOMO'By KO'jr-lX ce rrpeKc peJlea Ha pa3-
BO'WiO'j Ta6= CTaBJbajy Y ,l\ejcTBc MarHeTr-l 5 "J1 6 3a lloKpeTafbe BeH-
Tr-lJla Y BeHTJ1.JlCKJ1M Kytir-ll.\aMa 7 r-l 8. .
Ha CJl. 230 ,l\o,llHpyje >Kr-lBa Haj,l\y)!O! KOHTaKT y peTYJlaTopy 4.
AxO' ce Hr-lBO Te'UIOCTII Y 6cW'I 3 cnYCTH r-lCllO,l\ 'HajH"J1>Ker
IDmO'a, HacTalie rrpeKH,l\ eJleKTpH'lHOf KCJla YCJle,l\ qera he Ma'rneT 6
llaCTH r-l rrpeKO lloJIYra <YrBOpr-lTr-l BeHTr-lJl C Y BeHTHJlcKoj KytiHW1 8 a
3aTBO'pHTH BeHTHJI d; CBC H3a3HBa lla,D; llpHTHcKa Te'IHO'CTII HCllO,l\ KJrHlla
3a BeHmJla b Y BeHTHJICKoj KYhHW'I 2 H MCTospeMeHc
3aTBapafbe BeHTHJla b, 'IHMe ce crrpeqaBa OCTaTKa Te'I'HOCTII
H3 6cl.\e 3 Kao H r-lCllYlllTafbe Ca6r-ljeHoT Ba3Ayxa.
ITPH llefbafbY HHBca Te'IHCC'rn Y 6oW'l 3 YCJIeA ,l\ejcTBa llYMlle KO'ja
TeqHOCT Kp03 BeHTr-l.lI a H b Y ,6ol.\Y, lIMBO' )KHBe Y JIeBCM
201
peryJ1a'l'opa l1elbe ce 11 I1pl1 ca rrpe'!'nOCJ1e,lll'b11M KOH-
'I'aK'I'OM YCl1oC'J'aBJba ce npe'!'nOCJ1e,l\l-be KOJlO C'J'pyje Koje SPlIDl ,l\113a}be
Marne'l'a 6 O,l\HOCHO 3a'l'Sapal-be SeH'I'>tJla c a O'I'sapal-be d. Ta,n;a Ha KJI>tll
eeH'I'HJlCKe Ky l'i.>tl\e 2 one'l' ,l\ejc'I'syje np>t'l'}JcaK KOj>t o'I'Bapa sefITIIJl b
TaKO ,l\a Te'"!HOC'J' 113 60l\e 3 MO>Ke one'!' ,l\a O,l\Jla3>t Y npece.
IIp>! ,l\aJbeM nelbal-by HHBoa >K>!se ,1\0 nOCJle,!\l-ber KOH'I'aK'I'a, KOj>!
o,l\rosapa Hajsl'llileM sO,l\oC'J'aH>y y aryMYJ1a'l'0py , HaC'J'aje
110CJle,l\fber 'KOJTa C'J'pyje npelGf,l\ y KOJJy c'I'pyje 3a Hanajafhe MarneTa 5,
CSOjl1M na,n;aH>eM o'I'Bapa SeH'l'HJl e a 3aTsapa f. YCJle,l\ osora Ha-
C'J'aje lJa,n; npl1THCKa Te'THOC'!'>! Ha KJ1>!11 3a np>t,n;p>KaBal-be seH'I'>tJTa 9 y
seH'l'>!JlC]{()Ij ryh>fl.\H 1, Te nyJIma pa,ll;H Ha npa3HO spahajyh>t Te'"!HOCT
Ol1e'l' y pe3epsoap-cKYnJba'"!. IIOHOBHO 3a'l'Bapal-be SeHTI1Jla 9 HaC1'aje
no o,n;BajaH>Y >K11Be 0,1\ I1pe'J'nocJ1e,l\l-ber KOHTaK'I'a.
KOH'l'poJTa HHBoa 'I'e'IHOCTI1 Y 601.\11 3 oMory neHa j e 110MOl'i.y cse-
'I'J10CH11X CHrHaJla.
npoC'J'op 60l\e 3 Se3aH je 3a 6aTepHj y Sa3,1\y wHl1X 60l.\a
9. GBe 60l.\e nYRe ce ca6l1jeH>tM sa3.n;yxoM nocpe,l\C'l'BOM KOMnpecopa
B>tCOKor >t '1'0 caMO je,l\HOM np>t nOCTaSJbal-bY J<HC'J'aJ1al.\>fje. 3 a
BPeMe pa,l\a 110'l'pe6HO je nospeMeHo ,l\onylbaBal-be ry6>tTKa y CJl ep,
He,n;OSOJbHOr 3aTIT>tBafha. 3a Maffi e HHCTaJlal.\l1je MO>Ke ce nylbelbe Ba-
3.n;y1I.IID1X 60l\a BpUnIT>t >t Ha 'I'aj Ha'"!J<H, WTO ce y npa3Hy 60lW 3a
'I'e'IHoC'J' nyurra ca6>tjeH>t Ba3,1\ YX 113 pa,ll;>fOHWlKe KOMrrpecopCKe >tHC'I'a-
JlaI.(l1je ca HOpMaJlIDfM lJPJ<TI1"CKOM 0,1\ 6 -7 8 kg/ cm' . 3 aT>tM ce I1JMl1a-
l-beM Te'fHOCTI1 Y TY 60l.\y ca6>tja sa3.n;yx Ha o,l\rosapaj y ru1 I1pJ<TJ"CaK J<
OTBapalbeM seH"l1HJl a Ha 60l.\>f >!cnywTa Ba3.1\Yx y Sa3.1\ y wHe 60l\e. B>t-
WecTPY""11M nOHaSJba1'beM osor 110CTyl1Ka MOry ce Ba3.1\ YUlHe 6ol.\e Ha-
rryIDl TI1. IIowTO OBaKBO I1Ylbel-be 3aX'I'eBa .1\OCTa BpeMeHa, '1'0 ce OHO
y noTp e6JbaBa CaMO 3a Malbe >t'IC'I'aJJaI.\Hje.
CeM rope Ha'"!HHa aY'l'OMaTCKor perYJ1l1Cal-ba noc'I' aj e
j ow pa3HH .n;pYfl1 CHC'I'eMJ1 (ca nJ10Bl\HMa 11 ,!{]J.).
3arrpeMJ1Ha Te'lHOCT>t (SO.1\e) y B>t3.n;yWHOM aKYMYJla'l'opy O.1\HdC}J
ce npeMa YKYllHoj 3anpeMHHJ1 CBJ1X 60l.\a Kao 1: 10. IIa,n; npl1TI1CKa
>t3Meljy HajsHIl1er }J HajIDDKer HMBOa 'I'e'THOCT}J >t3HOCH 'I'a,n;a 10 -7 12 0/0.
IIpoMeaa CTalba sa3.n;yxa 3a npHTI1CKe ,1\0 50 kg/cm
2
BpIID/ ce I1pH6JlJ1-
>KHO 110 JoI30'l'epM>!, ,n;OK 3a Behe 110 110JlJ1'1'POIDI 110 je,ll;Ha'lHH11
P, . = p, . 112 ca eKcnOHeHTOM n = 1,29 -7 1,3 3a y 06WlajeHJ1 np>t-
TI1CaK 0,1\ 200 kg/ cm'.
YHyTpaWlbJol I1pe'fIDfK 60l\e 3a 'I'e'lROC1' 3aBvrCJoI 0,1\ Hajsehe Op3>fHe
>tCT'wafha 'I'e'fHOCTvr I1pl1 KOjOj 6p3HHa Cl1yw'I'Bl-ba HJ1BOa 'I'e'"!HOCTI1 He
"'/'pe6a ,l\a rrpeljy 6p3HHY o,n; 200 -7 250 rom/sec.
Kopl1cHa 3anpeMl1Ra Te'lHOCTH y aKYMYJTaTOPY Mopa 6l1TI1 .n;oBOJbf<a
p,a 110Kp>tje oay Hajsehy l1epJ1o,ll;H<rny lJOTpOllflby 'I'e'lHOCTJoI Koja npeBa-
3>!Jla311 >tCTospeMeHY KOJlWl>IHY 'I'e'lHOCTI1 KOjy p,aje nyJIma. Gsaj BJoI-
waK nO'l'pOllflbe HaC'J'yna npH BeneM 6poj y Y3aC'I'0IlHJoIX xop,OBa HJlJ1 npl1
SeJTI1KHM pa,n;H>fM >t 110BpaTHHM Xop,os>tMa. 3anpeMJ1Ha V aKYMYJla'l'Opa
MO)l(e ce Ta,n;a pa'lyaaTI1 npeMa YCJ10BY p,a OHa TPe6a p,a 6yp,e ,n;OSOJbHa
3a l1"3soljel-be RajBener xo,n;a ca6vrja.ba Kao vr l.\eJlor nOBpaTJ-lOr xop,a Y311-
Majynvr jow >t pe3epBY OA 30% Tj.
II = 1,3 (A . c s + Ap . s)
r,n;e je A - nOBplIDlHa KJlIWa npece, Ap - nOBpWlffia KJlJ1nOBa nospaT-
H>tKa, S - xop, Kmma I1pece. Koeqll1l.\1'f.ieHa'l' c p,aje Op,HOC XO,l\a ca6vrjBlba
202
rrpeMa XO,!(y Kmma rrpece; OH ce rrpeMa MiiUeT- y Y3>1Ma no
eMmfp>f'U{OM
c = 500 + 0,25 ::;;; 1
F -
r,!(e je F y TOHaMa CI1JIa rrpl1TI1CKa rrpece.
Ha rope 113JIO}KeH11 Ha'fHH ,lI;06HjeHa KOpl1CHa 3anpeMillia aKYMY-
JIaTOpa Tpe6a ,lI;a j e V 0,75 . Q, r,ll;e je Q KOJIWMHa Te'fHOCn[ KOj y
rr YMITa ,lI;aj e Y j e,ll;'Hoj 'MlmyTJ1.
IIY.Jtf.ne. IIYMne 3a 'lJ1CTO-x l1.l1:PaYJIWfHe npece 113S0,ll;e ce Kao sep-
THKaJIHe [WI< XOpI130H'TaJIHe. BepTI1KaJlHe ITYMITe cy npoCTor ,lI;ej CTsa a
rpa,ll;e ce 3a CH,are ,lI;O 150 k. S., ,lI;OK cy XOpJ13OHTaJI He ITY1'm e rrpoCTor J1JII1
,lI;Soc'rpYKor ,lI;ej CTsa a rpa,ll;e ce ,lI;O 1500 k. s.
KOJfJ1'U!Ha Te'mOCTJ1 y JfJ1TpJ1Ma KOj y rryMTIa rrOTl1cKyje y j e,ll;Hoj
MMHyTI1 j e,!J;HaKa j e
Q =z Asn 'lh
r ,ll;e je z - 6poj KJfJ1rrOSa, A - nOSpUlMHa rrpeceKa KJIMrra y dm', S -
XO,ll; K=a y dm, n - 6poj o6pTa spaTI[JIa nYM'ne Y MJ1HyT>I , 'lh - XJ1-
,lI;payJI>I'IH>I KopHcHor ,lI;ejcTsa. 3a SepTMKaJIHe rryMITe
ca MaJIJ1M XO,ll;OM je 'lh = 0,92, ,lI;OK je 3a XOpJ130HTaJrHe nyMTIe ca seJIl1"KJ1M
XO,ll;OM 'lh = 0,94.
Cpe,ll,H>a eeKTHSHa CHara nO'rpe6Ha 3a rrorOH nYJl'lITe j e,ll;HaKa je
?m = Q . h
'lh . 75 . 60 . 'lm
r,ll;e je h - rrpl1TI1ca'K Te"IHOCTH H3paJKeH y MeTpJ1Ma SO,ll;eHOr cTy6a.
MeXaHH'lKJ1 KopHCHor ,lI;ejcTsa 'lm =0,82 3a SepTHKaJIHe
rrYMrre, a 'lm = 0,85 3a XOpJ130H'TaJIHe.
HOpMaJIHe KOHC'I1PYKJ.1l1oje nYMIT" J1Majy 06H"IHO TpH KJIMITa, "IJ1Me
ce o6e36ei)yje SPJIO pasHoMepaH pa,ll;. Y13Y3eTaK 'tHHe MaJIe nYJl'lITe K'Oje
ce rpa,ll;e CaMO ca je,ll;HJ1M KJIJ1nOM.
Ha CJI. 231 npJ1Xa3aHa je TpOKJIHITHa sepTI1KaJrHa nyMITa ca aKy-
MYJIaTOpCKoM J1 KOMTIpeCOpOM SHCOKor npJ1THCKa,
CJI. 232 rrpJ1Ka3yje sefi y rrYMrrHY ca XOPJ130HTaJIHJ1M 'rpo-
KJfJ1ITHJ1M nyMIlaMa.
IIpu.Jtf.ep. OApe,ll;I1TH rJIaSHe ,l(HMeH3Hje je,ll;He 'tHCTO- XJ1,l1;paYJIJ1'lHe
rrpece ca Hajsefie orrTepefieHoe F= 1000 TOHa. Pa,l\lIJ1
npJ1TI1Ca'K p= 200 kg/ cm".
IIpe"IHHK 'KJIHna rrpece o,ll;pei)yje ce rrpeMa
D = ,/4 . F =' /4 . 1,000.000 _ = 800 mm.
V" . p V 3, 14 200
IIospUlJ1Ha rrpeceKa SeHTJ1JIa 3a nYHoetbe 6Mhe
AI =Ao'
VI
,lI;OK je nOSpUlJ1Ha npeceKa I<JIHna rrpece
Ao = "- . D" = 3, 14 . 80, = 5020 em".
4 4
en. 231. - lt13rJleA BepTJ<IKa JIHe TpOKnJ1ClHe nyM oe ca aKYMYJIaTOpCKOK
HHCTaJIaLV.fjoM
e JJ. 232. - TIYMrma CT3HHQa ca XOP1130HTaJI HHM TpoKJUmHJ.1M
203
204
Bp311Ha CnYlllTaH>a KJnma Y3HMB ce Vo = 500 mm/sec.
y ce npeMa
Talla je
v, = = 0, 3 6 m/s.
A, = 5020 . = 420 em"
6
a 3a nyH>efbe
\ /
' 4. A \ /4 . 420
d, = 3,T4 = V3;T4 = 230 mm.
npl1 ,l\1'!3aH>y nOMol1y rroapaTHm<a ollpel)yjy ce Ha
Ha'I'HH.
Ha rrpM 0.1\ P' = 6 kg/cm' y pe-
3epB'Oapy
F, = .4
0
' p, = 5020 . 6 "", 30000 kg.
COnCTBeHa TeJKMHa nOKpeTHMX .l\eJIoaa npol..\ea,yje ce Ha F. :::::: 30000
kg ce Ha oCHoay nO.l\aTaKa M3 rrpe.l\rrpojeKTa).
OTnop y l..\MJJ11H,1J;py npece YCRe.l\ Kpo3
3a rry tbelbe no.l\ npeTnocTaBKoM npl1Tl1CKa-{)Tnopa
0.1\ p2 = 4 kg/ cm' 61111e
F" = Ao . p" = 5020 . < '20000 kg.
OTnopl1 Tpefba nonpe'lHOr HOCa'la. M CTy60aa Kao M KO.l\
3BllTMBa'la ycaajajy ce CB F. "'" 4000 kg (MO>Ke ce Ha
oCHoay .l\ol..\H'l1j e rTO,!<aTaKB 3a 113HaJI-BJKelbe oTnopa Tpelba KO.l\
Kao 11 n:p11 eKCl..\eHTpl1'IHOM onTepel1elby npece) . .
"YKY= OTnOpl1 Koje Tpe6a .l\a CBaJIB.I\ajy nOapaTHI1l.\M HMal1e
ape,!<HOCT
Fp = F, + F" + Fa + F. = 30000 + 30000 + 20000 + 4000 = 84000 kg.
I1oaplll11Ha rrpeceKa j e.it;Hor KJIMrr a o.I\Pel)yje ce I'(peMa
84000 = 210 em"
2 . p 2 200
a npeceK KJI11na npeMa
,/4-:-:4-;; V4 . 210
d
p
= V 3,14 = 3,'fI1 = 164 mm.
K OPI1CHB 3BnpeMMHa y aKYMYRaTopy npOH3JIa3H 113
v = 1,3(A
o
c s+ Ap ' s).
XO.l\ s= 1000 mm. Koe<j>Hl..\MjeHaT c, KOjH .l\aj e OAHOC xOAa cafuljaJi>a
npeMa l..\eJIOKy nHOM XOAY, 113HOCl1
205
500 500
c = - -;. - + 0,25 = 1000 + 0,25 = 0,75, TaKO lUi je
V= 1, 3(50200,75100+2210.100)=544 lit.
YKYITHa 3anpeMl1Ha aKyMynaTOpa je
Vo = 10 . V = 5440 lit = 5,44 m".
AKO J'e npM HajsMweM SOIlOCTlUbY npMTMcaK y aKYMYJlaTOpy
pl=210 kg cm', Talla he npM HajIDOKeM SO,ll;OCTalbY Tj. no O,ll;Y3MMalbY
KopMcHe 3anpeMHHe Oil 544 ,mwTapa snallaTM npM-
TMcaK y Oil
P, . V,n
p,,=- -
- V"n
Tile je
V, = Vo - V = 5440 - 544 = 4896 dm"
3anpeM11'Ha sa311yxa npM HajsMweM SOilOCTalbY a V ,=Vo = 5440 elm"
YKYnHa 3anpeMlffia aKyMYnaTOpa M Taila je
4896'"
p .. = 210 . --- = 187,5 kg/ em"
-
ITa,ll; npMTMCKa M3HOCM
p, - P2 - = 10,7 %
p, 210
AKO je 6p3MHa KpeTalba npMTMcKM'Ba'la vp = 0,1 m/sec (yo6M'1ajeHa
Spei\HOcT) , 6Mlie norpolillba SOlie M3 aKYMynaTopa
Q = Ao . Vp = 5020 . 10 = 50,2 lit/ s.
YHyrpaIillbM npe'lHMK 3a Te'IHOCT lIofufja ce M3 6p3MHe cny-
lllTlUba Hlffioa Te'lHOCTM Oil vn = 200 mm/s.
ITospwMHa npeceKa 6Mhe
A
b
= .9.. = 50,2 =25 I dm"
v" 2 .
, /47:;
db = V3J4= --:f,14 =565 mm.
ITOTpowlba TeQHOCTM npM pailHOM XOIIY npece Oil s, = 150 mm je
q, = Ao . s, = 5020 15 = 75,3 lit.
3a ollrosapajyfiM nOSpaTHM XQiI Oil 5' = 200 mm j e nOTpolillba
q" = 2 . Ap . 52 = 2 . 210 . 20 = 8,4 lit.
206
YKyrrna nOTpOunba Te'lHOCTI1 .y jeJ\Hoj Ml1HyTl1 npl1 CpeJ\l-beM 6pojy
X0.D:0Ba npece 0.11 N = 10 6Mtie, aKO je KoeCPl1WfjeHaT KOpMCHor
JleJCTBa 1) = 0,8 YCJIeJl KOMnpeCJ1je, Ba3J\YIlIIDIX Keca 11 HeJ\OBOJbHOr 3alI-
Tl1Bafba
Q = (q, + qo) N
'1
(75,3 + 8,4) 10 = 1040 lit/ min
0,8
CpeJ\l-ba 6p311Ha Kmma nyMne Vm = n He Tpe6a ,lIa npel)e v
m
;;;;; 3
30
mis, IIpl1 6pojy o6p'I'a BpaTl1JIa rryMne O,ll n = 200 o/min 11 v'" = 2 m/s
611li.e XO,ll rryMne
Cn, 233. - liIeMa omepehe,..,a
cTy60Ba npece

11 200
IIoBpwIDIa npeceKa j eJ\HOT
KJIl1na nyMTIe HaJIa311 ce 113 jeJ\-
HaYI1He rryMne
Q = z ' A . s . n . '1".
3a TpOKIDITIHy nYMITY Cz=3) je
A = --Q-,---
z s . n ' '1/1
1040 = 061 dm2
3 ' 3 . 200 . 0,94 '
d = 11 4 A = V 40,61 = 88 mm
V 3,14 3, 14
Ope,lll-ba ecpeKTlffiHa
norOHCKor MOTopa nyMTIe
I13JIa311 113
p = __
'111 ' 75 . 60'1m
CHara
npo-
1040 2000 = 574 k. s.
0,94 . 75 . 60 . 0,85
CTaTK'IKI1 npopa'Iy-H cTy60Ba npece BpllIl1 ce 3a cJIY'Iaj eKc,-\eH-
Tpl1'!HOr nOJIQ}!(aj a MaTepl1jaJIa y O,llHOCy Ha ocy npece CJI. 233, npl1 'IeMy
ce jaBJbajy ,lIOnYHcKa Hanpe3al-ba cry60Ba Ha caBl1jafbe. 3a HajBeli.J1 ,lIQ-
3BOJbeHM eKc,-\eH'l'pl1,-\MTeT Y31'IMa ce 0611YHO e = 10+ 15% O,ll YKYTIHor
XO,lla npece.
AKO je OTnop npl1 KOBafbY Fo, Ta,lla YCJIe,ll MOMeHTa Fo' e HacTaje
I1CKOWeI-be nOKpeTHOr HOCa'Ia. OBOM I1CKOWel-bY cynpoTCTaBJbajy ce cnpe-
Haj Behe
onTcpehefhe
npece
t
100
200
300
400
500
600
800
1000
1200
1500
2000
2500
3000
I
4000
5000
6000
8000
10000
15000
Ta6n. 8 - Yo6HQajeHe nHMeH.Hje H KanaUHTeT qHCTO-xHApaynHqHHX npeca H HHcTanaUHj'
.QHMeH3Hje n pe e a KanauilTeT npeC4 XHnpaynHqHa HHcTanaUHja
npf4HIIK
npettHHK
6pOJ
no-
nOTp" wlba
KopHCHa 3a-
npC"IlIHK
Xon
KOMneH- npHTH- PllllHH rellllOCTH no,n n orOHCK3
x.'lHna
KlIuna
saUnOHor caK
XOAOSS
Xon
OpSlHH np.MHna aKy-
noopaTHHK3 xon
IIPHTHCKOM CHarli nyMnH
"ynaTopa
KRHna Y ~ = 0 9
mm mm mm mm at
MHuynl
mm mm lit/ min k. s. lit.
255 400 80 200 30 30 50 60 35 50
360 450 110 200 28 40 60 145 85 120
440 500 2 X 95 200 26 50 70 250 150 200
510 600 2 X 110 200 24 60 85 370 220 300
570 700 2 X 120 200 22 70 100 490 290 400
620 800 2X 135
200 20 80 115 610 340 500
720 900 2 X 155 200
\
18 90 130 830 850 460
800 1000 2 X 170 200 16 100 145 1000 560 800
880 1200 2 X 185 200 14 110 160 1175 850 900
980
. 1400
2 X 200 200 12 125 180 1400 780 1100
3 X 655 1600 2 X 230 200 10 140 200 1750 975 1400
3 X 735 1800 2 X 260 200 9 155 220 2175 1200 1800
3 X 800 2000 2 X 280 200 8 170 240 2540 1400 2200
3 X 925 2200 2 X 290 2 X 170 200 7 185 260 3170 1750 2800
I
3 X 1030 2400 2 X 320 2 X 200 200 6 200
I
280 3630 2000 3600
I
3 X 925 2600 2 X 290 2 X 180 300 5 225 320 2750 2300 3000
3 X 1065 2800 2X340 2 X 200 300 4,5 250 360 3660 3000 4000
3 X 1200 3000 2 X 370 2 X 240 300 4 275
I
400 4450 3700 5000
I
3 X 1460 3200 2 X 400 2 X 340 300 3,5 300 450 6270 5200 7500
..,
o
....,
208
rOSM F,', TalrO,D,a j e Fo' ,,=2 F,' 'J' Op;asAe ce Mor y HanM HOpMaJlHe
CMJle F, Koje ,D,ejcTsy jy ynpasHo Ha cTy6ose.
EKCl.\eHTpl1l.\MTeT CI1J1e Fo M3a3Msa TaKol}e crrper ose Ha AOl-beM Kao 11
Ha ropFbeM Hoca'-lY TaKO Aa j e Fo . e = 2 . F2 . ' e = 2 . F, . 'a
IIpeMa roplbeM cy omepeheID1 aKcl1j aJlHoM OMJLOM Kao M
crrperosMMa 'rj. Ha l 'ICTe3al'be M Ca'Bl1jal-be. AxcMjaJlHoj CMJll1 y CTy6y ,D,ej-
CTsyje Hacy rrpOT CO'nCTSeHa Te>KMHa ropFber HOCa'-la npece, ,D,OK ce Te-
mm-ra nO'KpeTHO'r HO'Ca'-la KaO' M ,D,O'l-ber HO'Ca'-la rrpeHOCH Ha HO>KI1l.\y cry6a.
Ta6J1'Ml.\a 8 ,Il;aje rrpeMa MiiHer - y YG6H'-1ajeHe ,D,MMeH:mje M nO'AaTKe
3a 'fHCTO-XMp;pay.ITI1'-1He npece M o.llrosapaj y he MHCTaJlal.\Mj e.
Hope,ll ,lIHMeH3l1ja rweca y Ta6J1. 8 ,lIaTa je H py6pl1Ka 3a ,D,lJolMeH3Hje
KO'MrreH3al.\HOH11X KJIHITO'Sa. OSl1 KO'MneH3al.\H0ID1 KJLHrrO'Bl1, KOjM ce Ha-
Jla3e caMO Ha Te>KHM npecaMa, J1Majy 3a,D,aTaK ,D,a ypaBHO'TeJKe TeJKHH)'
rrOKpeTHHx ,lIeJrosa. OHM ce cMewTajy ca 6O''-IHe CTpaHe rO'PFber HO'Ca'ia
npece. KO'lImeH3aQ110H>1 l.\I1.1111H,D,pH HaJla3e ce y CTaJlHO'j se3M ca axyMY-
JlaTOpCIrOM l1HCTaJlal.\l1jO'M.
L(aTH 6pojesM XO,llO'sa rrpeca 'Cy cpe,r(Fbe SPEl;!\HO'CTH a O,ll,Hoce ce Ha
rrpMITpeMHO' KO'Sal-be. 3a pa,D,O'Be 'M3p;y>Kel-ba je ropl-ba rpaHMl.\a 6pO'ja XO'-
,D,O'sa y MMHYI'H 20 + 30 a 3a 3aSpWHO' KO"Sa!he 40 + 50.
IIapHo- J1.IlM Sa"l,D,ymHo- XI1,D,payJlI1'1He npece
II pu'H.Usun paoa. lifHCTaJlal.\Mje rrpeca caCToje
ce M3 cJle,D,ehl1x rJla'SHJ1X eJleMeHaTa: rrapHor KOTJla, rrapHo-
rrO'rO'HCKOr 'arrapaTa 'M rrpece. HO'pe,D, OSMX fJlaSHMX eJleMeHaTa rrO'CTojl1,
Kao M KOP; '-I11CTO x'M,D,paYJrH'iHMX 'MHCTaJlaQ11ja, HMCKO'r rrpl1-
THCKa 3a cHa6p;esal-be pa,D,HOT l.\>I.1I11H,u;pa rrpece Te'lHO'why Hl1CKor rrpM-
TMCKa. KapaKTepMCTH'-IaH eJleMeHT 3a O'saj CMCTeM je rrapHO' xH,u;pay-
.IDf'[HM rrOTO'HOKH anapaT.
KO',D, ITapHo- (MJrH Sa3,D,YllIHG- ) XH,D,pa'YJrM'rHMX rrpeca ce rrpWI1MCaK
Te'UfoCTI1 He rrpG113BGp;M rrGCpe,llCTSGM nYMrre, seh rrOMGny HapG'Il1TOr
rrapHGr rrOrO'HCKor allapaTa (CJI. 234). IIapHI1 rrGrOHCKH arrapaT caCTOjH ce
113 SeJrMKor rrapHor l.\'l1ID1Hp;pa 1 ca KJrMITGM 2. KJlI1IT 2 CTIojeH je ca
KJrHITHOM rrGJrYroM 3 KGja HCTGSpeMeHG 'iI1HM KJrI1IT XM,D,payJrH'iHOr l.\H-
Jll1H:IijJa 4. J,1crrop; KJrI1ITa 2 nyuITa ce BOp;eHa rrapa rrop; rrpI1TI1CK;GM Gp;
pI = 8+ 12 kg/cm' 11 Tap;a he rrpMTMcaK Te'iHGCTM (sGp;e) y MaJlOM l.\H-
.rnI1Hp;py 4 6MTI1
(
d,)"
p" = p, d,
Ha Taj Ha"!l1H ,D,06Mja ce Te'lHOCT rrop; rrpI1TI1CK;OM O'P; 400+500 kg/ cm' .
OSaKG seJrMKI1 rrpHTMCl.\M MGry ce p;G3SGJrMTH 36Gr TGra WTG Te'IHOCT
SMCGIrOr rrpMTMCKa He rrpoJla311 KpG3 seHTH.lIe pa3SG,D,ID1Ka, sen O,D,Jla'3M
p;MpeK'I'HG y npece, TaKG ,D,a je caMO 3amMSa'i KJrMrra npece
M3J10>KeH TOM rrpMTMcKy a He 11 BeHTMJLI1. MeCTO' rrape MO>Ke ce MCTG TaKO'
yrrOTpe6MTI1 11 sa3p;yx nGp; MCTMM npMTMCKGM.
Ha CJI. 235 p;aTa je weMa napHO'- xM,u;payJlWi'He npece ca l.\eJlO-
KYllHOM MHCTaJl3l.\HiOM. Y pa3SGp;HMK 1 YJla311 cse}!{a napa M3 napHe
I1HCTaJIal.\Hje. IIPH nOJlO'}!{ajy py'iMl.\e pa3SGp;HHKa tHa CJrMl.\11 ce He
SJ1Al1), K;Oj'l1 O,D,rO'Bapa npe,D,rrpMTJofCKMBa!l-bY, O'TSGpeH je SeHTMJI b (SI1,1l;M
209
M J\l'{jarpaM OTBapaJ-ba BelITMJla Ha rOplbeM AeJlY CJJMKe) Kp03 KOjM 113-
Jla3K napa 113 nOBpaTHWKa npece npoJla3ehM M Kp03 OTBOPeHM KJJMITHI1
pa3BOAIDlK f. KJrnn rrpece cnylllTa ce noll. conCTBeHOM TeJK11HOM 11 noll.
npwrl1CK)OM Te'IHOCTM 113 1\l1JlMHAPa HKCKor ITpMTKCKa. Te'lHOCT HI1CKOr
npWl'l1:CKa M3 pe3epBoapa 2 YJla3M y 1\l1JTMHjJ..ap npece Ha Taj Ha'tMH,
Cn. 234. - IlpocTa wer'ila napHo-xMApaynJof'-lHe npece
Cn. 235. - napHo-xHApaYJUr4He npece ca I1HCTanaI.:{KjoM
WTO OHa OTBapa BeHTMJI 3a nYlbelbe 3 Ha KOjl1 caAa He AejCTByje Te'lHOCT
BKCOKor np'l1TI1CKa.
ql1M ITpWl'MCIGIBa'l rrpece AO,1(HpHe MaTepMjaJI, ce py-
'lffi.\a pa3BO,l\lfl{Ka y nOJloa<aj KOjl1 oAroBapa npMTl1cKI1BalbY. T aAa ce
14 3naTKe
210
nopeA BeHTI1J13 b f 01'Bapa jow 11 BeHTI1J1 C Kp03 KOjl1 ce napa nYWTa
no.l\ KJrnn napHor norOHCKor anapaTa 4 'iI1Me ce Te'rHOCT nOA np"T11CKOM
nOTl1cKyje y ,-"11J1I1HAap npece XOA).
3a ITOBpaTHJ1 XO.l\ oTBopeHM cy BeHTI1J111 a, d 11 pa3BOAHI1K e. Kp03
BeHTI1J1 a YJla311 napa Y nOBpaTHI1Ka npl1 'ieMY ce npI1T11CKI1-
Ba'i AK>Ke. KP03 BeHT'l1J1 d I1cnywTa ce napa 113 napHor [10-
PORCKOT anapaTa, AOK ce OTBapal-beM oTBopa e KJII1nHor pa3BoAHMKa
nyurra napa Kp03 5 Y KJll1nHI1 MeXaHI13aM 6 KOjl1 oTBapa BeHTI1J1 3
3a nyFbefue. Kp03 Taj BeHTI1J1 I1cTI1cKyje ce Te'iHOCT 113 ,-"I1JUrHApa npece
y pe3epBoap HI1CKOr npl1TI1CKa 2. 3a TO BpeMe Bpaha ce napHI1 KJrnn
norORCKor anapaTa, YCJleA I1cnYIllTaR>? nape Y CBOj AOI-bI1 nOJlO>Kaj.
M11pOBafue npece HacTyna OHAa aKO cy OTBopeHI1 caMO BeHTI1J111
a 11 f. TaAa Ha BeRTI1J1 6 He .l\ejcTByje np"TI1CaK 11 BeHTI1J1 3a nYfuefue 3
oCTaje 3aTBopeH l1aKO je BeHTI1J1 a 3a nywTafue napt' y nOBpaTHI1Ke
oTBopeR Te ,ce nOBpaTRI1 XOl.\ He MO)Ke 113BpWI1TI1.
Bpoj xOAoBa'np" 3aBpwHoM KOBafu'Y Tj. KOBafuY ca MaJlKM XOAOM
(XO.l\ ca6J.1ja1ba 20-'-30 rnm) I13'HOCI1 npl1 KpaTKoTpajHoM pa.l\Y 80-7100 y
MIDIYT'" 3a MaH>e 11 CpeAH>e npece, AOK aa Behe OKO 50-;.-80. OBa'KaB paA
ce nOCTl1JKe aKO ce eaMO Ha",aMeHI1'iHO oTB3paj:v 11 3aTBapajy BeHT"'JII1
C 11 d, .l\O'K je BeHT"'JI a CTaJlHO OTBopeH. T3Aa cy nOBpaTHI1I.\'" no.l\ CTaJl-
HI1M n>pl1TWCK{)M, BeHTI1J1 3a 3aTBopeH, AOK caMO nOrOHCK>! ana-
paT nOT"'Ch-yje y npece Te'IHO,CT no.l\ np'1T11CKOM 'Koja ce oneT
np'" nOBpaTHOM XO.l\Y Bpaha ; BOAeHI1 cTy6 113Meljy npeee '" norOHCKor
arrapaTa TB.l\a CTaJlHO
BeHT"'JIM C 11 d HaJla3e ce 0611'IHO He :v pa3BO.l\HI1XY Beh Ha AOl-beM
nOKJlOITl{y norOHCKor anapaTa . .ll.03BOJbeHa 6P3"'HB nape 3a YJla3He BeH-
T"'Jle Kpehe ce "' 3Meljy 80 '" 120 mis, np'" 'ieMY ce Behe Bpe.l\HOCTl1
OAHoce Ha Behe MaW"'He '" rrperpejaHY napy. MaJla3H'" BeHTI1J1'" "'Majy
06M'iH0 ABOCTPYKI1 rrpeceK O.l\ o.l\roBapajyhl1x YJla3H"'X. Bp3JifHa nape y
Jif3HOCI1 3a eBe)KY napy 50-;.- 60 mis, a 3a l1CTpoweHY
30-;.-40 mls.
Bp311Ha KpeTBfua rrpI1TI1CK"'Ba'la napHo- xI1ApayJll1'1Hl1x npeca npl1
paARoM XO.l\y ",3HOCI1 0611'1HO 100 mm/ s, a nOBpaTHa 6p311Ha 400-;.-500
mm/s.
IIaputt nOtoUCKu anapaT. fJlaBHe A"'MeH3",je rrorOHOKor anapaTa
oApeljyjy ce npeMa KOJlWfMRI1 Te'lHOCTI1 nOTpe6Hoj 3a "'3Iroljefue OHOP
. pa.l\HOr XOAa ca6l1jafua, Koj ,11 611 113HOCI10 8-;'- 10
%
O.l\ YKYnaor XO.l\a
KJlJifna npece . .
O.l\HOC npe'IH"',Ka D
Ha OC'HOBY cpeAfue 6p311He KJlMIla
1 -;.-1 ,5 mls.
npeMR XOAY KJll1na H o,!<peljyje ce
norOHCKor a'!"apaTa Koja I13HOCI1
IlpJifT"'CaK Te'iHOCT", "'3HOC>1 06w'lHo 400-;'-500 kg/cm', .l\OK ce npl1-
T",CBK nape MJI'" Baa.l\yxa Kpehe "'3Meljy 8 '" 12 kg/ cm'. Ilapa I1J1M Ba-
3.l\YX ce '1ec;-ro aarpeBajy nOMohy carOpeJlMX raCOBa Ha 300-;.-400" C,
'1MMe ce nOBehaBa eKOHOM11'iHOCT
XH.l\payJlM'iH11 KOpl1CROr AejcTBa nOTOHCKor anapaTa
lf3ROC'" OKO 'lh=0,9; fu"'Me ce Y3MMajy y 063"'P YCJle.l\ KOMnpe-
cJ.1je BOAe, YCJle,!< Ba3Ayxa y '" YCJle.l\ wMpel-ba AeJlOBa ,I1H-
Kao 11 CTy60aa npece.
MeXaH11'IKM KOpl1'CHOr AejCTBa, KOj", Y3J"'Ma y 063"'P
ry611TKe YCJle.l\ Tpefua 113Mel)y KJI",na 11 3anTI1Ba'la, ",3HOCI1 '1", = 0,95.
211
ITapHI1 nOrOHCI{11 anapaTI1 rpa,!le ce I1JII1 ca rOp}bI1M XI1,!1payJ1lr'fHMM
UI1J111R.!I'P0M (KaO Ha CJI. 235) I1JII1 ca ,!IOIi>I1M. POPIhI1 nOJIo>Kaj
JI I1'IHor je KOHCTPYKTI1BHO noro,!IRl1jl1 360r Kpaher l.\eBOBO,[la
yI3Me!)y anapaTa 11 rrpece. Ko,!l BelHix nOCTPojeIha ce, Mel}yTJ1M, XH.n;pay-
.nl1'IHI1 UI1JII1H,!Iap CTaBJba I1cno,!l napHor, a l.\eBOBO,!l nOCTaBJba y KBHaJIe
nO,!la. QBaj nOCJIe,[lIhI1 Ha'll1'H I1Ma TO npel1MyhCTBo, IllTO npOCTOp
113Meljy anapaTa Yf npece HI1je npenpe'leH ueBOBO,!lOM, Ben CJI060,[laH 3a
1paHcrropT.
Ha CJI. 236 npl1Ka3aHa je rrapHo xl1,!1payJII1'1Ha npeca 0,[1 1000 TOHa
ca napHI1M nOrOHCKl1M anapaToM (Ha JIeBoj CTpaHYf cIDlKe). XI1ApaYJIl1-
'!1fI1 l.\I1JIl1'H,!\ap norOHCKor anapaTa HaJIa3Ji! ce ca rapIne c;rpaHe.
Ta6JI. 9 ,[Iaje npeMa Mtiller-y y06I1'1ajeHe ,!IYfMeH3Yfje 11 nO,!laTKe 3a
napHo xl1,[1payiiYf'lHe npece 11 napHe norOHCKe ana paTe. Y Ta6.1J:Hq11 ce Ha-
JIa3Yf p y6pl1Ka 3a TeOpJ1'C'KY nO!J'pOlll}bY TeQHOCTI1 Q. Kao 11 3a TeopYfCKY
<OJI11'1YfHY nOTI1C1-IYTe Te'IHOCTI1 Q,. lbl1XOB O,!lHOC 6: = I)" ,!Iaje xl1.n;pa-
yJII1'fH11 KoecpYfl.\l1jeHaT KOpl1CHOr ):IejcTBa. MCTO TaKO OAROC CI1JIe ORa
X11.l\PaYJIYf'LH11 KJII1'lT norOHCKor anapaTa ]<', 11 OI1JIe Ha napH11 K.Jl}ffi ana-
F.,
paTa F. ):Iaje F"- = 'lm MeXaHl1'lKl1 Koecpl1l.\l1jeHaT KOpl1CHOr ):Iei-cTBa.
I
MecTo BO):leHe nape ynoTpe6JbaBa ce y norOHCKOM anapaTY Qecro
11 Ba3):1yx no,!l rrpl1'l'J1'CKOM. YnoTpe6a BO):leHe nape je ):Iocra HeeKOHOMJ1"IHa
360r TOTa UlTO ce He YfCKOpl1UlhalBa eKCnaH3YfOHa eHeprl1ja nape, Bet;. ce
nYIheIhe I.\I1JIJ11i,llpa norOHCKor anapaTa Kao 11 l.\YfJI11H,!IBpa rrOBpaTHI1Ka
napOM Bpllll1 3a CBO BpeMe XO,lla. M3 TI1X pa3JIOra ce 3a nOBpaT1il1Ke
'1eCTO ynoTpe6JbaBa 11 XI1):1payJI11'IH11 norOH pa,!\l1 '1era ce Mopa 3a Ih11X
nOCTaBI1TI1 3ace6Ha xl1.n;payJII1'lHa I1HCTaJIaU1<ja. JOUI je,[laH Y3POK HeeK07
HOMI1QHOCTI1 BO):leHe nape y O,llHOcy Ha Ba3):1YX JIe}K11 y BeJI11KI1M
Ma YCJIe,ll XJIaljeIha 11 TO HapO'l1<TO npl1 MaJIOM onTepeheIhY rrpece Kao 11
rrpl1 l'heHOM MJ1pOBaIh y.
JIpU.M.ep. Q):Ipe,!lI1TI1 rJIaBHe ,llI1MeH311je napaor norOHCKor anapaTa.
ITPI1 npe'lHl1Ky KJIYrna rrpece 0):1 D = 800 mm 11 nyHOM XOlIN 0):1 S = 1500
mm 113HOCI1 nOTpOWIha-KOJII1qJ1Ha Te'IHOC!J'11 ):IOBOJbHa 3a 10
%
XO):la
Q
= 01. 2-. D" s=o 1 3,14,08".1 ,5= 0,075 rn" .
. 1 ' 4 '4'
IIpl1 6p3J1'H'I1 KpeTal'ha rrpl1T1<CKI1BaQa O,!l 100 mm/sec o6aBI1he ce
pa):lHI1 XO):l O,ll 150 mm 3a 1,5 sec, Te je npoToK
q = 0,075, = 0,05 rna/s.
1,5
ITPI1 6p31<H11 xl1,[1payJII1'IHOr KJIl1lTa 0):1 v = 1 ,2 m/s 611he nOBpUl1<Ha
npeceKa xl1,llpaYJII1'1HOr KJIl1na
A" = - q- = '7 0,046 rn'.
l' . 1)11 1,2 0,9
QBOj nOBpUlI1HI1 O,llrOBapa npe'fHI1K xl1'!{paYJI I1'1HOr KJI11na 0):1 D" = 240
mm, ):10K je O):lrOBapajynl1 XO):l
H = 0,075 = 1 63 rn.
II 0,046 '
).I'
212
AKO je npl1'nrCaK Te'{HOCT>r 400 kg/cm' , a npl1T>lCaK nape 10 kg/ cm",
6", t;e nOBpllI>rHa napHor KJIYma
A A. 400 . _ 1 _ ~ 4 6
r = I, 10 '1", ,
400 I
' -- ' -
10 0,95
1,94 111 ".
QBOj nOBpllI>rH'" oAPOBapa npe'iH11K Dp = 1580 mm.
en. 236. - n apllo- x lI ApaYJlIII..fIID. npeca ca norOHCKJ.1 M anapaTOM
E
lu
- ~ ~ ---
- -:.-
~ -
::...
- ------
=
-
;;.;- - :::;
-
--=- .::; -
_ _ z - ~ ~ ~ _ _
-
_ _ Z"::::: _ _ _
-
~ - - - - = =
- ~ - - - --
:... - :::; -=
- =
- -
~ ~ z ~ . ~ - ~ _ - ~ : _ : ~
- - ... ::.
214
ITO.l1 npeCaMa n0.l1pa3}'McBajy ce npece ca
.l1MpeKTHi-fM npHKJbY'IKOM nyMne ca Hap04H1'HM
nOrOHCKl-fM anapaTOM. H a 1'aj Ha411H ce 1'e4HOC1'Jof npw-
.Uarol)aBa CTSapHOM OTnOp.V ,!IecpOPMHI..\'fj e. 3a pa3J1HKy OJ( nOTnYHO XW-
APaYJlWfirnX npeca, T.l1e je npl-f1'JorCaK Te'fHOCTH je.l1H3K rJaj BefieM npWTlf-
CKY npece, Te ce y noTpe60M eJleKTpO-XI1J(paYJlW{Hr-rX npeca W36eraBajy
r y 6Wl.\11 eHeprwje.
EJte1(.Tpo.-xudpayJtn'l.H.e npece ea rynpeKTHu.1t nY""'!l1HI.,1t nOWH.O.It. 3a
Malbe npece, Kao WTO cy xWApaYJlW'fHe npece 3a MOHTa>KHe pa.l10Be Kao
W 3a WCnpaBJbal'he OCOBWHa, BpaTWJlH W J(e.nOBa, yn01'pe6JbaBa
ce A>tpeK1'3R norOH. Kao n,Yllma ce 'fec1'O MeCTO KJIIHlHe yno-
1'pe6JbaBa p01'al..\110Ha nyMna. POl'al.{110H11 nyMn.HH arpera1' (CJI. 237) ca-
C1'aBJbeH je W3 ABe nyMne B Bl1COKOY rrpHTHCKa W nyMne A H'HCKor
npl11'WCKa. ITYMna BWCOKor npH1'JoICKa CJly>KM 3a n01'WCKWBal'he Te4HOC1'11
BMCOKOT rrplITMCKa y qJ1J1MHAap rrpece paJ(HoM Ae.ny XO,!la, .l10K nYMna
HWCKOT rrpH1'JoICKa Aaje 1'e'lHOC1' rrpwn fcKa rro1'pe6HY 3a 06aBJbal'he
npa3HHx X0.l10Ba. ITYMna HHCKor eJlylKH W 3a nYl'hel'he nyMne
SHCOKOT npH1'WCKa, Koj a caMa He YCHcaBa Te"lHOCT H3 pe3epBoapa, Befi je
,\06,rja H3 nyMrre HI1CKor npH1'JofCKa.
Cll. 237. - llieM3 POT3l1.HOHOr nYMITHOr arperaTa 3 a Xl1,ll,paYJlHl.fHe npece
ITpw 06aBJbalbY npa3Hl1x xOAOBa, KaAa je OTnop npece MaJlW, ycw-
caBa rrYMna A HHCKor npHTHcKa Te'lROCT 1013 pe3epBoapa. IT)'lIma A je
BJo1wefieJlHCKa nyMna ca eKCl.{eHTp>f'lHHM POTOPOM 1 Y KOMe ce HaJla3Jo1
113BeCTaH 6poj nJlO'la 2 Koje 'fMHe fieJlJo1je nyMne. YCJo1CaHa ' Te'fROCT no-
THCKYj e ce Kp03 BOA 3, npcTeHaCTJo1 KaRaJl Kp03 BeHTJo1J1 ca JlOnTWl..\aMa
5 101 Kp03 KaHaJl 6 Ka I..\WJlWH.l1PY npece. ITpwTwcaK Te'lHOCTH npw PaAY
n)'llm e H'HCKOr npWTHCKa Jo13HOCH 15 ..;- 30 kg/em".
215
Y TpeHYTKY KaAa nO"lJ-l}be paAHH XOA, Tj. KaAa OTnOp npece HarJIO
paCTe, CTyoa y AejCTBo "PJ-l oApelJeHoM npJ-lTJ-IeKY aYTOMaTCKJ-I BeHTIlJI C
Kao J-I nyMna B1<COKOI" OpJ-lTJ-ICKa B. IIYl'ma B caCTojJ-l ce J-I3 HerrOKpeTHOr
AeJIa Y KOMe ce HaJIa3e ABa KOHl.\eHTpWUla rrpCTeHaCTa KaHaJla 4 J-I 7.
CeM Tora ce Y HenoKpeTRoM AeJlY HaJla3e paAJ-IjaJIHYf KaHaJlJ-l-l.\J-1JlIDIAPM
ca KID-rnOBMMa 8. CBaK!< IDIJlJ-lHAap J-IMa ABa BeHTMJla ca JlOrrTMI\aMa:
YCHCHJ-I 9 H nOTHCHJ-I 10 . .ll:O}bM KpajeBH KJlHnOBa 8 RaCJlal-bajy ce Ha eKC-
l.\elfl'pW-fHO nOCT3DJbeR npcTeH 11. Oaaj npcTeR je y cTBapM CnOJbH'>M
npcTeH Jle)!{MWTa ca JIOnTMQaMa nOCTaBJbeHOr Ha 6KCl.\eHlJ"apCKO Bpa-
TMJlO nyMTIe. IIpM oKpeTa}bY BpaTJ-IJla oIIJ-Icafie M oca rrpCTeHa KPYJKHY
nYTalbY Te he npcTeR HaJ-l3Mem<"RO nOTMCKv[BaTM KJIYfrrOBe Y l.\MJIMf'-JU)e.
IIpeMa TOMe, y TpeHyTKY nopaCTa rrpMTMCKa Y KaHaJIe 6, 3aTBapa ce BeR-
TJ-IJl ca JlOTITHl.\OM 5 Ta'KO Aa Te"lHOCT HMCKor npHTHCKa M3 nYMne A He
MO)!{e BHwe npofiM Kp03 oBaj BeHTJ-IJl. Te"lHOCT TaAa YJla3H Kp03 JlonTa-
CTe BeHTMJle 9 Y OHe paA'MjaJIHe l.\J-IJIJ-IHApe, "lMj'J-I cy KJlvtnOBJ-I YCJleA eKC-
l.\eHTpWfHOCTM npcTeHa 11 nOTJ-ICHY'." Ka l.\eHTpy. IIpJ-l AaJbeM eKCl.\eH-
TPWfHOM KpeTal-bY npCTeHa 6HBajy OBJ-I KJlHnOBH nOTHCHYTH Ka nepMcpe-
PMjM rrpH "leMY ce lJ"e"lHOCT BHCOKor npHTHcKa HCTHCKYje Kp03 BeRTHJle
10 npeKo cnojHHx KaHaJla Y rrpCTeHaCTH KaHaJl 7 M OAaTJle Kp03 KaHaJl
6 Y l.\HJlMHAap rrpece. IIowTo Ha KJlMOOBe CTa,nHO AeJlyje Te"lHOCT HHCKor
npMTHCKa, TO fie KJlHnOBM 6HTH YBeK npMJby6Jbel1Yf y3 npcTeH 11 yCJleA
Clera fie jeAHa nOJlOBHHa KJIHnOBa YCJ-IcaBaTI< Te'lHOCT AOK APyra nOJlO-
BYfHa nOTHcKyje. TIpHTHcaK Te'lHOCTM nYMne HHCKor npHTJ>I'eKa n]Yl1 OBa-
KBOM paAY 1<3HOC)'! OKO 3 kg/cm'. CTaJIHO OAp}KaBal-be OBor rrpHTMCKa
p,.erYJIJ-IIIIe BeHT)1Jl C. TIOWlJ"O je YCJIeA rroBefiaHor o'l'nopa KJlanHH Pa3-
BOAHHK 12 nOMepeH YAecHo, cnojafie ce KaHaJI 13 ca HCOYCHHM OTBOPOM
14. YKOJlMKO npMTHcaK opeKOpa'lH oJJ:peljeHY Bpe,AHOCT (3 kg/ cm') orrBapa
ce BeRTHJl 15 H jeAaH
Aeo TeQHOCTH ce Kp03
OTBOP ;14 MCITyllITa y pe-
3epBoap-cKynJba'l YCJleA
'lera npHTMcaK oneT naAa.
IIYMTIa B BHCOKor
npMT"'CKa H nyMna A H"'-
CKor rrpHTHCKa H"'CY Kao
Ha weMH CJl. 237 OABO-
ieHM, Befi ce HaJIa3e Ha
3aje,!{HM"lKOM BpaT"fJlY. Ha
CJl. ~ 8 AaT je M3rJleA
TaKBe nYMIIe. A rrpeT-
CTaBJba 'rryMny HHCKor
rrp"'THCKa, B nyllfIIy BH-
COKor npHTHCKa, a C pe-
AyKTOP 6poja 06pTa MO-
Topa D.
eJI. 238. - t13rJIeA pOTaQJ10HOr nYMDHor arperaTa
"Hahn & Kolb"-Kanal{HTeT 3a Aeo HWCKor npI'lTMCKa
O,ll 20 k,g1cm:! 90 lit/min. 3a ,lleo BWCQKOr npJ.1THCKa
Oil 300 kg/em' 4--8 lit/min, norOHCKa CHara 5,5 k. S.,
6poj o6pTa BpaTHJIa nYMne 300 a/min
CJl. 239 npHKa3yje x"'ApaYJIM'lHy MOHTa:>KRY npecy OA 150 TOHa
cHa6AeBeHY pOTaI\HOHOM nYMnoM rrpeMa CJl. 237 M 238 .
.ll:pyrM Ha'lMH AwpeKTHor norOHa nYMnOM H TO KJlMrrHOM weMaTCKH
je npeTCTaBJbeH Ha CJl. 240. TIyMna 1 AHpeKTHo cHa6AeBa npecy Te'l -
Howhy BHCOKor npYfTHcKa.
3a cny"laj rrpeTnpMTMcKHBal-ba (noJlo}Kaj II pY"lMl.\e pa3BO,lVlHKa)
oTBopeHM cY BeHTMJU.'I a, b M d (BMA'" H AHjarpaM OTBapal-ba BeHTIlJla) .
216
OTaapal-beM aeHT!1J1a a 11 b pa3aO.!\HKKa n)'Mna paj\ J1 Ha npa3HO npw qeMY
ycwcaaa K:p03 aeHTI1J1 i Te'fHOCT KOjy oneT KP03 aeHTI1J1 h.
I1PKTI1CIG<Ba'f npece ce Ta.!\a cnywTa no.!\ conCTaeHOM Te}!{I1HOM J< no.!\
rrpKTWCKOM Te'fHOCTW HVrCKor npl1TWCKa W3 pe3epaoapa 2. Te'rHOCT lrnCKor
Cn. 239. - MOl-lTa)KHa npeca " Hahn
& Ko tb" Hajnehe onTepehel-be 150 TOHa, pa,!tHl1 npH-
TJ1CaK 300 kg/em:!, l-m j Bel:iH XO,lJ; 350 mm, norOl-ICKa
CHara 5,5 k. s.
npKTWCKa YJl a311 y 10<-
JlJ-fH.!\ap npece Ha Taj Ha-
'IJ-fH llITO OHa caoj 11M
npKTWCKOM OTaapa aeH-
TJ-fJl e. T e'fHOCT H3 n o-
apaTIDfKa 5 rrpoJTa3ehH
Kp03 aeHTMJT d O.!\Jla3J-f
K:p03 lIeB 7 y pe3epaoap
HHCKor rrpJ-fTJ<cKa 2.
I1PH nOJlo}!{ajy p y -
q"'lIe pa3ao.!\HHKB KOj
CI,!IlrOaapa npI1TMCKl1Bal-bY
(noJTo}!{sj I) OTBOpeHl1 cy
aeHTI1JlI1 a J< d. Kp03
BeHTHJl d HCTH'fe H .!\aJbe
Te'fHOCT noapaTHWKa
y pe3epaosp HHCKor npw-
THCKa, .!\OK Kp03 BeHTHJl
:a O.!\Jla3H Te'l.HOCT BJ1CO-
Kor npMTHCKa y lIHJlHH.!\ap
npece 4. BeJIWIHHa npw-
TJ-fCKa 'J'e'fFlOCTK np'J-fJlaTO-
I)aaa ce 'J'a.!\a MOMeHTaHOM
OTTIOpy j\ecpopMal.IHje pa-
lIHOr npej\MeTa. Y KOJTJ<"KO
npJ1THCaK npeKOpa"lH .!\O-
3aOJbeHY ape,!(HocT, OTaa-
pa ce aeHTHJl CI1TypHOCTH
9 11 nyMna Ta.!\a pa)\J< Ha
rrpa3Ho .!\OK rrpHTHcaK He
cna.!\He Ha HOpMaJTHY
ape.!\HOCT.
UPH noapaTHOM XO-
lIY (nOJlO>Kaj LV Py'uIl.\e)
oTaopeHH cy aeHTH.IDf b ..
c. YCJle.!\ oTBop eHor aeH-
nma b HscTsj e p scTepe-
hel-be Y lO<J\lJ1H'!\py npece.
KP03 oTaOpeHI1 aeHTHJl
C O.!\JlS3H Te4HOCT no.!\
rrpHTHCKOM y noapaTHWKe
O.!\Yf}!cyhH BeHTHJl f lilcToBpeMeHo Kp03 lIea 8 je.!\aH .!\eo Te'fHOCTH .!\ej-
CTByje HS KJl'HTI j oTaapajyfiH aeHTHJl , e Kp03 KOjH ce Te_OCT H3 lIl1-
JTHH'!\pa npece apaha y pe3epaoap HHC'Kor rrpHTHCKa.
MHpOBal-be npece (nOJlO}Kaj III py'l.HlIe p a3Bo.!\HHKS) HacTyna npw
OTBOPeJ-lHM Be!-ITHJl>!MS a H b 4eMY liacTaje npa3sH pa.!\ nyMTIe. I1PH-
THcKHBa q Ta.!\ a oCTaje y r Opl-beM nOJlo}!{ajy nOWTO cy BeHTHJlH d H f 3a-
TBopeHH Te Te4!-IOCT nOBpaTHHKa !-Ie MO}!{e .!\a OTH4e.
217
OTBapaJi>e BeHT>IJIa pa3BO.l\IDIKa Tpe6a .l\a je nO.l\eWeHO, .l\a
HK y ]eAHOM TpeHY'I'KY He 6Yl1:Y 3aTBopeH>l CBI1 BeHT>IJII1 jep 611 Ha-
crao BO.l\em1 Yi\ap, YCJIe.l\ qera 6>1 ce HarJIO OTBOPl10 BeH'l'l1JI C>IrYPHOCTI1 g.

I '" "
Cn. 240. - llieMa eneKTpO-XJ1.ll.paYJrWiHe npece ca nyr..1.OHI1M norOHOM
JIpece ca eJte1<TpO-xuOpaYJtU'i'H.u.1o(. anapaTO.M. . Kao TIO-
rOHCKl1 anapaT 3a OEe BpCTe npeca CJIY>K11 KJIKTIHa nyMTIa 6e3 BeWf'>lJIa.
IIpeMa m eM'l1 OBe >rHCTaJIalvrje (CJI. 241j MOTOP 1 nOKpefie npeKo 3ynqa-
I-lKKa 2-i-5 KOJIeHaCTO "paTI1JIO KJDIlTHe nyMne 6. IIYMna npw CBOM pa.l\HOM
XO.l\Y ,lI>IpeKTIi O nOT>fCKy je TeqHocr Y lVIm1H.l\ap 7 npece, npl1 qeMY ce
np>!TI1CaK Te'fHOCTI1 npl1JIar o!}aBa MOMeHTaHOM omopy .l\ecpopMa:t;l1je.
IIoBpa'I'Hl1II;w npece cy y CTaJIHoj Be311 ca pe3epBoapoM HMCKor npl1T11CKa
W Ta.l\a KpeTal-b'Y npWTMCKKBa'la HaHM>Ke nO'l1l1cKyjy KJ1I1nOBM no-
EpaTH11'Ka Te'I.HOCT >13 nOBpa'PHMKa y pe3epBoap H11CKOr npMTWCKa nOBe-
ilasaj y ilM 3a MaJIY Bpe,ll'HOCT rrpl1TMCaK y l-beMy. IIpa nOBpaTHOM XOlJ:Y
KJlMIla n YMne, now TO je rrpeCTaJIO .l\ejcTBo npwrI1CKa 'FIa Kmm rrpece,
Bpahaj y nOBpaTHJ1l{I1 npMTMCKI1Baq HaBmne, .l\OK Te'fHQCT I1CTI1CHYTa
J1'3 npece >lcnYl-baBa ca.l\a l.I>lJI>rH.l\ap nyMne. IIpeMa TOMe 1'e-
qHOCT OCl.I I<JI yj e M3Me!}y nyMne M rrpece >I TO Y 'PaRTy KpeTaH>a Kmma
nyMne. Y OBOM norJIe.l\Y ce OBe npece Y I13BeoHoj Mep>l npM6JIM>KaBajy
Ba3.l\YWHOM QeKl1hy '11 TO KaKO CBOjl{M pa.l\OM TaKO '11 no 6pojy XO.l\oBa.
Me!}YTJ1M y norJIe.l\Y .l\ejcTBa Ha ",aTepl1jaJI oCTaje M .l\aJbe pa3m<Ka
Mel, y OBe npece 'w 'leKKha, nOWTO je W nope.l\ nOBMal-lOr 6poja XO.l\OBa y
MMHYTW KpajEba 6p311Ha rrpI1TWCKKBaQaMHOro Mal-ba 0.l\ Kpajl-be 6p311He
M<!Jba 'leKWha.
218
n pOMeHa nOJlO>Kaja xOlla TJ. Kpajlber .l\Olber nOJlO>Kaja npHT>ICIUf-
Ba'la, BPWH ce npeMa HHCTaJlal.\HjH Ha CJI. 241 Ha Taj Ha'UlH, WTO ce npH
npeMewTafbY XOlla HaH"IDKe oTBapa BeRTIlJI a pa3Bo)UrnKa Te Te'IHOCT H3
1.\11J1>fHlIpa HI1CKor npwrHCKa 8 npoJla3efiH H Kp03 BeHTHJI C YJlll.3H Y I.\H-
Jl IIH,IIap npece. 06paTHo, npH nOMepalbY XOlla RaBHwe, OllJla3H Te'lROCT
8
CJ1 . 241. - llieMa HHCTanaQl1je npece ca eJIeKTpO-xYiApay.lIwIHHM
norOHCKHM anapaToM
"3 I.\HJlHH.I\pa npece npeKO BeHTMJla b Y pe3epBoap-cKynJba'l 9 . .ll.OBO-
Ijelbe Te'flioCTH Y I.\HJlHH,lIap npece Pa,llH npeMeWTalba xO,lla MOJKe ce BP-
WHTI1 3a BpeMe aYToMaTcKor patla npH HeomepeheHoj npecH Ka.l\a
je npHTHcaK Y /..{I1J1HH,lIPY npece MalbH Oll npHTIlCKa Y I.\I1J1HHlIPY HI1CKOr
npHTI1CKa.
Te'lHOCT, Koja ce 0llY3HMa H3 I.\HJI'I1HlIpa RI1CKor ITpIfl'HCKa pa.l\I1
npoMeHe nOJlo>Kaja xOlla. Ha,llOKHaljyje ce nocpellCTBOM nOMol'iRe nyMne
10. Pall nOMolui e f1Y?-me ce aYToMaTcKH HCKJbY'Iyje O.l\H3albeM yc"cHor
BeHTHJla d Y TpeHYTKy nopaCTa npHTHcKa y I.\HJlI1HtWy RI1CKor npI1THCKa,
1I0K ce npH nallY npHTHcKa oneT cnywTa.
CnojHHl.\a 11 >r3Meljy eJleKTpO-XI1.1\payJlH'IHor norOHCKor anapaTa H
nOMohHe nyMne oMoryhaBa py'lHO YKJbY'lHBaFbe O,llHOCHO HCKJbY'lI1Balbe
pall>! H3Bol)elba noje.qHHaUf>fX XO.l\OBa OllPei)eHe ,lIYJKl1.He .
.ll.PYrl1 THn eJleKTpo- xl1l1paYJlH'lHor norOHCKor anapaTa HMa Kao no-
rOHCKI1 MeXaHI13aM MeCTO MeXaRl13Ma KpHBaje 3yn'laHHK 14 3yn'lacry
nOJTYry (CJI. 242). noroH aa 3yn'!acTy nOJlYry npeHocH ce ca eJleKTpo-
'1oTopa Ha '!l1j e" ce BpaTHJTY A RaJla311 3yn'laHKK 1. Ca 3yn'laRI1Ka 1
219
ce KpeTal-be 3yn'iaHI1K 2 11 npeKo 3aj eAHI1'iKOI' BpaTI1J1a B
Ha 3yn'iaHI1J( 3 11 Ha 3ylT'laCTy nOJJyry 4. 3a 3yn'iacTy nOJJYry Be3aH je
KJJ I1n 5 norOHCKor anapaTa KOjl1 ce Kpel\e y lI"'IDlHAPY 6. MHa'ie je weMa
HHC'raJJalll1je ",CTa Kao 11 3a eJJeKTpO- XI1ApaYJJI1'iHI1 nOrOHCK>! anapaT ca
MeX3HI13MOM. EJJeKTpOMOTOP 3a norOH 3yn'iaCl'or norOHCKor
anapaTa ie MOTOP je):IHOCM"'CJleHe cTpyje KOjl1 CJJV)I<II 11 3a npoJl1eHy
CMepa.
Cn, 242. - eJleKTpO- XI'IJlpaYJ1l14Hor norOHCKor anapaTa ca 3yn4aCTOi-oi
nony,roM
r JlaBHe A"'MeH3"'je eJJeK1'p0- X"'ApaYJII1'iHOr norOHCKor anapaTU 0;1-
peljyj y ce npeMa XOAY KJI'I1na npece, np'" '{eMY 3anpeMI1Ha Te'iHOCTI1 llO-
Tpe6Ha 3a j eAaH XOA KJI",na npece M'Opa 6"''1'11 jeAHaKa 3anpeM"'I'H1 TeYHO-
CTI1 KOjy Aaje nyMna np'" jeAHoM XOAY Y311Majyh", y 06311P x"'lIpaYJll1-
"m e r y 6"'l'Ke Kao 1'1 KOA n3-pHOr norOHCKor anapaTa.
nOOIOI\l1I1 y pel)aj", '" eJJCMeHTI1 xI1Apayml'iHI1X npeca
Ypeljaj aa nO .. ltepn>be CTOJ1 a. Ko,!{ Beh",x rrpeca, Koje CJJY;;'C 33 Ae-
cpopMall"'jy Behl1x 6J10KOBa MaTep",jaJJa, j aBJba ce nOTpe6a 3a
y pe1)ajeM 3a AOBoljel-be MaTepl1'jaJl a nOA np"'T"'CK"'Ba'i. MaTepl1jaJl ce no-
CTaBJba Ha I13MaKHYTI1 nOM11'iaH CTO npece KOjl1 np'" CBOM Bpahal'bY AO-
BOAI1 MaTepl1jaJl nOA npl1TI1CKI1Ba'i . nOKpeTal-be nOMI1"[HOr CTOJla BPW],]
ce I1JJI1 eJleKTp""IHI1M ]'Jlv. nYTeM. KOA eJJeKTp"''i HI1X
ypeljaj a, Koje ce pelje ]TP"'Mel-byjy, nOMepal-be CTOJJa BPW'" ce npeKo
3yn'iaCTe nOJlyre '" 3yn'iaHWKa KOjl1 A06"'Ba norOH OA eJle'K1'pOMOTOpa ca
npOMeiiJbl1B"'M cMepoM 06pTal'ba.
Ha CJJ. 243 AaTa je weMa x"'lIpaYJl"'''IHOr nor OHa nOM"' 'i HOr CTOJla.
110MW'iIfl1 CTO 1 Be3aH j e 3a KJI",nOBe 2 '" 3 KOj", ce nOKpehy Ra"' 3MeH"'-
"IHO nOA AejcTBoM np"' 1'",cKa Te'i HOCTI1. n OMepal'bE! CTOJla BPW'" ce npeKO
pa3BOAHI1Ka 4. IIp''' nOMepal'bY CTOJla HaAecHo, oTBopeH'" cy BeHT>IJI>'" a '"
d. KP03 BeHT"'JI a YJIa3'" Te'iHOCT Y JleB'" lI"'.J'JYIH,!{ap nOT11cKyj yl\", CTO
HaAeCHO, AOK ce "'3 AeCHor lI"'JlI1HApa Te'iHOCT "'CTI1cKyje Kp03 BeRT"'JI
d y OABOAffJ1 BOil. rIp'" nOMepal-bY CTOJla HaJIeBO, OTBOpeHI1 cy BeHT"' JI'"
C 11 h.
C"'Jla n01'pe6Ha 3a nOMepal'be CTOJla j eAHaKa je
F = I" F,\,
220
rAe je F N YKYrtHR Te>KI1Ha CTOJla. 6J10Ka MaTepl1jaJla 11 aJlaTa, AOK je I'
YKynHy! Koeqll1l..\l1jeHT TpeFba 113Meljy CTOJla 11 a 'urja ce Bpe,1\HOCT
npeMa Mii.ll er- y KPell.e 113Meljy 0,5 11 0,6.
Bp3YfHa nOMepaI-ba croJla 113HOCM 11 = 0,1 +0,2 m/s 3a CTOJlOBe ca
Mal-bYfM XOAOM, .1101{ ce 3a Behe XOAOBe 6p311Ha Kpelie 113Mel)y II = 0,4 11
0,5 m/s. Y nOCJleAl-beM cJly'lajy ce npl1 Kpajy XOAa Bplll!1 npl1rYurnBa.H>e
Te'lHOCTI1 paAl1 1136eraBafba YAapa; r ywel-beM Te'lHOCTII ce 6p311Ha CTOJla
npH KPajy XOAa CMa.H>yje Ha II = 0,05+0,1 m/s.

Cn. 243. - illeMa ypeljaja 3a nOMepalbe CTOJIa "I Jtl36alVtBaya
ypeljaj npeMa CJI. 243 y noTpe6Jbasa ce caMO 3a xo-
AOBe rrOMepal-ba .110 01{0 2 m. 3a Belle xOAoBe CTOJla BPWH ce nocTYTIHO
KOA y peljaja 3a nocTynHo nOMepal-be npeMa CJI. 244 HaJla311
ce McnOA croJla 1 nOMepa'l 2 ca I{Jll1nOBMMa 3a nOMepal-be. IIoMepaoq 2 ce
BI1We rryTa Kpelle y jeAHoM 11 Apy roM cMepy 11 caaKl1 rryT npl1 KpeTal-bY
y j eAHoM cMepy By'le 3a C060M CTO 1 KOjH ce OCOmlHMI..\OM 3 cnaja ca no-
!'<,epa'leM, .1101{ ce 3a nOMepa'la OCOBI1Hl1l..\a BaAl1 oAfoBapajyll11M
anaTOM.
10 Aaje npeMa MiilLel'-y AI1MeH311j e H nOAaTKe 3a y06H'Ia-
j eHe nOMH'rHe CTOJlOBe.
en. 244. - illeMa ypeljaja 3a nocTynHo nOMepal-be CTOJIa
Jl136au,ttBa't . ,ll;a 611 ce MoryhHOCT paAa Ha xI1ApaYJl.j1'1HI1M npecaMa
rrpOillMp"J1a, npeABMl)a ce nOFleKaA I136aI..\MBa'l 33 1136aI.\I1Bal-be npeCOBa-
HI1X AeJlOBa )013 l{aJlyna. OH ce rrOCTaBJba y AOl-beM Aeny npece a nOKpelle
ce xI1ApaYJlH'IHI1M nYTeM. Ha WeMI1 CJI. 243 nopeA nOMY1 'lHOr croJla npeA-
BllIjeH je 11 1136aI..\I1Ba'l. OH ce cacTojl1 113 nOKpeTHor I..\I1JlI1HApa ca 11ll1n-
Ta6n. 10 - LhtMeH3Hje: H nO.na UH 38 yo6H
t
lajeHe nOMHlJ ue cronOBe H H36aUH0 84e
- - ---
Haj Behc
I
n O MH4HH C T O (.1 3 6 a uH B 84
- - -
I
l onTepehelbe OnTepehelbe I
o llTepe hc tbc
Xon
npecc
LlHMCII 3Hj C CTOJlll
.lenll oCTpall 1 1lBOCTP';;;-
KJJHU a H36aUHB84a 13ehe r o nTe- I
p eheH>8 npeCCI
mm mm mm mm
t t 01_' O __ .I __
500 1800 X 900 1000 1000 10 30 600
600 1800 X 900 100U 1000 10 30 S 600
800 2000 X 1100 11 00 11 00 15 40
,)
700
1000 2000 X 1100 11 00 11 00 15 50
.;
750
1200 2200 X 1250 1200 1200 20 60
.;
800
"
1500 2200 X 1400 1200 1200 20 75 5 900
2000 2800 X 1600 1500 1500 30
II 100 5 1000
6000 X 1600 4000 2000 50
2500 3400 X 1800 1800 1800 40
125 5 11 00
6000 X 1800 4000 2000 75
;1000
I
5000 X 2000 4500 ' 2250 100 150 5 1200
4000 6000 X 2500 4500 2250 125 200 5 1300
5000 6000 X 2800 4500 2250 150 200 4 1300
6000 8000 X 3200 6000 3000 175 200 3 1300
8000 8000 X 3600 6000 3000 200 250 3 1500
10000 10000 X 4000 7000 3500 250 250 2,5 1500
15000 10000 X 4200 7000 3500 300 375 2,5 1500
...
...
------
.....
222
KOM 5 3a 1136aq11SaJ-be Kao 11 HenOMM4Hor KJlI1na 6. I1oKpe'raJ-be }136aql1-
sa'la spum ce npeKO pa3BOAHI1Ka 7. 3a KpeTaJ-be HaBl11.lJe,
nOTPe6Ho je O'l'SOPI1TI1 BeH1'MJI e (noJIo)l<aj III PY'll1qe pa3BOA'HI1Ka), AOK
je rrpl1 Bpakal-bY 1136aq11Ba'la OTBOpeH SeHTHJI f paAI1 BpakaJ-ba Te4HOCTI1.
Jif36al.\'l'lBa4 ce MO)!{e SpaTI1TI1 HaHI1)!{e 11,1111 nOA conCTBeHOM Te)!{I1HOM
CEOjl1X nOKPeTH.J1X AeJIOBa 11.1111 nOA AejcTBoM orrpyre 11.1111 KOHCTaHTHOr
xI1ApaYJII1'1HOr npI1TI1CKa,
Bp311He KpeTaJ-ba 1136aql1Ba'la I1CTe cy Kao 11 3a nOMepaJ-be CTOJIa.
I10AaTKe 3a y06114ajeHe 1136al.\'l'lBa'le npeMa MiilleT-Y Aaje Ta6JI. 10.
CepBO.MOTOp. 3<: Bake npece 11 TO npeKO 1500 TOHa onTepekeJ-ba,
rrocTaje CI1JIa nOTpe6rJa 3a rroKpeTarbe pY411qe pa3BOAHI1Ka cyBl1We
BeJII1Ka Aa 611 ce PY'll1qa MOrJIa nOKpeTaTI1 PYKOM. 3a TaKse rrpece yno-
Tpe6JbaBajy ce HapO'fI1TI1 rroMohHI1 ypel)aj 3a nOKpeTaJ-be
OCOBI1He pa3BO,!l'H11J(B,
Ha CJI, 245 llleMaTCKM je npl1Ka3aH cepBoMoTOP KOjl1 ce nOKpeke
napoM. PY'lHI1M nOBJIaqeFbeM 111l1nKe 1 HaAeCHO nOKPeke ce npeKo ABO-
KpaKe nOJIyre 2 KJlmTHI1 pa3BOAHI1I< 3 YCJIeA 4era YJIa311 napa Y rrapHI1
ql1JII1HAap 4 11 nOKpeke KJIl1n 5 HaAeCHO, KJIl1n 5 npeKo KJII1TTHe nOJIyre
CJI. 245. - CepsoMoTOP 3a nOKpeTal-be nOJIyre pa3BoAHHKa
11 3rJIOOa 6 nOKpeke nOJIyl'y 7 a TI1Me 11 OCOBI1HY 8 pa3S0,ll:HI1Ka npl1 4eMY
ce SpWl1 nOKpeTaJ-be BeHTHJIa pa3BOAHI1'Ka rrpece, 3a AecRY cTpaHY
3rJI06a 6 Be3all je KJlI1n 9 KOjl1 CBOjJ.fM KpeTaJ-beM HaAeCHO rrCYnfCKyje
YJbe Kp03 BeHTi1J1 3a npMryWl1BaJ-be 10, 'II1Me ce 'Bpllll1 K04eJ-be 11 cnp e-
'JaBaJ-be eKcnaR311je nape y napHoM J.n'IJI11 H.!\'PY. I1PI1 KpeTaJ-bY napRor
KJIl1na RaAecHo, Kpeke ce 11 OCOBWHa A 06pTaJ-ba ABoKpaKe nOJIyre 2 Ra-
neCHO, nOIllTO je Ta OCOSI1Ha npM'IsplllkeRa 3a nOJIyry 7. Ha Taj 'Ra'lI1H
ce nOJIyra 2 oK'peke OKO, cana HenoMl1'IHe, OCOBI1He B Koja crraja llll1n1<Y
1 11 nOJ-b11 KpaK nOJIyre 2. OBI1M KpeTaJ-beM ce KJll1nHI1 pa3BO,!I'HI1K rro-
Mepa HaAeCHO 411Me ce 3aTBapa .!IOSOA nape 11 3aYCTaBJba KpeTaJ-be
cepsoMoTopa.
223
AKO ce KJIl1Il 5 MeCTO ca napOM nOKpehe Te'lROwhy no.ll rrpl1T>l-
CKOM, OTna.lla Y KJll1rr 9.
3anniBa'tu. 360r Se.JDfKOr npl1TKCKa no.ll KOjHM pa.lle xH.IIpay.IDr'lHe
npece, Mopajy 3annrSa'lH 6HTH HapO'l11Te KOHCTpyKl.{;rje 11 0.11 o,!ITosa-
Fajyher MaTepHjaJIa.
3annrna'l H3Me!)y KJlI1na H 1.\11J1I1H.IIpa npece 113S0.llH ce y 06J1l1xy
MaHMeTRe npeMa CJI. 246. OsaKas 3anTI1Sa'l I1M& Ty oc06HHY .IIa ce ca
nopaCToM rrpl1TI1CKa ja'le
rrpJ1Jby6Jbyje y3 I.\J'IJlJ1H,I\ap
11 KJlI1n, TaKO ,l\a MOMe .IIa
3a nTI1Sa H .110 rrpHTHCKa
0.11 800 kg/ cm'.
Te'lHOCT no.ll TlpHTH-
CKOM, Koja .IIocnesa 1<3-
Me!)y I.\J'IJI11:HAAa K K.IDIlJa
s '--'---- IJ
_0
en. 246. - 3anTHB3"1 y 06m1KY MaH)f{eTHe
.110 3aITTHSa'la, YJla3H y YHYTpaIlltbH .lleo (CJI. 247) 11 Te>K11 .IIa pawHpI1
06e CTpaHe . .l(a 611 Te'lHOCT JlaKllle .IIejCTsosaJl8 Ha YHYTpaum,e nosp-
llI>I'He 3a11THBa'la, 3aKolliasajy ce YRYTpaIIDbe 11 BI1 I.\e. Pa.lll1 y Kpyhelba
3anTHBa'fa CTaBJba ce 'leCTO y wynJbI1HV 3anTI1B3'lR npCTeH KOjl1 Ha
paBROM .IIeny l1Ma MeCTI1MH'lHe 3ape3e a Aa 611 Te'lHOCT nOA npHTIlCKOM
Cn. 247. - ,l(ejCTBo 3ann1'Ba'la Cn. 248. Pa3HH o6muJ,H
3anTl1Baqa
MorJla npo.I\PeTH H Ha Apyry, YHYTpaillfbY CTpaHY 3anTHBa'la. Osaj
06Jl11K 3aITT.I1Sa'la je Hajy06H'lajeHHjH H HapO'lHTO noroAaH 3a BI1COKe
npHTI1CKe, .IIOK Mel}YTHM nOCToje 11 3anTI1Ba'lJ1 AP'yrl1x 06J1I1Ka npeMa
CJI. 248, KOjl1 ce RapO'lHTO yrrOTpe6Jbasajy 3a Matbe npe'lHHKe KJiJ1ITOBa
Kao WTO cy KJlHITOSH n)'MITJ1 11 CJI.
CI1J1a TPelba Koja ce jaBJba H3Meljy 3anTHBa'la 11 KJlHna MO>Ke ce
paQYRaTI1 no 06pacuy
F
r
=D,,h,p'f1
y kg, rAe je D - rrpe'lHI1K KJll1na, h - BI1CHHa 3anTI1Sa'la y cm, p -
npHTHCaK Te'lHOCTH y kg/ cm'. f1 - Koecjml..\l1jeHaT Tpelba; 3a MeKY
224
KO>KY je f1= 0,07, 3a KOJKY WTaBJbeHy ca ,zq>BeTOM f1 = 0,1, ,/\OK je KO,/\
He'lJ1CTe Te'iBOC'MI 11JU1 pan aBe nOBpUnme KJllina f1 = 0,2.
T a6JI. 11 ):Iaie ,/\'HMeH3l1j e y06wrajeHl1X 3anTYfBa'ia- MaHJKeTBI1.
K ao MaTepl1jaJI 3a 3aTITYfBaQe y noTpe6JbaBa ce yrJIaBBOM KOJKa a
nOBeKa,/\ 11 r yMa npOTKaHa nJraTHOM. Kao KOJKa ynoTpe6JbaBa ce npBG-
KJIaCHa MeKlila KO}l{a lllTaBJbeRa ca x paCTOBHM ,zq>BeTOM HJIJ-I XpoMOM.
KOJKa He CMe ,/\a I1Ma rpelilaKa a Haj60Jba je ca JIel)lDlX ,/\eJIosa.
T a6J1. 11 - ll HMeu3Hje yo6i14ajell Hx 3anTHSa 4!-M8I1meTHH npcMa ell. 246
)(.' Itn a D
mm
I'
I
5 -;- 50
51 7 100
101 7 150
151 7 200
201 7 450
451 7700
"peKO 700
Ll eOJb HlI B KOiKe s
mm
I BIICHI .. " I
-,- ----;- 10 712
15 .;- 20
207 25
3
3,57 4
I 25730
35740
40 7 45
45750
4,5 -;- 5
5
5,5 7 6
6 77
JfCUJfTHBalLe Xlf,/\pay.JlWIHH.x npeca
CBpxa I1ClII1TYfBalba xJ-I,/\paYJUl'iRJ-Ix npeca je KOHTpoJIa p3):la 11
orITepehelba npece, KOHTpOJIa nOTpo'llllbe CHare Kao 11 BpeMeBOKor
I1CKopl1lilhelba npece O.l\HOCHO KOHTpoJIa pa.l\HOr BpeMeHa.
M eTo,/\e I1Cnl1TIfBafba j e,/\He xl1,zq>ay JIWIHe npece 6l1he nOKa3aHe 3a
CJIY'iaj napHo-:>rn,zq>ayJIWIHe npece npeMa CJI. 249,
I
f - gUD.! Hocili.u. vap
2 - uHgwtatlZop
3 - pezucOJ,DJl/yli<L
I{-Hepa'l llOiZlptJlWJe aap.,o
en. 249. - IIlel\1a J1CIDtTJ.1SaFba napHO- XJ1Jl; p aYJl H't.{He npece
225
XO):(OB>I noj e.qJl1fHX eJleMeHaTa oiWelj y j y ce nOMohy anapaTa 3a
penrCTpau;>rj y ny-ra y 3aBMCHOCTH OA BpeMeHa (T3B. ):(MarnOCTM'l3p).
vf3rJle):( TaKBor ):(Mj arpaMa 3aBHCHOC1'II xo):(a 0):( BpeMeHa ):(a1' je Ha CJI.
250. OH ):(aje rrper JleA u; eJloKynHor paAa npl1 npecoBal-bY je):(Hor 6J10Ra
H TO: pa):(Ho BpeMc 3a noj e):(HHe onepaJ.. \I<j e, O):(HOCHO 6p3>fHy pa):(a y
6poj eRYfMa XO):(OBa y MJ<Hy1'H, BpeMe MHpOBa}ba Kao >I BeJDf'IJ<He xo-
AOBa. Y npBI<M MJ.11fyTHMa ce np BeJlHKHJ.1 XO):(OBHMa BPI.l.Df Aeq,opMH-
cal-be 6J10Ka y3 CTaJlHO OKpeTal-be nocJl e CBaKor xo):(a npH 'fellJY 6J10J<
):( 06Hj a caMO rpy 6 06J1 HK. IIpH AaJbeM pa):(y ce y Ma>blfM XO):(OBlfMa
Bpun. npHnpeMHO KOBal-be (0):( 5. AO 15. "m-rYTa) y3 CTaJIRO CMal-bel-be
XOAa >I nOBeii3l-be 6poj a XO.l\OBa. IIpH Kpajy pa):(a (OA 15. MHH)'T3 rra
HMaJbe) BpUD! ce 3aBpwHo KOB3I-be ca j ow BehHM 6poj eM XO):(OBa y
MJrny-rH. 3a cny'la.i rrapHO-A.'l1,Z\payJlH'-!/ie npece, Kao Ha CJI. 249, nOCTaB-
Jba ce ):{MarHoCT. rqap M 3a rrpecy 11 3a napHH norORCKH ana paT.
'"

(IJ "I"",.Jm!
o , 2 3 f .5 " 7 8 10 I' /2 13 II' IS /5 11 /8 min
en. 250. - ,l{ tol j a rpaM 3 aSHCHOCTJ1 xOAa OA BpeMeHa 3a x J.oIJ\paYJlI4"lHY
npH1'HCKa BpLUM ce no"ohy HH):(MJ<a1'Opa 3a Mepel-be rrpH-
1'HCKa y 3aBI1CHQCTI1 0):( xOAa. OHI1 ce rrOCTaBJbajy Ha pe3epBoap I13RaA
UHIDfH.l\pa rrpece pa):(11 Mepel-ba npl1TI1CKa Bo):(e 3a nY!-bel-be, 3a= Ha
11l1JD11l,I(ap rrOBpaTRHJ<a 3a Mepea.e npl1TI1CKa 113Ha):( H Hcno):( KJlHna rro-
BpaTHJ1l<a. MCTO TaK-O ce HH):{MKaTOpHJ.la Mepl1 rrpl1T11caJ< y napHoM 11
XHApaYJlI1'<HOM ):(eJlY napHor norOHCJ<or anapaTa; Ta):(a ce Mory Rahl1
CI1J1e Koje ):(ejCTBy jy 1<a Jrn):(payJlI1'lIDf 11 Ha napIDI KJlI1IT rroroRcRor ana-
paTa, ):(OK I-bl1X0B O):(HOC ):(aje MeXaHl1'<KI1 Koeq,l1l.{>rjeHaT ):(ej -
CTBa norOHCKor anapaTa. IIJlaRHMeTpl1calbeM nOBprmrna ):{Mja1'paMa
MO>Ke ce Rah}{ OHaTa nOTpe6Ha 3a nOKpeTal-be nOBpaTHM-
Ka, 3a npe):(ITpI1TI1CKI1Bal-be, npl1TI1CKI1Baa.e J1T):(. CJI. 251 ):(aje I13rJle):(
I1H):(l1KaTOpCKOr ):{MjarpaMa 3a npl1TI1CaK nape 11 Te'fROCTH noroHCKor
anapaTa rrpl1 pa3H11M XO):(OBI1Ma O):(HOCHO oITTepeiiea.I1Ma. IIpl1 rro'leTKY
xo):(a nOKa3yj y ):{MjarpaM>! npHTI1CKa nape nopacT y O):(ROCy Ha ):(aJbH
TOR ):(HjarpaMa; OR RaCTaje YCJleA YJlaCKa nape Y ):(01-b11 Aeo rrapRor l.{I1-
Jl l1H,!(pa ROjl1 CJly>KM Kao aMOpTl13ep. IIpl1 AaJbeM AeJlY xo):(a RaCTaje
na):( rrpHTI1CKa y CJle):( YJlaCKa nape Y napHJ< U;HJlI1H):(ap. M3 ):{Mja1'paMa ce
BJ<AH ):(a napIDI norOHCK>I anapaT pa):{M ca ITY!-bel-beM 6e3 eKcnaH3Hje
nape.
Pa):(11 nocMaTpaa.a oITTepeiiel-ba npece 3a ):(y>K11 nepHoA BpeMeHa
y rroTpe5JbaBaj y ce perHCTpyj y iil1 MaROMe1'pl1. OHI1 nOKa3yjy rrpH I13pa):(H
HeKor o):(peljcHor paAHor npC,l\l\leTa npoMeHy nape O.l\HOCHQ
Te'fHOCTH 3a pa3He onepal111je KOBal-ba a y 3aBJ<CHOCTI1 011 BpeMeHa. Ha
Taj Ra'UIH Aaje OBaKaB ,!Il1jarpaM KOHTPOJl Y onTepelieFba npece. Ha CJI.
252 AaT je Aeo ):{MjarpaMa ca perl1CTpy jylier MaHoMCl'pa; 'Ha. l-beMY cy
Yl1PTaHe npoMeRe npl1THCKa y 3aBHCHOCTI1 OA BpcMeHa (OTcTojal-be >13-
Melj y ABe Ta'IKe oAroeapa BpeMeHY 01\ 'I, min),. lVIal-bJ<, Y'lecTaIDI npH-
15 MawHHe 3JIaTKe
226

b
tJ
U

cJ

_ L2
III :.:

eJl. 251. - MaIl"KaTopcKH lI"jarpaMH np>lT>lCKa nape " Te'lHOCT>l napHor
norOHCKor anapaTa
CJI. 252. - ,n;>ljarpaM
IlpOMeHe npwrl1CKa y
3aBHCROCTH 011 Bpe-
MeRa, II06HjeR Ra
Tl1Cl.\1f O,ll;rOBapajy 3aBplllHOM K:OBalbY, ,l\OK ce Bei'll1,
pa3peljeHl1jvr O,ll;HOce Ha npKnpeMHO KOBalbe. MCTO ce
TaKO pacn03Hajy npeKI1,ll;l1 y pa.l\Y npece rrOTPe6H11
3a rrOHOBHO I'pejaHoe 11 Y3J1MaI-be '!\pyror 6J10Ka.
IIOCTaBJbalbe Mepa'fa rrOTpOIIIlbe rrape oMory -
hyje rrOTpOllllbe rrape, perl1CTpO'Balbe Tpe-
HyTa'Ka MI1pOBafba, rrpa3HOr XO,ll;a r,ao 11 MaKCI1MaJl-
HOI' orrrepehefba npece.
Ko,ll; 'fJ1CTO-XI1,ll;pay.1IWlIDfX npeca ce Bpllll1 KOH-
TpOJIa pa,ll;a Ha CJllfqaH Ha'fHH Kao 11 3a rrapHO X11-
,ll;payJl11'fHe . .lJ:a 611 ce KO,ll; OB11X npeca KOHTPOJlJ1CaO
11 Pa,D; XJ1,ll;payJll1'fHor aKYMYJlaTOpa, rrOCTaBJba ce
perncTPyjyhl1 MaHOMeTap y l.\eBOBO,ll; I13Mel)y alKYMy-
JlaTO'pa 11 rrpece. MCTO ce TaKO rrOCTaBJba Ma!HOMeTap
y l.\eBOBO,ll; 3a rryfbelbe l.\l1.ID1H.zwa pa,ll;l1 KOHTpOl1Ie
pe3epBoapa Hl1CKOr rrpl1TI1CKa.
CBa rope H3J1Q}KeHa I1CrIl1TI1Balba O,ll;HOCHO KOH-
TpOJle He Bpllle ce YBeK I1CTOBpeMeHO H CTaJIHO, Beh
ce npeMa rroTpe6H BPWI1 rrOBpeMeHa KOHTpOJIa ca
O,ll;rOBapajyhlfM HHCTPYMeHTl1Ma. IIpl1 MacoBHoj !1ip0-
1f3BO,ll;fbl1 ,ll;OBO.lbHa je rrOBpeMeHa KOHTPOJla, ,ll;OK ce
3a rrpOMeHJblfBe BpCTe pa,ll;a KOOITpOJIa pa,ll;a Bpllll1
I1JrI1 3a rreplfO,ll; I1JIH CTaJIHO.
Ha OCHOBY ,ll;0 <:a,!la 113J10JKeHOr 0 npecaMa 1f3-
Jla311 ,!Ia 3a Malba 11 cpe,D;lba OrrTepehefba HaJIa3e
yrml:BHOM npJ1MeHY MeXMiH'fKe a 3a Beha 11 HajBeha
(15000 TOHa rra If BHWe) xl1,ll;paYJIH'fHe rrpece, Koje
Ta,!la 3aMefbyjy BemrKe rrapHe 'Ie1rnhe.
Pa3HOBpCHOCT Tl1nOBa MeXaHWl'Kl1X npeca npO-
113J1a311 H3 MHOrOCTpa'HC>CTIf npJ1MeHe.
npece yrJlaBHOM HaJIa3e npJ1MeHY 3a KOBa'fKe pa,ll;OBe
na l1 1f3BeCHe pa,ll;OBe 113BJla'felba, ,ll;OK' cy npe nojaBe
JlaKTa.CTl1X npeca cJlY}!C1me If 3a pa,ll;OBe YTl1CKl1Balba.
Kpl1BajHe npece nOrO,ll;He cy HapO'fI1TO 3a rrpo-
Cel.\albe 11 1f3BJla'felbe, rrplf 'feMY cy eKCl.\eHTapCKe
npece or-paHW-IeHe yrJlaBHoM Ha MlUba orr'l1epehelba
(,ll;0 OKO 100 TOHa), ,ll;OK KOJleHaCTe Ha 'Malba 11 Beha orrTepehelba 11 TO
rrOrJlaBl1TO aKO H.l1je rro-rpe6Ha npOMe'HJb11BOCT xO,ll;a.
perncTpyjyheM Ma-
BOMeTPY
227
IIpece J<:Majy CBOjy Cnel\l'ljanHY npHMeBy 3a
J<:3BJIa'lelbe.
AYTOMaTCKe npece y BeJIJ<:Koj Mep>l oMoryhyjy ' MaCOBRy
}bY y XJIa,l1'H'OM >1 TonJIOM CTa}bY.
npece ca CBOjOM aKYMYJIaTOpCKOM 6aTepj.f-
JOM oMoryhyjy l.\ eHTPaIDf30BaIbe nOI'OHa. ce 6e3 063Hpa
Ha MaJI>1 >1.rr>1 BeJI>1K>1 OTnop TPOlIDl Te'lHOCT CTaJIHOr
BJ<:COKor rrpJ<:T>1CKa, je J<:36erHYT rrpecaMa ca B>fllIe l.\KJIKH,II;apa.
YKO.rr>1KO y 6JI>13J<:H>1 >1HCTaJIal..\'J<:je Beh rroCTojJ<: rrapHa >1HCTaJIa-
QJ<:ja, HaJIa3e rrpl<MeHy rrpece, Koj>1X rymeFbeM
nape rrocTojJ<: MoryftHOCT rrpJ<:JIal'OljaBaH>a rrpJ<:T>1CKa nape pa3JD1'1>1TI1'M
OTnopl<Ma.
EJIeKTpO-X>1.l1'PaYJIWfHe rrpece ce nOTrrYHo np>1JIaroljaBajy
MaQKOHMM OTnOpl11\1a, lUTO . rrpeTCTaBJba BeJfJ<:KO rrpel<MyhCTBo rrpeMa
rrpecaMa. UeBHJ<: je BPJIO KpaTaK Te je
>KaBaFbe OJIaKIlIaHO. IIPl1 aYTOMaTcKoM paAY ce no 6pojy xOAoBa y je-
AJffi"'lll1 BpeMeHa rrpJ<:6JHDKaBajy '1eK>fhy.
cnEQHJAJlHE IlPECE
IIpece 3a 3aKmlaFbe
IIpece 3a 3iHornaFbe HaJIa3e rrpJ<:MeHY Hap(l'I>1TO 3a 3aK>1BKe Belie
25 mm py'lHO 3aKI1BaIbe Bl1llle He y 063>1p. A.rr>1 11 3a
Malhe aaK>!BKe HaJIa3e OBe Mallll1He rrplfMeHY, rrolllTo ca lhlfMa CMa-
lhyje P3,l1'HO BpeMe 11 o6e36eljyje KBaJIKTeTa.
IIpeMa Ha'll1HY norOHa pa3Jf11Ky<jy ce:
1) MeXaHI1'IKe rrpece 3a 3aKl1BaIbe,
2) x"'.l1'PaYJII1'1He npece 11
3) xl1Apaym1'IHe npece 3a 3aK>1Balbe.
MeXaHt"!Ke npece 3a 3aKt!Ba?be. llleMa MeXaHIf'lKe npece 3a 3a-
K>lBaIbe je Ha CJI. 253. EJIeKTpOMOTOP 1 nOKpelie rry>K 2
Ha '1>!jeM ce .l1'PYI'OM h."jJajy HaJIa311 3aMajaQ 3 ypaBHOTe>Kelba. Ca
rrJ)Ka rrpeHOC>1 ce KpeTalhe Ha ' rry>KaC'r>! TOqaK 4 Ha q>!joj ce 3aje,l1'H>1-
'1KOj OCOBl1H>I HaJla3>1 Kpl1BajH>1 Mexmt/13aM-rrJlO'l a 5 ca eKcQeHTpWfHOM
OCOB>lHIfl.\OM A. KpKBajH>1 MeXaHYI3aM rroKpehe nOJlyre AB 11 BC. 0Ba
.l1'Pyra nOJIyra je CBOjHM AOIbI<M KpajeM C Be3aHa 3a BepTlfKaJfH>1 rrpl1-
T>lCKI1Baq 6 Ha 'II1jeM ce AOlheM Kpajy HaJIa311 o6JIWKa'l 3a
06J1'11Ka rJIaBI1 3aKJ<:BKa. CnojH>1 3rJlo6 lloJlyra AB 11 BC Be3aH je 3a no
rroJIyry BD ca o6e cTPaHe Mallll1He. ,n:OIb>1 KpajeB>I rroJTYra BD
Be3aH>I cy 3a HCIl()1\fIf'{HY Ta'I'KY D Ha OKJIOrry Mallll1He. IIpl1 oKpeTaIb),
rrJIoqe 5, rypa rroJIyra AB rroJlyry BC rrpl1 "IeMY Ta'I'Ka B oIT>lcyje Kpy-
>roHIf JIYK OKO Ta'IiKe D, Ta"IKa C l<Ma BepTIfKaJfHO KpeTaFbe H3'FIillKe
roplbK p,eo cJIJ1'Ke), qera ce >I 06JD1Kaq wpehe HaH/1-
;e cpopMHpajyh>1 rJlasy. HajHillKJ1 rroJIo)!{aj ,qocTI1JKe o6JIlfKaq rrpl1
BepTl1KaJfHOM rroJlo>Kaj y lloJIyre BC AOFb>l C.rr>1Ke) rrpl1
qeMY ce AOCTI1)!{e HajBelia C>lJIa y rrp>lT/1CKI1Baqy y3 HajMalhY CI1JIY y
1l0JIY3>1 AB. .
IIoJl yra BC ce 0611'IHO Kao eJleMeHaT Cl1rypHOCTI1 rrpe-
ollTepelieFba Ha Taj Ha'lI1H, lUTO je OHa CaCTaBJbeHa 113 ABa 1 11 2,
15'
228
cnojeHa 3aBp'rH>eM 3 H 4 (CJI. 254). Y cJIY'lajy rrpeomepe-
liel-ba npece npeKl1,l\a ce 3aBpTaFb 3 npH 'leMY ce o5a p;eJIa RarHl-bY OKO
OCOBHHl1l\e. 4.
en. 253. - liIeMa MeXaHJ.1'l.JKe npece 3a 3aKJ1S8lbe
li13rJIep; jep;JHe MeXaIDI'lKe npece 3a 3a'Kl1llal-be p;aT je Ha CJI. 255. OBa
npeca HMai Y'peljaj 3a BellIal-be paAYI JIaKU,Ier p;oBoljel-ba AO pap;Hor MeCTa.
aJITepHaTHBa pap;a ca OBaKBOM npecoM
AaTa je Ha CJI . 256, rAe j e rrpeca nOCTaBJbeHa BepTH-
KaJLHO 3a BepTHKaJllio 3aKHBal-be KOTJIOBC;lG1X ,Il;060llIa.
MallIHHa ' 3a XJIaAHO 3aJ{HBal-be MaJIHX 3aKYI-
BaKa, npHKa3aHa Ha CJI. 257, pa,!!;H Ha APyroM npHH-
o,!!; npeTxo,!!;He H CT-pOTO Y3eB He cna,n;a y no-
r JIaBJbe npeca. OBa MallIHHa BpllIM 3a!Kl1llal-be Ha Taj
Ha'll1'H, U1TO rOpl-bH 06JfHKaQ 1 HMa y,!!;apHO H 06pTHO
,l(ejcTBo. Y,!!;a!pHVfM ,!!;ejcTBoM BpllIYI ce ca5Hjal-be
CJI. 254. _ EJleMeHaT rJIaBe, ):10K ce 06pTaI-beM o5JIMKaQa cpopMHpa rJIaBa
c"rypHOCT" 3a Mexa- Koja OBHM Ha'lWROM ,!!;o6Hja BPJI O npaBHJIaH 06JIHK.
HW"<Y npecy 3a 3a- Pa,!!;H rrpOJ13Boljel-ba npeHOCH ce ca eJIeKTpo-
lUIBafbe MOTopa KpeTal-be Ha eKCI.\eRTap KOjl1 ):IJOKe O,D;HOCRO
cnywTa nOJIYry 2. OBa nOJrY,ra npeKo orrpyre 3 npe-
BOCI1 KpeTal-be Ha 06JIWKa'l 1. 06tyrHO KpeTalbe ce Ha 06JfJ1KaQ npeHocH
Il'peKO KaYlUla H n)')KacTor npeHOCHl1Ka. MaUlHHa ce rrYllITa Y pa,n; npH-
TI1CKOM Ha HO)KHY rroJI yry 'lHMe ce YKJbY'ly j e CPpYlKI.(HOHa cnojIHYII.\a.
229
eJJ. 255. - MeXaRH'iKa npeca 3a 3aK11Sa}-be KOT JIoaa .. Schiess-Defries": Hajeehe
onTepefieJ-be 80 TOHa, Haj eeflH rrpel.ll-1NK 3aKHBKa 31 rrun, Jl)'61'IHa '-leJbycTH 3 m
230
XuopaYJ/,u"tne npece 3(L M aWMHe 3a 3aKJ1Bal-be ca XI1-
t\PaYJlw-fHl1M norOHOM y noTpe6JbaBaj y ce 3a 3aKJ1BaFbe Belil1X 11 HajBe-
IiI1X 3aKJ1..8aKa, npl1 '!eMY CI1J1a 3aKI1BaFba MO>Ke P;OCTl1lil1 Bpep;HOCT
op; 150 TOHa.
Ha CJI. 258 p;a1' j e 113rJlep; j ep;He BepTI1KaJIHe npece
3a 3aKl1Bal-be BeJlI1KI1X K01'JlOBCKI1X p;060llIa.
Cn. 257. - MaWHHa 3a 3aKHBat-be
"Edwards Ltd": HajaehH npe1..JHlilK
3aKHBKa 4 nun, 6poj YAapa4a Y
f.U11-ryTJIt 3200, norOHCKa CHa ra
1/6 k. s.
fJl aBe OBe MallIl1He npeTCTaBJbe-
He cy llIeMaTCKI'{ Ha CJI . 259 y Belioj
pa3Mepl1. Ha p;ecHoj l'JlaBI1 HaJla311 ce
rJl am{J1 U;11J1vrHp;ap y 'KOMe je KJIJ1n 2
ca 06J1I1'Ka'IeM 3. I1pep;rrpI1TI1CKI1BaFhe
- rrpI1Mau;al-be 06J1I1Ka'fa - BpllIl1 ce
npeKO MaJlOr K.mma 4. Bpalial-be KJll1na
2 BpllIl1 ce Te"fAOCTI1 y U;11-
Q
o
' 0
o
o
Cn. 258. - XI1ApaynH'IHa npeca 3a
3aKl1BaFbe
JIaHP;P"'!HY llly nJbI1H.Y 5 KJJl1ITa 2 Y KOjOj ce HaJla311 HenOMa'!HI1 KJIl1n 6.
JleBoj rJlaBI1 HaJIa311 ce nO]{peTHI1 U;11J1aHp;ap 7 ca npCTeHaCTl1M acny-
CTOM 3a. JlI1MOBa. OH KJIl1311 DKO OCJlOHu;a 8 3a rJlaBY 3<lJKI1'BKa.
Pap;11 perYJIl1cal-ba CI1J1e 3aKI1Bal-ba Y 3aSI1CHDCTI1 op; rrpeceKa BpaTa 3a-
KI1BKa, npep;Bl11)eH j e Hap04"l1'rl1 BeH1'I1J1 KOjl1 Op;p>KaBa CTaJlaH cneU;l1-
q:mqHI1 npl1'rl1ca'K Ha 3a'KI1BaK op; olm 8000 k g/ cm' rrpeceKa BpaTa
3aKI1BKa.
231
Ba30YULHo-xuOpaYJl.U'i,He npece 3a 3aKUBa1Oe. 3a noroH :lUI,IqJay.IDl-
'-!HI1X npeca 3a 3aKHBafbe nOTpe6Ha je 3ace6Ha XI1JWaY.IDl'iHa KHCTaJla-
I..\Kja . . MeI)YTHM, Ba3J(yllIHO-XI1)lpaYJHf'lHe rrpece Mory )la ce rrpKKJbY"e
Ha cBary 3a ca6KjeHK Ba3J(yx.
en. 259. - IIIeM3 rJI3S3 xMApaYJIJ11'lHe npece 33 33KKBaH:.e
llieMa palla Ba3J(yIlIH0-XJ1,qpay.1lWiHe rrpece )laTa je Ha CJI . 260. Ca-
6Y1jeH11: Ba3)lYX YJla311: y Be.IDlK11 I..\KJIlffi)lap 1 nOTKcKyjyhYl KJIJ<n 2 Ha-
JleBO. KJIYIITHa nOJIyra 3 OBor KJlYlna 'fKHK KJH1n XYI)lpay.rrwrne npece
KOjM ITOTYIcKyje Te'fHOCT 113 MaJlor I..\KJlKHl\pa 4 y pa)lHM I..\KJlHHJ\ap 5 no-
5
7
en. 260. - IIIeM3 B33AYWHO- XJ1Apaym-r1.:JHe npece 33 33KHB3Fbe
TI1CKyjyhK KJIlffi 6, Ha 'fI1j e1l1 ce )lOl-beM Kpajy HaJla3K 06JI11KaQ 7, Ha-
HI1JKe. UOWTO je nOBpllll1Ha rrpeceKa MaJlOr KJIKna 3 MHoro Mal-ba O)l
nOBpllIHHe rrpeceKa BeJIJ1K{)r KJII1rra 2, TO he Ha KJII1TI 5 )lejcTBoBaTl1 Be-
JlHKa CKJIa rrOTpe6Ha 3a 3aKJ1Bal-be. 3a o6JIJ1Ka'fa 3aKHBKY,
Tj. 3a rrpe)lITpKTl1oKYIBal-be, C;ry)KK KJI>l11 8 K3Ha)l KJII1na 6. OH ce rro-
TI1cryje HaHIDKe rroMohy ca6KjeHor Ba3J(yxa npK 'feMY Ta)la KJII1TI 6 YCI1-
CaBa Kp03 I..\KJlKH)lap 4 K l..\eB 9 Te'fHOCT 6e3 rrpKTI10Ka 11:3 pe3epBoapa,
TaKO )la ce 3a oBaj rrpa3aH )leo XO)la TPOWK caMO MaJIa KOJfWfl1Ha ca611-
jeHor Ba3J(yxa.
232
npeca 3a pa3BJla'JelLe JlHMOBEI
IIpeca 3a pa3BJla'telbe mIMosa HaJla3H IlpHMeHY yrJlasHOM y cpa-
6pMKaM3 ajITOM05HJla H aepOrrJlaHa, 3a MaJlOCepJllcKy rrp0Jl!3S0,l1;fbY 5J1aTo-
5paHa JII .lIpyrnx rrpocj))l!JlJIICaHHX .lIeJIOSa O.ll JlHMa.
llieMa paAa TaKBe rrpece, 'tHjJII je rrOI'OH XJII.rqJaYJIH'IKJII , rrpJIIKa3aHa
je Ha CJI. 261. Ii 1 HaJIa3J11 ce KJlHrr 2 'tJlljJII je ropFbH .lIeo Jl!3se-
.lIeH Y sJII.lIY CTOJla. Ra CTO 3 CTaSJba ce KaJlyrr 4 KOj JII MO)\{e 5J11T)1! )l!3pa-
ljeH )l!JlJII O.ll .lIpseTa )l!JlJII JI)I!SeHOr rso)Kl}a. MaTepJllja,lJ y S)I!,lIY JlHMeHe
TpaKe 5 o,!l'rosapajyhe W)I!pl1He npe5al.\yje ce rrpeKo Ka.rryrra, rrpl1 '!eMY
ce KpajesJII CTe)KJ y CTe3a'te 6. IIo.ll .lIejCTBoM Te'tHOCTJII rro.ll rrpl1TI1CKOM
ce KJlHrr ca CTOJlOM 11 Ka.rrynOM Y cMepy I, rrpl1 '1eMY ce JII1M pa-
CTe)\{e 11 npJllJby6Jbyje .)'3 Kanyn A0511jajyhJII Ha Taj Ha'tWH 06J1)1!K Ka-
.rryrra. KpajeBI1 m-rnm, KOjl1 cy 611JIH CTerHynl CTe3a'tHMa, OTCel.\ajy ce
rrocJle saljelba 113 MaWMHe, WTO npeTCTaBJba' J113UeCTaH ry511TaK MaTe-
pl1jaJla. AJlI1 C 05311pOM Ha rrpeMMyhCTua Koja OBa MalllKHa rrpy)\{a: SPJlO
'JI1CTe rroBpunrHe BepHO KOIIMpaHe ca Kanyna, KpaTKO pa.llHO BpeMe, Kao
11 ynOTpe5a jeBTMHI1X ;l\pBeHI1X Ka.rryrra, He rrpeTCTallJba osaj OTrra.llaK
MaTepJlljaJla se.1lJ1lKy CMeTI-bY.
liKOJl.l11{O ID!M rrpJII pa3BJla'teH..)' TPe5a ,!\'a 06yxBaTa Ka.rryrr 11 ca
50'IRl1X CTpaHa (Kao Ha CJI. 261), rrocTojl1 11 MoXyh'HOCT 50'lHOr rroMepalha
CTe3aqa y rrpa1ll.\Y II.
CJI. 262 rrpJ11(1t3yje 3aB'PIllHY cpa3y rrpl1Jby5Jbl1BElFba JIlJIIMa y3 AP-
ueHl1 r<aJlyrr, .lIOK je Ha CJI. 263 rrpl1Ka3aHa Beha rrpeca 3a pa3SJla'teH.e
JlKMOBa.
IIpeca rrpeMa CJI. 263 .lI03S0JbaBa SepTJllKaJIHO ,lIH3albe CTOJla 1 11 Y
Hal'HYToM rroJlo)\{ajy; OBO ce rrOCTI1)\{e A113aH.eM CTOJla rroMohy ,lisa KJI'l1rra
KOj)l! ce rroKpehy rrocpe.llCTBOM ,lise, Meljyc05Ho He3aBJIICHe rryMrre. Ma-
I.l.I'I1Ha rrpeMa CJI. 263 l1Ma qeTKpI1 CTe3aQa YHaKpcHo rrOCTaSJbeHa, Taxo
.lIa ce MOry Y3.l1Y>KHO pa3BJla'lI1TI1 WI1POK)I! JlI1MOSI1 a mmpe'tHo YCKl1.
CTe.3a'le 2 nOKpehy rroce6HI1 eJleKTpOMOTOPI1 rrpeKo 3asoj'HHX BpeTeHa
233
Cn. 262. - TIpJ'lMep H3 r.taWI'lIIM 33 paJBJI31,l e l -be JIH!\'IOB3
en. 263. - npeca 33 Pa.3BJI3'-l el-be JUJi\13 " Hahn & K ol b" : 1'l3j aehe 011-
Tepel\cl'be 150 TOl-l a, XOJt CTOJI3 400 mm, .Il.I1MeH3Hj e CTOJI3 270 X 2100 mm, n orOI-ICKa
CH3ra 33 ceaKY nyi\m y no 3 Ik. S., rt Ol'OHCK3 CH3ra 3a nOICp eTal-be 33aojI-IJIIX npeTeH3
CTe33'-m no 4,5 k. s.
234
He3aBMCHO je,l\aH 0,1\ l1pyror, TaKO ,l\a CTe3ay.M Mory M y KOCOM nOJlO)Kaj y
lIa ce npMM.W-Iy KaJlYny, aKO TO I-bI1XOB 06JlMK 3aXTeBa.
I1YMne 3a nOrOH rrpeca cy 06M'IHO pOTal\MOHe, ca ,l\Ba CTYnl-ba
npl1TI1CKa, Kao npeMa CJl. 237 11 238. CBM npa3H1-1 XO,l\OBI1 06aBJbajy ce
no,l\ HI1CKKM npI1TMCKOM, ,l\OK je BMCOKI1 npWrl1CaK I1CKOPMLilheH caMO
3a pa,l\HI1 XO,l\.
o MaTepMjaJlY- Jll1"MY, KOjl1 ce vnoTpe6JbaBa 3a pa,l\ Ha npe-
caMa 6Mhe rOBopa y O,l\eJbKY 0 aJlaTMMa 3a M3BJla'lel-be.
MAUUlHE 3A MATEPnJAJIA BAJbAlLM
MaUlJfHe 3a XJla,l\HO BaJbalbe
XJla,l\HO BaJbal-be . 3aBojIDll\a je MO,l\epaH nOCTynaK 3a cepl1cKy 113-
pa.u;y 3aBoj'IDl1..\a nYTeM nJlaCTWIHe ,l\e<PopMal.(l1je MaTepl1jaJIa.
I1pI1Hl\l1n BaJbaJ-ba 3aBojHI11.\a rrpl1Ka3aH je llleMaTCKl1 Ha CJl. 264 a.
Pa,l\Hl1 rrpe,l\MeT l-CTa6Jlo 3aBpTIba 6e3 3aBojHi1"l\e-CTaBJba ce IriMel)y ,l\Ba
KaJlyna : HenOMW-UIOr 2 M nOMl1'JHOr 3, a Ha 'Il1j 11M cy YHYTPallIlbl1"M nOBp-
llll1HaMa ype3aH'l1 npaBOJIl1HMCKI1 )f(Jbe60BI1 npoqJl1Jla 3aBojHl11.\e_ KpeTa-
lheM nOMl1'1HOr KaJIyna 3 y JleBO, KOTpJbahe ce-BaJbahe ce 11 Pa,llHl1 npe,l\-
MeT 113Mel)y KaJlyna YJleBO npK y.eMY ce YTl1cKyje 3aBojHl1l\a y
npe,l\MeT. I10CJle nOJla 06pTa pa,l\Hor YTI1"CHYTa je 3aBojHKl\a
no l\eJIOM 0611MY, ,l\OK ce ,llaJbI1M 06pTalheM Bpllll1 3aBpllIHO
Pa.l\l1 nOC'I1I1:3alha O,l\ rOBapajyhe cpl1Holie 3aBojHi1"l\e y rpaHl11.\aMa ,l\03BO-
JbeHl1X HerrOM>f'rn11 KaJIYn MO)f(e ce Harn1baTl1 rrpeMa rrpaB-
L\Y KpeTalha nOMl1y.Hor KaJIYITa, ,l\a 611" ce nOCT11rJlI1 pa3HI1 yrJlOBl1 Harl16a
3aBojHI1"l\e y 3aBMCHOCTI1 O,l\ npe'lHI1Ka 3aBpTlha.
oj
en. 264 - lll eMC1 npaBOJun-fI1CKOf' aaJba!-ba 3asojSJ.1qa
J1.a 611 ce y6Jla)KMO nO'IeTaK YTMCKI1Balha- BaJbaH>a, MO)f(e ce KaJIY-
lTI1"Ma Ha lhl1XOBOM nO'IeTHOM ,l\eJIY ,l\aTI1 6Jlar Harl16 3a ,l\'y)f(I1HY 0611"Ma
o TeJla 3aBpTlha (CJl. 264 b). I10'l eB O,l\ Te .u;Y*l1He nocTajy nOBplll"fHe Ka-
Jlyna paBHe. Ha OBOM paBHOM ,l\eJlY, Y.l1ja je ,l\y)f(l1Ha je,u;HaKa ITOJlOBI1Hl1
235
0611Ma CTs6J1,a 3aBpnbS, BPW'" ce 3aBpWHO SaJbalbC. 3aTI4M HacTaje naA
1l0BpW"'Ha paAM "'3J1aCKa paAHor npCAMe'l'a.
llpe'fl-I"'K cTa6Jla 3aBpTl'ba, Ha KOMe lie CC Y'I''''CHYT''' 3aBojmfl\a,
Mopa 6",,,,,, Mal-b'" OA CnOJhalUlbCr np 'IH"'Ka 3aBpTI'ba. Iberos npe'lH"'K
oApei}yje ce "'3 jeAHaKoCTI< 3anpeMI<Ha TeJla I< rOTOBor
3aSp1'lba ca 3asojHI<l\OM. llpe'lHI<K cTa6J1a 3aSp1'l'ba rfpe SaJhaHoa MO>Ke
ce OApeAJ<T11 I< no
rAe je d-CnOJhHI< npe'lH"'K 3asojHI<ue a dl npe'lH""K je:Jrpa 3asp1'J-ba.
llpeMa TOMe ce npl< SaJhal'bY MaTepl<jaJl nOMolly KaJlyna I<CTl1cKyje TaKO
Aa I1cnYJ-basa npocP.'lJIe KaJlyna. Ha CJI. 265 AaTO je ynope"el'be 'I'OKa
BJlaKaHa MaTepl<jaJla 3a I<3pai}eHe pe3al'beM 11 SaJhal'beM.
(CJI. 265 a) npeTCTaSJba pe3aHy 3asoj-
BJlaKHa MaTepl1jaJla cy pe3aJ-beM
npeKI1Hyra WTO 14Ma 3a ja'ly
KOHUeHTpaul1jy Ha KopeHY npo-
epl1Jla. KOA 3aBojHI<l.\e l1":Jpa"eHe BaJba-
1-beoM (CJI. 265 b) , BJlaKHa cy HenpeKI<AHa
TaKO /.Ia cy Hanpe3al'ba Ha KopeHY npo- a)
epl1J1a MHoro Mal'ba.
llope/.l nOBOJhHl1je paCnOAeJle Harrpe-
3al'ba, rrpel<MY"CTBo BaJbaHI1X 3allojmo.\a
npeMa pe3alHfM Jle>K11 '11 y KpaheM paAHOM
apeMeHY Y311Majyhl1 rrpl1 TOMe KOA BaJba-
b)
"I<X 3aBoj I""ua y 063i-rp }f paAHO BpeMe
nOTpe6HO 3a npeTXOAHV 06pSAY C'l'a6J1a
3aBpTI'ba pe3al'beM. CJI . 266 Aaje npI16J111-
.>K>T,Y CJtHKy jeAHe MaWl1He
3a BaJhal'be 3aBojH11ua y nope"el'bY C;;t
en. 265. - TOK BJlaKH,a 3anpTlba
- a) 33 proaHY 3aooj"H4Y, 6 ..aD
BaJb3l-IY
aYToMaTa 3a pe3al'be 3asojHl1ua. Osa cmrKa
6JTI1>KHa, nOWTO Kanaul1TeT ceM OA MaLUMHa jow 3aSI1CI1
3aul1je caMe rrp0l<3BOAIbe.
je caMO npl1-
11 OA OpraHI1-
Ha CJI. 264 61<0 je np"Ka3aH npl1Hul1n BaJbal'ba 3asojHI1ua 3a cJly-
'1aj nJlO'laCTI1X KaJlyna ca npaSOJll>lHI1CKMM KpeTal'beM. OBaj Ha'lI1H npa-
SOJIJ1.HI1CKor SaJbaHoa 3aMeHoeH je y HOBl1je BpeMe Kpy>K"I<M BaJbaJ-beM
nOMohy ABa BaJbKa. PaAHI1 rrpej\MeT-CTa6J10 3aBpTI'ba 6e3 3aBojH"'ue -
CTaSJba ce 113Me"y ABa BaJbKa ' lI1jl1 cy 0601\"11 npoepl1JlJ<CaHI< npeMa
npoepl1J1y Tpa>KeHe 3aBojHI1ue (CJI. 267). llpl1 06p1'aJ-by BBJbaKa 06phe
ce '" cTa6J10 3asp1'J-ba .y Koje ce YTl1cKyje npoepl1J1 33Bojlmue. MecTo
Aa ce paAHM npeAMeT CJl060AHO oKpehe 113Me"y BaJhaKa, MO>Ke ce I1CTl1
nOCTaB""I'I< I< Ha HapO'll<l'I< Hoca'l (CJI . 268) CJll<YHO 6pyweJ-by 6e3
U[I1JbaKa.
Ha OCHOSY ropl'bC'r Mory ce npeMa TOMe pa1JI"'KOBal'I< MaWI<He 3a
BBJbat'be 3aBojHI<ua ca npaBOJl I1HI1CKMM I< ca "PY>KHI<M KpeTal'beM.
MawuHe 3a npaaOJlU1IUC1CO BCLJba,be 3aeojHwu,a. llieMa paAa 'I'aKBe
Maurl1He np"Ka3aHa je Ha CJI. 269. Ca eJleK"pOMoTopa 1 npeHOCI1 ce
KpeT,Ube npeKo 3yn'laH"'Ka 2 11 3 lia t<oJle'Iracl'O BpaTI<.IIo 4, Koje rrpeKo
nOJryre 5 nOKpell e t<JII<3a'I 6 ca nOKpeTHI1M KaJlynoM 7. PaAIDf npeA-
MeT 8 CTaBJba ce 113Mei}y nOKpe'rHor KaJlyna 7 11 HenoKpeTHor 9. TIPl<
236
o 'f 8 12 16 20 2 28 32 .JG '10 '1'1mm
- CtlOI1>16lL tlJJeY){lU<
en. 266. - ,UlljarpaM ynopei)eJ-ba I{anaL..\ltfTeTa j\'laWl'lHe 3a BaJbal-be 33Boj1-l1l l(a It
aYTOM3Ta 33 p e331-be 33BojHIIl{a
C.TT. 269. - lllel\'Ia MaWIfHe 38 npaaOnl l fllil CKO BaJbalbe aaBojHI'I Qa
237
KpeTa}bY KJTJ<3a'la HaJleBO, KpeTafie ce H paAH>! npe,AMeT HaJleBO y 3
J1CTOBpeMeHO 06pTaa.e.
TI PI1 BaJbaa.y 3aBoj.fHlIa jaBJbajy ce KaO OTnopw ,ABe KOMTIOHeHTe
11 TO pa,Al1jaJlHa F R H TaHreHL<J1jaJlH3 Fr. Pa,AwjaJIHa Ko,mOHeHTa h ,
Mea.a ce npeMa Reichel-y, Ha OCHOBY HCnl1'nmalba 3aBpTFba O,A 1' /,"
AY>Kl1l!e 3aBojl!'l1l1e O,A 1 cm, Jll11!eapHO y 3aBl1CHOCTW O,A TBP,Aofie MaTe-
p'rjaJla 3aspTa.a no Brinelt- y (CJI. 270). O,AHOC TaHreHlIwjaJllre KOMno-
HeHTe npeMa pa,AWjaJIHoj KOMnOHeHTI1 je,
Kao WTO cy nOKa3aJla >rCm1TI1Baa.a, K01<-
CTaHTaH 11 113HOCJ1 npW6J1}UKHO 0,16.
vb ,AwjarpaMa Ha CJI. 271 BI1,A11 ce,
npeMa I1CnHTJ1saa.I1Ma ReicheL-a, YTl1qaj
nOBefiafua npe'lKI1Ka-CTa6J1a 3aBpT}ba Ha
nopacT pa,AWjaJlHe H TaHreHL<J1jaJll!e KOM-
nOHeHTe. MepeFbe j e BpWel!O nOMofiy XH-
,ApaYJTl1'1Hor ypel)aja 3a Mepea.e cWJle.
Kao WTO ce 113 ,AWj arpaMa Bl1,AI1, He3HaTHO
nOBeliaa.e npe'lHl1Ka l1Ma 3a nocJle.Al1l1Y
3HaTaH nopacT omepefiea.a MalUY1He, Te
je CTora nOTpe6Ho npe nO'leTKa pa,Aa Ta-
'1HO WCnl1TaTI1 nOTpe6aH npe'lHKK 11 TO
nOCTeneHHM !pa,Al1j aJTHJ1M npI16JT11>KaBa-
a.eM KaJlyna ,AOK ce He ,A0611je Ta'la'H
npocjmJl.
v
--
V
./
V
V
o 20 '10 60 80 I{}() (20 1-.0 160 /80 200 Z20
- - tll.dMo/lq DW}(I!/7-l/
. Cn. 270. - 3 asHcHocT pa.ll. l-Ijamie KOl\tnOHeHTe
F R O.lt TSP.ll. ohe i\ taTepvJj aJIa 3aapnba no Bl'ittelL- y
'f if.
t
22
20
(8
(.
l'
12
fO
8
"
2
o
-
F.
I,n<"j'
--
- F.

V

(}/"
q(,
V
/ !)
1",/
V
/
V
/
."
V
----
V
_ ?J!-
-
-
-
_;}f. ---
-
2'! ..
---
-- --
2!J,f 2!J,J 29,.f' 2J.7",,,.
en. 271. - ,lJ;Vl j arpaM YTHI"taja
nOaenatb3 npeQHl1Ka TeJI3 3a-
apTlba Ha nopaCT paAMjaJlHe w
TaHI'eHl.\l1janHe KOMnOHe HTe
OTnopa
Mawu'H.e 3a "PYJlCHO BaJba1be MaWl1Ha ca Kpy>KHWM
KpeTaa. eM npeTCTaBJba MO,AepaH 1'11.11 Malll-fHe 3a BaJbaJ-be 3aBoj HKlIa.
llieHa weMa pa,Aa npWKa3aHa je Ha CJI. 272. Ca eJleKTpOMoTopa 1 npe-
HOCI1 ce npeKo KaWllIHWKa KpeTaa.e Ha cpe,lll-be BpaTWJlO npeHOCKI1Ka 2,
a ca OBor npeKo nOMepJb11Be rpyne 3YTI'laHKKa Ha ropa.e 'w ,AOFbe Bpa-
TWJlO npeHOCHI1Ka, 3aTMM ce npeKo nY>KaCTI1X npeHOOHl1Ka nOKpefiy
Bpa11l1J1a 3 11 4 11 saJbllW 5 W 6. BaJbaK 5 je HenOMI1'1aH, ,AOK ce BaJbaK
6 3aje,AHO ca BpaTWJlOM 4 MO}!{e npl16J1}l)KaBaTW O,AHOCHO O,AMKlIaTW O,A
pa,l\Hor npe,AMeTa. TI oKpeTaFbe OBor BaJbKa BPWW ce rrpeKo KJlWnOBa 7
I!a Koje ,AejcTByje Te'lHOCT no,A npWTI1CKOM. Y IIOQeTKy paAa BpllIl1 ce
JlaraHO npl1MKlIafue ,AeCHor BaJbKa, IIPI1 '1eMY ce BPWI1 YTI1CKl1BaFhe 3a-
?38
Bojmfl-\e no l-\eJloj .l\YJKlnrn, TaKO .l\a je pa,llliO BpeMe I1CTO KaKO 3a .l\YJKY
TaKO 11 3a Kpahy 3aBojHl1I-\Y.
BpeMe BaJbali>a MOJKe ce y 3aBl1CHOCTl1 0.1\ MaTepl1jaJla perYJlM-
caTIl. Y TpeHYTKY Ka.l\a j e O.l\pel}eHo BpeMe Tpajalba BaJbaJba nOCTMfH)'-
TO, npeKl1.l\a HapO'lI1TI1 KOHTPOJlH>I ypel}aj .l\ejcTBo np>lTIlCKa nocJle '1era
ce nOKpeTHI1 BaJbaK O.l\MaX Bpaha y nO'leTHI1 nOJlOJKaj.
en. 272. - liIeMa MaWHHe 3a Kp YW.I-IQ BaJhaa.e
Ha CJI. 273 .l\aT j e 113rJl e.l\ je.l\He 3a KpY>KHO BaJbali>e 3a-
BojHJ1l-\a. Ha C.IDfi.\11 ce BI1.1\I1 MaHOMeTap 3a nOKa3MBaH>e TpeHyTHe CI1J1e
npI1TMCIOIllaH>a.
lIbrJle.l\ BaJbaK<l 3a BaJbalbe l!aT je Ha CJI . 274. OHI1 ce I13palJyj y
0.1\ cnel-\MjaJlHor Jlerl1paHor qeJl>lxa 11 6py ce ce nocJle TepMI1'IKe 06pa.l\e.
3 a CBaKl1 KopaK 11 CBaKI1 npe'lHI1,K 3aBojHMl.\e nOTpe6aH je 3ace5aH nap
BaJbaKa. Ca je,llliMM napOM BaJbaK<l Mory ce 113pa)\>lTI1 20000+50000 3a-
BojHl1l-\a a Y 3aB'I1CHOCTI1 0.1\ TBp,!\ote MaTepl1jaJla pa.l\HOr npe.l\MeTa.
MaWI1He 3a 113paAY 3ynQaHI1Ka BaJbaJbeM
ITopeA KJlaCI1'IHOr Ha'lll"Ha 113paAe 3yn'laHI1Ka pe3ali>eM, pa3BI1jajy
ce nOCJle.l\li>KX rO,l\MHa 11 MeTO):le 113pa):le 3yn'laHKKa nJlaCTWfllOM .lie-
<popMal.\MioM, Koje npeTCTaBJbajy BeOMa np0.l\YKTI1BHe 11 BI1COKOKBaJDI-
TeTRe lMeTO):le 3a MacoBHY np0l13BO):llbY 3YIT'IaHKKa. Pa3.ID1Kyjy ce Me-
TO):la 113pa):le KOBalbeM Y KaJlyny 11 MeTO):la peJlaTI1BHI1M K01'pJbali>eM.
J1:rpa):la 3ynQa.HMKa KOBafbeM y KaJlyny npeTCTaBJba MeTO):ly no-
ro):lHy 3a M3pa):ly Bete KOJll1'll1He I1CTI1X 3ynQa'Hl1Ka, ca I1C'l'l1M 6pojeM
3y5al-\a 11 I1CTKM MO):lYJlOM. Hel10CTaTaK OBe MeTO):le je y TOMe WTO je.l\aH
Ka.rryn O):lfOB<lpa caMO je):lHOM TI1TIY 3ynQaH>I"Ka O.l\pel}eHor M0.l\YJla 11 0):1-
pel}eHor 6poja 3y6al-\a.
CaBpeMeHil1jy 11 npO):lYKTI1BHMjy MeTO):ly 0):1 KOBalba y KaJlyny
npeTCTaBJba MeTO):la peJlaTI1BHI1M KOTpJbalbeM. CaM npl1HI-\Kn paAa npl1-
Ka3aH je Ha CJI. 275, r):le je ca 1 03HaQeH aJlaT y BI1AY 3YIT'laHMKa a ca
23
C::. 2.3. - :mUia.Ja h."pTnrno Ba."b3.!be 3aa:Ojm!:la :: 0 ::la7en:-:;- J':CgeT!' ':r.": aaj -
aeha C::J!-"'l a 6500 aajlla!hH rnD.'1:t.H:o;: =-pe1.ffi:j:::K 3a305m:::::e 3 :n.1Jl.
aajsehH 30 :::n..-n.. S:OpaK 0.5. aa:ae:h1:: KD]:)aZ 2...5 :n.:n.
H3jseha .:;Y:SUHa. 3aBOje:u::re 60 m:'U. Hajseha )a"GlHa .wa; ep:::a.:.a Ea :PrCUP..D:
npe,:Jr.!:eT3 05 m;n! ca g'l H3 '"i3C 120 -=- .;M) c:!a.-a
:- nO:"QHCiCO: "oro. - 2"'; s_ CHa-a ' pa 33 30:0B rr: .... '>":!e :.. ; 5...
240
Cn. 275. - IIp'JHl1,,n 'J3pa/le 3YrPi a-
HJ<Ka nnaCTI<'IHOM /lecj:lopMaIl"joM y3
penaTJ.1BHO KOTpJbalbe
Cn. 276. - IIPHHIlJffi H3pa/le 3yrrqa-
HHKa nJIaCTW-IHOM ca
TPH 3ynQaCTa Ba]bKa
3arpeBarhe SeH1.(a pa,n.HOr npeAMeTa,

AOK ce KOA MaIbl1X MO>Ke nocTI1h11

- YTI1CKl1BaIbe Y XJIaAHOM CTarhY.
'--ztj'"""1IopeA VTI1CKI1Balba CaMO ca jeAHHM
J aJIaTOMKaO Ha CJI. 275, HaJIa311 npl1-
MeHV 11 Cl1CTeM ca ABa I1JII1 ca Tpl1
" / Y BHAY 3ynQa'CTl1X BaJbaKa 1
(CJI. 276) ; oBaj HR'f)ffi o6e36e!)yje
60Jbe nOHJ1WTaBalhe paAJ1jaJIHJ1x
KOMnOHeHaTa CI1JIR Koje onTepeliyjy
bJ OCOBI1HY paAHor npe,lliMeTa. IIpel1-
MylicTBO BaJbaHHX '3yn'iaHHKa y
OAHOCY HR pe3RHe npoM3JIa311, CJIH-
'iHO 113pa,n.11 113 'iHH>e-
HI1u;e Aa ce npl1 pe3aIbY 3yn'iaHHKa
Bpilll1 OillTpO MaTepl1jaJIa
(CJI . 277 /a), AOK ce npl1 W1aCTM'iHoj
Cn. 277. - 06n"K BnaKaHa MaTep.Jjana
npJII Klpa.zVI 3yn"laHwKa a) pe3al-beM,
b) nnaCTW,"OM /lecj:lopMRl1"joM
peJIaTI1BHI1M KOTpJbarheM MaTepl1jaJI caMO nOBl1ja (CJI.
277 b), 'l'l1Me ce Y nOCJIeArheM c.rrY'iajy nOCTl1>Ke Betla AI1HaMWfKa 113AP-
)KJbI1BOCT MaTepl1j RJIa.
.f
eJI. 278. - npOcTa weMa jeJl.lie MaWJllHe 38 .H3paAY 3yn"laHHKa nnaCTJIlQROM .z:te-
cPopMaI..tJ1joM y3 peJIa'J'lJIIBHO KOTpJbal-be
241
Ha eJI. 278 npl1Ka3a.Ha je npocTa weMa je.l\He MaurnHe 3a 113pa,llY
3YlT'laHJ.lJ{a nJIa='IHOM ,lIecpopMal.\l1joM y3 peJIa'l'l1BHO KOTpJbaEbe. Pa-
,lIHI< npe.l\MeT 1 HaJIa31< ce 1<3Meljy ABa aJIaTHa 3YlT'laCTa BaJbKa 2 KOjl1 ce
pa,lll1jaJIHo YTI<CKYjy Y pa,[tIDf npe,llMeT nOCpe,llCTBOM xl<.l\pay.lIl1'IR>IX
ypeJ:jaja .3. 61< ce OCTBapl1JIO
npHHy,llHO peJIaTHBHO
H3MeJ:jy aJIaTa I< pa.l\HOr npe,llMe-
Ta, npe.l\BKljeHa j e KI<Re-
MaTCKa nOBe3aHOCT 3ynqaornI.\HMa
4, .5 I< 6.
Pa,llH nOCTI<3aJba Belle Ta't-
ROCTI< I< YKJIaH>aH>a
HI<X .l\ecpopMal.\Hja RacT'a.rrnx ITpl1
BaJbaa.y y TOnJIOMi CTaJbY, npe,l\-
Bl<lja ce 1-1 HaKHa,llHa 06pa,lla Ba-
JbaJbeM y XJIa,llHOM CTaH>Y, 'tl1Me
ce <nOCTI<>Ke I< ojaqa,lbe MaTepl1-
.iaJIa XJIa,lIH11M ca6l1jaJbeM. ITpl<
BaJbaH>Y y TonJIOM CTaa.y ce 3a-
rpeBaH>e 'BPlll11 >l1H,l\yKTl1'BHl1M ny -
TeM Ta1<O .l\a ce caMO BeHa'-l 3yn-
'taHHKa .l\OBO,llH Y yOl1j aHO CTaH>e
.l\0 TeMITepaTyPe Oll. OKO 1000 C.
ITpeM3 pe3YJITaTJ1Ma ITJofW-
'teBI<X pa.l\OBa H3 OBe 06JIa'CTI<,
.l\ecp0pMaI.\I<OHI< OTnop ce npl1
y no'teTHOM .l\eJIY
pa.l\l1jaJIHOr xO.l\a ITpHMl<l.\aH>a
HarJIO nOBehaaa a 3aTl1M cnopl<-
je pacTe, npl< 'teMY HacTaje y
npBOM nepl<O,lly Y1'l1CK11BaJba pa3-
MaTepl<jaJIa y .pa,lll<jaJI-
HOM a 3aTl1M y ' 60'tHOM npaBI.\Y
0
//
/
V
V
1.0
Ir-
'-
o 0.2 0.6 0,8
--Y/;'
CJI. 279. ,l(J-rjal'paM npoMeHe
F R/kdo Y 3aaWCRQCTJ1 o,n; peJtaTJ1BHOr YTJ1-
CK'MBalha npll JoI3pa)l)1 3Yrr-IaHl1Ka pella-
l'J1BHfilM KOTpJbafheM y nnaCTM'qHQM CrrGll-bY
3y631.\a pa.l\HOr eJI. 279 npl<Ka3yje
nOMeHyTY npOMeHy y BI<AY
AHjarpaMa. 3aa1-lCHOCTI< OARoca pa,lll<jaJIHor ,lIeq,opMaI.\I<OHOT OTnopa
npeMa Cnel.\HcpWfHOM ,lIecpopMal.\110HOM OTnopy F Ri kdo y 3a'BI<CHOCTl1 0.11
peJIaTI<BHOr yi ll 3y6al.\a aJIaTHOr 3yIT'taHHKll
y MaTepHjaJI pa,llHOr npe,llMeTa, aKO ce ca y 03Ha'tH BeJIWfI<Ha pa,lll1jaJI-
Hor npO,llHpaJba a ca h yKyITHa BI<CHHa 3YITl.\a. Kpl1Ba npe.'.'la CJI. 279
HaljeRa je 3a MOAYJI 1,75 mm, ,lI0K ce Bpe,llHOCTI< F RlkdQ 3a ,lIp;yre MO-
,lIYJIe npJof6JIH)KHO' ca KBa,llpaTOM MOAYJIa.
KOBa'IKl1 BaJbl\11
BaJbaFbe MaTepl1jaJIa ca KOBa'tKI1M BaJb'-lJofMa y nOTpe6JbaBa ce Me-
CTO KOBaH>a MaTep11jaJIa y KaJIynJofMa no,ll QeK11'heM JofJIl1 npec.oM.
BaJbaH>a ca KOBaqKI1M BaJbl.(l1Ma npl1Ka9a'fl je Ra CJI. 280.
3a BaJbaK 1 nplf"-lBpWfieml cy nOJIYKpY)\{!ffi KaJIym! 2 Ha 'tl1jJofM cy 060.11-
HHM nOBpWI1HaMa 113paljeHa o,llroBapajylla npeMa 06mfKY
16 MawlIIHe aJtaTKe
242
Tpa>KeHOr pa,AHOr npeAMeTa. I1PI1 OKpeTalbV BaJbaKa yTl1CKyjy ce I1cnyn-
'leFba KaJlyna y MaTepl1jaJl Aajyhl1 My Hil Taj Ha'lI1H >KeJbeJ-rn 06JJ1-1K.
AKO je npeceK Tpa>KeHOr paAHor npeAMeTa CI1MeTpl1'laH, TaAa ce
nOAeJia Ha 1'0PFbl1 11 AOFbl1 BaJbaK BPWI1 no OCI1 CI1MeTpl1je (CJI. 281). He-
p 'JMeTPWlHl1 rrpeceUI1 AeJle ce TaKO Aa nOBpWl1"FIe npeceKa 3a AOFbI1
rOpFbI1 KaJlyn 6Y.l4Y jeAHaKe. TIoJlynpe'lHIIK yHyTPawFber 3a06JbeFba
ce
(, ::::::: 0,5 (110 - 11,) ,
a CnOJbaUIfber
("::::::: O,2 ..c: 0,3 (110 - h,).
PaA1>I JlaKlller pa3JrnBafua MaTepl1jaJla Kao 11 JlaKlller Bal}efua OAHOCHO
I1CrraAaFba pa,Z4Hor rrpeAMeTa 1>13 KaJlyna, ,u.aje ce 60'ilnllVI cTpaHaMa
HarKfi 0.14 a 3
0
3(\ ,Ay6J>!He YAy6Jbel-ba y BaJbUl'[Ma .140 10 mm a a 10"
3a Ay6KHe .140 35 mm.
YKOJll>fKO ce, YCJleA BeJll>fKe pa3.IDfKe y nOBprnl1HaMa rrpeceKa rrpe
1>1 nocJle BaJbaFba, rrpl1 jeAHoM nponylllTafby He MO>Ke .1406111'1>1 3aBplllHI1
o6.IDfK, Bplll11 ce BaJbafue y ABe J>!Jrn BI1111e onepaUl1ja OAHOCHO np ony -
lllTafue Kp03 ABa 1>1= Bl1llIe KaJrn6apa Ha BaJbUJ>fMa. KaJll16pl1 (y AY6Jbe-
Fba) Mory 611TJ>! 113pal}eml Ha I1CTOM KaJlyny ieAaH nope,A APyror TaKO
,Aa ce nocJle rrporrylllTafua Kp03 jeAaH, MaTepl1jaJl 0AMax npony-
CJI. 280. - liIeMa palla KOBa'lK>1X
e3Ib3K3
lilTa Kp03 CJleAehl1. Bpoj npOJla3a
MaTepl1jaJla Kp03 BaJbKe OAHOCHO
6poj onepaul1ja oApel)yje ce no
o6pacuy
n = log Ao - log A,
log!
rAe je Ao nOBpllil1Ha npeceKa MaTe-
rrpe BaJbafua, AI nOBpIJ.:J1Ha
CJI. 281. - IIpeceK KP03
KaJlyne Kosa1.UGfX B3JbaKa
npeceKa nocJle BaJbafua, a f je Koecpl1L(J>!jeHT AecpopMaUl1je KOjl1 ce
K:pelie 113Mel)y 1,2 1>1 1,3.
BaJbL(l1 . 3a KOBalbe Mory ce y noTpe6I1TI1 3a 113paAY pa3J-rnx KOBa-
HJ>!X ,AeJlO'Ba y KaJlyny a HapO'll1TO 3a AeJlOBe 'lI1j 11 ce npeceK nocreneHo
nOBefiaBa. Ha CJI. 282 AaT je 113rJleA Mallll1He 3a KOBa'lKO BaJbaFbe Kpa-
KOBa eJJJ>!ca 3a aepOnJiaHe.
;a F-
z .z::x: -=-::::"X ':.':: =;
;[ L.:'" ..::......::.: =- __

- :
::_.:::a::::=:::c: _ - :-_.::=r.::; :r..;:.;: ... --==-
244
nOCTOJbY HaJIa3W ce Y3,l1y>KHa nO,llJIora 3 y HH,lIy ,lIOJher KaJIyna. JIWM
CTaBJbeH Ha ,lIOI-bl1 KaJIyn, KOjW HMa o,llrosapajyhe Y,lIy6Jbel-be, npecaswhe
ce no,ll npwI'WCKOM npWTWCKHBa"la no lIeJIoj ,lIyJKHHJ1. Mel-bal-beM 06IDfKa
KaJIyna ,lIo6l1he ce Ha Taj Ha"fHH npocj:mJIJ1 pa3JIH"IWTOr 06JIWKa.
!!




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21
'----
en. 284. - IIp>lMep''' palla Ha MaW>lH>I 3a rrpecaB.ljalbe
Ha CJI. 284 ,lIaTW cy pa3Jl.WU1TW npwMepw npecaswja.lha . .IJ:O.lhW KaJIyn
j e TaKO 'W3Se,lleH ,lIa Ha CBe '-leTl1pW CTpaJie WMa y,llY'6JbeFba pa3.TfJ<f'-lWTOr
npocpl1JIa, TaKO ,lIa ce fberOBl1M oKpeTafbeM MO>Ke CTaBWTW y pa,llHl1 no-
245
JIOmaj }l{eJbeHl1 npOcPlI1JI, J\OK ce O,lJ, f OBapajyhM r Oprbl1 KaJI YIU( nOce6HO
nOc-raBJbaj y.
A Ko j e npwrMcK'lBa'-! Ha Kpaj y npOWI1peH KaO Ha CJ!. 285 " 286,
Mor y ce nOCTeneHH.1111 caBHj mbe!'1. "!{o6J1 1'J1 11 3aTBOp e Hl1 o6pyl.{J1.
M3fJI eA j e ,o;He MaUH IHe 38, npeCaBJ1j al-be Jl l1MOSa ea MeXal-HIYKJ1M
norOHOM ,o,aT j e Ha CJI. 286. D oroH ce Ha eKcu,eHTapcKo SpaTHJIO npeHOCJiI
ea eJIeKTpOMoTopa npeKO 3aI\'I aju,a, cnojHI-lue ca JI aMeJ1 aMa M CI1CTel\'!'a
3y n'-! aJ-Il1Ka pa.l\l1 CMa>beJba 6poj a 06pTa.
M ecTo MexaH114KOl' norOl-la, Kao 3a M3 lUl1HY Ha eJl. 286. npHMeFby j e
ce 11 XI1.r:tpaY.1IYl'HIJ1 norOH npJ1THCKI1Sat.l a.
CJI. 285. - K PY<KI'IO caBVlj aa.e Ila IlpowHpeHoM J\eJIY' M3Wl1He 33
npecaBHj ar .... e : Jl eBO - TOK - 33BpweHO c3BHjalbe
XI1J:(payJlI1'-!H11 nOrOH oMor yll aBa Behl1 XO.l\ npI1TI1CKI1Ba'la 0.1\ Mexa-
Hl1'-!Kor ca eKCQeHTpoC\'!, '111Me je oMory heHo 11 rrpecaBwjaJ-be .l\Y6JbJ1X rrpo-
cpl1J1a. X'1.1\paYJlI1'lHJ1 rrorOH .l\03BOJbaBa p er YID1ca>be BeID1'-!J1He XO.l\a a
caM paA je ceM Tora MI1PHl1jl1 11 6e3 y.l\apa, npl1 '1eMY rrpI1TI1CKJ1Ba-q y
Kpaj>beM nOJlO>Kaj y MO}!{e AejCTBoBaTI1 npeMa nOTpe611 11 AY>Ke BpeMe.
Ba>KaH eJIeMeHaT KO,n x J1.ll.paYJI11YID1X MaWI1Ha 3a rrpeCaBJ1jalbe je
y pe!)aj 3a napaJl eJlHO Bo!)e>be npI1TI1CKl1Ba'Ia. IlieMa xl1Apay.rrl1'rne l1HCTa-
Jl aU;l1je ca y pe!)aj eM 3a napaJleJlHO Bol;e'be npI1TJ1CKl1Ba-qa AaTa j e Ha CJI.
287. ITy .ma 1 YCl1caBa 113 pe3epBoapa 2 Te'-!HOCT (BO.l\a ca AOAaTKOM cpeA-
CTBa 3a 3awTI1TY OA pl)e I1J1J1 cneQl1j aJl Ho YJbe 3a x"APaYJlI1'fHe I1HCTa-
Jl aQl1j e) KOj y Kp03 BOA .3 nOTI1CKYj e y per YJlaTOp KOjl1 ce caCTojl1 113 ABa
AeJla: r Jl aaHor pa3BOAHor BeHTI1J1a 4 11 BeHTI1J1a 3a napaJleJlHO Bo!)e>be 5.
I1peKo BeHTI1J1a 4 Te'lHOCT npeKo BO.l\Oaa 6 11 7 AejCTBy je Ha rOPlby rro-
BPlUl1HY KJll1noaa 9 (paAHI1 XOA) 11J111 npeKO BOAa 8 AejcTBy je Ha .l\Olbe
nOBpW" He KJll1nOBa (noBpaTHI1 XOA). I1apaJleJIHo Bo!)e>be rrpl1TI1CK11Ba-qa
o6e36e!)yj e ce nOMohy apaTI1J1a 10 Koj e Ha 06a Kpaja l1Ma no jeAaH 'lap-
CTO yrJl aBJbeH QI1J1 I1H.I\PI1'-!HH 3yn'laHI1K 11. BpaTI1J1o 10 I1Ma cBoja Jle>Kl1-
WTa Ha npl1Tl1cKHBa'l y . JIeBI1 3yn'l aHI1K 11 y Be311 j e ca Jl eBOM 3yn'-!acToM
246
nOJIyr oM 12 Be3aHOM 3a cTy6 MalilHHe, ,lIOK je ,lIeCHH 3yn'laHI1K 1 I Y Be3H
ca nOKpeTHOM 3yn4acToM nOJIy roM 13. 3Yf!'taCTa nOJIyra 13 y Be311 je ca
BeH1'l1JIOM 5 3a napaJl eJI HO ITPI1 napaJl eJIIIOM 1{perafbY npl1TH-
CKl1Ba4a HaHJ.1'>Ke HaBHwe, oKpeTahe ce BpaTHJIO 10 npYl 4eMY ce 3yn-
Cn. 286. - MaWJ1 Ha 3a npecaBJoIjalbe nJolMOBa : HajBefie onTepeheFbe 125 TOHa, HajBeha
AY""JoIHa MaTepJolj ana 2550 nun, HajBeaa Ae6Jh.lHa mma Koja ce npecaBJoIja je s = 8 mm
ca KpaKoM npecaBwj atha OA 50 mm J1 nonynpel.JHWKOM YHYTpauHber 3ao6Jbelha
r1 = 1,5 . S 3a MaTepl'ljan 01' 45 kg/ nun' ja""He Ha K"lIalbe
4aFrI1l.\11 11 KOTPJbajy no calla HenOMYl 4HHM 3yn4aCTl1M nOJIyraMa 12 11 13.
YKOJII1.KO 611 ce npl1TI1CKI1Ba4 yCJIe,!\ HepaBHoMepHor onTepelielba no ,lIy-
>KMHM, I1CKOCI10 Y BepTI1KaJI Hoj paBHYI , nOMepMli e ce 3aj e,llHO ca ,!\eCfI1M
KpajeM rrpl1TI1CKMBa4a a npeKo 3yrr4aHI1Ka .11 11 3yn4acTa nOJIyra 13 Ha-
247
SMwe OAHOCHO OBO Kpe'J'al-be CJI060AHe 3yn'lac"J'e no.nYfe npe-
HOCM ce npeKO ABOKpaKe nOJIyre Ha BeHTHJI 5 KOjl1 TaAa nponymTa Bllli.Ie
Te'lHOCTM nOA npWI'MCKOM .y oHaj l.(HJII1HAap 'IMjl< Kpaj 3aocTaje, AOK CMa-
"'yj e KOJIM'lMHY Te'fHOCTI1 3a APYfH 11>IJIMHAap Tj. Bpun! np>rfYlliJ<BaFbe,
Te np11T11CK11Ba'l oneT 3aY3MMa XOpI130Fl'raJIaFl nOJIO}Kaj. Ha 'raj Ha'fl1'H
2
Cn. 287. - liIeMa xJi[Apaym14He J.1HCTaJIaQJ1je 11 ypet)aja 3a napaneJlHQ Botjel-be
MaWWHa Ja npecasJ.1j atbe
C 288 - XHApaYJUltffia MaWHHa 33 npecasHjIDbe u5wisstoolJJ: HajBebe ODTepehelb;
2S'!i Hajaeha noapaTHa cllna 50 TOHa, HajaehH pallKH npHTHcaK 250 kg/em,
Hajaeha paAHor npeAMeTa 3100 mm, HajsehH XO)l; 300 mm
t
norOHCKa ceara
3a nyMny 110 50 k. s.
/ 248
ce llpI-! Hej eAl-laJOfM y 06a l.\I-!JII-!H,!Ipa 1l0JIOJKaj lbMXOSe pe-
3YJITaHTe yseK 1l0KJIalla ca 1l0JIOJKajeM pe3yJITyjytler OTllOpa ,!Ie<pOpMa-
l.\Mje pa,!lHOr llpe,!lMeTa.
113rJIe,!l je,!lHe xM,IlpaYJIWrne MaWJ>lHe - npece 3a llpecrumjalbe JII-!-
Mosa ,QaT je Ha CJI. 288. H a CJIJ,Il.\I-! ce Sl1AY! 1l0pe,Q MalllIDle o,qI'oaapaj yl\a
nyMlla Koja MOJKe ,IlBa cTyrnba npI-!TMCKa: HI-!CR1l1 3a npa3He xo-
Aose, a SMCOJOf 3a pa,!lHl1 XO,!l.
Mawuue 3a aaJba1-be ./tU.Meuux npoc;Pu./ta. 3a I-!3pa,!ly ,!\yJKI-!X rrpo-
<pKJIa, Kao I-! I1pO<pI-!JIa OA Talber Jil1Ma yrrOTpe6Jbaaajy ce MaillI-!He 3a
XJIa,IlHO caS'I-!jalbe ca Asa SaJbKa.
SaJbalba JIl1MeHMX npoc!mJIa llpMKa3a'H je Ha CJI. 289. Ma-
TepI-!jaJI y SI-!,!\y TpaKe O,!l JII1Ma llpollyillTa ce K3Meljy Asa npo<PI1J1l1CaHa
SaJbKiJ, KOjl1 MaTepMj aJIY ,Qajy JKeJbeHM 06J1l1K. IIpoMeHoM 06J1l1Ka SaJbKa
MOry ce ,!I06I-!Tj,! pa3HI-! npO<pI-!JU1 (CJI. 290) . BaJbl.\K npeMa CJI . 290 a
CJIY)Ke 3a 'l13pa,!ly OJIYKa 3a YMeTalbe JKl1l.\e 3a YKpynelbe lfllJ,ll.\e JU1Ma.
CJI. 290 b rrpl1Ka3yje SaJbKe nOTpe6He 3a 3aTSapalbe OJIYKa no YMeTalbY
JKKl.\e, ,!10K CJI. 290 C, d 11 e npeTCTaSJbajy pa3'He MorynHocTI1 3a 113S0-
15eH>e SaJba:Ka.
CJI. 289. - ITpI1Hl.\>ln BaJbaI-ba . JI>lMeHI1X npocP>lJla
Ha CJI. 291 npI-!Ka3aHa j e Malba MaillI-!Ha 3a saJbalbe JU1MeHI-!x'
npo<pI-!JIa. OBa MallIMHa SpWM caBl1jaFbe caMO y onepal.\KjI-!, Tj.
CJIYJKM 3a I-!3paAY jeAHocTasHl1jl1x npo<pI1JIa KO,!l KOjI-!X je npOMeHa
06JII1Ka npI-! npeJIa3y O,!l paSHor J111Ma Ka rOTOBOM npO<PMJIy YMepeHa.
MeljyTKM, 3a sene npOMeHe 06JIMKa Mopa ce nOCTynaK I-!3pa,!le nO,!leJll1TM
249
Ha Blrwe Onepal.\uja . 3 a CBaKY onepauuj ' ce Ta.la npe.lBlIlja .:IpyrH nap
SaJbaKa. ,!l;a 6t1 ce H np>! Beile:\! opo .,. onepallJl ja ;(OOUO rO'1'OB npo<p>!.l
n pt1 je;tRO>1 rrpO.la3 Kp03 "aW.LHY. nOCTa BJbajy ce noje;UtHH napOBU
BalbaKa je)l8H H3a n peMa pe.:IY onepawt ja, Te ce TaKO .:Io6trja
:\l aruaRa ca BaWe napu aa ... "haKa 3a "'3aCTOnHO Ba."b afue rrpoctHl .la.
C--: . 29 1. - NaJiI':tHa 3a sa."ba.ffie npocpn_, a .. EdU"CITds L d" aaj aeha .:J. eO-
.1:.il3d3 1.5 mID. n o r-{)HCKa CHara 2 k. s.
C:I. 292 npllx a3yj e noj e-'lJt:F.e onepaunj e cas;rjaH>a .J npo<PtL1la O,il
.1tINa. IIpe':lJ!.ljeae cy Tpt! onepaut!j e Tj. TP" napa sa:baKa. Ha C.1. 293
.:IaT je np,,:\!ep caBtrjaJha OKpyr.:lOr npoq,lcla ca npecaB>!j e RJ<m tt.BJ1Ila-
:\la o [.:Ie je [(eo nOCTynaK nO)lle.iben "a 11 onepauirja. Tpefu< np't:\l ep ca-
Bt rj aEba npo<pl!:ra y B>Illle y-'3aCTonHux onepa$tja .laT je Ha cn. 294 Ha
250
KOjOj cy ,n;aTJ-I npocj:mID! SaJbaKa 3a noje,n;KHe onepaql1je. O,n; 1 ,n;o 5 one-
paL(Kj e HaCTaje nOCTyrrHO cas'Mja!be Kpajesa JIHMa. ,Ua ce ,n;06Ho 06JIWK
npeMa 6 orrepal1l'rjM, nOTpe6Ro j e y 6al.\KTM ,n;aa 6o'ma SaJbKa ca sepTM-
en. 292. - IToj ell"tHe onepal.\"lj e npl<
Y3aCTonHOM caBl1jalbY LJ npoq,l1na
Sa Jbqt1Ma
en. 293. - IToj ell"lHe Onepal.\Hj e npH
Y3aCTonHOM CaBl1j a>bY oKpyrnor npo-
cPwna BaJbQVlMa
KaJIHMM OCOSMHaMa pa.A1'l ,n;aJber caBMja!ba OSI1X Kpajesa. TeK nocJIe OBe
OnepaL(Kje lHacTaj y onepalVlje KpY)KHOr caBMjalba Kpajesa ,n;a 6M ce ,n;06MO
06ID!K rrpeMa 9 OnepaL(MjM.
OnWTM M3fJIe,n; MallIJ1He 3a casMja'lbe npocpl1JIa ca SJ-lllle
BaJbaKa ,n;aT .ie Ha CJI . 295. HOCaQM BaJbaKa nOCTaBJbajy ce je,n;aH M3a
I

I


I

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J .
,
I '

.. 1 /:;/
If .
' I '
I

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i

. 9
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en. 294. - ITPI1MCP Y3aCTonHor caBI<j alba nHMeHOr npoq,"lna eaJbl.\l1Ma
251
.I1pyror; o>nl ce nOKpehy nOCpe.l1CTBO\l KOHYCH"'X 3.Vn'l3HHKa ca 3aje.ll.-
HI1'1KOr BpaTII.na.
eJI. 295. - OnWTI>f 113rneA ;\laWHHe 3a BaJb31-be npocpHna ca BHwe napu B3Jb3K3
M Ql1W.H e . 3 Q UCnp aBJbO'l-be . OBAe he caMO YKpaTKO 6"'TH pe'l '" 0
'1allIHHH 3a . HCnpaBJhalbe nOMol\y BaJhaKa. MallIHHe 3a
I1cnpaBJhalbe MaTepHj aJIa (OCOB' lHa, npoqmJIa 0.11 '1eJIHKa HTA.), KaKBe
ce ynoTpe6Jh3Baj y y MallIl1HCKHM cj:>a6pl.fKaMa, 3. KOA KOjl1X ce MaTepH-
jaJI CTaBJha Ha ABa OCJIOIma AOK ce npI1THCKHBa'leM AejCTBy je Ha MaTe-
pHjaJI H3Meljy 06a HMa l13rJIeA Kao MOHTlUKHa XHApaY.JIH'lHa
npeca npeMa CJI. 239 Ha '!>Ij", CTO TPe6a CTaBHTII OCJIOHJ:(e 3a MaTepHjaJI .
O=H >l3r JIeA MaIIDlHe 3a HcnpaBJhaIbe nOMon.\' BaJhaKa AaT je Ha
CJI. 296 . .uOIbH BaJhl.\H cy HenOM>I'iHH, AOK ce ropfuH Mory BHCHHCKH no-
H TO CBaKH noce6HO.
en. 296. - O nWTlI H3rne.z:t :-''iaWJ'IHC 3a II Cnpa BJb3tbe
252
MawnHe 3a KpY>KHO caonjafbe
MatUUH 3a caBujG1be .IWTepuja.n.a. TIpMHl.\l1n KPY-
,ICHor CaBl1j afba je AOCTa jeAHocTaBaH, a BPWI1 ce Ha I1CTl1 Ha'HIH Kao
11 KOA J81:1110Ba ca HajMafbe Tpl1 BaJbKa (Bl1,l\l1 CJI. 59) OA KOjl1X cy AOfbl1
a rOpl-b11 nOMWl aH. H a CJI . . 29, rrpl1Ka3aHa j e MaWl1Ha 3a
caBl1jafbe y r aoHHKa M APyror rrpocpl1J1MCaHOr MaTepHjaJla. KOA
OBe KOHCTpYK1.\l1j e ce npeHOC BPWM Ha CBa TpH BaJbKa Koja HMajy
Cn. 297. - lVlaunIl-Ia '3a KPY)J{HO cam'ljaFbe npocpJiI JIHCaHOr l\'1aTepl.JjaJIa ,.Swisstoot":
npe"!I-IJ1K BaJbaKa 188 mrn, norOHCKa CHara l\WTOpa 5 k. s.
r JlaTKY nOBplllHRy . H a HeKl1M Malll l1HaMa ce npeHOC BplllH caMO Ha ABa
BaJbXa Koja :raAa I1Majy H3pel.\KaHY nOBpllIMHY, AOK je Tpeli.H BaJbaK
r JlaAaK. Ha MalllMHM npeMa CJI . 297 MO:>Ke ce BplllMTH M Kpy:>KHO caBl1-
jalbe l.\eBH H APYTHX npocpHJla ca BMllle 3aBoj aKa (CJI . 298), Kao Hanp.
rpejHe M.ID! paCXJlaAHe l.\eBM 3a pa3He TepMH'IKe ana p aTe.
MaWUHe 3a caBuja"H>e JlU.,\WBa. OBe MalllMHe HaJla3e lllMpOKy npl1-
MeHY y cpa6pl1.KaMa KOTJ10Ba M pe3epBoapa. OHe ce rpaAe Ka? XOPM-
30HTaJl He H.ID! BepTH"KaJlHe.
XOpl130HTaJlHe MalllMHe 3a KPY}KHO caBMjaHoe JlHMOBa Haj<ielllli.e
l1Majy TpH BaJbKa Ka'o npeM'a CJr. 59. AOK je H3rJleA jeAHe TaKBe Ma-
llIMHe AaT Ha CJ1. 299. ,ll;Ofb11 BaJbl.\H cy HenOMWiHl1, AOK ce ropfbH BaJbaK
BMCMHCKl1 nOMepanl pa,llM A06Mjafba oApeljeHor nOJTYnpe<iHMKa

KpI1BHHe A060wa. B al)e'-be caBI1jeHI1x A060w a 1-1 3 MaUJI-IHe BPWI1 ce OAI-I-
3aJ-beM-npeKJlana"beM ropI'her BaJbKa OKO jeAHor OA JlelKI1W1'a . .D; a 611 ce
CaBJ1jal-be MorJlO BPWHTI1 y 06a cMepa, npel\BHI)eHa je npOMeHa cMepa
OKpe1'aJ-ba BaJbaKa.
H a CJI. 300 npHKa3aHa j e KOM611 HoBaHu XOPI130HT3J1Ha MaUlI1Ha 3a
Kpy>KHO caBl1j a>be JJ11MOBa H npocpJ1J1a. BaJbL\I1 3a caal1jaJ-be npocp>IJla
HaJla3e ce ca cnOJbJ-be CTpaHe MaWI1He. fop-
1-Mt BaJbaK ce napaJleJl HO AI1)Ke 11 cny w-ra
nocpeACTBOM ny lKac'I'l1x npeHOCHI1Ka y rpa-
l)eHI1X y cTy60Be Mal.lll1He a nOKpeTaHI1 X COl
3ajeAHH';KOr apa1'l1J1a.
XOpl130HTaJlHe MaWI1He 3a caaHjaJ-be
ynO'l'pe6Jbaaajy ce caMO 3a caBl1jal-be TaJ-bI1X
>I Kpal1l1x ."H1I10Ba, nOllI1'O npl1 caal1jaJ-bY
1'e>KI1X JlI1MOaa HaCTaj e nOBl1jaJ-be Tj. 01'Ba-
paJ-be Bel1 caBl1jeHor AeJl3 A060UJa YCJleA
J-beroae COnC1'BeHe Te>Kl1'He (CJI. 301) . .D;pym
HeAOCTaTaK XOpI130HTaJIH>lX MaWHHa je y
TOMe, UJTO ce no<;e1'Ha Jll1lI1a npe
C1'aBJbal-ba .v MaUJI1HY npe'l'XOI{HO MaJlO
CaBI11'H Ha "peCH Aa 611 c(' OJlaKUJaJlO YMe-
TaJ-be JI >fMa 113Meljy BaJHaKa, 11 Aa nOqe1'HI1
,Ileo Jl I1Ma He 611 OCTao npaB.
en. 298. - KpY>KFlO caBI1jafbe
QesJ-1 ca BI1We 3aaojaK3 Ha
MaWI'IHil npeMa cn, 297
rope HaBeAeHI1 HeAOCTaJjI1 XOp1130H1'aJl>mx MaWI1Ha 1136erHYTI1 cy
Ha Bep1'HKaJIHI1M MaUntHaMa 3a Kpy>KHO caBl1jaJ-be JlI1MOBa. Dae Ma.WHHe
ce YTlO'l'pe6JbaBajy 3a caBHjaJ-be 11 HajAe6Jbl1x JlI1MOBa (60 mm Ae6Jbl1He
Cn. 299. - XOpI'l30l-i'raJl Ha 3a KPY>KHO caBHjal'be JIMMOB3 "Ramit": Hajaeha
WUPMHil c3I'UljaJba 2500 mm. Hajaefi a Ae5Jbt-lHa JII1M3 10 mm. norOHCK3 CHara MO-
Topa 5 k. s.
11 5 m WHpI1He) y XJl aAHOM CTal-bY. JhtM 1 (CJI. 302) YMel\e ce H3Melj y
BepT>fKaJlHOr BaJbJ<a 2 H npl11'MClUtBaQa 3. IlpH1'HClK>fBaQ np>f CBOM paA-
HOM XOAY HaJl eBO, Kpy >KHO CaB>fja jeAaH TpaKB:CTI1 Aeo JlHMa. IIp>f no-
BpaTHoM XOAY npMTMCKI1BaQa, oKpel1e ce BaJbaK 3a M3J1H yrao noaJla-
254
en. 300. - KUMOltO-lOSaHa XOPlil30HTaJIHa l\',aWTHla 3a KPY)KHQ caBHjal-be .,Swisstool-
Steinemann": npet.IlIIIIK B3JbaK3 33 lJJ.Ii\10Be 235 mm, npet.nulK B3JbaKa 33 npocp11Jl e
335 mm, Hajeeha Wl1pJllHa C3BJifjal-ba 2000 mm, l-mjBeka JH1Ma 15 mm.
norOHCK3 C!-tara MOTopa 10 k. s.
en. 301. - nOBl1j3l-be c3BI1j eHor JteJIa
Aooowa nooA COIlCTBellO:\1 Te)I<t1HOl'ol H8
XOPH30llT3nHoj MaWHHH 38 KPYJKHO
c3sl1jal-be
en. 302. - llle:\18 paoAa aep'rHI<:UJI: IC'
l\1[lWJIHe 3;) ItPY>KHO C3SJ1jal-be ni1MOBa
<lehl1 C060M 11 KOjl1 je y3 BaJbaK CTa.nHO TO'lKI1-
ha (Ha ce He BI1.l\e) . Ha Taj Ha'lI1H no.l\ npI1TI1CKJ1Ba<1 Hal1JIa311 cy-
ce.l\HI1 TpaJ(aCTI1 .l\eo MaTepl1jaJIa Te ce Y3aCTonHI1M caBl1jal-beM .l\o6l1ja
3aTBOpeHI1 .l\o6ow.
255
jeAHe SepT>lKaJlHe M81l1>1He 38 casHjal-be AaTa je Ha CJI . 303
.n '<111 ce YMefie >f3Meljy 'BePTJ>fKaJIHOr SaJbKa 1 11 np"THCK>lBa'la 2. ITPI1-
1'''ICKI1Sa4 ce nOKpefie nYTeM. T e4.HOCT nOA np>lT>lCKOM
.!\ejcTsyje Ha KJllm 3 KOj>l je >l3SeAeH Kao AI1cj:>epeHl1>1jaJlll>! KJIlffi, KOjl1
oMoryfiyje 'rp>l CTyrui>a onTepefiefba: nps>I HajMa.fb>l cTynaa. onTepe-
fiel-ba Ao6Hj a ce aKO Te'lHOCT AejCTByj e caMO Ha rrpcTeHacTY 1l0SPWMHY
1'1
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en 303 - illE."Ma eeP"l"KKanHe 33 KPY>KHO C3s11j atbe JU1Moea, ea
JlJ.1I.IHKM nOrOHOl\1
M3Meljy wHper >I .YJKer AeJla KJUrna, APYT>I, aKO Te'lHOCT Aej cTsyj e caMO
Ha y>K>I Aeo KID,rna >I Tpeh>l, aKO Te4'HOCT Aej CTByj !,! M Ha rrpCTeHaCT>I
11 Ha Y)!{"I Aeo K.JIKrra. Ca K.mrna ce npeHoc spW>t rrpeKo 3rJlo6a 4 >I ABe
604'He crrojKe 5 Koje Aej crnyjy Ha AsoKPaKY nOJJYry 6. Osa AsoKpaKa
rroJlyra oKpefie eKCl.{eRTap 7 3a nOKpeTaa.e rroJJYre 8. IToJJYra 8 rrpeKo
3rJl 06a rroKPehe rrpwnlCK>lBa'l 2. Ca nOJl y re 6 rrpeHocH ce KPeTalbe
"rCl'OSpeMeHO rrpeKo crrojKe 9 >I Ha ropa.y rroJJYry 10, e'KCl.{eHTap 11 H
nOJlyry 12, WTO 06e36e1jyje napaJleJlHO l<peTaa.e npwrHCK>lSa'ia. U >I-
JI>lHAap KJlliIla 3 Se3aa je 3a HerrOM>I'IH>I CTy6 13 MaW>lHe, AOK je roplb>l
Aeo SaJhK8 1 'Be3aR ca CTytiOM 13 rroMohy HOCa'ia 14 KOj>l MO>Ke Aa ce
OA>lfHe PBA>I saljeEba rOTOBO c8s>ljeH>lx Ao60wa. OAM3aa.e HOCa'ia 14
256
BPWI1 ce XI1ApayIDI4K'11"M n YTeM nOMohy 1<J1I1na 15 KOjl1 je cnojKaMa 16
se3aH 3a rrpenycT Hoca4a 14.
KOA HeKI1X BpLUI-I ce Bal}elbe
I'OTOBI-IX A060LUa Ha Taj Ha'lYIH, LUTO ce Bep1'I1KaJlHI1 BaJbaK MOllCe cny-
CTI1TM Halrn:>Ke. OBaKse KOHcTpYlCmlj e ynoTpe6JbaBaj y ce 3a pat\HoHHl\e
ca HI1CKOM KPOBHOM KOHCTPYKI.\HjOM.
en. 304 - B e pTJ1KClJl Ha MaWI1Ha 3a caBJlljaI-be Jll1l\'!OBa Jl Sclti ess-DefTies" : Hajeehe
onTepei'le"J-bE 300 TOHa, Haj sena WJ1pl1Ha JIJ1Ma 3000 mm.
Hajseha ,lJ,e6JbJ.1Ha J1l1Il\'la 30 mm
MeCTO xMApaYJll14Hor norOHa eKCl.\eIiTpa 3a nOKpeTaIbe
Ba4a, HaJTa3M npI-IMeHy M MeXaHI14'KM norOH.
l ibrJleA jeAHe BepTMKaJlHe MaLUMHe 3a casMjalhe JlMMOBa AaT j e Ha
CJT. 304 a 1-1 b M TO rJle.llaHO ca 061' CTpaHf>.
H a BepTI1KaJTIfl1M MaLUMHaMa 3a KPY}KHO caBMjafhe JIJ1MOBa a TaKO
MCTO 1-1 Ha XOp1130HTaJlHHM Mory ce A0611TI1 1C0HYCIl'I1 A060LUI1, aKO Ma-
IUMHa l1Ma ypeljaj 3a Harl1fhafhe BepTI1KaJlHOr BaJbKa.
CnCl.\l1j aJl HC Mallll1HC 3a caBl1jalhc
Y OBY rpyny MaUH!He 3a caBl1j afhe urnmm 11J111 l.\eBI1, Kao
KpaTKI1X JlI1MOSa 11 TO no.ll pa3HI1M yrJloBI1Ma. CaBl1jafhc OBor MaTe-
pujaJla MO}Ke ce nocTl1hl-l I-I JlH I1JFI1 06p1'HI1M KpeTafheM
je.llHOr MaLUl1He.
Maw,u1ia 3a caCluja1be ea npaaOJlU1iUCKU.,\\ KpeTa'H>e..lt. IT'PMHI.\I-In
pa.lla DBe MaIlIl11ie rrpHKa3aH j e Ha CJI. 305. IToA AejcTBoM Te4HOCTI1 nOA
npl1THCKOM Kpehe ce K"qHn 1 npeMa MaTepl1jaJl Y 2 (LUMnKa, l.\eB I-ITA.)
KOjl1 ce HaCJlafha Ha .lisa OCJlOHl.\a 3 06pTHa OKO BepTI1KaJTHe OCOBI1He 4.
IIpl1Tl1cKl1sa'l 5 Ha Kpajy KJIIHIHe nOJlyre I1Ma n OJTYKpY}KHO . YAy6Jbefhe
Kao 11 OCJlOHl.\M 3 aKO ce paAH 0 caBl1j alhy oKp y rJloP MaTepl1jaJla. ITOA
251
.Jej crno.! np>lT"HC1Gma"Ia caBHj a ce "aTep>lj a... npl! OC . OlU,,1I 3 3<1-
Y31" a jy KOCJ' no . oEaj nplI . aro!;aBa; ,h" ce KPIlBIfH.l! caBHj eHor Ma-
Tep.! ja . a.
C.1. 305 - IlpHHu. m pa,.:Ja 3Ci caaJtja.'be
ca n.1 Kpe7a.Eb.5:.
C., . 306 - . : aumHa 3a rrpecaSHjaH:oe Ue.BH .. ""aU.ace'": RajsehH no.'1ynpe'lEllK
C3BU)aEba 235 m.m
17 _ launme
258
JibrJIeA jeAHe MaJ-be MaUHlHe 3a caBl1jaJ-be no OBOM npl1lll\Jmy ,l1aT
je Ha CJI. 306. OBa MaWlma je nOKpeTHa Ha TO'IKOBI1Ma, AOK ce rpa,l1e 11
cTa611JIHe MallIl1He I1CTora Tl1na.
MaULune 3a caBltjll1-be en 06pTHU.ot KpeTalbe.M.. llpl1Hl.\l1n paAa OBI1X
Mal.IDfHa npH'Ka3aH j e Ha CJI. 307. MaTepl1j aJI 1 CTe>Ke ce 113Mel)y Heno-
KpeTHOr AeJIa 2 M IToKpeTHor ,l1eJla 3 CTe3a'la. IIJIo'la 3a caBl1jaJ-be 4 rrpe
en. 307 - IIpHHI.\I1n palla MaWl1He 3a caSH-
jal-be ca 06PTHJtflo.1 KpeT3JobeM
nO'leTKa pa,l1a 3aY3l1Ma nOJIO-
>Kaj napaJIeJIaH nJIO'laMa CTe-
3a'la. IIpl1 caBl1jaJ-bY ce ITJIO'-Ia
4 06phe OKO Ta'lKe A caBl1ja-
.i y hM MaTepMjaJI 3a >KeJbeHl1
yrao 113Mel)y 0 M 900. JibrJle,l1
ropJ-ber ,l1eJla TaKBe MawH'He
,l1aT j e Ha CJI. 308, rAe je Aeo 5
HOCa'i l.\11JIH'H,l1pa xl1;:qJayJIJ1"IHor
CTe3a'la a Aeo 6 06PTHI1 Aeo
ca nJlO'lOM 4 3a caJ!I1jaJ-be.
OCTaJIe 03HaKe H'Majy MCTO 3Ha-
qeJ-be Kao Ha CJI. 307. Ha OBOj MaWI1HI1 MO>Ke ce BpllIl1.TI1 M ITPOCTOPHO
caBMjaJ-be y ABe paBH11. IIpBO ce BPWI1 caBl1jaJ-be y jeARoj paBHI1 a 3aTJ1M
Y APyroj.
en. 308 - MawI1Ha 3a npeCaBJ1jal-be ca 06PTHviM KpeTaJ-beM "Swisstool-GresseZ":
Hajeehu npet.IHJiIK oKpyrnor MaTepJ1jana 30 mm, Ksa,npaTHor 25 X 25 mm, Hajeeru.1
OTBOP CTe3a"ra 80 mm, norm"ICKa CHara 4,5 k. s.
lUAlIlMHE 3A OTCEQAIbE
Y OBY rpy ny Cna.l\ajy Mallll1He 3a 06paAY MaTepl1jaJIa oABajaJ-beM,
ITpM qeMY ce jeAaH .l\eO MaTepMjaJla o.l\Baja OA APyror CMMl.\aJ-beM. OBAe
clTaAajy Ha npBOM MeCTY MaKa3e, 3aTMM Cnel.\l1jaJIHe MaWl1He 3a rrpO-
6I1jaJ-be, KOlTl1'palbe I1TA.
259
MaK . 13C 3::) JU f1\1 Y Tn6J13Ma
ITpe MallorOIry npI1Tl1CICYlBaya.ll.eJl eCe Ma Ka3.3a .lll1M Ha MaKa3e
en Kpl1sajrHYfM MeXaH"I 3MOM, ca y r aOHYfM nOJI y raM3 11 ca JIaK'J'aCTJ1'M no-
Jl yraMa. IIpeMa 06JHIKY HomeBa pa3." "'KYi y ce MaKa3e ca npaS"'M 1< ca
KPY}KHMM H O)KeSHMa.
n pa8e . .\(.a'Ka3e ea 'KP'UBCljH:n . .M. ill M8 'raKBJ1 X MaKa3a
t\aTa j e Ha CJT. 309. Ha t\mbeM t\eJTY nOKpenlOr HOCa'la np>f'lSpWheH j e
ropH>11 Hom nOt\ YJ' JlOM a KOjH I<Ma Bpet\Hocrl1 113Meljy 5 11 8, t\OK j e
,ll,OI-bJ.1 HO)K XOpJ130H'I'aJIaH. Kao KpHsajln<l MeX31H13aM Hajt.l e wfi e j e fl'PJ.1-
MeH>eH eKCl.\eATap.
:[=--.1 \
en. 309 - lIl eMa r. 'aK333 en KpJil B3J IIII M
en. 310 - Mal<a3e 3a JIyli""1 ea f1QrOHOM "Schuler": l-Iajaeha ,l\e6Jbl>IH3 JB1M(\
1,5 mm, wlifpMHa 2000 mm, j al.Jl1He 40 norOHCK8 CHara 2,5 k. s.
Ha CJl. 310 npl1Ka3aHe cy MaK33e 3a JII4M ca noroHoM npeKO eKC-
l.\eHTpa KOj 11 ce HaJTa3'" ",cnot\ CTOJTa 1< KOj 11 nOKpehe t\mbl1 HO)l{ H3-
17'
260
BmIle. ITol'O'H ce ca eJIeKTpOMOTOpa K.IDIlIaCTHM KaHlllElM npeHOCI1 Ha
KOjK .D;l1peKTIIO nOKpehe eKCl..\eHTapC'KO BpaTHJlO.
CJI. 311 ,l\aje y npeceKy rnaBH'If HOCaq ca ,l\pJKaqeM JIKMa npeMa
CJI. 310. Ha CID!l.{I1 ce BI1.D;l1 rJIaBH}{ HOCaq 1 Ha KOMe je HelIOKpeTHH HOJK
2, .!\OK je nOKpeTIrn HOJK 3 Ha AO!heM ,l\eJIY 4. IIpeceK HOJKeBa KMa 06JIKK
lIapaJIeJIorpaMa ca CKOPO npaBKM yrJIOBKMa H TO TaKO ,l\a ce CBe qeTKpH
MOTy KOPHCTIlTH 3a ceqelbe.
ITo 3aTylIJbelby je,l\He 'HBIru;e OKpe-
he ce HOJK TaKO ,l\a cJIe.o;eha KBHl\a
",l\OJIa3H y pa,l\HH lIOJIOmaj. .upJKa q
JIKMa 5 HaJIa3H ce Hcnpe,l\ HelIO-
KpeTHor HOJKa. fberos je 3a,o;aTaK
.o;a npwrHC'Kyje JrnM pa.D;l1 cnpeqa-
Balba lberOBOr 0.D;l13alba lIPH OTce-
I..\alby . .upmaq JIHMa KMa MeCTl1-
MK'iHe l1CeqKe <Kojli oMoryhyjy JIaK-
me nocMaTPalhe lIpl1 nOCTaBJbalbY
JIHMa (S11.o;l1 H CJI. 310) .
M eXaHl13aM 3a . lIOKpeTa}be .o;p-
maqa JlKMa KO.o; MaKa3a ca ,l\OI-bWM
CJI. 311 - TIpeceK rJIaBHQr Hocat.t a
ca J1JtIMa
3
en. 312 - MexaH"aaM na nOKpe-
Tatbe JUnKaqa J1MMa npJ.1 ,n;Ol-"beM
noroHY
noronOM ,l\aT je Ha cn. 312. Ha eKcQeHTapcKoM BpaTl1JIY 1, Koje nOKpehe
BOCaq ca ,l\0}b1{M HOmeM, HaJIa3H ce 6peracTa lIJIO'ia 2. GBa 6peraCTa
lIJIO'!a npeKo ,l\BoKpaKe lIOJIyre 3 11 lIDIITKe 4 lIoKpehe npeKo nOJIYre 5
.o;plKllq JIKMa 6. IToMohy ,l\Olbe HaSpTKe 7 perYJIKwe ce TPeaYTa'!l: HaK-
JIaCKa .o;pJKa'ia Ba JIHM, tlOK ce 8 peryJlKwe npl1Tl1CaK .o;p-
}Kaqa JlKMa.
P3lWf 3amTl1Te pa,l\HIiKa HaMeW'Ta ce 113Melw ,l\pmaqa JlKMa H Homa
3amTl1THa lIJIoqa 6 (CJI. 311) .
.uOlhH noron Boma npKMel'byje ce caMO 'Ha Malbe lI'IaKa3e 3a ceqelbe
TSlbKX JIKMOBa, ,l\OK ce 3a Belle MaKa3e y!IOTpe6Jba'Ba I'Oplhli lIOI'O'H.
MaKa3e npeMa CJI. 313 'HMajy lIOroH npliTl1CKl1Ba'!a ca I'op}be
CTpaHe. Ca rop}ber eKcQeHTapCKOT BpaTl1na nOKpehe ce Hoca'! ca rop-
26)
IbJ1]\1 HO>KeM. Ha I<eTOM BpaTI1JI Y HaJta3e ce I< 6peraeT nJl04e 3a nOKpe-
lIP)({aqa K04:1ull..\a 3a 3aYCTaBJbal-be HO)({a y rOptbeM nOJlD-
)({aJY HaJla31< ce Ha ,!IeCHOM Kp aj y eKCl.\eWrapCKOr BpaTI<Jla.
KOHCTpYKl.(11j e cnojHI<l.\a KO,!l MaKa3a cy KaO I< KO,!l MeXalll1'I-
Kl1X npeca: 3a Malbe I< Cpe,!ltbe MaKa.3e rrpJ1]\fetbyjy ce cnojrlJ41.\e ca OCO-
BIDU1l.\OM I<JII1 ca 06P'l'HI1'M KJIJ1HOM, ,!10K 3a Behe M3Ka3e KaHl,IaC'l'e I<JII1
JlaMeJll-re CnOJHH.l.\e.
CJI. 313 - MaKa3e 3a JJJ1M ca rOp!bJ1l\i norOHOM "SchuLeT": HajBeha p;e6JbHHa JIHMa
4,5 mm, wHpHHe 1000 rom, a ja\.UtHe 40 kg/rnrn
2
, norOHCKa CHara 5 k. s.
JIpaae ca nOJlywAta. Ko,!l MaKa3a ca RpKBajHMM
MeXalIJ<3MOM Rpehe ce Hoca q ca HO)({eM BepTVIKaJIHO HaHJ1)Ke O,llHOCHO
HaBl1ll1e. I1pvt OBaKBOM RpeTalhY ce YCKe TpaKe YBl1JaJY npH.IDIKOM 01'-
ce.l.\atba. OBO YBI<jatbe je yrJIaBHOM peJIaTVIBHO Bem"lOIM
y rJloM Harl<6a Ho')({a O,!l 5+8,. ,!10K 6H y noTpe6a. Matber yrJIa >f3a3BaJIa
lTOpaCT OTITOpa OTCel.\atba llITO 61< 3axTeBaJIO jaqy MaUlHHY ca ja'Il'IM
MOTOpOM. YBI<jatbe JII<Ma MQ)Ke ce CnpeqHTVI Ha Taj Haql<H, UlTO ce HO}K)'
lIaje MaJIH Har>r6 O,!l 1+2 aJll< ce 3aTO pa,!ll< CMal'beI'ba OTITOpa OTCel.\atba
nope,!( BepTWKaJlHOr KpeTatba ,!Iaje RO)!{y I< MaJID Y3,l1y)({HO 'KpeTatbe -
KpeTaIbe y npaBl.\Y HO)!(a. illeMa T3Kse M3UHfHe ,!laTa j e Ra CJI.
314. EKCl.\eHTap 1 nOKpehe ITpeKO npl<THcHYTe IToJIYre 2 11 3aTerHyTe
nOJIyre 3 06e yraoHe IToJIYre 4 o6pTHe OKO HenOMH'IRHX' OCOBHRa A. 3a
OBe nOJlyre npeKO OCOBI<H>fl.\a 8 Be3aH je roplhH Hoca4 HQ)Ka 5. I10UlTO
ce np>r 06pTatby Yl' aOHI<X IToJlyra 4 OKO A OCOBJ<He 8 Kpelly no
262
KPY>KHOM JIYKy, TO he H rOpl-bH HO>K nope.l\ BePTJ>lKaJIHOr KpeTal-ba Ha-
HJ>I>Ke HMaTH H MaJIO Y3.l\Y>KHO Kpe'ral-be (15+20 mm), 'fHMe ce OTKJIal-ba
rope nOMeHyTo YBJ>ljal-be YCKHX 1'paKa.
en. 314 - illeMa MaKa3a ca yraoHI1M
CJI. 315 npHK33yje MaKa3e ca y raoI-rnM nOJIYraMa KO.l\ KOjl1X je y
nopelJel-by ca llleMOM Ha CJI. 314 y6a'feHa jom no cnojH3 nOJIyra
H3MeIJy yraOl-D1X nOJIyra H nOKpeTHor HOCa'fa. Mcnpe.l\ nOKpeTHor HO-
ca'fa HaJIa3H ce .l\p}!{aq JIJ>lMa KOjH ce nOKpefi e rrpeKO nOJIyra. IIpHTJ>lcaK
ce aYTOMaTCKH nO.l\emaBa nOMohy onpyra CMeWTeHHX Y WHnJbJ>lM nOJIy-
r aMa Koje 'cy npHKJby qe!:!e 3a .l\p)Kaq JIJ>lMa.
en. 315 - llpase MaKa3e 38 JU1M ca yraOJU1M nOJlyraMa nVereinigte OsteTTeichi sche
Eisen u11.d Stah!werke": AY>KI1Ha HomeBa 2600 mm, 6poj xOAoBa y ",mYTH 25,
OOrQHCKa CHa ra 10 k. s.
Z63
JIpaae .Ata'KCl3e ca Jta1<TaCTU.At nOJtyta.Ata. Gse MaKa3e I1Majy KCTY
cspxy KaO 11 npeTXO,l\lie: OMOl'yhy j y nOpe.!l OCTaJIor l-f OTCel..\Bli>e yCIOIX
TpaKa 6e3 YBl-fjaFha. YSl-fjali>e j e OTKJIOli>eHO KaO 11 KO.!l rrpeTXO,ttHe KOH-
CTpYKl{l1je KCTOSpeMeHHM SepTl-fKaJIH11M l-f y3J{y>KH11M KpeTaH>eM HO>Ka
8
CJI. 316 - llieM3 M3Ka')a ca naKT3C'1'KM nOJIYraMa
rrpl-f CMaIi>eHOM yrJIy Harl-f6a, illeMa TaKBe Maunme .!laTa je Ra CJI. 316.
Kpl-fsajIDI MeXaHl-f3aM 1 rroKpehe rrpeKo KyJIllce 2 XOpl-f30HTaJIR.Y rroJIyry.
Gsa rroJIyra rroKpefie JIaKTa'CTe rroJIyre 4, 5 l-f 6, 7 OJ{ Kojl-fX cy ropH>e
Be3aHe 3a OCJIOHl.\e A, .!10K cy .!IOH>e y Ta"IKaMa B .crrojeHe 3a rroKpeTIDI
Hoca<; 8. JIaKTacTe rroJIyre ca JIese 11 .!IeCHe cTpaHe cy Heje,l\liaKe .!IY>KJ1'He
"' .. )!
I I
80 , 8
o
f- 7tJ
- tr8petfe)
en. 317 - ,n;J1jal'paM npOMeHe yrJI3 (J" OTnopa OTce-
Q3rb3 F $ Kao 111 CHare 33 MaKa3e ca n3KTaCTHM
nonyr3Ma
11 TaKO nO.!leWeHe, .!Ia ce 3a SpeMe Cl-fJIaCKa HO>Ka O.!lHOCHO 3a BpeMe OT-
Cel..\aIi>a yrao a CMaIi>yje, TaKO .!Ia je oHeMoryheHo ysl-fjaFhe OTCe'leHor
JIKMa. Gso CMafbeH>e yrJIa a 3a speMe xO.!la npoy3poKyje peJIaTKBHO Y3-
264
nOMeplUbe ropl-ber HO}Ka npeMa ,IIOlbeM. Ha CJI. 317 BH,qK ce npo-
MeHa yrJIa HarH6a HO}Ka y 3aBI1CHOCTH 0,1\ BpeMeHa t. BH,qK ce M yrao Q
0).1; noqeTHe BpewiOCTH ona;ll;a 3a BpeMe OO"cel.\<ll-ba. Ha HCTOj npH-
Ka3aHa je 11 npoMeHJbI1BOCT OTIIopa F . "Y norJIaBJbY
HaljeHo je Aa je OTnop 3aBI1CaH 0).1; yrJIB aarH6a
HO}Ka Tj.
. s"
F
s
:::::::O,6 Emax' Of\!' - ,
tga
r;ll;e je Emax - MaKCl1MaJIHa peJlaTI1BHa Ay6MHa elM - ja'GfHa
MaTepl1jaJla npH lOI,!\albY, a s - Ae6JbMHa IDIMa. BI1)l;11 ce Aa ce ca CMa-
I-bI1Bal-beM yrJla n, Koje HaCTaje npl1 HO}Ka nocpe;ll;CTBOM JlalITac-
= nOJlyra, TIoBefiaBa CI1J1a F, WTO j e rrpeTCTaBJbeHO Kpl1BOM Ha Al1ja-
rpaMY CJI. 317. lilpaqll1paHa nOBpWI1Ha je cpa3MepHa nOTpe6Hoj CHa311
Ha KpI1Bajl1 npl1 qeMY noroHcKa CHara nOKa3yje y rrO'-leTKY Har .rrn: nopaCT
WTO l1Ma 3a 113BeCTaH rr8A 6poja 06PTa 3aMajl\a. 3 aTI1M
HacTaje HarJlO CMaFbeFbe CHare O):{HOCHO nOBefiafue 6poja 06pTa 3ru"lajl\a.
-tr!pel!fe)
en. 318 - npOMeHe yrna a, OTnopa
oTceqafba Kao l'1 CHare 38 MaKa3e ca KpJ1BajHJ1M
l\-lexaH113MOM
lila CJI. 318 AaT je I1CTI1 ,!\l1jal'paM 3a Kpl1BajHI1 MexaIDf3aM. "Yrao a
H8l"H6a HQ}Ka je KOHCTaHTaH, OTrrop OO'cel.\al-ba F, y rro'-leTKy nOKa3yje
HarJIH rropaCT nocJle qera oCTaje KOHCTaroraH ,!\O 6JIH3y 3aBpWeTKa
OTCel.\al-ba. llipacpHpaHa nOBpIllJ-rRa, K<:lja je cpa3MepHa noroHcKoj CHa311,
Ml{oro je Beha Hero 3a MeXaHI13aM ca JlalITaCTI1M nOJl y raMa rrp:>! I1Haqe
JifCTHM YCJlOBHMa, Te ce 113 ynopeljel-ba 06a ,lIJ1jarpaMa BI1)l;I1 ,!\a Mexa-
IDI3aM ca JlaKTaCTHM nOJIyraMa y nopeljel-by ca KpHBajHl1M MeXaHJif3MOM,
IIOKa3yje npeHMYfiCTBO He CRMO y norJle,!\y cnpeqaBal-ba YBl1jmba .IDlMa,
Ben 11 y CMal-beI-bY TeJKMHe O,!\HOCHO nOCTl13albY Ml1pHl1jer P8Aa.
J13rJle,!\ MaKa3a ca JlaKTaCTI1M nOJl yraMa ,!\aT je Ha CJI. 319.
Kpy:>lC1l.e ..Ita1Cl13e. IIpl1Hl\l1n <:lTCel\al-ba MaKa3aMa ca IqJYJKIDIM 80-
}KeBHMa npJ1Ka3aH je Bel:; paHl1je Ha CJI. 68 11 69. JIl1M ce CTaBJba 113Meljy
265
Cn. 319 - TI paae M3K33e ca J13KT3CTHM nOJlyraMa "Nobs & Co": Hajaeha WJ,[pHHa
JIHM3 3050 mm, Hajaeha ,ll,e6.'bHHa JH1M3 8 mm, 6poJ xo,o;oa3 y MHHYTH 14, n Ol'OHCK3
CHara 15 k. s.
en. 320 - KpY>KHe M3Ka3e "Edwards Ltd": Hajaeha ):leOJb'''Ha JlI1M3 1,5 nun. npe'-l-
HHK HO}Keaa 76 mm, norOHCKa CHara 1 k s.
266
.nBa KpY)!{Ha HO)!{a ca 06pTIII1M KpeTali>eM. OBaKBC MaWHIle 3a
OTCel\aJ'be T,UbI1X JlI'fMOBa a HapO'lI1TO 3a OTCel\aH,e ca 'ra6J1e 11J111 TpaKe.
CJI. 320 npl1Ka3yje Mal'be KpY)KHe MaKa3e C'l'apI1je KOHCTpYKl\l1je.
Ma1{Q.3e ca jeann,1(. 1{PY:JIC1Llt,1(. nO:JICe.M.. 3a OTC l\aH>e JTI1MOBa Behl1x
AY)!{I1Ha rpaAe ce MaKa3e ca HenOMl1'fH>lM npaBI1M AOI-bI1M HO}l{eM 1
(eJT. 321), AOK je rOpli>l1, KpY)KHI1 HO)!{ 2 nOKp TaH. KP.if)KHH HO}l{ IrMa
06PTHO H TpaHCJlaTOpHO Kpe-
Tal-be npH ' l eMY BpillJ;! O'J'ce-
L\aJ-be Jll1Ma KOjl1 Jle}l{l1 Ha
HenOMl1'fHOM npaBoM HO}l{Y.
Ha CJJ. 322 npl1Ka3aHa je Be-
J!'l1Ka MaWI1Ha OBaKBor T>ma,
Koja npJ;[ jewroM x0l1:.Y MO)!{e
lIa BPWI1 OTCel\aJ-be JlI1MOBa
lIO 14 m AY}I{J;fHe. ITo o6aB-
JbeHOM paAHoM XOAY Bpaha ce Kpy>KHH B021( y6p3aHo Y nO'IeTHI1 rroJlo>Kaj.
Ha OBI1M MaKa3a'Ma M02Ke ce BPWHTI1 11 3aKvwasali>e Tj. KOCO O'Pce-
l\albe J;fBMIJ;a JTl1Ma Kao npl1rrpeMa 3a 3aBapeHe cnojeBe.
eJI. 322 - MaKa3e ca jeJ\1iHM KpymHwM HQ>KeM ,.SchuLze & Naurnann": Hajaeha
)l.YiKl'IHa oTceQafba 14 m, HajBeha p;e6JbJ-IHa JnrMa 20 mm.
Cnel\l1jam-le MaJ<a3e 3>1 mu,
CT'a3()'H.C1{e .Ata1{a3e. )J;o caA1I npJ;fKa3aHe MaKa3e CJIY>Ke caMO 3a
npaBOJlI1H11CKO O'Pcel\aH>e Jll1'MOBa Y Ta6JIaMa. MeI)YTI1M, 'IeCTO je no-
Tpe6HO 11 OTCel\al-be JlI1Ma no Kpl1BOj JJJ1'Hl1j l1-cpa30HCKO OTCel\aH>e O,1{HO-
CHO I1Cel\aH>e, Koje ce BpllJ>[ npl1 KpeTaH>Y HO>Ka. CJI. 323
npl1Ka3yje Mal-be MaKa3e 3a nocTynHo I1CeL\aJbe KPI1BOJTI1H11C'KJ1..X 06Jll1Ka
113 JIHMa H 1'0 n pl1 BeJII1KOM 6pojy XOAOBa Ho)!{a. rOpH>11 HO>K je Heno-
KpeTaH, AOK ce A0li>l1 nOKpehe nocpeAcTBoM eKCL\eHTpa.
)J;OK ce cpa30HCKI1M MaKa3aMa rrpeMa CJI. 323 Mory I1Cel\aTI1 pa3Hl1
npoJ;[3BOJbHI1 06JII11\I1, cpa30HcKe MaKa3e npeMa CJI . 324 cJIy>Ke 3a OTce-
l\albe OAHOCHO I1Cel\al'be ollpel)eHl1x 06J!I1Ka 113 Jll1Ma l1J[>I yraoHl1Ka npl1
je,!(HOM XO,1{y. KOA OBe Mallfl1He ce Hoca'l aJIaTa 1 325) Kpehe Bep-
TI1KaJlHO HaHI1>Ke O,1{HOCHO HaBl;fllfe. Ha cBaKoj CTpaHl1 OBor HOCaqa (JleBoj
11 ,1{eCHoj) HaJIa311 ce no jeAa'li aJla1'. AJlaT lia JleBoj CTpalil1 je CTaJlaH >I
267
06m1K npaBOr y rJJa, AOK ceo Ha lIeCHoj CTpaHH CTaBHTH aJJaTlt
pa3JJII'fHl'Or 06JJHKa (CJJ. 326).
en. 323. - BJ.!weXO.llHe ct>a30HcKe :\laKaJe "Nabs & Co" :
Hajaeha .leOJbUHa JIUM3 3 mm, ja'tHHe 45 kgimm!, Haj -
no.nyn pc'I HuK KpHBHHe 80 mm. opoj XO.lOa3 y
.\lI myi'M 1200. norOFlCK3 CHara 1 k. s.
C.1. 324 - J CjlHOXO.llHC cpa'JoHcKc ,\laKa3e " SWlsst oul" : Hajaehe onTepehcJ-bc 30 TOHa.
xon 8 mm. 6poJ XO.lOa3 y \BlHyTII 110. nOrOI-lCKa cJ-Iara MOTopa 2 k. s.
I
m
Cn. 325. - Roca1.1 aJl 3 Ta io,-IaKaaa npel\'ta CJL 324
CJt. 326 - Pa3Hw npo-
2Jl[lTa 32 M 3WllH)r
rrpeM:l CJI. 324
MaLUI1He 33 npo6>rjafhe
Mamuna 3a 7lp06uja1b f' pyna. 3a p yna y JlKNly 11.IDf
npocj:lI-fJUlCaHOM paAl'l 3aKJ1BaJ-ba I1J1W CJIW"'-lHHX paAl-b11, yno-
Cn. 327 - Matlli'lH:l 3<:1 npoGHj al-be pyna "Dol'nbret": aajBelnl npool'ljaLf cl
25 mrn, Hajneha npo6Hj al-ba .1 6 mm, 6poj XO,1J.OBa y i\11'1 HYTJI' 28, norOHCK<l:
Cll i](,2 5 k. s.
269
Tpe6JbaBajy ce MaWHHe 3a np0611jal-be. K ao aJIaT 3a np06Hj albe CJly>KH
l.\HJTHH.n;PI1'-!aH rrp060jal.\. CJI. 327 MaWHHY 3a np06Hjal-be pyna.
Ca eJleKTpOMoTopa ce npeKo napa 3ynyaHHKa nOKpehe nOMohy KpHBajHor
MeXaH"W3Ma XOpH30HTaJIHa .n;BoKpaKa nOJlyra 'IHjH .n;eCHH KpaK nOKpeh
np060jal.\.
Maw.uHa 3a if>a30HcKO npo6uja1be. MawHHa 3a np06Hjalb
CJI. 327 CJIY>K", caMO 3a rrp06",jaJ-bE' noce6H",x pyna. Melj ynfM, aKO H3
JUofMa Tpe6a ",cell.", Aeo npOH3BOJbHOr 06J1HKa, BPWH ce HCel.\aJ-be Ha Taj
Ha'IHH, WTO ce rrp06HjaJ-beM py ne .n;o pyne BPWH o.n;Bajal-be jeAHor AeJl a
MaTepHjaJla o.n; APyror. TIPH OBOM pa.n;y je 6poj xo.n;OBa np060jl.\a BeJlHKH,
AOK ce JlJofM JlaraHO nOMepa Ka np060jlW y3 oAJ"OBapajyhe KpeTaJ-be py -
KOM Y 3a'BJofCHOCTI1 OA )KeJbeHor 06J1JofKa.
Ha CJI . 328 npHKa3aHa je MaJUHHa 3a cpa30HcKo np06HjaJ-be. ,l(a 6H
ce npH cepHcKoM Jofcel.\aJ-bY .n;06HJlH yael{ HCTH 06J11.1l..{l1, MO)Ke ce yno-
Tpe6>1TH Wa6JIOH o.n; Ae6Jber JlHMa KOjH ce 3aje,ll;HO ca MaTepHj aJloM
rrpKMH'Ie np060jl.\y, rrpH yeMY ce HBl1l..\a Wa6J10Ha HaCJlaJ-ba Ha rOpJ-bH Aeo
np06ojl.\a WTO 06e36e"yje BepHo KonHpalhe ca Wa6J10Ha.
CJJ. 328 - MaWl1H3 3a Q:>a30HCKO npo6I1jalbe-KOrUlpaI-be "Edwards Ltd": HajBeha
.neOJbItIH3 nltl1\'1a 5 rrun, jalmHe 40 norOHCKa CHi:l.ra 2 k. s.
270
M8nnme 38 oTceq8H.e npOIJmmlCIIHOr M8TepHj8J18
MaTepYljana npOCTOr 06nYlKa npeCeKa, KaO oKpyrnor HJtH
npaBoyraoHor, !VIO>Ke ce BPWI1TYI YI Ha MeXaHH'IKHM npeCaMa aKO ce y
npI1TI1CKHBa'l CT3BI1 HO>K 3 H3 CTO AOful1. MeI)YTI1M, 33 OTcel.\81be
npo<pl1JTI1C3'HOr MaTepl1jana nOTpe63H je HapO'lI1TYI Ha:cnOH 33 npo<j:Jl1n.
KO.M.6U1WBa1l e .M.UKa.3e 3 a npocpHJl.UCUHU .M.aTepujaJ! . Ha OBOj M3-
(cn. 329) npeABI1i)eHI1 cy HO>KeBI1 K30 YI H3cnOHH 33 OTCel..\afue
KaKO npo<j:JHJTa (yraORI1Ka, .1 npo<j:Jl1na I1TA.) Ha cpeAfueM Aeny Mannrne,
Ta KO 11 YCKHX nl1MeHI1X TpaKa, nJbOCHaTOr 'JeJTl1K'a (ca AeCHe CTpaHe Ma-
WI1He), AOK j e Ha neBoj CTpaHI1 npeABMljeRo np06l1jalbe pyna.
OBah.""Be MaUII1He Hana3e npYlMeHy y TB03AeHYlX KOH-
6pOAOrpa:/l,l1n11WTYlMa 11 t\pynlM Cpa6pYlKaMa 3a npepaAY Ae6-
JbI1X JTYlMOBa 1'1 npo<j:Jl1na.
*
fi
: :$


-:: .,.:'
'f I .
JI!.t
. ...J.
en. 329 - KO;\16MHOBaHe i\'laKa3e 3a npoc.pl'I JtMcaHM MaTepl1jan "Vereinigte Oster-
r eichi sche Eisen 1lnd StahLwerke": 6poj y MJ.1HYTJlI 39, norOHCK a CHara 7 k .s.
B. AJIA'fJ1
Y OBO" lIeJlY 61111e rOBopa yrJlaBHOM 0 MBWI1HCKI1M aJl aTI1Ma
3a MalUI1HCKe 'feK>ll1e 11 npece. ful1XOBa nOlleJla 61111e 113BpWeHa npeMa
BpCTaMa 06palle, Te ce pa3Jll1xyjy CJlellel1e rpyne aJlaTa: aJlaTI1 3a KO-
BaFbe, MCTMCK>lBa>be, 113BJla'feFbe. CaBl1jafbe, 11 KOM6MHOBa-
}-Hr aJIaTW.
AJIATH 3A KOBAH.E
AJlaTl1 3a KOBaFbe Ha MBllll1HCK.,M 'feKl1ruola 11J1J1 npeca,,,a jecy
KaJlynl1 KOjl1 lIajy MaTep"'jaJlY >KeJbeHl1 06JrI1K. KaJlYITJ1 3a KOBalhe lIO-
Jla3e y r JIaBHOM y 06311P npl1 KOBaFby y Ka.rrynI1Ma, aJlI1 ce 11 npl1 CJl060ll-
HOM KOBaJ-bY ynoTpe6JbaBajy 113BeCHI1 aJlaT." Ma lIil MHoro npocTl1je
I-I ca ym'Bep3aJlHOM HaMeHOM.
CJlo60llHO 1<0Ball, e
CJl060.n;HO KOBaFbe npeTCTaBJba "'JlI1 npl1npeMH)' onepaI.\l1jy 3a
HaKHa.n;FlO KOBaFbe y Ka.rrynMMa, 11:11>1 ce CJl060.n;HI1M KOBafbeM 3aBpwaBa
06pa.n;a 6e3 pe3Blha 3a npOCTl1je OOJlI1Ke pa.n;HI1X npe.n;MeTa.
I1PI1 CJl060.n;HOM KOBaFbY ce MaTepl1jaJla BPllfT1 11J'"
CaMO 113Meljy y.n;apHI1X nOBpWI1HB "aJba I-I HaKOBl+la '1eKl1l1a, O.n;HOCHO
113Meljy npl1TI1CKI1Ba'fa 11 CTOJla npece, ce 06J1MKOBal-be MaTepl1jaJla
nocpe.n;CTBOM 113BeCHHX YHI1l3ep3aJrIDIX, nOMol1HI1X BJlaTa.
nO,ltoli1tu aJ!aT1t. Ha CJI. 330 npl1Ka3aH'" cy HeKI1 nOMol1H11 aJlaTI1
3a CJl060.n;H0 KOBa>be KOj 11 ce y Bl1l1Y py'fHl1X Ka.nyna nOCTaBJbajy Ha
MaTepl1jaJl "' JlI1 ce MaTepl1jaJl nOCTaBJba y fbl1X. AJraTI1 npeMa CJI. 330 a
'" b nOCTaBJbajy ce Ha MaTepl1jaJl pa.n;11 Fb"'XOBor YTI1CKMBaFba 'fl1111e ce
nOC1'YI>KY OJlY'faCTa y.n;y6.Jbel-ba. AJlaTII npeMa CJI. 330 C 11 d CJlY>Ke 3a no-
CTI13aFbe paBHJ1X nOBpWMHa, npl1 'feMY aJlaT npeMB CJI. 330 d oMoryhyje
113pa.n;y cpa30HcKor y.n;y6JbeFbfL A.rraTYI npeMa CJr. 330 e, f. g, 11 h c.rry>Ke
3a yceuaJ-be, O.n;HOCHO o.n;ceUaJ-be 11 TO no npc.Boj 11J111 KPI>1BOJlI1HJ1CKOj
3a caB"'jaJ-be nJbOCHaTor MaTepl1jaJla CJly>K11 aJlaT npeMa CJl.
330 i, npl1 'feMY ce I'OPFbm.1 .n;e-JlOM aJIaTa BPWI1 Y1'MCKI1BaFbe MaTepl1jaJIa
y .n;Ofbl1 .n;eo. aJIaTa npeMa CJl . 330 j Mory ce OCTBapl1T11 MeCTI1-
M11'lHa I1cnYIT'lefba Ha pa.n;HOM .n;OK aJlaT npeMa CJI. 330 k
C.l'Y>K11 3a 3aBplllHO 06J1I1KOBaFbe npeTxo.n;Ho rpy60 KOBaHI1X MaTepl1jaJla
KpY>KHOr 06JlI1Ka.
I1pm.1epl1 npeMa CJl. 330 nOKB3yjy caMO HeKe MoryhHoCTI1 CJI060.n;-
Hor KOBaFba nClCpe):{cTBoM nOMol1HI1X aJlaTa KOjl1 Mory I1MaTI1 BPJlO pa(J-
JlI1'fI1'!'e 06Jrl1Ke 11 HaMeH)' .
"
272
Ha CJI. 331 ,!JiaT je llpl1lMep je,lU{e nOJIyre KOBaH>eM.
Kao nOJIa3HM MaTepl1jaJI Y3KMa ce MaTepl1jaJI napaJIeJIomme,lUlor o6JrnKa
(CJI. 331 a). nOMoI;HI1M aJIaTOM npeMa CJI. 330 e I1Jrn f H ca6H-
jaIbeM ,!lecHOr ,!leJIa MaTepHjaJIa (CJI. 331 b) nOfC'I1JOKe ce TOra
,DieJIa (CJI. 331 c). ,lJla.JbHM llpeMa CJI. 331 d 11 I13,DiYlKelbeM Kpa-
KOBa CJI060WUIM KOBalbeM Y '-01JbY KOHYC'Hor cyJRelba, nOCTJOKY ce xpa-
KOBH npeMa 'CJI. 331 e. KpyJK.HHM xpajeBa nOMol'lHKM aJIaTHMa
npeMa CJI. 330 9 OCTBapyjy ce O,DirOBapajyha 3aOOJbelba.

c)
d)
e)
f) 9/
t/
j/
CJI. 330 - IIpHMe pH DOMolurnx 8JI8T8 38 CJI060,llHO KOB8Fbe
,n:aJbl1 npKMep CJIo6o,!1Hor KOBalba ynOTPe60M nOMohIDIx aJIaTa rrpl1-
Ka3aH je Ha CJI. 332. nOJIa13H ce O,Di MaTepl1jaJIa
BaJbKaCTOr 06JIHKa (CJI. 332 a) . CJIo6o,!lHKM oa6HjmbeM roplbe nOBpllIHHe
11 YTI1CKl1BaIbeM y nOMoluUI aJIaT-'KaJIYIl 1 A06Hja ce ITyHO TeJIO 'Ulja
KOHTypa o,woBapa CITOJbHOj KOHTYPH oOOAS (CJI. 332 b). OxpeTa1beM MaTe-
pl1jaJIa 3ajeAHO ca KaJIYnOM 3a 180
0
OKO XOpH30HTaJIHe oce 11 np0611jalbeM
273
cpe,!\l1llIHOr ,!IeJIa nOMony 2 (CJI. 332 c) >fC'I'HcKyje ce cpe,l\fb>f
,!leo MaTep>fjaJIa y "lena y npCTeHaC'I'H ,!leo aJIaTa 3, 'OIMe je 06pa,lla
6e3 pe3BHoa 3aBpweHa (CJI. 332 d).
,l{OdUTU'K 1tU o6pady U TOJlepaHu,uje. Pa,!lIDI 06paljeH CJIo-
6o,!l.1D!:M KOBaH.eM 06wrno ce
jow HaKHB,lIHO o6pa.ljyje pe3a-
HoeM, Te ,l\J1Mew.rnj e KOBaHOr
KOMa,!la Mopajy Behe O,l(
l\'>fMeH3Hja nOTnyHO I'OTOBOr
Pa,llHOT npe,!(MeTa. 360r TOra ce
npaBe n0ce6H>f rwreJKH 3a Ko-
Ba"le ca YBeh= ,l\J1MeH3>rja-
Ma. ,ll;.fMeH3Hje Ha T'HM ru:rre-
}/{HMa YBenaHe cy Y OAHDCy Ha
,l\>fMeH3>rje rOTOBor ,l(eJIa 3a
,!IO,llaTaK Ha o6pB,lly.
Ha CJI. 333 WeMa'I'CKH je
npeTCTaBJbeH ,!IO,!laTaK Ha 06pa-
u;y KOjH ce ,!Io,!\aje rOToBoj MepH
Tj. nOTnyHo 3aBpweHor pa,llHor
nOCJIe o6PBAe pe3a-
HoeM. Ha Taj lHa"I.HH A06Hja ce
KOBa'r:Ka HOMllliaJTHa Mepa.
3a Q,!Ip>KaBaJ-be HOMHHaJI-
He Mepe nocToje 3a Hoy TOJIe-
ca nOOHT>fBHHM H He-
raTHBHHM oTcrynaJ-bHMa 'rHje
cy 'BeJTM'Ilrne 06H'!H0 j e,!lHaXe
pacnopeljeHe HCnO,!l .H >f3Ha,l(
HOMH'HaJIHe 1<C0Ba'rKe Mepe (CJI.
333). aBe TOJIepaHlI,Hje ce TaKO
6>fpajy ,!Ia je y C'BaKOM c;ry-
"Iajy oMoryi1eaa HaKHa,lIHa 0-
6pa,!la pe3aFbeM.
BeJIH'iJ1He ,l(O,!laTaKa 3a 0-
6pa,lly o,!lpeljyjy ce npeMa eM-
IIHpH'iKHM 06paCI.{H1I1a ,!I06Hje-
IDIM Ha OCHOBY BeJI'H'KOr 6poja
MepeFba KosaUHX ,l(eJIOBa pa3-
JIH"IHTHX 06IDfKa. IlpeMa Wol-
lenweber-y je ,!IO,!laTaK Ha 06pa-
u;y 3a Mepy nonpe"IHor npeceKa
y mm
Ii" = 0,06 . M + 0,0017 . L+2,8
r,!le je M - HOMHHaJTHa no-
npe'Ula Mepa 3a npeceK roro-
Bo06pal}eHor pa,llHOr npe,!(MeTa,
a L - AY>KHHa patlHor npe,!l-
MeTa.
,ll;O,!laTaK Ha 06pa.qy 3a
l{y)!umy je aHaJIOrHO
aJ
bJ
CJ
d)
D O
D u
EbD
'"
,I
-;;. .3-
eJJ. 331 - npJ1Mep J13pa.zte ABoKpaKe no-
ny re KOBalbeM
IiL = 0,08 . M + 0,002 . L + 10
18 MaWItlHe aJI3TKe

OBI1 AOAa.qM OAHoce ce CaMO 3a paA Ha '1eKHi1y, AOK ce 3a PRA Ha
rrpecl1 Mopajy Y3eTI1 Behe BpeAHOCT'YI 360r '1eCTe rrojaae rryKOTlflia Ha
rrOBpll.Il1HH MaTepMjaJla Te je AOAaTaK 3a Mepy rronpe'iHor rrpeceKa y mm
O'A = 0,06 M + 0,002 L + 23
a 3a AY>KI-1HCKY Mepy
O'L = 0,065 M + 0,05 . L + 20
CJI. 332 - Ilpl1Mep 113palle 060lla
KOBal-beM


xo/Ja'lxa HOHlUlanHil l'fePQ
CJI. 333 - ){ollaTaK Ha 06p3AY 11
nOJIo}f{aj TonepaHQ"HcKe 30ae npM
cn06o,AHoM KOBatby
CJleAehl-1 eM IDIpK'lKI-1 3a
rrpJ-f KOBaJ-bY jeAHaKl1 cy 3a
'1eKJ-th 1-1 rrpecy J-f OAHoce ce Ha rr03J-fTI1B-
Ha 11 HeraTI1BHa OTcTynaFba.
3a rronpe<IHy Mepy
T A = 0,028 . M + 0,0004 . L + 0,5 mm
3a Ay)J{I-1HCKY Mepy
T
L
= 0,03M+O,003 L + I, 2 mm
rOpl-be BpeAHOCTI1 3a TOJlepaHl.\l-1je
cy HOpMaJlHe AOK Mel)YTI1M
rroCToje 11 Ta'1He PaAHO Bpe-
Me 3a KOBaJ-be -ce 061-1'1HO oApel)yje rrpe-
Ma HOpMaJIHI1M
,n:l1j arpaM H'a CJl. 334 Aaje npeMa
ropJ-b11M j egHa'1I1HaMa BpeAHOCTI-1 3a AO-
AaTKe Ha 06paAY Kao 11 TOJlepaHl..\.l-1je rrpl1
Ha '1eKJ-thy, AOK ce Al1ja.rpai\>[Y! Ha
CJl. 335 ogHoce Ha AOAaTKe Ha 06paAY rrpl1
paAY ca rrpeCOM.
AKO j e Harrp. HOMl1HaJlHa rrorrpe'1Ha
Mepa 300 mm a AY>Kl1Ha paAHo-r npeAMeTa
3000 mm, 6!1.he npeMa CJl. 334 AOAaTaK 3a
rrpeceK 26 mm a oTcTynaJ-be 3a rrpeceK
10 mm, AO-K je AOAaTaK 3a -AY)J{I1l'ry 40 mm
a oTCTyrraFbe 3a AY:HCJ-tHy 20 mm.
" I{oBafhe Y KD rrYWUia
3a pa3JTWKy 0.1' cJl060p;Hor KOBaJ-ba,
rrpI1 KOBaJ-by Y KaJlyTl'l1Ma je urupeI-be Ma-
TepHj'aJla OMeTaHO 3J-tAOB'l1Ma KaJIYrra, rrpl1
MaTepl1joaJI y j MJJ:I1 Bl1llle orre-
Op;HO(JffO y j eAHOM I1J!11 mITlle Ka-
JIYIIa 1l0CTI1JKe CBOj 3aBplllHl1 06.mrn:.
CJII190AHO KO'BaJ-be ce rrpl1MeFbyje 3a
KOBaFbe paAHl1x rrpe)(MeTa 01]; CaCBI1M Ma-
JII1X ,lIHMeH3l1ja lla AO 200 t Te>KMlie rra 11
Behe. PRAHl>! rrpe,l(Me'!1l1 MaJIe Te:HCHHe 06pa-
.\)yjy ce 051-1'1HO Ha '1eIOrl;'I1Ma ca onpym-
I>! TO Bl1llIe npl1 VO- /
JeAHHa'1HO] llP0Jil3BOW"!>I1, AOK ce 3a ceP(Sl
275
CKY lIpoM3BOJ1lby npJ<lI1elbyjy Sa3.nYWID! 'ieKJ<I't", Te>K>LHe nOKPeTHIiX
Maca (MaJba 3ajeJ(H0 ca pa.nIDfM KJlJ1nOM) Oil 50 kg .nO 1 t. Pa,llEl>! npe.n-
MeTII cpeJ(lbe Te>Klffie OJ( np",6JIIDKHO 0,5 J(O 20 kg Te>KKRe 06paljyjy ce
Ra napHl1M: J<JUl sa3AYWIDnl 'ieKJ<:iv<Ma Te>IUfHe nOKpeTHHX Maca OJ( 0,5
J(O 3 t a pelje, OJ( 5 J(O 6 t. Y nOCJIeAlheM cJ"I}''lajy cpeJ(}ba Te>K:HHa paJ(H11X
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H3 qeIGfhy .
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PliWIe rrpocTIO< 06JIKKa. ilPK c:1060AHo:\1 KOB3.lbY Ha XJ.lApa-
yJIJ.f'ffiKM KOBa'l1OOf npeca:\1a 3a pa,'I;He TelKKHe OA 1 lI.O 160 t.
CKJIa npKTIlCKKBaFba ce KPehe K3:odeljy 600 K 15000 t na K BKllJe.
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:J 50 I{)() 150 200 2W .:JOO 3$0 'It}(} '1511 .!DO S50 5{)fJ 650 __
- .7O/"ffL llanNa Hepa /'I
en. 335 - .lV<j arpaMJ< 3a O,lUlel)KBalbe p,op,aTKa Ha o6pap,y npJ< palQ' Ha opecJ<
3a K'OBaFbe Y Kll.nyIDIMa HaJIa3e npl1Meay n apHl1 = BaGlI.YUIlD! 'Ie-
KHIur AejCTBa Te>KHHe nOKPeTHI1X Maca 0lI. 0,5 AO 16 t a pelje
277
0,1\ 22 ,1\0 25 t. napHI1 11m! Ba3AYlUHI1 'ieKl1hl1 npOC'l'or ,l\ejCTBa l<Majy
CJlW1HY 06J1aCT Te>KI1He nOKpeTHI1X Maca Kao 11 'ieKI1I'1" ABOcTpYKor Aej-
CTaa. 'IeK>tJu.t ca cJl060,[(Hona.1\ajyhI>tM MBJbeM HaJla3e TaK'Ol)e u.r>tpoKy
npJo[MeHY rrpu KOBBl-by y KaJlyID1Ma; .Te>I<"Ha naAajyi'll1x Maca Kpehe ce
0,1\ 0,5 ,1{0 3 a pel)e 0,1\ 3.5 ,110 5 t. KOBal'be y I<a.rrynl1Ma Ha I<OJle>laCTI1M
' npecaMa BplllJ1 ce Ha MalJ.IJ1HaMa ' 1l1j a ce CI1J1a Kpehe Jof3-
Meljy 500 " 10000 t, ,1101< ce 0,11 xl1,I\paymt'iHI1X rrpeca rrpM'MeFbyjy MlliI.lJofHe
'iHJa ce CHJla npl1Tl1CKJofBa}ba Kpehe 113Mel)y 150 11 3000 t a 113Mel.lY 400
11 500 t na 11 BI1We 3a 06pa,l\y Jlel'ypa MaJle nJlaCTI1'lHOCTI1 1<0,1\ pa,l\H1<X
npe,l\MeTa cpe,l\l-be Te)J{JofHe, ,l\OK ce 3a pa,l\HE' npe,IIMeTe BeJl11Ke Te)J{JofHe
npJo[Mel-byjy xl1,11paYm!'fHe npece cUJle npl1TI1CK'I1Sal-ba 0,1\ 5000 ,110 6000 t
a y c.rry'iajeBI1Ma 11 0,1\ 80000 t. 3a Kosa>be npOCTJ1jl1X eJle-
MeHaTa y KaJlynl1Ma 'npHMel-byj e ce 11 cppl11<Q110Ha npeca CJofJle rrpHTJ1'C-
I<Joma}ba 0611'<R0 113Mel)y 80 t1 350 t a nOHp.Ka,l\ 11 ,110 500 t.
npl1 KOBal-bY nOA 'ieKt1heM 11J1l< rrpeCOM nocTojJof y ,l\ejcTsa
113BeCHa pa3J1111ia Koja npOl<3J1a311 113 pa3J1t1.Ke U CTaT>t'TKOr
,ltejcTBa MallD1Ha. CJleA ,1{HHaM1<'il<Or AejCTBa MaJba 'leK>lha SpW>1
ce ,l\ecpopMt1ca}be MaTepHjaJIa Hajl13pa311TI1je Ha ropl'bl1M M ,l\01-b11M nOBp-
WJofH3.il13 , Tj. Ha OHJofM rrOSpllIl1HBMa MaTepl1jaJla Koje cy Henocpe,l\HO
Jof3J10)J{eHe y,l\apI..\Y. 3601' Tora ce MawHHCKV. 'ieKJofi'll1 ynOTpe6JbaBajy 3a.,
KOBa}be ,l\eJlOBa ca sehl1M I1cnyn'lee,l1l\la -- peJbecpl1Ma Ha ropl-boj 11 ,1\0-
>bOj nOBpIIDfHl1., 3aTt1M ca pa3rpaHaTJolM ,l\eJlOBJofMa 11 OWTPl1j 11M rrpeJla-
311Ma. npece 3a KOBal-be HaJla3e rrpl1MeHy n:p11 06pa.zt>t ,l\eJlOBa Behe nOBp-
lllJ1He a Mal-be pa3rpaHaTOCTl1. nopeljel-bY ca 'leKJoli'leM, rrpece ,l\ajy Ta'l-
l'mju pa,l\ 11 TO npece ca rrpl1Hy,l\H1<M XO,l\OM Kao Kpl1BajHe 11
Jl aXTaCTe rrpece, Ma ,l\a 1<0,1\ OBI1X npeca nocTojl1 sei'la onaCHOCT 011. JlOMa
y CJlyqajy Beher XO,l\a npI1TI1CKJofSa'la 011. Moryher XO,l\a.
nl1cal.\ je y I..\!ofJbY l1oKopJo[llJheFba 11 cnajal-ba n0311TJofBHJolX OC05UHB'
'leKJoffia 11 rrpece nOCTaBI10 MeToAY CTaTI1'll<O- l1.Jo(HaMJof'iKOr XOBal-ba I1C'FO-
BpeMeHl1l\1 CTaTt1"1Kt1l1l 11 ,l\HHaMI1'iIGIM ,l\ejcTBoM, Kao MeTO.zt.Y Koja 06e3-
6eljyje paBHoMepHHje pa3JlJofBal'be MaTepl1j sJla Kao 11 Bell.y npOI1.YKTJofB-.
HOCT. OBY MeTO.zt.Y je peaJlJ130SaO Ha cnel..\l1jaJlHoj Koja rrpeT-
CTaBJba KOM6JofHBI.\Hjy MeXaHWIl<or 'leKJofll.a t1 xl1l1.paYJlI1'iHe rrpece (npeca- ..
'leKl1h).
Ko,l\ aYToMaTcKl1x rrpeca ce ' AecpOpMl1Ca>be MaTepl1jana SpWt1 ca-
6l1jal'beM, I1CTI1CK11SaJheM I1Jl11 caBl1jal-bE'M 11 Ha I-bI1Ma ce 06paljyjy caMO
MaIbJ1 .ll.eJIOBJ1 .
Kosa'iKJo! BaJbI..\t1 ynoTpe6JbBBajy ce 3a OHe pa,ltHe npe,1{MeTe KOjl1
rrocTajy 113.zt.Y}f{elbeM MaTepl1jaJla, a HapO"l'I1TO 3a l1.eJlOBe 'll1jl1 ce npeceJ{
nOCTeneHO cMal-byje. Ka.rryITI1 3a I<OBa'lKe BaJbKe JofMajy 06J1I1K cerMeHTa
I<ojl< ce yqBpwhyje 3a BaJbKe.
OCHOBltU 06JtU15H KaJty'l1a. npeMa 06JlliKy pa3J111Kyjy ce OTBOpeHt1,
eaCTaBJbeHJof t1 3aTBopeHI1 KaJrynl1.
Ko,l\ oTBope>lOr KaJly'na (CJ!. 336) je Yl1.y6Jbel-be H3pal)eHo caMO y
11.0l-beM l1.eJlY aJlaTa, 11.0K je rOpl'ba nOBpllll1Ha MaTepl1jaJlB orpaHt1"1':Ha
11.01-b0M nOSpWJofHOM rrpI1TI1CKHSa'la 11m! MaJba. nOW"O Je Ma",epl1]aJl
HcnYHI10 KaJlyn, CYSI1WHI1 Aeo ce 60'lHO pa3J1I1Sll cTBapajyhl1 BeHal..\ KOj",
ce ,l{OI..\HI1jP. OTCp.l..\a .
KOA paCTaBJbe>TI1X KaJlyna ce jel1.aH l1.eo Yl1.y6Jbelha Hana311 y 11.0-
>beM aJlaTY a ,ltpy'rt1 y roplheM. OB<1 KaJlyITl1 Mory l1MaTU l1.Ba 60QHa
OTBopa, jeAaH t1JII1 Ht1jel1.aH. PaCTaBJbeHI1 KaJryTI ca ,l\sa 60"l"a OTsopa
278
(CJI. 337) c.rry}!{11 '3a Aecj:JopMI1Cafhe jeAHor MeCTa Ha MaTepl1jaJlY Y BI1AY
Wl1nKe, TaKO A8 HeAecj:JopMI1CaHI1 Aeo UJl1TTKe 113J1a3M M3 KaJlyna ca 06e
GTpaHe. KOA Ka.rryna ca 60'fIDfM OTBOPOM (CJI. 338) Aecj:JopMI1We
ce jeAaH Kpaj WMnKe, AOK Aeo UJI1TIKe M3J1a314 113
KaJlyna. 6e3 60'!Hl1X OTBopa cJlY)Ke 3a Aecj:JopMI1Cal-be MaTepl1jaJl a
y Bl1AY KpllTKMX KOMa/la.
Cn. 336 - OTBopeHi'i Kanyn eJJ. 337 - PaCT3SJbeJ-fIIJ Kanyn ca
ABa 601..JHa OTBopa
Ha CJI . 339 rrpl1Ka3aHe cY pa3He BpcTe paCTaSJbeHI1X KaJryna. Ka-
Jlyn npeMa CJI. 339 a He 3aTBapa ce nOTrrYHO, Beli. ce CyBI1WHI1 MaTepl1jaJr
p a3mma Y BMAY BeHl(a CJl060AHO Kp03
p a3MaK 113Meljy KaJlyna. OBaKaB 06JIrn{
KaJlyna ynoTpe6JbaBa ce 3a Mal-b.e Ta'!He
AeJlOBe, nOlllTO B'I1CI1Ha paAHor TIpeAMeTa
MO}!{e Bapl1paTI1 y 3aBMCHOCTM OA KOJl M-
,[MHe MaTepMj aJla IWjM ce 60'lHO pa3J1J1Ba.
CeM Tora, MO)Ke ce AeCMTI1 Aa ce rrpl1 ca-
6l1ja}f,y BeHal.\ OXJlaAM rrpe 3aBpllleHOr
KOAa, Te Ae6Jbl1 BeH8l.\ TaAa Crrpe'laBa
nOTpe6HO .rrpM6Jll4)KaBal-be KaJIyna Tj. He
BPWM nOTnYHO Aecj:JopMl4Cal-be.
PaCTaBJbeHM Ka.rryn ca Orpa.H.l1'!eHOM
60'fHOM nOBpllll4HOM BeHl.\a (CJI . 339 b)
06e36eljyje Beli.y Ta'fHOCT, HapO'lMTO Y
norJleAY BI1CMHCKe Mepe. M KOA OBor
06JIl1Ka MO)Ke ce AeCMTM rrpeBpeMeHo
oXJlaljel-be BeHl(a lllTO TaAa M3a3MBa rrpe-
KOMepHo BemaOf Aecj:JopMal.\MOHY! oTnop.
U 060Jblllal-be y TOM nOfJleAY npY)Ka Ka-
Jlyn rrpeMa CJI . 339 C, KOA Kor a j e rrpeA-
.BMljeH KaHaJl KOj l1 06YXBaTa l.\eJlY XOPI1-
30HTaJI'HY KOHTYPY llly nJbKHe KaJlyna a
HaJla311 ce Ha OTCTOj al-bY OA 3 -;- 12 mm
OA YHYTpaLillbe 11B'11l.\e YAy6JbeHc-a. OBaj
KaHaJl npl1Ma CYBl1llfH11 npeJIMBeHI1 Aeo

en. 338 - PaCT3SJbeHW 1{3J1yn
ca je,n,KHM 60l.lHJlI M OTBOPOM
a)
') )
Cn. 339 - )"33"1< o6n"'11< pa-
CT 3SJbeHJ1X K3nyna
l/
279
"sTepKja:la. He;;OCTaTaK je osor IGl.:ryna. UITO ce >tSlilla lO"el}y KBHa..la
I< 6p30 KBapK. 3a PaAHe rrpe.DIe'Te o.:z KOjKl< ce TPa;KH Ha-
PO'UtTa Ta'<HOCT npH"elbyjy ce Ka..'!yrI>! rrpe"s Co'!. 339 d. [OpIbH ;;eo
Ka:lyna je.:uun, -,\e.'!o" Y.'!a:rn y .:zOIbI<. '<>Ole je cnpe'leHo OO'<HO '1E!l}y-
COORO 06a
Hajca';pweHJIjl< 06.1IfK rIpe'ITTB.B."ha 3BTBopeH>! KB.'!yn rrpe>la Co'!.
3 .. 0. Ka.,yn 1 (C.l. 340 a). KOj>! IOta o.:zrosapajyh>! 00.1><K. 3BTBOpeH je
ca .:tome CTpaae ;.oOam-ma 2 . .:IOK ca rop-
l-be trpaHe np"''''CKHBa'i 3. . 1a-
Tep'lja.'L "'tja 3anpe'''fHa "opa T8'iHO o,:vo-
aapan! .3a.CIpe)1H.;! r.i:e..'"beHor Pa.:LHO:- npe.J.-
;:cnvEba3a UOTII\"HO tta..n"TI. Ilo:!>!oft".'
3aT30pei:f;tX Ka-"lyna !.lom:e ce ;0 .:IeO:he-:-
;!C"'T"r,CiOfBafbeY .a.06HT;l Ta..Jh::
(c.,. 340 b " c). n o np'!O,lepy KB.1}7lB Dpe>Ja
c.::. 340 b ce ,406;:.-;.: Te.IO 3aBp-7:-ha.
aKO nps06;.,'Tffi: :tpe'lllilK "STi:p;:jB.18 o.:z;ro-
Bapa lIJ)etfID1..l\.-y r."laBe,. a rrpelfl-fK XC-:-,{C1::f)' -
TO:- .:le.la 1Tpel:C--Gmjr crao:la. C.lyqaj npe:.!a
COC. c "a.183<: np>< ;:3pa.::;: He-
.:Ie:IOBa ca OOqm.Of
T a.:ta ce pa.:m aaljeP.,.a npe=e'Ta >lopa ",aayn
;n ."lBa .:te.la 0 Ka::ymn,fa- a..-:aTl{-
>Ja 3B 06pa.:zy lfCTJ.,C!Ol3aE>e" oahe :I0ce6,,0
pe"'i.
U 3aaptu".o ;oea'be. IIp;:
npocr.:j;ru 00::;t1Iillda pa:uIOC :tpe=erd.. ci.
KaJ.a rroe. "la3 ca :10.:'3..38'0:- 05.mKa Aa:--ep;ia-
."i3. :ra :-aroao:- pa:I3):- rtpe.:D!eTa :tJ.!je
apun:: ce KOaa...t:be ca je,4,roD!
flapo :'o1e.1) -:-;''''. np;: ciloLKen;:jlGl
06.'1>!illillB :Ur.pe030 j e lTpao >tB7ep;:ja.-: np;: -
3a 3BBpllli!O K03BE>e. 080 ",,;<rtpe-
llBO K033.fbe YliT\e ce ap!I:&{'rA 6e3 :t.a-
.n-na .'. c::oOo.:iYJn.!. ca :ca-
<:3== - ap;mpeloIID::.Jo! llp5!a
c..-:oae.qoc:--;:: pa.:mo:- npe,;:D.:e:a 0::'- ce ynG-
aJ
b)
-:-pe6o=: ;: a;=e 0 '::; e.::;HOC :rapa ::IJ''':tpe'' - cj
ffi..:::X :rn.."":}r..a.
(10;: o.::pei);::aaFby 06.-::;:= npanpel.llioc
>lopa ce :."3e'r.: y oii:r.!p .::Ia ""Clma
::oc.-:e ;0
>2.:1)7.3 'opa o;,-"/. aeha 0 ':; a;:c;p.e ::oc.ce
J
3a3:ll!11:iO:- K033.Iba a lrla.lbe ::EJ!l);.m.e.. .:.a O;.{ C::. 3-;6 - K.,a::y=!
ce ;. 3aBPa:F.O KB.-;:.-rr;: (O.::ROCHO Co-:e.::eliec..!
::p;mpe .0>< >tB.,,=:nyj ,",0,:;0 ;:33P==: cao:<ja.'be.
Ha c.c. ;;.a:-;: ;: 3aBpma;::x lGi.:!)T.Ei
3;; C.cBHHe 06.-:':J':e. I:peceu;, ca .::ecF.e c:-paBe o.:rrosapa::: 3aBpmEo,",
00:'39-..":'-. .:i, O;:: ca .-:eae r.pa...-:;-...e :!pi-T.pe:YEm.L 3a ..l.e.:;03e y. ll3.fbE:
npecer:e 5e I 1 :nm y .:::= 2 mID a Bemta s' r S Tj . .:leO.."'b;m.a
seaua 3a 3aBp:mm ':OBabe je lo!af!>a ?eco 3a II!>'lIlpe>eo. Ko.:z sei;;Q{
r<peceKa je mm ;; rom. Dpece'" ap;mpemroc
(
280
Tpe6a .Aa 6Y.Ae 3a OKO 8 % Behl1 O.A rrpeceKa 3aBpuIHor KaJlyna, npl1
qeMY ce Y3J1Majy y 063l1P ry6l11.\1'1 YCJle.A BeHl.\a (KOjl1 ce nocJle rrpH-
rrpeMHor KOBa!-ba OTCel..\a) 'l1 caropeBa!-ba Matepl-!jaJla. KOA 3aBpIllHor
06mrn:a 60Jbe je OrpaHH'!l1TI1 60'ffiy nOBpUlYlHY BeHl..\a (Kao Ha CJl . 339 b)
en. 341 - rnaeH>lj>l 06n>l4>' npeceKa
np.rnpeMl<>IX >I oAroeapajyh>lx 3aep-
WHKX Knyna
,n;a ce WTO TaqHJ-IjH
06JII1K.
Ha CJI. 342 .AaT je npHMep H3-
pa,n; e TeJla 3yrrLJaHKKa ca5l1ja!-beM Ha
rrpecl1. Jibpa,o:a j e nO.AeJbeHa Ha 11>11
onepal\l1je, npl-! LfeM)' cy npBe .ABe
npl1npeMHe a Tpeha 3aBPWHa. Kao
nOJIa3HI-! MaTepl1jaJl y3eT je BaJbaK
KOjl-! ce nOCJIe I npeTBa-
pa y nyHO TeJIO Beher npe<HHKa.
IIocJIe II onepaU:l1j e (npl1 06PHYTOM
nOJlo}!{ajy) BPWH ce ,o:aJbe nOBeha-
!-be npeLlHHKa y3 CMa!-be!-be .Ae6JbHHe,
,n;OK ce y III nOCTH}!{e
3aBplllHl1 '06Jl1I1K TeJla Koje ce 3a-
TMM .AaJbe 06paljyje pe3albeM.
IIpMTIpeMHl1 Ka.rryID! ce 'feCTO
pa,n;e y 3aj e.AHW-rKOM 6J1oKY ca 3a-
BPillHJ-lM, WTO y6p3aBa pa.A, j ep ce
MaTepl1jaJI Ta.Aa noCTyrIHo nOMepa
O.A je,n;Hor KaJIyna Ka .ApyroM. Ha
CJI. 343 .AaT je 113rJIe.A O.A03rO ,n;o-
!-ber Ae.na KaJIyna 3a KOBalbe KJII1'fI-
!-baLie MOTopa, .AOK je rop!-b11 Ka.n:yn
I-!CTOBeTHor 06JIHKa. Kao nOJla3Hl1
06= MaTepl1jaJIa ynoTpe6JbaBa ce
oKpyrJla llrnTIKa Koja ce rrpBO CTaB-
Jba nOA paBl-fJ-I .Aeo 1, rAe ce KOBa-
!-beM ,n;061-!j a rpy6 npl16JIJ-1}!{aH 05=
ca npeJla3l1Ma 113Meljy rJlaBa 11 BpaTa
KJII1.TIH,a'le. 3aTl1M ce 6e3 nOHOBROI'
rpeja!-ba MaTepHjaJI CTaBJba y rrpBI1
npl1npeMHI1 KaJIYTI 2, rrpl1 '1eMY ce
MaTepl1jaJl OKpehe OKO Y3.AY:>KHe
oce. OBaKO rrpl1rrpeMJbeH MaTepl-!jaJl
rrpnnpeMa ce AaJbe y KaJlYrry 3 ca
2 -;- 3 Y.Aapl..\a a 3aBpWaBa y KaJlyny
4 ca j e,o:HMM, Raj BMille ,n;aa Y.Aapl.\a.
nocJle M3JIaCKa H3 KaJly-
na 4 y Be311 j e j ow ca W.I1ITK'OM O.A
Koje ce OTCel.\a CTaBJbalbeM cnojHor
MeCTa illMTIKe 11 pa,AHOr rrpe,Ai\JeTa
(MecTO HenocpeAHo 113a BeJIJ-lKe rJla-
Be) Ra HO:>K 5 .
.l{OK cy npeMa CJI. 343 3a KOBafbe KJII1IDba'le rrpe.ABHI)eHa .ABa npl1-
npeMHa KaJIYna pa,n;11 OJIaKUla!-ba pa3J1J-1Bal-ba MaTepMjaJla, rrpl1Ka3aHO
je Ha CJI. 344 KO"Ba!-be I1CTe KJInITI-ba'le npeceKa I ca je,AHMM rrpHnpeM-
HI1M KaJIyrroM HenOBOJbHOr 06J\11'Ka, rrpM '1eMY ce BI1.ll:l1 YTMI..\aj 06J1MKa
281
Ha pa3ID1BaJ-be MaTepJ<jaJla. Kao nOJla3HI< 06J1I<K MaTepl<jaJla Y3eTa je
WJ<nKa npaBoyraoHor 06J00<3.. CJI. 344 a nj>eTCTaBJha TPeFfYTaK jJ.o'!v{pa
J<3Mel}y MaTepl<jaJra J< KaJIYlla. PaBHe nOBpWI<He KaJIYna jJ.0il.l<Pyjy


I
I
.II



I
en. 342 - TIpHMep H'3paAe TeJI.3 3yrrl.J3HHK3 ca6J1jalbe)f y K3J"ryny ca TPJII ortepa.I.(Jfje
B
apecex 11-11
.J
iipeceKC-C

C."J. 343 - .D,OJ-bH KalIyn 33 KOBaJbe Km11Ub3'-1e )IOTCpa - npKnpe!.fHH H 3aspWlfv.
KaJTytrn y 3aje,AHl1'lKoa.l 6nOlCY
paBFfe nOBplIDlHe :.!aTepJ<jaJIa, YCJle"jJ. "era npl< npBO:.! y.i\<lpt\Y (CJI. 344 b)
MaTepJ<jaJr TeIllKO J<cnYFbaBa ropH>e J< jJ.OFhe BpXOBe npo<j<JIa Ben ce
282
60_0 rm-rpM BpwehM rrpMTMcaK Ha 60KoBe KaJlyna. IIocJle APyror
(CJI. 344 c), YCJle,l\ 60'lHor WMpeH>a, nOBehaBa ce KOjH
TaAa nOBehaBa 60'lHH oTnop Te MaTepl1jaJl nO'U!l-be Aa ce neH>e Ka
BpxoBMMa npo<jJl1J1a. Ji1cToBpeMeHo ca nOBehaH>eM CMaH>yje ce
nOBpWWHCKI1 npl1TI1CaK Ha MaTepl1jaJl, Te ce ,l\e<jJopMI1-
cal'be, Koje je 11 OHalKO Beh OTe}!{aHO YCJle,l\ xJla!jeH>a, CBe Te>Ke 06aBJba.
TeK npl1 TpeheM (CJI. 344 d) a nOHeKaA TeK rrpl1 '1eTBpTOM,
I1cnYH>aBa MaTepl1jaJl nOTnYHo 06J1I1K rrpl1npeM-
Hor Ka.rryrra. IIocJle 3aBpweHor npHnpeMHor KO-
Bal-ba 'BPWI1 ce BeH,-\a, nOHOBHO 3arpe-
BaH>e 11 3aBpwHo KOBal-be y 3aBpwHoM KaJlYrry
(CJI. 344 e).
Pa3J111Balbe MaTepl1jaJla y KaJTYrry 06J1MKa
npeMa CJI . 344 OTe>KaHO je 360r HenOSOJbHOr 06JIM-
Ka KaJlyna KOA Kora paBHa nOSpllll1Ha ,l\ejcTByje
Ha paBHy nOB,gWI1Hy. Ha CJI. 345 rrpl1Ka3aHM cy
3a I1CTI1 rrpeceK 06J111l1J1 Ka.rryna I 11
II Kao 11 3aBpillHor III, '!I1jl1 cy rrpHJlarO-
ljeHl1 npl1pOAHOM pa3J1I1BaH>Y MaTepMjaJla. KOA
nplmpeMHOr KaJlyna (CJI. 345 I) AejcTByje Ha pa-
BHY nOBpurl1HY MaTepMjaJla Kpl1Ba nOBpurMHa Ka-
Jlyna Koja nOMa}Ke pa3JTI1BaH>Y MaTepMjaJla KaKO
.y 60'lHOM Ta'KO 11 y B'MCI1HCKOM rrpaB,-\Y IIpM jeA-
HOM YAapl.(Y MaTepl1jaJl nOTnYHO I1cnytbaBa
06J111K I rrpMnpeM'Hor KaJTYna. Ha CJI. 345 I npeT-
CTaSJbeHe cy noj'eAI1He <jJa3e y TOKY j e,llHor
y,l\apl\a. UocJTe 3aBpweHor KOBalba Y
HOM KaJlYny I , BpllFI1 ce BeHl\a, no-
HOBHO rpejaH>e '11 CTaBJbaH>e y np'MnpeMHI1 Ka-
JIyn II (CJI, 345 II) , Ji1 KOA OBor KaJIY'TIa 3ao6JbeHa
MeCTa Bpure npl1TMCaK Ha paBHe no-
spUIl1He MaTepl1jaJla lliTO OJlaKillaBa I1cITYffieH>e
KaJlyna MaTepl1jaJIo'M 11 TO npM jeAHoM
OJI. 345 III rrpMKa3yje 3aBpurHl1 Ka.rryn, '1Mje pa-
BHe nOBpllIl1He Aej'cTByjy Ha KpI1Be nOBpWI1'He
MaTepol1jaJla, Ji1 KOA 3aBpWHor KOBalba AOBOJbaH
je je,l:taH Y,l\apal\,
AKO ce ynopeAe 06a Ha'fl1Ha: KOBaH>e ca
Cn. 344 _ HenOBOJbaH je,l\HMM npl1noeM'HMM 11 je,l\l1HM 3aBpWHI1M Ka.rry-
06n>lK np>lnpeMHOr Ka- nOM npeMa CJI. 344 11 KOBal-be ca ABa nPJ11!peMHa
nyna 3a KOBa"'e Kmm- 11 jeAHI1M 3aBpWHI1M KaJlynOM npeMa CJI. 345,
BI1,l\M ce Aa je nOCJle,l\ffiH Ha'lHH, l1aKO je 6poj
lTp11npeMHI1X Ka.rryna BeiYH, nOBOJbHl1jl1, jep ce
npBo ,l\'0611ja 60Jbe I1cnYffia'sal'be Ka.rryrra YCJleA np11po,l\lHl1jer pa3Jl'11-
Bal-ba MaTepl1jaJla, 3aTI1M AY>K11 BeK KaJlyna, jep ce MaTepl1jaJl He
TaKO 6p30 nOWTO ce Ha H>era y je,llHOM Ka.rryny AejcTByje caMO jeAHI1M
y,l\ap,-\eM 11 Haj3aA, Beha YWTe,l\a CHare jep ce Ha APYfl1 Ha'll1H rOTOB
Aeo A0611ja ca Tpl1 MeCTO ca neT.
Bpoj npl1npeMHl1x onepa'-\l1ja o,llpe,l:ti1he ce YBeK rrpeMa CJlO>Ke-
HOCTI1 paJ\Hor npeAMeTa, npl1 '1eMY Tpe6a Te>KI1TI1 Aa pallHe nOBpwHHe
KaJlyna AejcByjy Ha Kpl1Be nospWMHe MaTepl1jaJla H 06paTHO.
283
Ma Aa Ka.rryml 3a KOaaH>e nOAJIe>KY "'CTI{M OCHOaH"'M np"'HW'I-
mfll,a, ",naK nocToj'''' 113aeCHa pa3JI11Ka 113Mel)y 06JII'lIKa KaJIyna y 3aal1-
CHOCTI1 OA MaW11He Ha KOjOj ce apw'l 11 TO Y 3aa",CHOCTI1
OA 06JII1Ka WynJb>fHe '" YCJIOaa pa3JIJ1aaH>a MaTep>fjaJIa.
/
TIoBOJbaH 0 6m'IK npl.mpe i\UmX 1'1 3aBpWHOr
l\'lOTOpa
J
PaAHH npe,!(MeT npeMa CJI. 342 je 6"'0 npeAB>fl)eH 3a ca6"'jaH>e Ha
npeCl"'. IIowTo ce KOA oaor 06JII1Ka 3aXTeaa aefie 60'rHO pa3JI"'l'aH>e a
MaH>e pa3ID1aal-be no a"'ClfH11, TO je y oaOM CJIY'lajy npeca noaOJblmja
OA '1eKHfia nOWTO TTpeca caoj"'"' JIaraH'1M AejCTaoM 60Jbe AecpopM11llle
MaTep",jaJI 0 60'l'l{OM Ha CJI. 346 AaT je np>r1l1ep pa):(Hor npeJ(-
MeTa 1(0jl1 je TaKol)e npeABl1ljeH 3a paA Ha npec"" np'" 'le1l1Y rOPJ-bJol Aeo
CJTI1Ke rrp11Ka3yje npHnpeMH:I1 Ka.rryn a AO>bl1 3aapWHI1. MCT'" pa,1(Rl1
npeAMeT 6", ce Morao AecpopMHCa'l'l1 '" Ha '1eKJorliy, y K01l1 c.rry'lajy 6",
nOJIo>Kaj 3aapW'HOr Ka.rryna 6"'0 06pHYT, nOWTO ce KOA '1eKl1ha Haj60Jbe
pa3JIWSa>be nOCT>OI<e HaaHwe, y AejcTaa C"'JIe.
3a Koaalbe MaIM'" '" TaH>"'X AeJIOaa apw", ce np",npeMaI'be MaTe-
jJl1jaJIa Ha Taj Ha'l"'H, WTO ce Y3>1l11a nJbOCHaT MaTepJofjaJI y W",nl<aMa
'" nOA npecoM y3 nOMofi OA"OSapajyfier aJIaTa BpW11 MaTep>f-
jaJIa Ha np",6JT11lKaH 06JII1:I<. Ha CJI. 347 a+ d np"'Ka3aHe cy pa3He 1110-
ryfiHOCT'" OTCel\aH>a lI1aTep"'jaJIa paAJoI np",npeMe 3a 1<0aaH>e '" TO: AeJI"'-
MI1'1>O rrpaao, KOCO, l(oM6WHOaaHo >I AaOCTpyKO Ko'!( nOCJleA-
Iber Ha"l'J1Ha A06Jofjajy ce np'" je,!(H0ll1 "'CTOBpell1eHO Aaa
K01l1aAa.
284
ITpJ1Mep np"lJTpeMHor OTCeL1aFba je Ha CJI. 348 Kao ITPJ1Mep 3a
M3paA"Y pa'iBaCTOr TOJlepaHl.l)1CKOr MepJ1J1a. MaTepHjaJl je OTCe'leH TaKO
(CJI. 348 a) )la ca crpaHe OCTaHe LIDfJbaK KOjH CJlyJKH 3a npHA"P-
+
I
}f{aBalbe npe)\MeTa npH YMeTalbY y KaJIyn. ITo-
cJle OTCeL1alba BPWH ce ca6Hjalbe Ha Cpe.I\HHH
(CJI. 348 b). 3aTHM ce BplIDl npolIDlpelbe (CJI.
348 C Y npM.npeMHoM Ka.rryrry M.JIH
KOBaJ-beM y3 nOMoh py'lHOr KaJlyna. ITocJle OBe
onepaL1Hje BpLl.rn ce rrpM' rpejalbY KOBa-
lbe y npJ1npeMHOM H 3aBpWHOM KaJl y ny (CJI .
348 d) .
Be1iau,. KO)l )lBO)leJIHM.X, pacraBJbeHl1X
KaJlyna CTBapa ce BeHaL1 H TO YCJle)l npeJlM-
BaJ-ba CyBH1llHor MaTepHjaJla.
ITO)le.ny 06.11:KKa Ha roplbH H KaJIyn
Tpe6a BpLl.rnTM. rrpeMa 06J1WKY npe,!l>'.feTa
TaKO )la ce OJiaKWaBa pa3J1HBaJ-be MaTepHjaJla
Kao J1 OJlaKWaBa J13pa)la Ka./lyna. Pa)lH.H npcp'-
npeMa CJI . 349 a MO}f{e ce Ha
roplbH 11 )lOlbH KaJlyn Kao npeMa CJI. 349 b y,:Jrn
349 c. Y npBOM CJIY'lajy 6H pa3JfHBaIbe 6HJlO
Cn. 346 _ npl1Mep l<3paJ\e OTe}f{aHO, nowTO MaTepKjaJI Ha .'1eCTY
paJ\Hor ITpeJ\MeTa Ha rrpecll MOpa)la HcrryHH BeJlMKO Y)ly6Jbelbe y KaJI y ny.
Y IIP"npeMlIo>t "3aSpWlIOAl CeM Tora je 113pa)la TaKBKX KaJIyna )lOCTa CKy-
Kanyny na. MHoro je KopHcHI1je M3BpLl.rnTI1
npeMa CJI. 349 C, jep je J13pa)la TaKBor KaJIyna
BPJlO npocra a pa3JTHBaJ-be MaTepHjaJla paBH.OMepFfHje. B eHar(, KOjl1 ce
Ha Taj Ha'IHH CTBapa, JlaKO ce OTCel.1a aJIaTOM npeMa CJI. 349 d, KOjl1 ce
a)

i
b)

______
/
c)
____ . ...... ___ __ .....! _ ______
\
Cll. 347 - Pa3He .. oryhHOCT>I Talber .... Tepujana pai\>l np"npeMe
33 KOBalbe
en. 348 - IIpHMeHa npaaor oTceu.atb3 npH J13pa,ll,H pal.fSaCTOr
TOJIepaHllHCKOr MepJ1na
d)
en, 349 - IIpJ1Mep nO,llene Kany na H3 roplbH 11 ,Il,Olbl1
286
MO>Ke TaK7ol)e JIaKO 113pa,l:lWl'M Ha cTpyry. AJIaT 3a OTCel.\albe BeHl.\a
npeMa CJT. 349 b M!Horo j e CKYTIJbM, now'I'o ] e KOHTypa BeHl.\a HerrpaBMJIHa.
Cn. 350 - IIpl1Mep nO,llene Kanyna Ha
roptblrf J1 .llOtbl1 3a cJIyqaj casJ1j alna
Pa.,rvrn rrpe,l:lMeT rrpeMa CJI.
350 Haj60Jbe j e nO,l:lemrrM KaO Ha
CJI'Ml.\"M, npM 'IeMy' ce rrpM je,ll;HOM
Y,l:lapl.\y BPWM M caBMjalbe M Aa-
Balbe 05.IDfKa. ,UeJIel'be 110 paBlUI
I -I 3aXTeBaJIO 6M jow 3ace6aH
KaJIyn 3a caBMjal-he.
,Ue6Jb'WHa BeHl.\a, Tj. ,l:le6JbM-
Ha .rrpeJIMBeHOr MaTepMj aJIa rrpM
KOBalbY, 3aBMCM 0)]; oDMMa r;a,l:l HOr
npeAMeTa Ha MeC'l'Y nO,l:leJI e Ka-
JIY>J1a, Kao 11 'OA .z:l:y5MHe WYfTJDM-
He. CeM Tora ce pa3JIM'I,HTO Y3M-
Ma ,l:le6Jbl1.Ha 3a BeHal..\ ca CJIc50,[l-
HHM 60'IHMM nOBpWMHaMa (Kao
Ha CJI. 339 a) a pa3JTM'UlTO ca
Orpa!HWIeHMM BeHl.\eM (CJI. 339 'b
MJIH d).
,UMjarpaM Ha ClI. 35 1 ,[Iaje
Betll.\a 3a Ma}be 11 cpe,l:l-
}be KOBaRe ,l:leJTOBe ca 60'IH0 OrpaHM'IeHMM BeHl.\eM. ,Ue5JbMHa ce Tpa>K.l
Ha OCHOBY HajBehe mMpMHe 'KOBaHOr ,Il.eJIa M HajBehe BHCl1He l'l3HaA MJTM
l1cno,l:l MeCTa nO,l:leJIe KaJIYfTa, O,!(HOCHO HajBelie ,Il.y5MHe urynJbMHe Ka-
JIyrra. 3a KOMa,l:le Belie ,l:ly-
)!{l1He O,l:l 100 mm ,Il.o,l:laj e
ce 3a CBaKMX ,Il.aJbMX 100
mm AO,l:laTaK Ha ,l:le6Jbl1HY
O,l:l 0.1 mm.
IIpl1Mep: 3a KOMa,l:l
.z:l:yn<'MRe 600 mm, Wl1PJ-l-
He 110 mm a .z:l:.Y6l1He O,ll.
MeCTa nO,l:leJIe 50 mm 5.11-
he ,peMa ,l:l.l1jar paMv Ha
CJI. 351 ,l:le5Jbl1'Ha BeHl.Ia
1,5 MM. MeI)YTl1M, n O)1JTO
j e .z:l:.Y)!{'I1Ha Beha 0,1( 100
mm 3a 500 mm, TO j e ,l:lD-
.z:l:aTa'K Ha ,l:le5JbI1HY
5 . 0.1 = 0,5 mm a yKyrr-
Ha .lIe6Jbl1Ha BeHl.\a 2 mm.
,Ue5JbMHa 3a
Behe KOMa,l:le, K7ojl1 ce
KYi y nOA TeWKMM '1eKI1-
hl1Ma fnapHl1M MJIJ-l ca
CJI050,l:lHMM na,l:lOM) a KO,ll.
KOjMX ie 60'lHa nOBpUII1-
Ha BeHl.\a CJIo60,lVla, 0,1(-


Cn. 351 - .n;"jarpaM 3a 113Hana>KeFbe ,lIeGJbI1He
aeHQa 3a Mafbe H cpeAfbe Aenoae ca 60'-lHO orpa-
HHqeHHM
pel)yje ce Ha OCHOBY ,l:lJ-ljal'paMa npeMa CJI . 352. Ha AMja'rpaMy je a OA-
HOC cpe,l:l}be WMpMHe b", npeMa .z:l:.Y>KMHlH a h HajBefia Bl1Cl1.Ha pa,lVlor
npe,l:lMeTa. Bpe.llHOCTl1 113 ,Il.MjarpaMa O,lVlOce ce Ha MaTepJ-ljaJI cpewne
287
'mpCTo!;e W W3'!{)'}Kel-ba (C. 37. 11 - npeMa JUS- y C. 0345). YKOJ1A'<O
ce MaTepwJaJl JlaKlUe Aeq,opMl1l.lIe Mory ce Bpe,llHocTw CMal-bH"nt HajBWlJJe
3a 25 %, AOR ce 3a MaTepwjSJl Mal-be nJlaCTI1'I.HOCT>! nOBehaBaj Y BpeA-
HOCT'" Haj Bl1lJJe 3a 25 %. .
.
1
a
1Z
f/


"" f
'"
'" J

:!:, n
.a
I .....

"'" f(}()(J
- - 9f1.MClOla II(ONQ qa I
en. 352 - ,l(Jlja rpa:'l1 33 '13Han3)f{efhe ,neOJbI-lHC seHl,{a 3a sehe ca OOl{HO
CJlOOOAHl'rM
ITpwMep: BHCWH3 paAHor npeAMeTa h = 500 nun, b
m
= .00
mm, ,!{Y>K>fHa I 1200 mm, OAHOC
a = = 700 = a 58.
I 1200 '
lTOWTO je h< 0,5 b TO je 3a 1= 1200 mm ,!{e5ihl1.Ha BeHl..\a s=iO mm.
,au...e"H.3UOHUCa1he eJte.Ke"H.a.ra Ka..nyna. EJ10KOBI1 KaJIyna JJ;>L"eH3HO-
HWury ce npeMa KOHTypaMa pa,ztHor npe,!{Me1'a. AKO ce KOBaIbe npeABHJ:ja
Ha Maun1HCKHM QeKl1hWMa, a paAID! npeAMeT je TaAa ce
Ay5Jha W pa3rpaHaTwja lJJynJhJffia npeABwlja Y rOpl-beM KaJlyrry, a n.n'lba
y OBO 3aTO WTO je YTBpljeHo Aa ce npl1 KOBaIbY nOA
MaTepJ1jaJ1 ,!{Ba rryTa 5p>Ke nel-be HaBl1UJe Hero HaHW)!{e. KOA Kosafua
Ha npecl1 je 05paTHO: wAe HalUUKe 1'/2 nyTa 5p>Ke Hero Ha-
11 3aTO ce 3a npece 113paljyjy Behe ,!{y5>rne y AOI-beM KaJlyny.
,l(11MeH3J1je 6JIOKOBa 3a ropfbW 11 AOl-bH KaJlyn cy HCTe.
EJlOKOBH Mory 6HTl1 KBap;paTHor I1JIW npaBoyraoHor a6m1Ka. HOpMaJlHe
A'!MeH3wje KBaAPaTHI1X 5JlOKOBa cy (WWPJffiS B x BHCI1Ha H) 100 X IOO
mm ca nosel'ial-beM OA no 25 mm AO 300 X 300 mm nOCJle KOjl1X ce AM-
)1eH3'lje nOBel'iaBajy 3a no 50 mm (CJl. 353) . KBaApaTHI1 06JIWK ce y no-
Tpe5JbaBa aKO je 05e35eljeHo A05po npWIBpurhHBaIbe ropfber KaJl yns.
ITpaBoyraoHw 05JI.l1K (MaIba BMCI1Ha npeMa illl1PMHl1) ynoTpe5JbSBa
ce aKO nOeTojM onaCHOCT rrpeTypaJ-ba 5Jl OKOBa. HOpMaJIHe AWMeH3Mje
npaBoyraoHHx 5JiOKOBa cy (illl1pWHa B X BMCl<Ha H) 150 X 125 mm,
200 X 150, 250 X200. 300 X250 MJlW 200, 350X250, 400 X300.
fopl-be BpeAHocTw OAHoce ce Ha 3aapwHe KaJlyrre, AOK ce 3a rrpw-
KaJlyne ,!{W"-'1eH3wje ;\<Dry CMal'b>ITI1 3a OKO 20 %.
Bwc>rna jeAHor AeJla KaJIyna H (CJl. 353) 1"pe6a Aa 5YAe AOBOJhHO
BeJTWKa Aa 5w ce w35erao JlOM KaJlyna l< Aa 5w ce OJlaKillaJlO oABoljefbe
2&8
TOnJlOTe. CeM Tora, .o;OBOJbHa BIiICIiIHa oMory haBa HaKHaAHY 06pa,ny -npo-
Ay6JbHBaFbe !TOCJle J1CTpoureH'OCTJ1. KOA 'leKlilha BeJlIiIKa BIiICI-IHa OAHOCHO
Te:>KIiIHa roplber Kanyna nOBefiaBB iii ,nYlHBMJ-I'lKO AejcTBo 'leK'Kha. Bli!CJi!Ha
H MO:>Ke ce o.npeAJ1TJ1 npeMa
eMlTJ1pliI'lKOM 06pacl.\y H = h . c,
rAe je h - Ay61-1Ha urynJbIilHe
j e,!\HOr AeJla Kanyn a, a c -
<jJalITop KOjl-l ce MOJKe Y3eTJ1
npeMa AJ1jarpaMY Ha CJI . 354.
ITpJilMep: 3a .ny61i1HY ,h =
=1 00 mm j e c= 2,7, Te j e
H = 2,7' 100 = 270 mm.
t---- -- IIhrpl1:Ha 6J10Ka .B (CJI .
353) oA'Pel)yje ce lTpeMa cJle):\e-
heM eMlTJ1pJo!'IKoM 06pacl.\Y a y
3aBJ1C'HOCTIiI 0):\ HajBehe llll1pJ1-
Cn. 353 - 03HaKe ,l\I1MeH3,tja 6noKa Ka.:ryna He b urynJbJi!He: B = b . Ct ,
r):\e je Cl
3a WI1PI1Hy b,l\o 50 nun 3a cno60llHl1 BeHaq 3 3a OrpaHI1'1eHl1 BeHaq 3,5
3a Wl1PI1Hy b ,l\O 250 mm 3a Cn060,l\HI1 BeHaq 2,5 3a OrpaHI1'1eHI1 Bel<3q 3
3a WI1PI1HY b O,l\ 250 nun HaBl1We 3a Cn060,l\HI1 BeHa3 2 3a OrpaHH'IeHI1 BeHaq 2,5
Tl/
8
'-.,5
I
'I
z
o
\
\
~
r-....
........
r---
r-
20 '10 50 tJO f(J(J 120 f lrfJ.,,,,
. -11
Cn. 354 - .l\loIi arpaM 3a 113HanmKea,e cpuKTopa c
l'oPFbe Bpe,nHOCTIiI O):\Hoce ce Ha ):\y6oKe urynJbJi!He Tj. 3a h >
2
3a nJlIiITKe ury nJb'Ji!He ce <jJaKTDp Cl MO:>Ke CMaFb'JiIT1iI 3a 0,5.
,[(Y>KJilHa 6J10Ka L (CJI. 353) YCJlOBJbeHa je ):\y>KJi!HOM uryITJb'Ji!He, nplil
'feMy je oTcTojaFbe I-IBJ1l.\e wynJbJi!He 0):\ J1BI-Il.\e 6JIOKB j eAHaKo 1,5 h, rAe.
j e h ):\ yfumla wynJb'JiIHe je):\Hor KaJlyna Te j e L = L+3 h, .rAe je L ,r(y)KJ1Ha
WynJbIilHP..
HOpMaJIHe A.lo1MeH3l-1je AY>KWHe L nOBehaBajy ce 3a no 50 mm AD
500 mm Ay>KJ1He, OA Roje ce n OBehBBajy 3a no 100 mm.
,[(a 61i1 ce OJlaKllIaJTO pa3JTJ1Balbe 'MaTep'Jilj aJTa -rpe6a npJ1 oApel)'Ji!-
Balby 06J1I-1Ka KOBaHor KO'MaAa J136ehYI CBe oWTpe npeJla3e. OBJ1 ow-rpl-l
npeJla3J1-J1Bli!l.\e MOry ceM Tora J13a3BaT'Ji! 1-1 KOHl.\eH'rpal.\J1jy Hanpe3aFba
y KaJlyny J1 eBeHTyaJIHO npCKalbe. Y OWTplilM J1Bli!l.\a'Ma urynJbJ1He KaJIyn a
JlaKO ce 3aAP>KaBa iii nOBpI1lMHCKIiI J13rOpeJlJ1 MalfepliljaJl. ,[(Ji!jarpaM Ha
289
CJI. 355 ,lIaje nO,llaTKe 3a HajnoBOJbIDIje nOJIynpe'lHIfKe 3ao6Jbe>ba WBl1l.\a
pa,llH1'Ix npe,llMeTa OAROCHO illynJbJ4Ha Kanyna y 3aBWCHOC1'W O,ll BWCIDIe
J43Ha,ll HJIH J<cno,ll nO,lleOHe JIJ4HHje 3a roPFbJ4 J4 ,lIO>b11 KaJIyn.
8
I
-
5
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I
z
o
20 I{O 8U IIJI} 120 II{(}
150 /80
--h, fA,)
CJI . 355 - ,z:r;l1jarpaM 33 J-13HaJla)Kel-be nonyrrpe"lHI1Ka 3ao6Jbeiba cnOJbH"WX
KQBaHJ1X Jl,eJIOBa
I1pJ4Mep: 3a h = 120 mm je 1'=6 mm.
Bpe):IRoc1'J4 npeMa Ha CJl . 355 O,llHOCe ce caMO Ha cnOJbHe
J4Bl4l.\e pa,llHOr npe,!IMeTa 11JlJ< YHYTpaIillbe IfB1'IL\e wynJbJ4He, ,lIOK ce nOJIy-
npe'I'Hl4l.\l< 3ao6JbeFba 3a YHYTpalll1ebe illynJbe J4BlfL\e pa,llHOr npe,llMeTa
OAHOCHO CnOJbFbe J4Bl4l.\e KaJlyna HaJIa3e npeMa ,!IJ<jarpaMY CJl. 356 y 3a-
BJ4CHOCTJ4 O,ll ,lIy61me w y nJbHHe h. TaKo je Hanp. 3a h = 100 rom nony-
npe'lHWK 3ao6Jbe>ba R = 20 mm. Ha J<CTOM AJ<jarpaMY AaTJ4 cy H nOJly-
npe'lHl4l.\w 3ao6Jbe>ba Tl 3a OHe illynJbIDIe Ha pa,llHKM npe,llMe'I'lfMa Koje
cJly>Ke 3a npl1npeMalebe oAroBapajyher MeCTa Ha MaTepJ<jany 3a AOL\HHje
npo6Hja>be py ne. Hanp. 3a npe'lIDlK pyne D = 140 mm je O,llrOBapajyfiJ<
nOJIynpe'fHl4K 3ao6JbeFba TJ = 34 mm.
I10peA npaBWJIHOr 3ao6Jbefua WBl4l.\a KaJIyna nOTpe6Ho je, PaAW
OJlaKWaH>a pa3JI J4Ba>ba MaTepJ4jaJla Kao H JIaKiller Balje>ba KOBaHor KO-
Ma,lla H3 KaJI y na, ,lIaTJ4 60'I'HMM cTpaHaMa W3BeCTaH Rarw6 (CJl. 357). 3a
npaae AeJIOBe (KBa,llpaTHe, npaBoyraoHe W CJI.) Y3wMa ce Harn6 yrffy-
Tpaillfuwx nOBplllIDIa ell = 11 0 (1 :5) a 3a cnOJbFbe nOBpunrne ('(2 = 6
0
(1 : 10) .
3a oKpyrJle ,lIeJIOBe Y3wMa ce HeWTO MafuW Rarw6 1'1 1'0: 3a YHYTpallIFbe
nOBpwlfHe un = 7 1' (1 : 7,5) a 3a cnOJb>be a.=4 (1:15) .
I1pw W3pa,llw KaJIyna npeMa L\pTe>KY ca KOBa'iKHM MepaMa nOTpe6Ho
je ,!IJ<MeH3Mje wynJbIDIe KaJlyna nOBeha'l'M 3a M3BecHy Bpe,llHOCT npeMa
,lIJ4Me:H3lfja1l1a ca L\PTe>Ka ,lIa 6w ce Y3eJIO y 063WP cKynJba>be MaTepwjana
no oXJIa!je>bY. AMMeR3wj,a KOMa,lla no oXJla!je>bY je y Mafuoj
Mepw KOMTIeH30BaHO W W3BeCHMM illWpe>beM KaJlyna YCJle,ll 3arpeBafua.
CKYflJba>be je 3aBWCHO O,ll MaTepwjaJIa pa,llHOr npe,llMeTa, Te ce 3a 'iemrn:
.l{J<MeH3wje nOBehaBajy 3a 1,2-H,5%. 3a HapO'llITO TaRKe ,lIeJlOBe, KOA
19 MawHHe 3J1aTKe
290
KOjl1X ce BeHal.\ OTCel.\a jow rrpl'l L\j:}BeHQM YCl1j atby, Y3J1Ma ce rroBehalbe
o,n: 0,75+ 1,2%. 3a a.rryMI1Hl'1j YM Y3J1Ma ce 1,5+1,7%.
'< 30

Lo
en. 356 -- ,nJ>lj arpal'\'I 3a M3HanaX{Nbe nonynpe"'lHI1Ka 3aOOJberba YHYTpaWI-bJIIX J>IBIrl:qa
KOSaHi>l X ,neJIosa
AJIaT 3a OTCeL\albe BeHl.\a 06114HO ce cacTojl1 113 nJI04e o,n: aJIaTHOr
4eJIl'lKa, ,n:OK j e OCTaJIl! ,n:eo aJIaTa 011 06114HOr KOHCTPYKTl'IBHor 4eJII1Ka .
.n:e6JbPIHa OBe nJI04e 0 MO)!{e ce npM6JII1)!{HO o,n:pe,n:l'ITI1 rrpeMa eMID1:pI14KOM
06pacL\Y 0= l . C', r ,n:e je l,n:Y)!{l1'Ha KOBaHor ,n:eJIa a c, Koe<pML\l'IjeHaT npeMa
en. 357 - YrnOBl1 Harw6a 60'-lHJ<IX
nOBpWItIHa KOBallll.X ,nenoea
.2
0
8

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o 1011 2011 .:1011 fOIl .fl)(J 5lKJ iW lW .. ",
- /
CJI. 358 - ,lJ; w: j arpaM 3a JrJ1Hana:w;:etbe
Koeq, . c,
,n:wjarpaMY Ha CJI . 358. HOpMaJIHe ,n:e6Jbl'l He OBMX TI.JI04a Kpehy ce 113Meljy
40 11 120 mm ca TIoBehalbeM ,n:e6JhI1He o,n: 20 ,n:o 25 mm. YKOJII1KO ce no,n:
nJI04Y 3a OTCeL\albe rro,n:Mehe i'0w j e,n:Ha TIJI04a 3a rro,n:yrrwpalbe, Mory ce
BPe,z:(HOCTI1, ,n:06l1jeHe Ha oBaj Ha'UlH, CMalbl1TJ1 3a 30%.
291
3a30p >l3Mel)y roptber aJIaTa 3a OTCeQatbe 11 nJIO'le (CJI. 359) Y3>11'>rn
ce 3a c.rryqaj a)
el = 0,05' s,
rAe je s Ae6Jb1<Ra seRQa. 3a cJIY'laj b) je
e, = O,I s.
IIps>l cJI Y'laj je y norJIei\Y .0TceQatba 60Jb>l aJI>! ce aJIaT 6p>Ke Tyn>l.
1{(L.Jtyna 3a KOSa>be. Kao MaTep>!jaJI 3a >l3pai\Y aJIaTa 3a
KOSatbe ynoTpe6Jbasa ce mlBeRO rso>Kl)e, mIseR>! '1eJI>lK >1m. '1eJIl11(.
en. 359 - 3a30p H3MeJ,y roplber II ,!I;Ol-ber anaTa 3a oTceu,aIbe BeHL(a
JI>lBeHO rso>Kl)e HaJIa31< npl1MeHy np>! KOSatby Matber 6poja KOMaAa
OA MeKlller MaTepl'lj aJIa 11 TO >lCKJbY'l11S0 nOA npecoM. 3a KosaFbe nOA
'1elOlheM Jt>IBeHO rSO}Kl)e He 1l0JIa311 y 063>1p.
JI11SeH>I '1emlK y noTpe6Jbasa ce MeCTO JT>lBeHOr rso>Klja 3a seli a
onTepehetba.
"leJT>lK Ha.na3>! 3a =paAY Kanyna HajUllipy np>lMeay. IIpeMa seml-
'1I1H>I onTepehetba y noTpe6Jbasajy ce HeJIerl>lpaHI1 >lJI>I JIerJ>lpaR>! '1em1QH.
3a >l3paAY np>lnpeMH>!x KaJTYna Kao >I nJIYITKJ<X KaJIyna, a 3a KO-
sal'be Ma.!ber 6poja AeJIOSa OA Me1<or MaTep>ljaJIa, ynOTpe6JbaSa ce yrJbe-
H>!'1H11 S. M. '1eJI>lK ca yrJbeHI<Ka, 0,7-;-0,9
0
/
0
MaHraHa I< 0,3
0
/0
CHJI Jlftn1jYMa.
3a seha onTepehetba, a 3a KaJI y ne cpe)1Fbe ,!G'6>IHe wynJblrHa, yno-
Tpe6Jbasa ce 3a KOSa.!be seher 6poja KOMa,l\a OA '1em1KaMaFbe >! cpe)1Fbe
'1 spcTohe MaHraH ca
0,5-;-0,6
%
y rJbeHHKa,
1 -;- 1,2
%
1-7-1,2
CI1JTI1Ql1jY1'>l a.
3a jaKo onTepehE'He KaJTyne Maml X 11 CpeAlbl1X A>!MeH3>1ja 11 nJII1T-
Kl1X wynJb>lHa ynoTpe6Jbasa ce l!UIJIaBO TSPA>I y rJbe>lI1'1H11 '1eJI>lK ca
0,9-7- 1,10/0 yrJbeHI1Ka >I MaHraHa a KOj.1 je Matbe nocTojaH
npeMa TOnJIOT>I. 3a I1CT>I cspxy CJIy>K>I >I HI1CKO JIE'rl1paHl<
selie nocTojaROCTI1 npeMa TonJIOTI'1 ca 0,3-7-0,5% xpOMa >I 0,7 yrJbeH>lKa.
3aT>lM XPOM IDIKeJI BOJI<ppaM- '1eJI>lK ca 0,2-7- 0,45 % yr.'belU!Ka, 0,7-;- 1,3
0
/ 0
xpoMa, 1,5-7-3% HI<fKJIa 11 0-7-5,5% somppaMa >lJIl< Bl1COKO JIerJ>lpaHYI XpOM
BomppaM- 'leJIl<K ca 0,25-;- 0,35% yrJbeHJ1Ka, 2-7-4% xpoMa >I 8-7-10%
BOJTcPpaMa.
19'
292
3a jaKo orrTepeheHe KaJI)'rre cpe,!lH:;(.1X (.1m! BeJl(.1I01X ,!IJ-IMeH3J-1ja ca
,!Iy60lU1M wyrrJbWHaMa yrroTpe6JbaBa ce BWCOKO JlerJ-lpamt XpOM-QeJll1K ca
3% xpOMa W 0,7% yrJbermKa. 3aTwM XPOM ca 1+ 1,5%
x poMa, 3, 5+ 4,5% HWKJla W 0,3+0,45
%
yrJbeRWKa (.1J1l1 xpoM HHKeJl BOJI-
<ppaM-QemlK ca 0,2+0,45% yrJbel'II'1Ka, 1,5+3% HKKJla, 0,7 -;- 1,3% xpOMa
W 0+5,5% BOJI<ppaMa.
CeM rap}b(.1x BpcTa QeJl(.1Ka HaJla3W !1pI'1MeHy 3a KaJI)'TIe ca .IIy60KYlM
uryTIJbWHaMa jow (.1 XPOM HWKeJl MOJlw6,!1eH-'ieJlI'1K ca 0,45+ 0,6% yrJbe-
-HWKa, 0,5+ 1 % xpoMa, 1,5+ 2,5% HKKJla, 0,2 -+- 0,8% MOm!6,!1eHa 1'1
0,15+ 0,25% SaHa,ll;wjYMa.
)1,odaTa1C "fla o6pady U ToJtepa1Lt4uj e. 3a KOBaHe ,l1eJlOBe, KOjl'1 ce
HaKHa,l1HO pe3aH>eM, ce ,l10,!laTaK Ha 06pa,l1y 3a CBaKY
o6paijeHy rrospW'I(fHy. OBI'1 ,l10,l1au(.1 Mory ce y3eTI'1 rrpeMa ,!IJ-I j arpaMY Ha
CJI. 360.
111111111111111111 11
o JlJtX/1J/)21XJ2JlJJt.OWJotJOJISS0600 10tJ 8DO
- -Ha/.Ielta Hepa
Cn. 360 - ,nJ<j arpaM 3a J<3Hana>Kel'be AOAaTKa Ha ofipaAY
Ka'o 11 KO,l1 CJl060,!lHOr KOBaI-ba npe,l1Bl1lj eHI1 cy W 3a KOBaH>e y Ka-
JlYITYIMa TOJIepaHl.\YIje 3a ,l1WMeH3wje KOBal-rwx ,!IeJlOBa.
T OJlepaHl.\YIje 3a ,l1e6JbI1He KOBaH(.1X ,!IeJTOBa ,!laTe cy ,lI;I1jar paMOM Ha
CJl. 361 Y 3aBYlCHOCTW O,!l HajBefie lll11pWHe b 11 FlajBefie BKC11'He h KOBa-
Hor ,l1eJla. Harrp. 3a b = 180 mm, h = 140 mm j e 3a ,!Ie6JbI'1HY
T,,- 3,2 mm.
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260
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220
200
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Cn. 361 - ,nJ<jarpaM 3a >emanaJKeli>e TOnepaTiJ.\J<ja 3a AefiJbJ<He KOBaHJ<X ,lIenOBa
293
Bpe,llHOCTI1 113 Al1jarpaMa CJT. 361 jecy YKYrme TOJTe-
Tj . 3611p n0311TI1BHl1X 11 HeraTI1BHI1X oTcTynalba. 3a MaJTe AI1-'
MeR3l1j e. fTO'leB 0.1\ 10 X 10 mm (b Xh) M3Roce n03>lTI1BHa O.l\HOCHO Rera-
TMBHa 01'CTynalba ITOJTOB"'HY y KynHe TOJTepaHL\Hje. 0.1\ Te Bpe.l\HOCTI1 pacTe .-
n03111'HBHO oTcTyna1-be paBHoMepHo .1\0 300 X 300 mm, r.l\e 113HOCI1 2/3 0.1\
yKynHe
3a .l\eJTOBe .l\Y>Ke 0.1\ 100 mm .l\o.l\aje ce 3a CBaK>lX cJTe.l\eh>lx 100 mm
jow 0,1 mm Ha YKYfTHy TOJTepaHL\l1jy.
TOJTepaHL\vlje rrpeMa ,1\'I1jarpaMY CJT. 361 O.l\HOCe ce Ha HOpMaJTHe 1'0-
JTepaHL\>lj e, .l\OK cy Ta'lHe TOJTepaHU>lje ynoJTa Malbe.
TOJTepaHL\l1je Ha AY>KJ1HY KOBaHl1X .l\eJIOBa .l\aTe cy .l\uj arpaMoM Ha
CJT. 362 H 1'0 3a HOpMnJTHe TOJTepaHL\l1je, .l\OK cy Ta'lHe TOJTepaHL\>lje
j'IToJTa Mal-be. TOJTepaHJ.\I1j e npeMa .l\l1jarpaM)' CJI. 362 npeTCTaBJbajy
yynHe TOJTepaHl.j l1j e, AOI< cy n03l1T>IBHa. O.l\FrOCHO HcraTJ1BHa oTcTynalba
jeAH3I<B nOJTOBI1J-IT1 yKynru'lx TOJlepaHL\Hja.

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Cn. 362 - JJ;HjaI'pai\! 3a J.13Hanam:el-be 3a KoaaH"IX .n.enOBa
3a wl>tpI1He, YKOJTI1KO ce He rrpeABI1tjaj y TOJTepaHL\l1je,
Ba)I<e l1CTe TOJTepam,l1j e I<nO l1 3a lIe6JbHHe.
3a AYra'lI<e, TaHI<e K'OBBHe .l\eJTOBe rrpe.l\Bl1l)eRe cy H TOJTepaHqHj e
3a I1CKpI1BJbeJ-be. aBe TOJTepaHUYlje .l\aI'e cy Al1jar paMoM Ha eJI. 363. Kao
MepJ'I.no 3a oTcrynarbe MepOAaBHa je CTpemll.\a T, J'ICKpI1BJbeHe Cpe.l\lbe
JTMHl1je. Kpl1Ba I O,!lHOCI1 ce Ha KOBaHe .l\eJIOBe KOj H ce HaKHa.l\HO He o6pa-
Ijyjy 11JIl1 ce o6paljyj y C3MO Ha j eABOM Kpajy, Kpl1Ba II 3a AeJTOBe KOjl1
ce HaiiliaAHO o6pa!)yj y Ha o6a Kpaja, AOK ce Kpl1Ba III OAHOCI1 Ha Ae-
.'JOBe KOjl1 ce HaKHBAHO o6pal)yj y MeCTI1MJ1"<IHO I1JTI1 nOTnYFro.

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Ha I1cTporueHl-rM Ka.nyrurMa l-rJlI1 npl1 Bol)l1I..\aMa MaJba
MO)l{e HaCTyTII1Tl1 Mel)yc06HO 60'lHO nOMepal-be ropl-ber 11 ,!IOl-ber KaJIYIla,
WTO I1Ma 3a nOcJle.!\'I'ILIY HepaBHY nOBpWI1Hy 11 CMal-beIbe ,lIl1MeH3Hja ICD-
aaHor ,!IeJla no OTCTp aIbel-bY OBI1X HepaBHI1Ha.
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3a nonpe'-ll-io nOMepaI-be Ko:I JIyna

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Cn. 365 - ,l(Mj arpaM 3a H3HaJIa>l{el-be TonepaHQJlfJa
3a y3,lO'>KHO nOMepal-be KaJIyna
295
H a ,!I'>IjarpaMY CJI. 364 AaTe cy TOJIepaHl.\l1je T, 3a norrpe'IHO nOMe-
pal-be KaJIyna, npl1 '-IeMY ce Kpl1Ba I OAHOCH Ha HOpMaJIHe, a Kpmla 11
Ha Ta'-lHe TOJIepaHl\Hje. TOJIepaHl\Hje T, 3a Y3A:Y>KHO nOMepal-be KaJIYna
AaTe cy Ha Al1jarpa,,,y CJI . 365, rAe ce I1CTO TaKO Kpl1Ba I OAHOCI1 Ha HOp-
MaJIHe a Kpl1Ba II Ha Ta'-lHe TOJIepaHl.\l1je.
AJIATK 3A HGrHCKKBAILE
AJIaTI1 3a 06pan:y I1CTI1CK"lBal-beM H3JIO>KeHH cy BeJlI1K11l\f Harrpe3a-
I-bI1Ma 360r I-bHXOB11X p eJIaTI1BHO MaJ111X AH:MeH311ja 11 360r BeJ111KOr
oTnopa I1CTI1CKHBal-ba KOjl1 ce jaBJba npl1 XJIaAHoj AecpopMal\Hj"1 npalle-
HOj ojaqal-beM MaTepl1jaJIa.
OCHOBHH eneMCBTH anaTa
IIpl1Hl\l1n I1CTI1CKI1Bal-ba 11 oArOBapajyttl1 TeOpl1CKI1 OAHOCI1 113JIO-
}KeHH cy Bell paHl1je y nOrJIaBJbY ,,06paAa HCTI1CKHBal-beM", npl1 qeMY
cy 611JIe npl11m3aHe pa3JII1'IHTe MeTOAe HCTI1CKHBal-ba y 3aBHCHOCTI1 OA
peJlaTI1BHOr KpeTal-ba H3Mel)y a.naTa H MaTepHjaJIa Kao H y 3aBHCHOCTI1
OA 06mtK3 paAHor npeAMeTa.
Cn. 366 - OCHOBHH CJIeMeHTH
3J1aT3 33 cynp0Tl-IOCMepHO J1CTM-
CKMSal-be
Cn. 367 - OCHOBHH eneMeHTJlJ
aJl3Ta 33 MCTOCMepHO J1CTI1{CKI'I-
B3J-be
Ha CJI. 366 npl1Ka3aHH cy OCHOBHH eJIeMe!-!TH aJIaTa 3a cyrrpOTHO-
cMepHo I1CTI1CKI1Bal-be, rAe je ca J 06eJIe>KeH HCTHCKI1Baq Kao r OpFbI1, no-
KpeTIDl ,Aeo aJIaTa, ca 2 '-Iaypa 3a. HCTI1CKI1BaH>e Kao HenOMWlHJ1 . Aeo
aJIaTa 11 ca 3 1136al\HBaq rroj"l no 3aBpilleHOM XOAY I1CTHCKHBal-ba Bplll11
H36aQI1Balbe rOTOBor paAHor npeAMeTa. CJI. 367 npl1Ka3yje OCHOBHe eJIe-
MeHTe aJIaTa 3a HCTOCMepHO I1C'TI1C KJ1 Bal-be, rAe je ca 1 03HaqeH HCTH-
296
ClUlBaq KaO nOKpeTflM ,/\eo aJIaTa KOjl1 je y OBOM CJI.V'lajy CaCTaBJbeH 0,11
Tpl1 eJIeMeHTa nOBe3aHa 3aBpTI-beM, ca 2 je 06eJIe)KeHa '1aypa 3a I1CTH-
C!UfBafbe Kao ,IIeo aJIaTa a ca 3 J>l36al..(l-1Ba'l.
en. 368 - AJlaT 3a cynpOTHoCMepHO HCTvICKHBaJ-be Kao 4em1Ha
AJIaT 3a cyrrpoTHoCMepHo I1CTI1CKI1BaH>e Kao l..\eJII1Ha npl1Ka3aH je
Ha CJI. 368, r,/\e je ca 1 03Ha'"!eH 1136al..\lffia'"!, ca 2 qaypa 3a I1CTJ>ICKI1BaH>e,
ca 3 1135al..\lffia'"!, ca 4 11 5 rrpcTeHOBI1 KOjMMa je qaypa 3a
rrpl1TernYTa ,/\a 611 MOrJIa ,/\a o,/\roBapajyha onTepehel-ba 6e3 Be-
hl1X eJIaCTWIHJ1.X .l\eq,opMaJ.:(l1ja. OBO npJ>lTe3aJpe Bpurn ce y3 3arpeBal-be
npCTeHOBa ,/\0 OKO 400+ 500
0
C nOCJIe '"!era ce )'Mehe XJIa,/\Ha '"!aypa KQja
no OXJIaljel-bY npCTeHOBa 6MBa npwrerHYTa, TaKO ,/\a ce y '"!aypl1 J>l3a311-
Bajy .HanOHl1 npl1TI1CKa KOjl1 ,/\ejcTByjy HacynpOT HarrOHI1Ma 3aTe3al-ba
M3a3BaHM"X y 'iayp11: rrpl1 pa,/\y I1CTI1CKl1Bal-ba. YMeCTO 3arpeBal-ba npCTe-
HOBa MO)Ke ce BPllll1'I'l1 XJIal)el-be qaype Ha - 80
0
C 11 Ha TOj TeMITepa-
Typ11: l-beHO nOCTaBJbal-be y He3arpejaH npCTeH, 'i11Me ce nOCTIDKe I1CTO
297
):IejcTBo KaO 11 np>l 3arpeBal-bY npCTeHOBa, Ca 6, 7 >I 8 03Ha4eHe cy nJl04e
3a npeHoc c>lJle I1CTMCKI1Bal-ba Ha ):IOH,y, O):lHOCHO ropl-by cTpaHY,
I1PM KOHCTPYKL\Mj>l aJIaT3 3a >lCT>lCK>lBal-be a y L\>lJbY OJlaKllial-ba
pa3IDlBafha MaTepHjaJla, Mopa ce 05paTHTH HapO'l11Ta na>Kfha Ha 05J111K
npHT>lcKyjyhHx 1T0BpwHHa, "l eoHa nOBpW>lHa I1CTMCKI1aa4a 3a CynpOTHO-
cMepHo HCTMCKHBaH>e npeMa CJI. 366 Mopa >lMaTM Harl15 0):1 (1= 5-;.-7" npM
HCT>lcKHBaI-bY 4eJIJ;fI{a >I 1-;.- 2 np" >ICTMClUfBafhY aJlYMMHHjYMa, np>l 4eMY
caM apx Mopa 5>11'H 3a06JbeH, 3a >lCTOCMepHO >lCT>lCRVlBaJ'be Mopa yrao (1,
npeMa aJlaTY Ha CJI, 367, ):Ia >lMa Bpe):lHOCT>I 113Mel)y 25 11 300. OBH yrJloB>I
05e35el)yjy nOBOJbHO pa3,l>1Bafhe MaTepHjaJla y3 HajMafhM OTnop MCTM-
CKI1Bal-ba. ,[(aJba Mepa y 1\I1JbY CMaH>efha ):Ie<j:JopMal.\l10HOr oTnopa cacTojl1
ce y nOBeilaH>y' KBaJlI1TeTa nOBpWMHa eJleMeHaTa aJlaTa 5pywe>beM >I
rJla'la>beM nOCJle TepM>I'IKe 05pa):le, HajBeha ):I03BOJbeHa xpanaBOCT n o-
BpWMHa MCTMCI<I1Ba'la .1 '1aype 113HOCI1 10 MMKpoHa,
Kao MaTepMjaIDl aJlaTa 3a J1CTI1CKMaal-be ynoTpe5Jbaaajy ce JIern-
paH>I aJlaTHM 4eJlVl1\I" KOjH nocJle TepMI141<e 06pa):le "'pe5a ):Ia MMajy TBP-
,!lohy 0):1 61 6 Rc .
.l103BOJbCUC TOJICpaHLl.J!lje aJIaT3 .... paAHor npC)l,MCTa
YKynHe TOJlepaH1\Mje CKJlona aJlaTa Tpe6a ):Ia cy TaKBe ):Ia He npe-
,na3e 10/ " TOJlepaH'-ll1ja o):lroBapajyhl1x TOJlepaH1\.,ja pa1\HOr npe):lMeTa,
TOJlepaH'-lMje pa):lHl1X npe):l""eTa Koje ce Mory nocT>lhl1 np>l 05pa):l11
MCTMCKMaafhe,\1 nponl1cyjy ce caMO 3a npe'fH11K >I eKC1\eHTp WfHOCT aJIVI
He >I 3a ):I.y>K>1HCKY Mepy Koja ce MO>Ke ):IOBeCTI1 Ha Ta4Hy Mepy HaKHa,!l-
HOM 05pa,n:OM pe3aJ-beM,
EKC1\eHTp114HOCT, Tj, nOMepal-be CnOJbfher npe'IH'J1I<a npeMa yHy-
TpaW1-beM, KO):l llfynJbI1X Te,na 113HOCI1 OKO 0,5 ):10 1,2"/0 0):1 HOMHHaJlHe
Mepe cnOJbl-ber npe'Hf>lKa a rpellfKa y OKpyrIDIH>I OKO 0,2 ):10 0,6% 0):1
CnOJbfher , O,!{HOCHO YHYTpaWl-ber npe'lH11Ka,
3a w y nJbe pa,!{He npe):lMe1'e, KO):l KOjl1X je O):lHOC BI1CI1He npeMa
CnOJbfheM ITpe4HJ1KY je):lHaK 11JJ"J1 Mafhl1 0):1 1,2 a ):Ie5Jb>lHa 3"):Ia >l3Mel)y
2 Jo! 15 mm, O):lCTynal-ba 0):1 cnOJbl-ber npe'IHI1Ka, aKO ce OH Kpehe I1CIIO):l
10 na ):10 120 mm, I1Maj y Bpe):lHOCT>I 0):1 0,08 ):10 0,40 a O):lCTynafha
yHy Tpawfher ,npe4HHKa 0):1 10 ):10 0,50 mm, O):lCTynafha ):Ie5Jb'l1He
3"):Ia 3a 05J1aCT ):Ie5Jb>lHa 0):1 >lcnO):l 2 na ):10 15 mm Kpehy ce >l3Mel)y
0,10 ):10 0,20 mm, ):10K O):lCTynal-ba ):Ie5Jbl1He ):IHa cy):la Y 05J1aCTJol
):Ie6Jb>lHa 0):1 >lcnO):l 2 na ):10 40 mm >rnajy Bpe):lHOCT>I H3Mel)y 0,15 ):10
0,5 mm,
YKOJlJ<XO je O):lHOC B>lCI1Ha npeMa npe4H>1KY cy):la je):lHaK '>lJlV! aeh11
0):1 1,2 a ):Ie5Jb>fHa 3>1):1a cy):la H3Mel)y 0,5 11 6 mm, O):lCTynal-ba cnOJbl-ber
npe'IH>lKa 33 05J1aCT npe9.HJ1Ka 0):1 HCnO):l 10 na ):10 140 mm Kpehy ce
113Mel)y 0,1 11 0,4 mm a yHy1'paWJ-ber npe'lHJ1Ka 113Mel)y
0,05 11 0,50 mm. O):lCTy nal-ba ):Ie6Jb>fHe 3M):Ia 3a 05J1aCTM ):Ie6Jb>1Ha
>lcnO):l 0,6 na ):10 6 mm Kpehy ce 113Mel)y 0,05 >I 0,20 mm a 3a ):Ie-
5Jb>fHy ):IHa 3a 05J1aCT ):Ie6Jb>lHa >lcnO):l 2 na ):10 70 mm Kpehy ce M3Mel)y
0,15 ):10 :l:- 0,60 mm,
3a nyHe pa,!{He npe):lMeTe O):lCTynafha npe .... H11Ka 3a 05JIaCT npe'fIDI-
Ka MenO):l 10 na ):10 100 mm Kpehy ce M3Mel)y 0,11 11 0, 22 mm, ):10K I1CKP>fB-
JbeHOCT oce (O):lCTynal-be 0):1 npaBOJl11HI1CKe oce pa,!{Hor npe):lMeTa) 3a
298
A)0KJ1He paAHJ1x npe,!{MeTa OA J1CnOA 100 na AO 1200 mm He CMe npehJ1
BpeAHOCTJ1 OA 0,02 AO 2,0 mm.
rope AaTa oAcTynalha OAHoce ce Ha HOpMaJiaH paA. MeIjYTHM,
HaKHaAHOM 06paAoM Kao IlITO je J13SJla'leH>e, KaJlJ16pJ1palhe J1 CJI ., MOJKe
ce Ta'fHOCT jOIlI nOSehaTJ1, TaKO Aa ce MOry nocTi'lhJ1 J1 TOJlepaHL\I-1je
npeMa IT 8 J1 7 a y J1'3SeCIUIM cJlY'lajeSJ1Ma J1 npeMa IT 6.
Bpoj onepaJ.\J1j a
JeAHOCTaSH'J1jJ1 06J1l1l..\J1 paAHJ1X npeAMeTa Mory ce nocTJ11u1 l<ICTJ1-
CKl-1BaH>eM y j eAHoj onepaL\l<IjJ1. KOA cJloJKeHJ1jl1x paAHJ1X
npeAMeTa nOTpe6Ho je 06PBAY J13BPIlIWI'l1 ca Sl1llle onepBL\J1ja Koje Mory
6J1TJ1 11 pa3J1WUfTe nplfpoAe Kao : cynpoTHocMepHo J1CTJ1CKl-1Balhe, J1CTO-
cMepHo J1CTJ1CKl-1BaH>e, HaKHaAHO np06J1jaH>e J1 CJI . IIpeMa <peJiAMaHY ce
Kao nOAaL\J1 0 SeJlWUfHJ1 AeOpMaL\J1ja Koje ce Mory
nOCTl1tiJ1 np11 j e,l\'Hoj onepaL\l'ljJ1 'Mory Y3eTl1 cJleAelle BpeAHOCTJ1 3a JlO-
rapJ1TaMcKy AeopMaL\J1j y In E npJ1 npoMeHI1 npeceKa (BJ1A11 11 rrOTJlaBJbe
,, 06paAa J1CTJ1CKlrnaH>eM"):
3a J1CTJ1CKHBaH>e In E=51 + 140 %
3a I1CTOCMepHo J1CT11 CKJ1'Ba H>e in =92+300%
rAe AOH>e rpaH'l1l..\e oArosapajy spcTaMa '1eJlJ1Ka BeJll1XOr caAP>Kaja yrJbe-
Hl1Ka J1J1l<1 JlempaHJ1M AOK ropH>e rpaHI1L\e oAroBapajy '1eJlJ1-
L\l1Ma ca HJ1>KJ1M caAP>KajeM yrJbeHI1Ka.
1II3Meljy nojeAl1HI1X onepaW-1ja MO>Ke AOIu1 y 063l<1P J1 TepMJ1'11<a
06paAa YKOJl1-fKO je nJlaCTJ1'1HOCT MaTepl1jaJla 11cL\PneHa. Kao Meljy-
onepaL\J1ja nOTpe6Ha je nOHeKaAa 11 onepaL\l1ja 0ACeL\aH>a l<ICKp3BrIJ1X,
OAHOCHO TaJi aCaC'I'YlX I1B11l.\a IlIynJber Tella.
AJIATH 3A H3BJlA'IEIbE
IIpJ1 J13SJla'!eH>Y JFJ1MOSa, Kao WTO je TO Bell 113J10>KeHO y no-
rJlaBJbY ,, 06paAa J13BJla'leH>eM", MaTepl1jaJl ce Ha Taj Ha'll1l-I Aeop-
MI1IlIe, WTO ce J1CTI1 AeJll1MY1'1HO J1CTe>Ke a AeJll<lMJ1'1HO ca6J1ja a ceM
Tora jow J1 casJ1j a. OsaKBY nJlaCTJ1'fHY AecPopMaL\J1jy, J-rapO'-lJ1TO 3a
Ay6Jbe J13BJla'leH>e, Mory J13AP>KaTJ1 caMO MaTepJ1jaJlJ1 BeJll<lKOr npOL\eH-
TyaJ1HOr w3AY>Kerba, Te ce y Ty CBpxy MaTepwja.n rrpeTXOAHO J1CnJ1Tyje
Ha CnOC06HOCT J13BJla'leH>a.
McnlfTHmUbC MaTCpl1jaJla Ha 113BJIa'lefbe
3a HCnJ1'I'l-1Bal-be MaTepwjaJlB Ha W3SJla'lelbe nocTojJ1 Billlle MeTOAa
OA KOjJ1X je Hajno3Ha'I'wja MeTOAa no Epl<lKCeI-fY (Erichsen). lIICITJ1Tillla-
!-be no OBOj MeTOAl1 BpIlIH ce 3a llJ1MOBe AO 2 mm Ae6JbJ1He anapaToM
y KOjW ce CTaBJba nJlo'la OA JlJ1Ma KOjW ce J1cnJ1Tyje, AMMeH3J1ja 06M'-lHO
90 X 90 mm. OBa nJlo'la CTaBJba ce Ha AOH>l<I npcTeH 1 (CJI. 369) YHY-
TpaWl-ber npe'lHl<lKa 27 mm y3 KOJl1 ce JIl1M npJ1TJ1CKyje nocpeACTBoM
AP>Ka'la JlJ1Ma 2 cnOJbH>er npe'ffi11Ka 55 mm a YI-fYTPallllbeT 33 mm.
IIOWTO j e JlJ1M npwrerHyT, AejcTByje ce Ha J1CTI1 npl1'I'J1CKJ1Ba'leM 3 Ha
'Il1jeM ce AOH>eM Kpajy HaJla3J1 cjajHo nOJll<lpaHa '1eJlJ1'1Ha JlOnTJ1l1a 4
npe'IHwKa 20 mm. PaSHOMepHJ1M OKpeTaH>eM PY'IHOT TO'IKa npoAl1pe
299
JlOnTHl\a Jlar aHO y JlHM fiP3HHOM OA OKO 0,1 mm y ceK)'HAH. Kao Me-
pM.no cnoc05HoCTH 3a 113BJl a .... elbe cJlY>Kl< Ayfi>rna YAy6Jbel-ba YCJleA
npOAHpal-ba JlOnTHl\e Y MaTepHj aJl, MepeHa OA HYJlTor nOJlo>Kaja npWl'>l-
cK>lBa .... a AO nOJlo>l{aja l<ojH oAr oBapa nO'leTKY KHAal-ba JI>lMa. K ao Tpe-
HYTaK KHAal-ba pa'IYHa ce TpeHYTaK oABaj al-ba MaTepHjaJla Ma Ha KOM
en. 369 - TIpeceK anapaTa 3a I1cm'ITJ.1Batbe Ma'l'epHj ana 1-13 H3Bnat.[eFbe
no Ericltsen.-y
MeC'I'Y IIQWTO je YTBpljeHa AYfiHHa YAy5Jbel-ba, nOCMaTpajy ce npOMeHe
HaCTaJle Ha nOBpllIHHM MCmrTaHor MaTepMjaJla. JIHM KOjH je nOrOAaH 3a
113BJla .... el-be, He CMe Aa nOKa3yje BeJI>lKe npOMeHe nocJle M3BJla'lel-ba, AOK
nYKOTIHla Tpe5a Aa 5YAe npCTeHaCTa. lI13rJl eA np05Hor y r JleAa nocJle
I1CnMTH'Bal-ba BHAH ce Ha CJI. 370. IIpe CBaKor HCnHTHBal-ba nOTpe5Ho .j e
Jl OnTHl.\y rrpeMa3aTH TaHK'>fM cJlojeM Ba3eJJJ<Ha Aa 51'1 ce OTKJlOHHO YTH-
l\aj xpanaBOCTH JlMJlla.
Ha CJI. 371 AaT je 113rJleA anapaTa 3a HCIDITHBal-be MaTepHjaJla no
E,ic/;!sen-y. Ca JleBe cTpaHe HaJla3I< ce MaJlO orJleAaJlO Ha KOMe ce MO>Ke
nocMaTpaTH TOK I<3BJla .... elba lWO I< TpeHYTaK KJ<AaJ-ba .
H a AHjarpaMY CJI. 372 AaTe cy ITO E" ichsen- y AyfiHHe YAyfi Jbel-ba
3a pa3He HOpMaJlHe MaTepHj aJle AO 2 mm AOOJb'HHe KOjl1 HaJla3e npH-
~ 3a H3BJla .... el-be, TaKO Aa ce I<CI1HT>fBaI-beM no E"ichsel1- y Aofi'I<jeHe
BpeAHocTM Mory ynopeAHTl1 ca HOpMaJlH>fM 'BpeAHOCTMMa M3 AMjarpaMa
M Ha Taj Ha-.... lIH YCTaHoBMTl1 Aa JIM je HCITMTaH11 MaTep1<jaJl nO'fOAaH 3a
H3BJla .... el-be.
3a JlI1MOBe OA 2+ 6 mm AefiJb>lHe y no'rpefiJbaBa ce 'aJlaT 3a Erich-
sen-OB anapaT APyrnx AHMeH3Hja I< TO nOe'IH1<Ka JlOnTI1l\e 20 mm a
yHyTpallllber npe .... HHKa rrpCTeHa 40 mm.
,nHjarpaM Ha CJI. 373 Aaj e 3a pa3He MaTepHjaJle, AefiJbI<He H3HaA 2
mm, Be,TM'lMHe YAyfiJbel-ba y 3aBHCHOC'n1 OA AefiJblHHe JlHMa.
IIocMaTpajyHH AMjarpaMe Ha CJI. 372 H 373 BIIAII ce Aa ce BeJlH-
'lHHe YAyfiJbel-ba nOBeH<rJ3aj y ca nOBeH'al-beM AefiJbHHe JlHMa, Tj. Aa ce
AefiJbH MaTepHjaJl JlaKWe H3'BJla'fH OA Tal-ber.
300
Pe3YJlTaTl1 I1CrIJ1TI1-
BaFba MaTepKjaJla no
Erichsen- y 3aB14Cli'I1 cy 0'1
BeJfI1'il4He Tpel-ba 143Meljy
JlI1Ma 11 aJlaTa amapaTa a
Ha npBOM MeCTY 0'1 CTe-
neHa not\ 1a311Bal-ba.
J et\Ha 0'1 MeTOt\a KC-
nl1"l'KBBI-ba Iia 113BJlaqe-
I-be, Koja ce liajBKWe rrpI1-
6m'OKaBa CTBapHl1M yCJTO-
BltIMa M3BJIa l.rel-ba, .i e Me-
TOlia cTynl-beBI1TOr 113BJla-
qeI-ba, 0'1 Ii OC Ii 0 MeTOt\a
AEG. OHa ce ca.cToj>I Y
TOMe t\a ce npl1 I1CTOM
npe'fHI1KY d 113BJTaKa'!a
en. 370 - IIpo6RN yrnell nocne
"ICrIIITIIBalba Ha M3BJIa'-l eH:.e no
ETicilsen-y
.J 0 112 Ill( Ili 48 I/J f.2 1,'1 tG IJI 2.D_
.nllHa
en. 371 - M3rnell anapaTa 1a en. 372 - ll Mj arpaM i\Y6>lHa YIIy6Jbelba 3a pa3-
HcnllTl-IBaJ-be MaTepJ.1jana Ha 1r13- He MaTepHjaJIe no Ericnsen- y
BJIat:zetbe no Ericltsen- y
Bpl.l.l1-! 113BJla'!eFbe BI1We yrJlet\a pa3.1IWD1TI1.X rrpe'!HJ1Ka D p3.3Bl1jeHor
JIHMa, npl1 he ce ,q06KjaTl1 pa3JlWl}IT11 O,qROCI1 Di d. HajBeha 1.10-
ryha BeJll1mlHa Tora Ot\Hoca KOjl1 ce jow MO>Ke nocTl1hJ1 6e3 KYl'IaJba
301
JHlMa npeil:CTaBJba MepWJTO 3a cnOC06HOCT W3BJTa'leH>a. Jeil:l-U-fW HeAOCTa-
TaK OBe MeTOAe cy rroBehaHW TPOllIK{)BW npwnpeMe 3a wcnWnfBaH>e.
21
"".
20
IJ
18



V
L
/
i "p..j:Y
l 17
15



Vc#
1'1
I,)
12
2
/

/
J 'I
5 ",111 If
/7tLHtl
eJl. 373 - ,n>Jja"paM l!y6>JHa YlIy6Jbe",a 3a pa3-
He MaTepMj aJle .o; e6Jbl1He 0.0; 2-6 mm no
Eric1tsen-y
06 ..
r
UfIJ.lf aJI8Ta 11 MaTcpl1jaJla
II oae.aa ua paaue onepau,uje. IIpw '113BJla'leH>Y pa)l;HJ1.X npetlMeTa
BehMx Ay6>1Ha He MO)Ke ce KOH3'1aH 06J1J1K A06wTW OA paBHor JIWMa caMO
y jeA:Hoj onepal.\wjw, nOlliTO 6w Ta,l\a HaCTaJlO KW,l\aH>e MaTepwjaJla. IIpYl
W3BJIa'IeH>Y y BI1UJe onepal.\wja BPlID1 ce Ta,l\a Yl3Meljy onepal.\Wja O,l\-
rpeBaH>e MaTepwjaJla.
IIpw rrO,l\eJlJ< Ha onepal.\Wj e Mopa ce BO,l\W'JlW pa'IyHa 0 CJlO)KeHOCTYI
Kpaj H>er 06JTWKa KOjW ce )KeJTW nocT>fllW. YKOJTWKO j e Taj 06J1I1K CJlO)Ke-
HJ<jYl, YTOJTI1KO he 6wI'W nOTpe(iaH Behw 6poj onepal.\wja.
3a O,llperywBaH>e 6poja 011epal.\>fja Tj. 6poja CTyl1H>eBa nocTojw Behw
6poj eMn>fpWIKWX nO,l\aTaKa. 3a pOTal.\WOHa TeJla nOJla3W ce O,l\ KoeqJl1-
I.\wjefITa CTynH>eBa m KOjW je 3a rrpBy onepal.\wjy je,l\HaK
m 100
1 0 '
r,l\e j e dl - npe'IIDlK cy,l\a nocJle rrpBe onepal.\l1je a D - rrpe'IHJ<K pa-
3BwjeHe nJlO'Ie. 3a CBe OCTaJle onepal.\wje Y311:Ma ce ,l\pyrw Koecp>fl.\WjeH'I'
11 TO
m ..
- d
fl
-
J
r,l\e j e d
n
- npe'iHYlK CYAa cJle,l\ehe a d
n
-
,
- npemI>fK cy,l\a npeTXO,l\He
onepBl.\Wje. 3a cnel.\WjaJIaH 'IeJTW'IHJ< JI>fM 3a W3BJla'IeH>e Belurna ayTopa
(Wildner, Kaczmarek, Schuler w ,l\p.) Ha OCHOBY npaKTW'IHI1X wcrrWTW-
BaH>a Y3wMa ml =60 WJlW 56, 3a MeCWHr W 6aKap 60 WJTW 50, 3a aJI}'MW-
HwjYM 60 YlJTW 55 3a l.\WH'K 113Meljy 70 W 75. 3a m2, rrpw W3BJla'IeH>Y ca
302
AP>l{a'.f M .nM"Ma, Y31>1Ma ce 3a cn 1\>I .i a.nari ' l e.nl>lY\ofl>l m1M 3a 1>13a.na'lelbe
Ae6Jb>I He AO 2 mm 85 14JI I>I 80 a npeKO 2 mm 85 I>I.nl>l 83, 3a Mp.CKfir 1>1
6aKap AO 2 111m 85, 80 >IJII1 75 a np KO 2 mm 85, 83 I>I.n>1 75,
3a a.nYM>IH>!jYM AO 2 111111 Ae6Jb>IHe 85 I1JII>I 80 a npeKO 2 mm 85 Mml 83,
aj ej


CJI. 374 - TI oc" ymle one-
npl" Ilf 3BJHPl eH:.,Y
3a qIofHK 9l. 3a M3a.na'.fel-be 6e3 Ap>lCa'l JJ14Ma
j e no HeKI4M aYTopl,rMa I>ICTO Kao 1>1 6 3 ,lij)-
>I{a'.fa M.nl>l ce I<pehe 1>13Meljy 90 M" 93.
H eK>! ayTopYl (MycM"oJI l>f lIP.) Y3wMajy
KOecPM"l.\I1j eJ-IaT m y 38al>lCHOCTJ1 OA npe'.fHI,mS
1>1 TO 3a npay onepSl.\I1jy 3a cae MaTepl>l j a.ne
111, = 56 + 0.02 n,
AOK j e 38 OCTa.neonepal.\l1je
Ill" = 76 + 0,025 d,._,.
ITpI>IMep : 3a J>f3a.na'l efbe oKpyr.Tle nlrlKe
6aKapHe nJIO'Ie npeYH>I Ka 182 111m (CJI. 374 a) ,
p aAH A0611.imba KOHaYHOr 06JII>I1Ka (cn. 374 e)
l'pe6a OiWe,l\I>IT>1 6poj c'lymbeBa. 3a npBy one-
pal.\l1j y y3>I Ma ce rrpeMa ropfbeM,
III, = 100 . 55
o
Te j e npe'I1il'l \( cy,!\a noc.ne npBe onepal.\>Ije
111, . 0 55
d, = ---=
100
182 = 100 mm
100
(CJJ. 374 b). Lly611H8 cy,\a ,!\06>ljeHa je .113 je,!\-
rl aKOCTM nOBpWHHB paaHe n.nO' l e M paAHO'!'
npe,!\MeT" (0 o,!\pelj>IBaIbY 06JnIKa 1>1 nOBpWlrne
nOTpe6Hor M8Tepl>l j a.J1a y 3aSI1CHOCT>[ O,!\ KO-
Ha'lIior 06m1Ka fla,llHOr npe,l\MeTa 61>1l1e rOBopa
Ma.no HI>I)Ke). 3a OCTane onepal\l>1j e Y3eTO .i e,
npeMa ropI'beM,
Te j e
rn" = 100 d,,_ = 75.
d
n
_
,
JIi'I !\'IB
(C.n. 374 ,c). KpajJ-b1>1 06JrJ>l K, KOjl>! j e Y a.l,l\y
Koayca, 3aXTeaa rrpe'flll>!K ,l\Ha O,l\ 51 mm, ,l\OK
6111, MeIjYTl>!M, rrpe.n83 ca ,l\pyre onepal.\l>!je (cn. 374 c) Ha nocneAIbY (c.n.
374 e) ,l\ao KoecP1>fl.\l>!j e\ofaT
111 . = 100 . = 68 < 75.
75
Te ce MOpa YMeTHYT>1 jow j eAHa cmepaQl1ja ca I<oecpl1Ql1jeHToM
III., = 6q , 100= 80,
- 75
AOK j e 3a nOCJl eA>bY onepaQl1jy
100 = 85.
- 50
303
ITpeMa TOMe Hl1j e nOTnYHO I1CI<Opl1urheH Mal<CI1MaJiHO A03BOJl,eHvl I<oe-
cj)HJ.tI1eHT cTymbeB3. Kao WTO he ce 11 Ha APyrt1M npl1'Mepl1Ma BI1AeTl1,
KOHa"laH 06J1I1K A06Hja ce 113 npeTXOA'HO 113BY'leHI1X CTeneHaCTI1 X QI1-
.'fMHAPWIHMX 06J1VfI(a.
ITpeMa Schuler-y ce 6poj cTym-beaa MQ}l(e OApe,!l;VITI1 1'13 AI1jarpa-
Ma Ha CJI. 375. Harrp. 3a A0611j al-be QI1J1I1H,!l;pI1'lHOr CYAa npe'fHl1l(a 100
mm (rrpe"lH11K 113BJlaKa"la) vi BI1CMHe 200 mm (Ay61ofHa 113BJla"le>ba) Tpa-
}l{ 11 ce npeceK XOPl130Hl'aJle Koja oAfoBapa npe"lHI11<y 100 mm ca KpI1-
(J
- - tZperHtLI< il/loye
CJI. 375 - .llt-tiarpaM 33 npel.IHHK3 nnOl.l e H 6poj a crrynl-besu npM
Jl3snal.Iel-bY no SchuLer - y
BOM .!\y611He 113BJla"lel-ba OA 200 mm. B epTI1KaJla 113 OBe npece'IHe Ta"lKe
,l\aje Ha arrCQ"l cHoj OCYl npe'f>rT1I< nJlO"le MaTepl1jaJla o.!\ 300 mm. VIcTa
BepTI1KaJla .!\aje y npeceKy ca rryml M npaBvl1l1 JlVlIDIj aMa no.!\aTKe 3a
noje.!\YlHe cTyrn-beBe. ITpe'IH'IK cy.!\a nocJle rrpBe onepal1l1je j e rrpeMa
.!\11j arpaMY 180 mm, .!\y6l1Ha 80 mm Tj.
304
180
m, = 000 . 100 = 60.
l10cJle APyre onepal.{l1je je 144 mm, Ay611Ha 120 mm Tj .
m.,= _144 . 100=80.
- 180
TIocJle Tpelie j e npe'!HYlK 115 rnm, Ay6l1Ha 170 mm Tj .

- 144
110WTO j e Tpa:>KeHa .,qy611Ha 200 mm, rroTpe6Ha je jow 11 '!eTBpTa
orrepal.{l1j a Koj a HYlj e nOTnyHo I1CKOpl1urlieHa, Te 611 ce KoecPl1l.{I1jeHTI1
t-rymbeBa 3a npeTxoAHe MOfJlI1 He1l1TO nOBelianf.
H a CJI. 376 AO 379 AaTI1 cy npl1Mepl1 nOAeJle Ha paAHe
3a pa3He '06J1J1Ke. l1peMa CJI. 376 A0611ja ce 06J1a KOHTYPa npeKo npaBmc
11 CTeneHaCTI1X KOHTypa. H a CJI. 377 A06Mja ce KOHYI'laiH 06JI11K rrpeKO
CTerr eHaCTe KOHType Koj a 3aTIIM rrpeJla311 y 06.rry 11 TeK npl1 KPajy y
KOHM'IaH 06J1I1K. l1pJ-fMep rrpeMa CJI. 378 rroKa3yje 113B.lIa'!elbe CJlO:>KeHI1-
j er paAHor rrpep;MeTa; crrOJbIl'J1 rrpe'UlMK oCTaje nocJle rrpBe orrepaI.1Mje
HerrpOMelbeH y TOKy cJl eAelivrx HeKOJlI1KO orrepaIJil1j a. 0 Ha'IMHY A0611-
jalba MCnyTI'!eIba KOA rr ocJle,lJ;lbe 611he rOBopa. IIpl1-
Mep rrpeMa CJI. 379 rrOKa'3yje orr eT A0611jalbe 'lWHIl1'IHOr 06Jl111Ka rrpeKo
CTeneHaCTor.
H a OCHOBY CBOjl1X I1Cl1I1TI1Balba p;aj e Bmsch cJle.n;efi e 3aKJbY'!Ke y
norJle.n;y OJTaK1l1aIba 113BJla'!elba:
1) 6poj rroTpet'lHI1X cTynlbeBa nOBeliaBa ca cJro>KeHow liy 06J1I1Ka
>KeJbeHOr paAHor npe.n;MeTa,
2) YKOJlJ1KO, KO.n; cJlo:>KeHl1jl1x 06m1Ka, nocToj l1 CnOJbHJ1 11 yHy-
TapFbI1 .n;eo, K<OPI1CHO j e Kpaj lbl1 06J1I1K no.n;eJIMTI1 Ha ,lJ;Ba AeJla 11 rrpBo
l13pa.n;I1TM YHYTaplb11 a 3aTl1M cnOJbIDI Aeo (CJI. 380) ,
3) HajMaIbH OTnop rrpeMa KJTM3aIby 'npY>Kajy Be{lTHKaJTHe l1 Koce
nOBplIDlHe a HajBellli 06J1e Koj e Tpe6a TeK Ha Kp ajy H3BeCTl1,
4) rrpJ1 cBaKoj OrrepaIJiMjH TPe6a y KaJTyrr YByhH caMO OHOJlI1KO
MaTepHjaJTa KOmtKO TO 06JfHK o.n;roBapaj y fie onepaI.1Mj e 3aXTeBa,
5) rrocJIe,lJ;lby orrepa.u;Mjy Tpe6a M3BeCTH TaKO .n;a ce 1b0Me H3Bo.n;e
CBe 06J1J1He, HaCJIOHH H yrJIOBM, .n;OK CMalbelbe rrpe'IHJ1Ka 3a nocJle.wny
onepal.{l1jy TPe6a Aa 6y.n;e CaMO He3HaTHO .
.n;o ca.n;a je 6HJIO pe'Uf caMO 0 o.n;pe!)I1Balby 6poja cTy rrlbeBa 3a
JlH.H,ZUrn'!Ha TeJla. 'YKOJIHK'O ce Pa.n;11 TeJIMMa .n;pyror 06J1J1Ka, CaCTaBJbe-
Hor o.n; .n;eJIOBa l.{I1JllHH,APH'iHMX M .n;pyrMX 06Jl111Ka, 'p;eJIM ce KOHTypa
Ha rroje,lJ;l1Ha'!He 06JIHKe. Bpoj CTyITlbeBa 3a TeJIO jep;HaK je Ta.n;a
6poj y crynlbeBa 3a HajHenOBOJbHJ>ljM nojewrna'!HM 06JIHK. Hanp. 3a TeJIO
06J1J1Ka npeMa CJI: 381 6poj cryrrlbesa o.n;pe!)yje ce K!ao 3a
TeJlO npeMa npecexy A-A.
OopeljuBa1be 06J1.uKa .M.aTepujaJta. IIoTPe6aH 06JIHK MaTepHjaJIa npe
H3BJIa'!elba He MO:>Ke ce lIOO'IIYHO Ta'!HO Beb -caMO npH6.IDOKHO,
nOIllTO .n;e6JMIHa JlHMa npH H3BJIa'lelbY He oCTaje KOHCTaHTHa, Beb ce y
H3BecHoj MepH CMalbyje. Me!)yTHM, 3a rrpaKCY je npH6JIH:lKHO J>13HaJIa-
:>Kelbe 06mtKa rrOTnytro P;OBOJbHO.
305
3a TaHKe JJJ<MOBe Tj. Ka,lla je rrpe'lHI1K rOTOBOr paAHOr rrpeAMeTa
BeJJl1lOf rrpeMa Ae6JhIDU! nmfa, Kao 11 Ka,lla ,lIe6JhI1Ha 311AOBa pa,l\Hor rrpeA-
MeTa Ha CBI1M MeCTl1Ma TPe6a Aa 6YAe npl16mnKHO I1CTa, o.zqJel}yje ce no-
'1eTFlI1 06mtK nJJO'le 113 YCJJOBa je,llHaKOCTI< nOBplill1Ha JJKMa rrpe 1<3BJJa-
'1el-ba 11 rOTOBor pa,llHOr npe,llMeTa.
en. 376 - rIp""ep no-
~ e J e Ra paARe onepa
Il.l1je npJII W3BJIaQefbY
en. 377 - ITpJotep [10-
)l;ene H3 paAHe onepa-
QHje nplot H3anatteJbY
Cn. 378 - I1pm.tep DO-
.n:ene sa pa,n;He onepa-
l(Mje npH W3Bna'ielbY
en. 379 - IIpHMep nO.llene H.3
paAHe onepal{Hje npJ.1 w3anaQeFbY
3a lj}fJrn.HAPl1'1aH CYA, KOjl< ce cacTojl1 1<3 AHa 11 OMOTa'la, -}laJJa31<
ce rrpe'lH11K nJJO'l e D np116JJJ1}I{HO npeMa
20 MawllHe aJIaTKe
306
11 . D" 11 . d"
---= ---+11' d h,
4 4
r.l\e je d - npe'rHMK a h - BHCHHa CY.l\a Te je npe'iIDlK l1JlO'le
YKOJrMKO je 06JI11'K CJlO>KeHMjM, HaJra3M ce JIOBpl.lIHHa rOTOBor pa.l\-
Hor npe.l\MeTa npMMeHOM rYJI,101HOBOr npaBHJla 3a M3HaJIa>KeFbe JIOBP-
l.lIHHa POTaJ.\HOIDlX TeJla. Ha CJl. 382 npMKa3aH je rpa4JwllOl JIOCTYJIaK 3a
Cn. 380 - I1p"'Mep nOlleJIe Aa
onepaQuje 3a pa.n;HI1 npeAMeT ea
YHYTapl-bJ1.M J.1 cnOJblbl1M ,l(enOM
Cn. 381 - MepollaaaH npeceK 3a ollpel)>I-
Satbe 6poja CTYffibeaa 3a
TeJID
>l3HaJla>Kel-be JIpe'lHHKa pa3BMjeHe JIJro'le 3a POTau;MoHa TeJla. IIOAeJlOM
KOHType pa,u:Hor rrpe.l\MeTU Ha eJleMeHTe rraJla3M ce JIOMoily nJlaHa cl'wa
M BepM>KHOr JIOJllITOHa nOJlO>Kaj Te>KmuHe JlHHMje R je,o:He JIOJlOBHHe KOH-
en, 382, - fpacPH1.1KH nocTymlK 3a J13Hana}Kelbe npeQHI1Ka nnoqe MaTepJlljana 3a
J113BJJaqel-be POT8QJ!lOHJ.1X Tena
rypHe JrHH.I1je. Ta.l\a je JIO rYJl.l\HHOBOM JIpaBMJlY noapwMHa pa3BMjerre
JIJIO'le JIpe'IHMKa D
A = . D" = 2 . r . n: . I
4 s,
r.l\e je. ?s - oTcToja:be Te>KHI.lIHe JI'/1'IDfje O.l\ oce TeJIa a I -
pa3BMJeHa .l\Y>Klffia ]eAHe JIOJIOBKHe KOHTypHe = Je. lib roplbe je.l\Ha-
'IMHe HaJl'a3M ce Tpa>KeIDf npe'lHKK nJIO'le
307

IIpe'lHI1K D MO>Ke ce Haiu1 11 rpacpl1'1K11M nyTeM aKO ce HaqpTa no-
JTyKpyr lIpe'fIDIKa ! + 2 . Ts (BI1",11 ",ecHI1 ",eo CJT. 382). Jif3 rrpaBoyrJTOr TpO-
yma ad C 113JTa311 ",a je (a b) : (b d)=(b d): (b c) 11Jll1 ( b d}"=(a b): (.!:..::.)..:.
IIoWTO je (a b)=! a (b c) = 2' Ts TO je (b d)' = 2 ,s / HJlH (b d) = V2,s /.
Ynopel)yjyiu1 oBaj 113pa3 ca paHl<je Hal)eHI1M
D ,--
2 = Y2,s'
D
>J3JTa311 ",a je BI1CI1Ha (b d) = 2 .
rrpe'lHI1J(a pa3BI1jeHe nJTO'le Ha rope OlTl1CaHI1 Ha'll1H
spllleHO je no", YCJTOBOM je",HaJ(oCTI1 nOBpllll1Ra a no", npeTnOCTaBKOM
",a ce ",e6JbI1Ha JIl1Ma nOCJTe 113BJla'lelba IDIje npOMeHI1JTa. Mel)y:rI1M, KaO
lllTO cy I1ClTl1TJofBalba nOKa3aJla, HaCTaje lIpl1 113BJIa'leFbY 11 J13BeCHO
'cMaFbelbe e6JbJofHe mtMa. aBO CMalbel'be, rrpeMa I1Cnl1Tl1Balbl1Ma MYCI1-
OJI- a, HacTaje caMO TIpl1 npB ] 3BJIa'leFb ,", lIpl1 TaJTl1M
He. 1lpeMa rope Jli3JIO)f{eHOM oApel)i1Ba:iby
npe'lHl1Ka lTJIO'le Mopa nohl1 0", je):(HaI<OCTI1 3anpeMI1He a He nOBpllll1He.
IIolllTO 3arrpeMl1He pa",Hor npe",MeTa 11 nJIO'le Mopajy 6l1TI1 I1CTe, TO je
V = A s = A, . Sm,
r",e je A - nOBpllll1Ha pa3BI1jeHe nJIo'le, AI - nOBpllll1Ha npe",-
MeTa nacJle l13BJIaQetba, S - ,n;e6JbJ1Ha ITJI01.Ie a Sm - Cpe,ll;Fba Ae6JbKHa
J1l1Ma pa,l.\HOr rrpe,l{MeTa nOCJIe 113BJIaQefba. AKO ce 06eJIeJKJ1 O,lJ.HOC = a
S
6l1he A=AI . a.
IIpeMa SeUin- y 3aBl1Cl1 O",HOC (1 0", BeJII1'1J1He nC"Bpllll1He npl1Te-
rHyTe Jll1Ma. IIolllTo ce jemruM 113BJIaJ(a'leM CTaJIHOr npe'lliJ1Ka
113BJla'le nJIO'fe pa3Hl1X npe'IIDIKa Tj. 113BJIa'le CY",OBI1 pa3H11X ",y6l1Ha,
TO he Hanpe3albe y JlI1My paCTI1 ca nOBpllll1HOM npl1TerHYToM ",p>Ka-
'1eM JTl1Ma, a nOBehalbeM Hanpe3aIba CMalbl1iie ce YCJIe", H3"'Y>KeFba 11
cpe",Fba .l\e6JbI1Ha So. JJ>ma- 311):(a 113B)"leHor cy",a a T">'1Me 11 O",HOC a
S
113HaJla>Kelba 3aBI1CHOCTI1 a 0", ",y6l1He 113BJIa"'lelba h 11 npe-
'IHI1Ka 113BJIaJ(a'la dl, ",ecpl1Hl1llle Sellin Cnel.\Hcpwmy nOBpwl1HY As
MaTepl1jaJIa J(ao CyBl1lllHy rrpl1TerHYTY JII1Ma, CBe-
",eHY Ha 1 mm 0611Ma 113BJIaKa'la.
CYBI1lllHa nOBpllll1Ha JlJofMa, Tj. nOBpWI1Ha KOjy 611 Tpe6a.no I1Ceh.11
",a 611 ce 060", Morao 'II1CTI1M casl<ja'beM npeTBOpJofTl1 y OMOTa'l BI1CI1He
D-d,
--2- (Ha CJI. 383 je je.l\aH ",eo cyBl1lllHe 'IlOBpllll1He npJ1Ka3aH wpacpl1-
paHOM nOBpWI1HOM)) , ",06Mhe ce 113 pa3JIl1Ke rrpCTeHaCTe nOBpllll1He Koja
D-d, .
ce nJIaCTl1'IHO .l\ecpopMJoOJ.Ie 11 nOBpWI1He OMOTa'la BI1CI1He --2-' Te ]e
4
20'
d, =.'!...-(D-d,l"
4
S08
AKO ce OBa nOBpllIHHa CBeAe Ha 1 mm 06HMa H3BJIaKa'la, Tj . rro-
,!(eJIH ca 06HMOM H3BJIaKa'la :It d" ,!(06Hhe ce Crrel.\HcpH'IHa nOBpUIHRa As
y 06JJlmy
A
rr (D-d,)" (O-d,)"
$= - --- - = ----- .
4 ;rd, 4d,
EKcnepHMeHTaJIRO HaljeHa 3aBHCHOCT a=j (A, ) rrpeTCTaBJbeHa je
j e,!(Ha'lHHOM npaBe JIHHHje a=m' As + C (CJI . 384) . KOHCTaHTa C Ha-
JIa3H ce 3a As = 0 UITO o,!(roBapa cJlY'Iajy 'UlCTOr caBHjal-ba H3HOCI1
C= 1 H Ta,!(a je n=m' A s + 1. KoecPYfWljeHT rrpaB1la m rrpaBe JIHHHje
HaJIa3H ce eKcneplofMeHTaJIHO Ha onroBY caMO j e,!(Hor I1CrrHT/ofBafba Y3H-
MajyliH Ha Taj Ha'l11H y 063Kp oco61ofHe aJISTa H rrpece.

t1J
Cn. 383. - O,zu>el)HBalbe npHTHcHYTe nOBpwHHe A s
IIocrynaK 3a
POM Ha 1of3'!(yJKelbe
113HaJla}Kel-be cTBapHor rrpe'lHHKa D llJIO'le c 063H-
MaTepHjaJIa 6HO 6H cJIe,lleh/of. IIpBO ce rrpeTnOCTaBJba
1.2
f.f
'd (,0
141
0,8
0,
o
7
r--
-
to
I--
l-
20 j(J
- --1.
i--
-
90
n = 1 11 HaJIa3H llpH6JIH}KaH npe-
'lHHK nJlO'le D' 113 pal-rnje Hal)eHe
je,!(HR'ruHe 3a nJIoqy
0'=yd
,
"+4
Ha OCHOBY .D' HaJIa3H ce
'lHa nOBpllIl1Ha
(0'- d, )"
A,=
4 d,
Cnel\HcpH-
Cn. 384. - .n;HjarpaM 3aBHCHOCTH
CL = f (As) AKO je Koecplofl.\HjeHaT m rr03HaT Ha
OCHOBY HCnHT/ofBalba, MO}Ke ce HahH
n 113 je,llHa'l/ofHe a = m ' A s + 1. KopHroBaHH rrpe'lmrn: nJIO'le D rrpeMa
pamrje HaljeHoj j e,llHa'IHHH A = A"a j e Ta,!(a D=Ya. O' .
OBaKBoM KopeKTypoM MOry ce nOCT.Hh H YWTe,lle Y 'MaTepHjaJIY,
rrOWTO ce ,!(06Hjaj y MaFbH npe'IHl1I.\H naro'la ..
IIpH rrpH6JIH}KHOM pa'lyHalby rrpe'tIDIKa lTJIO'le y3/ofMa ce 06/of'lHo.n = 1.
309
3a paAHe npe,l\MeTC, HejeAHaKe Ae6Jbl1He 3>1AOsa Ha AHy >I OMOTa'IY
(cn. 385), o!{pe!)yj e cc npe'lHlIK nJlO'l e He 113 ycnosa jeAHBKoc-r>l nosp-
I.lI>rHa eell 3anpeM>lHa. K OA TaKSI<X Te.na j e 06>1 'l HO Ae6Jb>lll a nnO'Ie
j eAHaKa Hajeell oj 3l-rAa paAHor npeAMeTB a TO je ,Il;HO CYAa,
nOWTO ce AHO np>l AaJbeM >l3Sna'l el bY He cTalhyje. 3anpeMI<Ha PB3S>I-
jeHe TTJIO'l e j e,ll;HaKa je TaAa, 3aHeMapyj yli>l 3ao6Jbefbe .
v = 0 " s =: . d" . 1+: (d' - d,') . II
rAe j e D - npe'll-l">IK, S Ae6Jbl1Ha nJlo'l e, d - CnOJhl-bll, d. - y Hy-
Taplbl< npe'lH/<K cYAa, t =s - Ae6Jh>IHa ,Il;!la, a h - B>lC>lHa OMOTa'la.
llpl1 oApel)>l ea>bY 06Jll<Ka pa3s>l j eHor MaTepl1j ana 3a
TeJla ceOAI< ce A3T>I 06Jll<K Ha lIeJll<MI1'lHe, 1\>ln>lHIIP>l'lHe '" paBHe o6J1>1-
Ke. llpaBoyr aoHa KYT>lja (cn. 386) np>l I<3Bna'lefbY OA npaBoyr'loHor
JlKMa I<Mall e o6n>lx Kao Ha AOrbeM Aeny CJl>lKe, ca I<3Ay}({eHI-rM IiOWKO-
em'a y CJ.eA ca6>1jafba MaTep>l j aJla 06ene}({eHOr w pacpYPoM, nOWTO ce.
I<3Bna'lelbe SpW>I caMO Fla TI1M i10JUKOSI-rMa, AOK ce Ha AeJl osmm >l3Mel)y.
IbJ1.X BPW>I caMO caB>lj albe. Osaj CYBI<WHI< MaTep>ljaJl np>I nos>ljafbY
cTpaHa KYT>l j e >lMa MoryhHocT CBMO HaS>lWe. Jla 6>1 ce, npeMa
TOMe, Ao6>1na KYTHj a ca np>l 6nH}({HO npasl<M Tpe6a YHanpeA
hOWKOS>lMa pa3B>l j eHor nm'la AaT>I 06Jl >l K KOj >l no nOBpl.llI1H>I (>In >l 3a-
npeM1<H>I) oAroBapa o6=y OAr osapaj yi1er ,lien a rOTose KYTlIj e.
0 6nl-rK pa3sHj eHor Jt>lMa 3a HepOTaU>lOHa Tena MO}({e ce OApeAJ1T>I
Ha OCt"w s y pa3HMx, SMwe Mal-be n pI16JUnKH'J!fX MeTOAa.
Cn. 385. - J'i3BYLfeHw
cy IJ. Hej elJ.HaKe )te6Jbl-II IC' 311"oaa
en. 386. - 0 6JU1K KYTl-tj e nocne
M3ana"l el b3 Olt npaaoyraoHor nmita
JeAHa CTapJ1j a, j eAHocTaBHa MeTOAa AaTa je Ha cn. 387. 3a roTOSY
KyT>lj y I.lII<pl1He 2 a >I AY}({>lHe 2 b I.1PTa ce pB3S>ljeHa nnO'la W"'PI<He
2 a + 2 h a AY}({I<He 2 b + 2 h, rAe je h-SI<CJ1Ha rOTose KyTJ1je (I.1PTaHa
COMO j eAHa 'l eTSpT>lHa). Y npOAY}({eTKY jeAHe >I APyre l1B>lue A06>1ja ce
npeCe'l"Ha Ta'lKa A >13 Koje ce oTT>lcyje JJYK nonynpe'l"HJ1Ka r = h I< APyp>I
Jl yK nonynpe'lIDIKa rl = 2 h. Osaj !{pyr>l JJY1< ce'le KOHTypy rOTOBor
cYAa Y Ta'lKaMa B >I C Koj e TaAa nocraj y Cpe,/l;>lWTa OH>IX JlYKOBa noJJY-
npe'lH>lKa r = h KOj>l ca j e,ll;He CTPaHe npena3e y npaBy KOHTYP"Y J1Bl1UY
n >l Ma a ea !{pyre cTpaHe Y n y K nOJJYnpe'lHI<KB r = h OTT>lCaHor lI3 Ta'lKe
A. Oea MeTOAa j e AocTa jeAHocraBHa aJ/J1 3aAOBOJbaBa caMO 3a MaTepJ1-
310
jaJI .qoope nJIaCTIf'tHOCTI1 11 3a pa.qHe rrpe.qMeTe MaJIOr nOJIyrrpe'lHI'lKa
3a06Jbelba. CJI. 388 .qaje I13rJIe.q l.\eJIOKynHe pa3sI1jeHe nJIo'{e 3a rrpaso-
yl'aOFfy KYTl1jy ca hOlllKoBl1Ma pa3BI1jeHl1M no OBOj MeTO,tlI1.
I R
- -----"1!
r.
.Zn. I
~ I
. ~ "-
I I C
-, -;._ .
~ I
I
I
I
I
eJI. 387. - fIpocTa MeTo,!\a 3a o,!\peJ,H-
eal-be 06JIMKa pa3BMjeHor HepoTaQMoHor
TeJI8
eJI. 388. - 06JIHK pa3s>ljeHe npaso-
yraoHe KYTJ1j e no M e T O ~ 1 1 npeMa CJI . 387
ITo MeTO,tl11 G!ii.ck-a (CJI. 389) hOlliaK KJTi'Ije rrOCMaTpa ce Kao '{e-
TBpTl1Ha '-\11JT/1H,tIpWlHOr cy.qa. Ta,!l a ce oBaj ,-\I1JII1H,tIPI1,{H11 CY,tI pa3sI1ja
11 TPa.lK11 rrpe'IHI1K lbeMY o,tlroBapajylle pa3BI1jeHe nJIO'le npeMa paHl1je
HaljeHoM oopac,-\y
D=V d"+ 4 dh .
vb cpe,qI1111Ta A OBor ,-\I1JJ11H,qpl1,{Hor cy,qa orrl1cyje ce Kpyr rrpe'lHI1Ka
D 11 Ta,qa 011 pa3BI1jeHa KOHTypa o,qroBapaJIa JIl1HI1jl1 FBLMCE (,qecIDl
rOPlb>r ,qeo CJII1Ke). OBaKaB OOJII1K pa3Bl1j C' Hor JII1Ma, ca OIlITpl1M npe-
JIa311Ma, Morao 011 113a3BaTI1 rrYKOTI1He Y JJ11MY, TE' ce OBI1 npeJIa3l1 MO-
pajy y OJIa.lK/1TI1. Jib Ta'laKa B 11 C nOSJIa'{e ce TaHTeHTe Ha KpYI' rrpe-
"U/I1Ka D, rrpl1 '{eMY ce OBe TaHreHTe ceKY Y Ta'll..\l1 Y. Ha cl1MeTpaJIaMa
yrJIOBa ..q:: FBY 11..q:: YCE JIe>Ke CpeAJilllTB J 11 K Koja cy rroAje,qHaKo
y.-\aJbeHa o,q FB, BY 11 YC, CEo Jib OBI1X cpe,qI1.ll..ITa orrl1cyjy ce JIYI..\I1
nOJIYnpe'lHI1Ka r=D KOjvr 'Il1He npeJIa3 o,q rrpaBe J1Bl1I..\e Ka Kpyry rrpe-
,{HI1Ka D .
.IJ;pyra MeTo,qa G!ii.ck- a (CJI. 390) yrrpowheHa je Y O,qHOCy Ha npeT-
XQ,!IHy rro TOMe, IllTO ce 3a06JbeHa I1Bl1I..\a ,!Iool1ja caMO je,qHl1M JIYKOM
nOJIyrrpe'lH'l1Ka r=a+h Onl1CaHI1M 113 cpe,qI1IlITa A Ha oTcTojalbY b - a
O,!l npeceKa oca CMMeTpl1je. OBa MeTO,!la MO)Ke ce ynOTpe611TI1 caMO 3a
b
cy,qOBe KO,!l I.wjl1x je a < h < 2 a H -:s 1,5. 3a KBa,qpaTHI1 06JII1'K 611
a
pa3sI1jeHa nJIo'{a ol1JIa Kpyr.
ITo Kaczmarek-y (CJI . 391 a) ce Kp03 cpe,qJiUllTe A nOSJIa'l11 CI1Me-
TpaJIa rrpasor yrJIa BAJ a 33T/1M CI1MeTpaJIf' I 11 II ,!I06l1jeIDlx yl'JIosa
o.q 450. OBe nOCJIe,ql-be CI1MeTpaJIe ceKY KOHTYPY 1'01'0801' pa,qHor npe,q-
MeTa Y Ta,{KaMa C 11 D Kp03 Koje ce rrOB.7Ta'{e npase rrapaJIeJIHe npBO-
OI1THoj CI1MeTpaJJl1. Ha OBI1M npaBaMB HaJIa3e ce cpeAJ1IllTa E 11 F 113
KOj/1'X ce omrcyjy JI)'KOBI1 nOJIynpe'lHI1Ka l'=AB o.q npase 11Bl1I..\e ,qo
napaJIeJIHI1X rrpaBMx. .IJ;eo vr3Mehy OSl1X rrpaBMx cna ja ce npasOM JII1-
ImjoM (.qeo I). ITpeMa Kaczma7'ek-y ce osa Mel'OAa ynoTpe6JbaBa 3a Jl'J1-
Mose HopMaJIHO onTepefieHe, 3a Koje ce npeABI1.lja 113SJIa'{elbe y Sl1llIe
onepa,-\Mja.
311
AKo ce paAl'! C1<pail.efba 6poja CTylllbeBa ,II0'3S0Jbasa sene Hanpe-
3al-be .m-IMB, rrpenoPY'lyje Kaczmarek cJIe,lleil.y MeTO,llY (CJI. 391 b). Osa
MeTO,lla Y3I>rMa y 06311P 113AY>Kel'be JII>rMa y SeJIM'fI>rHI1 0,1\ y 0,25 h y
3aal1CHOC1'l1 0,1\ peJIaTl1BHOr MaTepMjaJIa. H aHowefbeM Y OA
CJl, 389. - Pa3BI,Jj aI'be howKoa3 npaBoyraoHe
KYTHje no Gliick- y
en. 390. - .llpyra >leTOlla 1a pa-
3B"lj al'be , howKoBa npaaoyraoHe
KYTl1je no GWck- y
a}
bJ
CJJ. 391. - Pa3BHj m'bc BOUlKoa3 npaBo-
yraoHe KYTwje no Kaczmarek- y
en. 392. - Pa3BJ.ljaJ-be hOWKOB3 npaao-
yraOl-le KYTMje no Musiol-y
pa3s11j eHor JII1Ma, ,l\0611il.e ce Y npeceKy ca sepTl1KaJIOM 11 XOPI1-
30HTaJIOM 113 Ta'fKe A rrpeCe'fl-Ie Ta'fKe C 11 H . .uY>K CH ce TaAa AeJII1
Ha 'feTl1pl1 je,llHaKa ,l\eJIa CG= GL=LK=KH. Ha HOpMaJIaMa G M K
Jle>Ke Cpe,llMWTa JIYKOaa rrOJI yrrpe'fliVIKa r= AB. OSl1 JIYKOSM C jeAHe
312
CTpaHe npeJla3e y npaBe MBlti.\e pa3BI1jeHor J1I1Ma, 11 C .ztpyre CTpage y
npaBy GLK.
Musiol TaKOlje Y3MMa Y 063MP M3,l.lY>KeIbC L1'3 Cpe,l.lHlllTa A
(CJI . 392) orrncyje ce KPyr npeerHMKa D KOjM O,l.lTOBapa pa3BMjeHoM ,l.le-
JlI'IMJ1'fHOM l.\J1J1I11i,l\PY nOJly npeYHMKa R. KOH1.1eHTpM'lHO ca om,,-
cyj e ce ,l.lpyrM Kpyr erMjM j e nOJlynpe'IHHK 3a x MalbM O,l.l npBor, rrpM
ereMY x npeTCTaBJb3 cKpailelbe y 3aBMCHbcl'M O,l.l npOL\eHryaJIHOr H3,l.ly-
. 0
>Kelba JlJ1Ma, a ,l.l06J1ja ce MHO}KefbeM nOJlynpe'ffiMKa ca peJlaTMBIDIM
2
I
i a)
I I
i-+--
en: 393. - Pa3BI1jaFbe hOWKOBa npa-
BoyraoHe KYTl1j e no Se!!in- y
nOCJle,l.{fb11 Kpyr nOBJlaYI1 ce TaHreHl'a
no,l.l 45" Koja ce'Ie J1BMn;e pa3Bl1je--
HMX npaBMx cl'pa Ha WMpl1He It - Y
Y Ta'IKaMa J J1 K. lil.3 OBi1X TayaKa
rrOBJl a ere ce rrpaBe no,l.l y r JlOM O,l.l
22,5" (3a cJlyeraj npaBoyr aoHe KYTJ1-
j e) Koj e ceKY oce ol1MeTpMje KyTJ1je
Y Ta'IKaMa E M F. GBe TaYKe rrpeT-
CTaBJbajy CpeA'MWTa OHMX JlYKoBa
no.rryrrpe'IHJ1Ka rJ M ,.", KOj M 'IMHe
n peJla3 M3 TaYKe 'T y npaBe J1Bl1l.\e
JIJ1Ma.
Sellin HaSO,!{M MeTO,l.ly pa3BM-
JlJ1Ma, no KOjOj ce Kao M pa-
HJ1j e pa3BHj aj y paBHe M llHJlJ1H-
.n:pJ1QHe rroBplIDfHe .n:06Mj aj yhM Ha
Taj Ha'IJ1H 'l13J10MJbeHY KOHTYPY
ABCDEF (CJI. 393). !TOWTO j e OBa-
KaB 06JIJ1K Hen OBOJbaH, BpWl1 ce
I
1/
I
I
--. -4-
Cn. 394. - 6na>KaBaFbe npena3a Ha
nowKoBHMa pa3BHj eHor IDlMa
no Se!!in- y
y 6JIa}l{aBalbe npeJla3a. Y6J1a}l{aBalbe ce BPWJ1 YlJIJ1 nOMohy KpY}l{HOr
JIYKa (CJI. 393 a) CJlJ1'IHO CJI. 390, J1JIH nOMohy npaBe (CJI. 393 b). li1 y
je,!{HOM J1 y .ItPy roM cJl Y'Iaj y Mopa rrOBpWYIHa IDooa OCTaTYI HerrpoMe-
lbeHa Tj. 0,l.lY3eTe nospl1IJ1He I Mopajy 6HTM je,l.lHaKe ,l.lO,l.laTHM II. 3a
cJl)"'Iaj ,l.la j e nOJIynpe'lHHK 3a06JbeH>a J1BYIlla K'YTHj e MaJll1 a THMe MaJIJ1
H rrpe'IHHK D owoBapajyhe pa3BHjeHe rrJloye, Mopa ce ca 60'IHHX cTpa-
Ha o,l.lyJlafaT'l1 'Ma-repHjaJI KOjYl ce Ha hOTIlKy ,l.lo,l.laje. Pa.n:M Tora cecrrajajy
313
TaqKe A H B (c.,. 39-1) " napa., e.'Ho TOj npaBoj nOB.,a'lll npaBa A' B' "
TO TaKO ,J.a WpacpllpaHe nOBpaJ1IHe I " 11. "ole ce OolS311. l ajy, 6yolY jeol-
HaKe wpacpllpaHoj nOBpWlIHlI II I Koja ce ,J.oolaje.
Rool )lel'O-'le p33Blljaa.a ""'a npe. a c.,. 387 3!'2 .mje Y3eTO y
06311p pa3BlIjalhe ,J.Ofbe ImHI<e 3a06."belha. Bell je C)laTpaHO ,aa je Ta
aa;ma OUlTpa. :\Ie!jYTlnt. npl! Ta'lR.lfje'l pa3B:tjaFb\' nOTpeOHO je " TO
Y3eT)! Y 00311P Kao Ha Co'. 393, npl1 'Ie"., ce pa3Blljalhe ,J.Ol-Ler 3306,"belha
s
:\1O>Ke P3qYH3T;. no cpe,J.lhe)! no:rynpe<mlfKy 3306."be'b3 r", = r, 2"
r.le je r, - yHyTpallllbll no."1)TIpe'lHlfK 3a06."bema. 3 S ,J.eO."bI1H3 :m't3.
Ool rope H3:IO>KeHMX pa3Blfj3Fb3 HepoTaIDlOHlIX Te,,3.
TOole npe"3 c . 387 " 389 a H3PO'l1l1'O Co,. 390 npeTCTaB."b3jy
. '3Ibe T3qRe .leTO.le 33 Op30 113Ha.'ruKea.e 06.'I1K3. )'IRoro Ta'Uutje cy
npe'13 c.-I. 391. 392. noUITO y:m:\l3jy y 063l1p H3.:\)'}Kelhe
).leTo,J.e npe't3 C:I. 393 II 394 '31.r..13jy npH P33Bllj3lbY .' 063Hp 330o."be-
the II BlfI<a. nrro je 33He. [3peHO -KO,:J, paHlIjfl.-x 'leTi).l3: Yl3.J.YEelhe :nn[a
ce Y31nta y 003Mp pa'l YHaFbe" pa3BHjeRe K?Y>KHe n.,o'le na hOWKO&l nla
no paa::lje HaljeHoM oopacu}' D = (cr. D' .
K OBcrp yKIluj a a. 'TaTa
)lp:rco,<u ,lU.W, Rao Il1TQ je Beh 113...:l>KeRO y nor .laB:")' .,06pa,:J,3
113B.'3'1eIbeM". y BelulIil1 Co"1)"l3jesa ce K3B:!a'lefbe Bpurn nocpe.lCTBO'
.lp>K3'l3 :unta. Me!jynDL 33 H3B.'3'lea.e .le6."ble< :rn:.JOBa, O,J.HOCHO
n. 'O'la. MO}Ke ce 'lea.e 113Becnr K 6e3 ;J.p:.Ka'la. 06.. 'TKK TaKBOr up-
CTeH3 33 113s..la'le.!be 11313 06:IHK rrpe= Co . 395, KOjl1 CM3lby:je TeH.lea-
UJ<jy :unt3 33 H360pa.
ROp:\l3..'IHKX ,J.p1Ka'la :I>I-
'13 ca paBHml nOBpunmoM aa.,eraa.a,
KOj l! ce a3po'll11'O ynOTpeO."baaajy
3a h'3B...a'lJbe porauHOHHX Te...3,
ce H .3:p}Ka'lH ca Ta..'T3Ca- aJ
nOBpunrnoM (CoL 396). OaaK3B
Ha'lJfil nplQP>Kaaaa.a .'DCd3 aapo'lK-
TO je KOPHCTa."I 3a HlB . a'leEbe He-
c."i . 395. - ilpc.-reB 3a :0-
B.'1a"'Ie.fbe 0e3 .':Uo.I3
c."l. 396. - Ta."Iacacr;, ;u>macnt .iluta
3a opecY ..IBOC'TPyxor ;:1ejCTBa. aJ ca
;IDa, b) ca je;I:BJnJ 73...13COll
poTauKomfx Te.la, r,:J,e ce npl1 113B..a'lea.y ra paaBJru ;J.p)Ka'le.1
haro>rn..'3B3Ib3- 3a:IeO.D<Ub3 Ha hOillKOBIOI3 He 011 ..... ,0
314
,lIOBOJbHO rrpwre3atbe Ha ocraJrnM npaBHM ,!IeJlOBI'fMa nJlO'ie. MeljyrKM.
)laBaFbeM TaJlaCaCTOr OfiJlHKa nOBpLUHHl1 HaJlerafua, ,!I06Hhe ce K y TOM
CJlY'laJjy 60Jbe npI1.!1"p>KaBalbe W H3BJla'i efue 6e3 crBapalha Ha60pa a rrpH
CHJIH ;l;p>Ka'la JlHMa. YKomrKO je,!laH OJlyK He 3a,!lOBOJbaBa. MOry
ce nOCTaBWTW W ,!IBa.
Ilpl'lJI:p>KaBafue ca oJTyl{""'1a HaJla3W HapO'fHTy npwMeHy rrpK H3-
BJla'ieH>Y Belu1x ,!IeJlOBa Kapocepl1ja aYToM06wJla (6J1aT06paHa, BpaTa W
.rtp.) . BH,!IH 1'[ CJl. 174 ,!IPO 6 .
JlWMa KOHW'fHor 06JlWKa HaJla3e rrpHMeHy npH W3BJla'leFbY
y BHllIe OnepaI.\Hja. Pa,!lHV( npe,l:l"MeT (CJl . 397), je y rrpeTXO,!lHoj one-
pal{WjH ,!I06HO I.\HJlHH,!IpH'IaH 06m1K ca KOHYCH.I1M npeJla30M y .!\HO, npw-
,!Ip>KaBa ce rrpw ,!IaJboj onepal.\wjw KOH,YCHHM ,!Ip>Ka'i eM JIHMa.
Ha CJl. 398 rrpl1Ka3aHH cy aJlaTH 3a noj e,l:\"HHe onepal{Wje W3BJla-
'leFba Ha rrpecw .!\BOCTPYKor ,!IejcTBa, rrpl1 'leM)' .n;p>Ka'lH 3a ,!Ipyry
11 Tpehy orrepal{l1j y HMajy KOHYCHY nOBpun'fHY HaJleraFba.
AJlaT Ha CJI. 398 U O,!lrOBapa rrpBoj orrepal.\l1j11- H3BJla'ieFbY rrJlO'le.
IlJlo'ia ce craBJba Ha npCTeH 3a 113BJla'iefue 2 Ha KOMe npcreH 3 cJl Y}!{W
3a l.\eHTpl1pafue nJlO'i e. IlOlllTO je ,!Ip)f{a'l JlHMa 4 rrpl1Terao MaTepwjaJl,
Bpllll1 1,(3BJlaKa"l 1 W3BJla'leFbe. J13-
B.,aKa'i 1 rrpH'iBpurheH je 3a npH-
T11CKHBa'i npece, a .!I"p>Ka'l JlI1Ma 3a
3a nOKpeTalbe .rtp}!{a"la Ha
npecw ,!IBocrpYKor ,!IejcTBa. AJlaTw
Ha CJI . 398 b 11 C O,!lrOBapajy ,!Ipy roj
O,!lHOCHO TpehOj npl1
'!eMY KOHYCHe nOBplllHHe ,!Ip}!{a'ia
JlI'!Ma oJlaKlllaBajy npeJla3 W3 je,!lHe
.Y ,!Ipyry onepal.\wjY
Y3uCT01tn o tt3BJI,a'Le1b e . Iloro,!l-
HOM KOHTCpYKl{I1jOM npece ,!IBOCTpy-
Kor ,!IejcTBa Mory ce npw jC,!IHOM
eJ1. 397. - A.lJaT 3a 113BJlaqetbe ca
KOHYCHHM J'lHi\la Ja npecy
ABOCTpYltOr ,ItejcTsa
OJ
p
en. 398. - AJIaTJII '3a U1BJIa"lelbe ca KO-
HYCHHM JIHMa 3a nocneAfbe
IIBe onepal.l>rje
X0.!IY yJacrolUlo npoIDBecrw W ,!IBe onepal.lwje I13BJla'leFha. AJIaTI1 3a
1'aKBO W3BJl a"leFbe npHKa3alU( cy Ha CJI. 399. J13BJl aKa'l 1 06yxBaheH je
315
npCTe>rO" 2 rrp" '1elY y rrpBoj orrepaul1j 11 113BJla'lel-ba 1I3BJlaKa'l 1 3a-
jeilHO ca rrpCTeHml 2 lUle Kao rrpournpeH.( I13BJlaXa'l HaHlVKe, .:10K je
JI'", rrplt,1W>KaH ,:rp>Ka'le)1 J\11Ma 4. ITocJle 113Bec>ror ileJla xOAa, Ka.:la je
ilOCTilrHYTa O.:lpeljeHa il.. 6HHa ntn-pe6Ha 3a rrpBy orrepaIDIj .
(CJI. 399 b) HaCJlalba ce rrpcreH 2 Ha oAr oBapajyhy KOCI1HY rrpCTeHa 3a
113B.ija'lelhe 3, ilOK 113BJlaKa'l 1 ca", 1I3BJla'lel-be Koje o.:xro-
Bapa .:\P "[oj orrepaU>!jl1 (CJI . 399 c).
b/
c.,. 399. - A.laTH 3a y3acToDHO iOB.la"le1:be
OBaKBO)( KOHCTpyKIDfj O:-.t a aTa 3a Y3aCTorrHo H3B:la'lelbe Ha rrpe-
ca:-.ta il.BOCTpYKor l1ejCTBa rrOCTl>QKe ce YUlTella y Bpe>leny.
TIpeca "opa 1\a JoDla oilroBapajyty KOHCTpVKUHjy K01\ Koje je np-
creE! 2 3a ;:38.,aKa'l rrpl1'i!!pruheH ITpeKO onpyre.
KOil rrpeca rrpoCTOr 1\ejCTBa, KO..:\ KOjJ{X je ypeljaj 3a .:xplKal-be =(a
yrpaljea y CTO rrpece, 06H'lB0 je 1<3B.!laKa'I 1 - Ha (c..l . 400),
;:;OK je rrpc-reH 3a I<3B:ta'IeFbe 2 y ropFbe>l AMy II rrpK'IBpur5eH 3a rrpH-
THCK3rBa'I rrpece. 'up>Ka'I .JI>nra 3 TaKolje je ca ..:\Olhe c-rpa:He, rrpH 'IeM)'
ce npHTHCaK Ha .:qnKaq npeHOCJ1 npeKo lillillKK 4 [Jo)!ohy ja-
CTyKa (11.-rn ca orrpyro)(, Ba3.:1.)"X0)1 11."II1 Te'lBoumy). Ha C-l. 400 nper-
CTaB:beao je CTeITeHacro 113B.>la'leJf,e Kao rrp;mpe)ta 3a .:I06l1jal-be Ko-
nyc..'!or 06.T1!Ka Ko..:\ a.laTa 3a npece ;:J;BOCTpYKor ..:\ejCT3a Jol33.1aKa'I je
no":peTaH 3aje.:rn0 ca rrpKTHCKlfBa'IeM rrpece a HCTO 1"2KO je nO;q>eTaH
J< .:\p>Kaq .1JDla KOj" .:I06l1ja CBOj norOH ca J1CTor 3paTH..la rrpece KaO >I
rrplrT>(C!rnBa'-L IIpcreR 3a 1I3B.laqeJf,e je HenOKpeTaH H Raia3H ce Ha
rrpece (B>I.;m c..l. 396 11 397). A.laTH 3a rrpecy TpOCTpYKOr .:xejCTBa
IDfajy jOIII je.:laH .:IOlbll lOB.laKa'I "'OjH BPiID! H3B.la'IeFbe je,:r:'1or .:xe.la
,IUMa Kj)E"Ta.Ebe.1 0..:\03:l0 HaBHIIIe (3H;m l1 c..l. 174).
Y.JaCTOImO ;f'3B.."IaQeEbe y je.J;Ho:M x o;:ry ce j!3BecTH Ra Ape-
Ca>Ia rrpoCTOr .:IejCTBa a ca alaTICda rrpKKa3aH1O! Ha c..l. 401. Y13alaKa'I
je CaCTaB.."beH O:l Tpll rrpc-reHa 1 3 l: ueHTpalHor ,:re.la 4, -,,<OK rrpc-reH
5 c..1YJKll KaO .:\plKa'I :nrua rrp" nO'leTI<J' 113alaqelha (c..l. 401 a). CaalOl
rrpcreH je HaB;fllle OrrpYTO).. IIpH KpeTafu)" rrpl1THClOIBa'lB
npece ca 6 - 3B - HaJr-GKe. 3P:UI, :tpBO
5 y.-mry .:l:pncaqa _nOla . .:IOK OCTa:rn: rn>CTeHOBH ;.trpay .. "' .. lory l!3-
B.laKa'ta. ITp'" .:\B.."h:J KperaFbY rrpm;'CKl:Ba.'la. jeAaH no je.:xaR rrpc.-:-eR
(;u:yliH o.:x cnG-blD;rx Ka noc-raje ,:!plKa'I .1J.1a (C.l. 401 b).
OBO" KOHCTpYKIIl!jO>: ce YUlTelj)ie pa.:xH0 3pe"e. a-m ce >maR oaaj aa-
'Urn pclje npl!:Me.Ebyje 360r c..l0lKeRQCT;{ KOHCTp:,-.<:II.je PI Hera7">finrnx
oc06<raa .:xp>Ka'Ia .1J1C fa ca orrpyro 1.
316
.D:pym: Ha'!11H Y3aCTOITHOr H3BJla BPWI1 ce Ha cnelVljaJlHl1M
ayTOMaTC10lM CJI. 199. Kao MaTep]'lja.ll ce
ynoTpe6JbaBa JlI1MeHa TpaKa a a.naT je H3BeAeH ca BI1We 113BJlaKa'la no-
peljaHI1X npeMa peAocJleAY onepaul1ja. IIpH jeAHoM XOAY CBaKH 113BJla-
Ka'l BPWH H3BJla<rel'be no HeKoj I.1;pyroj OnepaL\HjH 11 npe cJleAehel' XOAa
ce TpaKa nOM epa 3a jeAal-I KOpal( a.naTa, TaKO Aa je MeCTO H3BJla'lel-ba
I onepallMje nOMepeHo Ka aJlaTY II onepaL\l'lje, MeCTO Ha MaTepl1ja.rry
rl.1;e je y npeTXO,l\HOM XO,l\y H3BpweHa II
onepaL\l1ja a npe J-bera I orreoal.\l1ja, no-
Mepa ce Ka aJlaTY III onepaI.lHje I1T,l\. (CJI.
402) TaKO ,l\a ce npl1 CBaKOM xOl.1;y O,l\ce-
l.\al-beM nOCJleAtbl1M aJlaTOM, KOjH je H3Be-
,l\eH y BI1I.l;y rrpocel(a'la, O,l\Baja O,l\ TpaKe
2 rOTOB pal.1;HH ITpe,l\MeT. eJl. 402 npl1Ka3yje
npl1'Mep 113BJla'fNba <laype ca noje,l\J1H11M
onepaL\l1jaMa 01.1; I 1.1;0 VI. OnepaL\l1j e O,l\
I AO IV npeACTaBJbajy caMO onepal.\l1je
H3BJla'fel-ba, ,l\OK ce y V BPWI1 11 npoce-
l.\al-be rOptber AHa, npl1 aJlaT VI
rrpeACTaBJba ITpOCeKa'l 3a O,l\Bajal-be rOTO-
Bor pal.1;HOr npe,l\MeTa. OBaj Ha'!HH 113BJla-
'1eJ-ba oWOBapa MeTOA11 MaCO'BHe np0l13-
BOI.1;J-be ,l\eJlOBa H3BJla 'fel-beM.
pa(htu.T npeo.M.e'l'a. IIpH
KOHCTPyK1(HjH aJlaTa 3a H3BJla'!el-be Tpe6a
06paTHTH na2KI-bY H Ha MoryMlOCT Jl aKOr
Baljel-ba pa,l\HJofX npel.1;MeTa H3 aJlaTa, OA-
HOCHO Cnpe'fI1TI1 nOBJla'leJ-be pa,l\HOr npe,l\-
MeTa 3aj e,l\HO ca Jof3BJlaKa'!eM npl1 I-bero-
BOM nOBpaTHOM XO,l\y. .D:a 611 ce OJlaK-
UlaJlO Jofcna,l\al-be pal.1;IDlX npel.l;MeTa (c.n:.
403), M02Ke ce rrpe,l\BJof,l\eTJof CTeneHaCT npe-
Jla3 Ha KOMe ce rrpH Bpahal-by 113BJlaKa'!a
Jof3BY'feKH pa,l\Hl1 npel.l;MeT YCJlel.1;
'!Hor WHpel-ba 3a,l\p2KaBa Jof nal.1;a HaHl1:2Ke
(CJI. 403 a H b). OBaKaB Haqr-rH CKJofAal-ba
en. 400. - An aT 3a rrpecy npo- paAHOr rrpe,l\MeTa ecpr-rKaCaH je caMO 38
CTor )lejcTBa . .li:p>Ka'J mlMa ca e.n:aCTYr'fHe MaTepMjaJle (y rJl aBHOM 'fe.n:WK) ,
rYMOM
,l\OK ce 3a Mal-be eJlaCTr-r'lHe CK11,l\al-be
Jlal(O nOCTr-r2Ke He3HaTHOM KOHYCHowfiy
H3BJlaKa'la (CJI. 403 c), npl1 '1eMY ce 113BJlaKa'f Tap;a 6p30 o,llBaja OA
paAHor npe,l\MeTa y3 I1cToBpeMeHo npoAHpal-be Ba3,l\yxa. OBa He3HaTHa
KOHYCHOCT 'l13BJlaKa'fa 06Jof'fHO He YTWle Ha 2KeJbeH'l1 06J111K pal.1;HOr
npel.1;MeTa.
YKOJrr-rKO ce Jof36al.\l1Ba!be BPWM nOMoliy H36al.\l1Ba'fa 1 (CJI. 404),
HacTahe npl1 CTaJlHOM npe'fHHKY npcTeHa 3a Jof3BJ1a'fel-be 113BeCHO KO-
'!el-be pa,l\HOl' npel.l;MeTa (CJI. 404 a). OJl aKWaHO 1136aL\r-rBal-be nOCTl1fiJ1 fie
ce Ha Haqr-rH npl1l<a3aH Ha CJI. 404 b, r,l\e ce Ta'!aH npe'!KHK npcTeHa 3a
Jof3BJla'!el-be npOTe2Ke caMO 'Ha ,l\eo O,l\ 10+ 15 mm, ,l\OK je OCTaJlI1 ,l\eo
npOWl1peH 3a 0,1 + 0,2 mm ca CBaKe CTpaHe.
J13paoa ucnyn<te1ba. Ji13pa,l\a npourr-rpel-ba-l1cnYIT'iel-ba I13BJla'fel-beM
M02Ke ce nOCTl1fiM Ha BI1We Ha'lJofHa.
317
b)
eJJ. 401. - AnaT 33 Y3aCTom-IO H3BJlil'tel-be ria npeClJ n pOCTor ]lejcTBa

eJJ. 402. - Y38CTODHO J.t3BJ18"tefbe H3 i\IHOrocTynHoj npeell
CJJ. 403. - KOHCTPYKTHBRe Mepe 38 OJl3KWatbe I'lCn3A3a.8 pa,l:tHJot......
318
3a 113pa,ll'Y cy,l\a rrpeMa CJI. 405 yno'l'pe6JbaBa ce BJ-Il11e,l\eJIHI1 KaJIYn
CaC'l'aBJbeH O,l\ cerMeHa'l'a 1 rrOBe3aHl1X onpyroM 4. IJ;I1JII1H,l\PWfHO 113BY-
'IeH:l1 cy,l\ C'l'a!BJba ce Ha nOC'l'OJbe 3 a y cy,l\ YMehy CeI'MeHTI1 ca npeTxO,l\HO
yMe1'n:yTI1M KOHYCHHM ,l\eJIOM 2 KOjl1 ce rrOCTaBJba y CBOj HajBI1I.Irn' no-
JIo}Kaj. ,n:ej cTBoM npl1'l'l1CKI1Baqa npece Ha KOHYCI-I11 ,l\eo 2, nO'l'l1nl y he
oBaj ,l\eo CerMeH'l'e 60qHO I1cnynqeH>E'.
OJ bJ
en. 404. - IIpollHlpel-be npCTeHa 3a Yi3BJIaQel-be pa,u:J1 OJIaKWal-ba 1116a-
Il;l1Balba paAHor npe,l(MeTa
,n:py rl1, BPJIO je,l\HOCTaBaH HaqWH, je CTBapaH>e I1crryn'leH>a nOMoh y
ryMe (CJI. 406). IJ;I1JII1H,l\pl1qaH pa,llH11 npe,l\MeT - cy,l\ - craBJba ce y
,l\BO,l\eJrHI1 KaJIYIJ. 'Y cy,l\ ce 3aTI1M YMehe rYMa l.\I1JI11H,l\pJ-I'-IHOr 06JII1Ka
ca npeqHl1KOM l.\11Jl'J1H,l\pWIHOr cy,l\a. ,n:ejcTBoM l.\l1JIWH,l\pJ;I'IHOr npl1TI1CKI1-
Baqa, ryMa h e ce npOllll1pl1'l'I1 11 I1cnylI'lI1TI1 pa)l:ID1 rrpe,l\MeT npeMa
06JII1:KY w y nJbI1He KaJIyna. H a oBaj 'Ha'lMH MO}Ke ce 11:3pa,l\l1:TI1 '11 l1cny rr-
'lelbe npl1: ,l\Hy p a,l\H'or npe,l\MeTa npeMa 'CJI. 378. 'YKOJII1:KO je npe'lHl1K
l.\I1:JIHH,l\pWIHOr cy,l\a BeJII1KI1: , He Mopa ce l.\eJIa w y rrJbl1Ha I1:cnYHM'l'11 r y -
MOM, Beh CaMQ je,l\aH npcreHaCTI1 !leo (CJI. 407), ,l\OK je 1\eHTpaJfHI1 ,l\eo
O,l\ TBp,l\Or MaTepl1:jaJIa. KaJIyn y OBOM cJIY'laj y Mopa 611TI1 ,l\BO,l\eJIaH.
MecTo ca ryMOM Mary ce I1crryn'lelba 113Pa.,L\I1:'I1J1 11: Xq,J,lIPoCTaTWfKl1M
,l\ejcTBoM nOMohy BO,l\e. 'Y ,l\BO,l\e.mil1 KaJIYn 1 (CJI. 408), ql1:ja wynJbl1Ha
O,llrOBapa }KeJbeHOM 06JI11KY p a,l\Hor npe,l\MeTa, CTaBJba ce l.\I1:JII1R,l\pl1:'IHl1:
cy,l\ 2 KOjl1: ce nYHI1: BO,l\OM. 'Y ropH>11: ,l\eo l.\l1JI11H,l\pWfHOr cY,l\a CTaBJba
ce KJIl1n 3 cHa6,l\eBeH 3anTl1BaqeM 4 a Ha KJII1n npMTI1CKMBa-
'leM npece. KJIl1:rr YJIa3ehM y cy,l\ rrpeKo TeqHOCTI1 BpI.Irn' I1:cnynqeH>e
JII1:Ma. IIpcTeHacTI1: ,l\eo 5 CJIY}K11 3a npl1,l\pR<;aBaH>e 3anTI1Ba'la Ka'o 11 3a
np11:TI1:CKI1:Balhe cY',l\a. Pa,l\11: OJIaKlllaH>a q,J3JIa'CKa K.ID1Ila 11:3 cy,l\a
CJIy:lK'11: BeHTI1JI ca JIOnTI1l.\OM 6, KOj 'l1: je npl1: pa,l\HOM XO,l\y 3aTBopeH a
npM rroBpaTHoM oTBopeH. 'YKOJII1KO .ie, 360r BeJIl1Ke I1:crryn'leHOCTJ;f a
MaJIOr rpJIa, lHe,l\OBOJbaH je,l\a'H XO!l, MO}Ke ce 113BJIa'leH>e 06aBI1TI1 y BI1:111e
XO,l\OBa y3 ,l\OJJl1Bal-he BO,l\e nOCJIe CBaKor XO,l\a.
,aUJIten 3UOnUCa?-be e.n.e.AtenaTa a.n.aTa. Ha ,n:06poTy M3BJIa'lelba y Be-
JIMKOj Mepl1: yTI1'le nOJIynpe'lHl1K 3a06Jbelba p 11:BI11\e rrpcTeHa 3a 11:3BJIa-
qeH>e. CYBI1111e MaJII1 nOJIy npe'lHI1l.\11: 11:3a311:Bajy BeJIl1Ka 11:3,l\y*el-ha ' l1
Hanpe3alba y JIMMY, ,l\OK j e np11: BeJIl1KMM nOJIy npe'lHl1:l.\l1Ma BpeMe npl1:-
AP}KaBalba JII1Ma Kpahe. ,n:l1:jarpaM Ha CJI . 409 ,l\aje rrpeMa Kaczmm'ek - y

1Lo"""" ..... ..... 4:.4.i!.L ..... .u:.4. ..... en. 407. - l13pa,q3 Jilcnyn'"le"bB J!l3Bna-
en. 405. - ltl3pa,qa Mcrryn"[e l-b8 H3BJl a1.l e l -beM
nOMohy cerMeHaTa Jol KOHyca
CJI. 406. - M3paJ\a JoIcnynqe'M
H3SnaQeJbeM nop-why rYMe
"Iel-beM nOMohy rYMe npCTeH8CTor
06JH1K8
CJI. 408. - M3paJ\a JoIcnYH'le,,,.
J.13BJJa1.JeJ'beM n OMohy BOAe
320
HajnoSOJbH1<j e nOJl ynpe'rHKe 3a06JbeH>a y 3aSlfCF!OC'111 OA D-d Tj . pa-
3.lTl1Ke rrpe'fH1<Ka nJlO'fe 11 rrpe'lHlIKa 113SJlaKa'la KaO 11 01.\ Ae6JbWHe
Jll11I{a.
I!J
18
17
16
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1'1
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12
II
10
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I
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5
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tri
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80 go II I/O 1.'0 130 1'10
SO
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en. 409. - ,l(J1jarpaM 3a H3HaJla)l(etbe nOJIynpe'-fHl1Ka 3ao6JheH.a Ha MSI1ll:J!l npCTeHa
38 f1('3BJIat.{eJ-be
IIoJTyrrpe<rHYrK 3a06Jbel-ba 113SJlaKa<l a y Mal-boj Mepl1 yTl1'le Ha Ha-
rrpe3aFbe JTl1Ma aJll1 ImaK Tpe6a J136erasa'111 Olll'l'pe l1SI1l.\e. lJ:06pe pe3y JT-
TaTe Aaje nOJIYnpe'rHl1K KOjl1 je s eli.11 OA nOJTynpe'l)Hl1Ka 3a06Jbel-ba
I1BI1J.<e npcTeHa 3a 3 -;- 5 nyora.
3a30p 113Mel)y 113SJlaKa<la 11 npcTeHa 3a 113SJTa'fel-be n pl1 AOSOJbF!oj
CI1.JI'l1 AP>Ka'fa JlJ1Ma He JTl1'1e Ha CTsapalhe Ha60pa. Osaj 3a30p Mopa ce
OAPe,1\'lfTlf rrpeMa HOMl1F!aJTHoj AeOJbl1Hl1 .JlJ1Ma Y3J1Maj yli.11 11 Y Oti3lfP TO-
.lJepaHl.\l1j e y Ae6Jbl1Hl1 JIlfMosa. Kao AOAaTaK 3a 3a30p Y3YlMa ce nOJlo-
SMRa OA n0311'111SHOr oTcTy nal'ba 3a "Ae6Jbl-lH)' KOA oKpyrJTl1X paAHl1X
npeAMeTa O}:\ rJlaTKlfX TpaKa. 3a HepOTal.\l'lOHa TeJI a Y311Ma
ce J(ao seJIl1'lJ1IHa 3a30pa Ha 1I0111KOBI1Ma HOMWHaJIHa ,!\e6JbI1Ha JliJ1Ma
Slfllle 1,25 CTpyKO n0311Tl1'BHo OTCTy nal-be 3a AOJ( j e 3a OCTaJIa
MeCTa 3a30p j eAHaK HOMl1HaJIHoj }:\e6JbI1Hl1 Jll1Ma. 'Y :ra6JI. 12 AaTa cy
A03S0JbeHa oTCTynalha 3a Ae6JblfHe JTl1MOSa OA 0,1 8 -;- 2,75 mm HOMl1-
F!aJT'He .qe6JblfHe.
IlpeMa EJIepy 11 Kaj3ePy (Oehle?' - Kaise?' ) Tpe6a 3a30p OApeAl1'!1l1
.y 3aSlfCHOCTl1 O}:\ Ae6Jbl1He JTlfMa s Ha OCHOSY CJIeAehlfX 06pa3al.1a:
3a qeJIWfIDI JIlfM s+0,07 1( 105
3a a.JIYMl'lHl1jYMcKlf JIWM s+ 0,02 {IOS
3a OCTaJIe MeTaJIHe JIl1MOse s + 0,04 JfTOS
321
K ao MaTepHj aJI aJIaTa 3a >l3SJIa'tel'be MO>Ke ce 3a H3pa):lY Mal-ber
6poja ):IeJl.osa Y3eTH JI>fBeHO r SO>Klje >1 3a npCTeR 1< 3a ):Ip>Ka't JI HMa. 3 a
1!3pa):lY seher 6poj a ):IeJIosa a Hapo,-[lrTO aKO je JlI<M Hej e):lRaKe ):Ie6Jbl1He,
Y3>rMa ce aJIaTIDt 't em<K wm< ce ):IOl-ba nOSpJJ.l11Ra ):I p>Ka'ta JI.>rMa Kao H
r opFba nospWWHa npCTeHa 0):1 JlI<BeHor
rSO>Kt;a 06JI a>KY KaJbeHHM nJl O't aMa 0):1
3JIaTHor LJ: eJUf}ca.
H3BJUl'IelbC npHTHCIUlnaJbeM
3a 1'13SJla'te}be Mal-ber 6poj a pa):l-
H It1 X npe,l:(MeTa ) Ka,ll,a ce He J1C'flJTaTW
Ha6aSKa npece 1-1 W3pa):la aJI aTa 3a 1'13-
BJIa1.ferbe) y noTpe6Jbasa ce MeTOp;a 113-
BJIa qet ba n pJ1TllfCK lrl Barbel\'f. HOpMaJfHa
MaW-Jlf H8 3a M3BJIa qeJ-be npYl TJ.1CKl1Ba-
, beM HaJlI<K je ,Ha cTpyr caMO npocTl<lj e
KOHCTPYKl.\I'fj e, 6e3 HOCa'l a aJtaTa seh
caMO ca HaCJ10HOM 3 a aJIaT. 3a r JIaBHO
speTeHO MaWYl He npl1l.t spUIfi yj e ce Ka-
JIyn 1 ( CJl . 410) (061<1'-IH0 0):1 :IIpSeTa).
PasHa nJIO'l a IDfMa ,2 np>1Te>Ke ce CTe-
3a
L
l eM 3 y3 '1eORY nospwI<I HY KaJfy na.
I1PHTwCKHSal-beM JI>1Ma y 3 06pTH>1 ):Ip-
SeHI<I KaJIyn nOMohy HapO'flITOr 3a06-
JbeHor anaTa 4 KOjW ce HaCJIalba Ha
RaCJlOH 5, npl<Jby6Jbyje ce Jl}1M y3
):IpseIDt KaJIy n, rrp>1 'teMY ce MaTepI<I-
j aJl ,!IeJlOM ca6wj a a ):IeJlOM I<CTe>Ke. J(a
61<1 ce cnpe'l>1Jlo CTSapal-be Ha6opa, no-
):IYIDIPe ce nOHeKa):l MaTepHjaJl ca YHY-
Tap}be CTpa'He APYD>lM aJlaTOM 6. Pa,1Iw
CMaFbe}ba Tpel-ba H3Mel)y IDfMa H aJIa-
Ta, rroAMa3yje ce JI>!M TaHK!HM CJloje.,."
MaCTH I1JlW Jloja. ..lJ;pseHl1 Kamyn ce
06W'iHO rrpe yrrOTpe6e 06paljyj e rrpH-
Tn6Jl. 12 - n03U lJbCII C TOnepalluHje
3n !lC6.IJ.> HHC Jl HMoua
---
H OWItHanll a I il03BOJbCli e Tone
1 ___ llc6.'hHII C
1,18 .. 0,02
0,2 .. 0.D2
0,22 _+. 0,02
0,24 ,. 0.02
0,28 .. 0.02
0,32 .. 0.02
0,38 .. 0.03
0,44 .. 0,03
0,5 .. 0,04
0.56 .. 0,04
0,63 .. 0,05
I
0,75 .. 0,06
0,88 . 0,06
I .. 0,07
1,1 3 .. 0,08
I
1, 25 .. 0,09
I
1.38 .. 0,10
1,5 .. 0,11
1,75 0,12
2 .. 0,13
2,2S .. 0,14
2,S .. O,IS
2,75 7_ O, I S
TI1CKHSalbeM (npWFHcKHsalbe nOBpwHHe ApseHor Ka.rryna aJIaTYfMa 3a
rrpHTHCKHsatbe) ):Ia 61< ce rrosehaJla Tsp):loha ):IpBeTa.
I
J(e<popMHcaFbe MaTepHjaJla Ha rope onwcaIDl Ha'fHH 3aXTeBa CHa-
n<:HO rrpHTHcKHsaFbe aJlaTa y3 mfM. OJlaKWalbe y TOM rrorJle,lly rrpY>Ka
KOHCTpy Kl.\wja Roca'ta aJIal/'a npeMa CJl. 411, KO):l Koje je HaCJlOH 3a aJlaT
3a11,e}beR KPY>KHOM rrJIO'lOM 1 ca pynaMa 3a npl1qSpWI'll<Bal-be aJlaTa.
I1Jlo'la je eKCl.\eHTpWfHo 06pTHa OKO TaqKe A, Te ce OKpeTal-beM rrJloqe
npeKo py't>fl.\e 2 Kao H y noTpe60M aJlaTa ca TO'lJGd;eM y MHorOMe OJlaK-
wasa pa):l. I1pe'lH.>IK TO'lKHha OfiW-!RO H3HOCH 1/ 10 0):1 rrpe'fHl1l<a pa):lHOr
npeA",eTa.
3a cY>KeHe rrpE!'):IMeTe, KOj H ce He Mory CJlofio):I'HO CKI1HYTH ca Ka-
Jfyrra, Mopa ce xaJl y n H3BeCTW Kao BHWeAeJlaH (CJl. 412), rrpH qeMY ce
):IeJIOSH sa):le pe):lOM npeMa 03Ha'leH>1M 6pojesKlIIa, nOiliTO ce rrpeTxoA"'o
KO"HyCHl1 ):leo.
21 MalllwHe anaTKe
322
]if 3a J>13BJlaQeJobe rrl:nlTl1cKl1BalheM BaJKI1 y nOrJle.l\Y nO.l\eJle Ha
KCTO lliTO 11 3a Ha npecl1 Tj. CJlOlKeHl1jH npe.l\Me-
TI1 Mopajy ce pa.l\I1TJ>1 ca Bl1llIe Kanyna . .D:l1jarpaM Ha CJJ. 413 .l\aje Haj-
en. 410. - Y.1. 3Bna"tetbe npJ1TJiIClU1BaJ-be M
J
eJI. 411. - 06PTHW Rocat.I aJIaTa 3a npl1TJrfCKI1BaJ-be
en. 412. - K anyn 3a lIt3BJIaqelbe cY>KeH.J4.x )l,eJIOBa
Behe .l\Y6illIe 113BJlaQeJoba 11 O.l\I'OBapajyi;.e rrpe'IHI1Ke Y 3aBJ>1CHOCTI1 0.1\
.l\e6JbKHe JJl1Ma a Koje ce MOry rrOCTJ>1fiJ1 rrpl1 je.l\HOj onepaqJ1jl1 npHTJ1-
323
CKI1BalbeM. I1YHe JrMHl1je Ha J\l1jarpaMY OJ\HOCC ce 1l a MeK 'leJTI1K a I1 cnpe-
KJ.1,ltaHe Ha MeCJlfHr,
Mawl11'la 3a 113Bna'le}be MO>Ke ce y nOTpe6l1Tl1
>I 3a 113paJ\Y I1cnyn'lel-ba (cn. 414) . Ha r Jl aBHO BpeTeHo y Kanyn I CTaB-
Jba ce l.{11JTl1HJ\PI1'l 8H cYJ\ 2 KOj" C np>lTe>Ke cr 3a'l eM 3 npeKO IIll1nJ<e
4. TO'!KI1" 5 Ha Hoca'!y 6 YBna'll1 ce Y CYJ\ 11 npl1 OKP TalbY pa,!{Hor npeJ\-
MeTa BPW" npI1TI1CK"Bal-be IDfMa y 3 cnOJbHI1 Cpa30Hl1paHl1 BaJbaK 7 Ha
HOCa'l Y 8. M aw>!Ha TaJ\a '-pe6a J\ a "'Ma Hoca'! aJl aTa ca Y3J\Y>KHI1M Kpe-
TalbeM. Mcra onepal.{l1ja MO>Ke ce 113BeCT>! 11 Ha G'Tpyry.
en. 413. - .nHjarpaM 3a0J1CHOCTH Hajnehc
OA Ae6JbHHC nl1Ma npH npi1THCKHllal'bY
Mcra Mal.l1l1Ha cny>K11 11 3a OTCeL\al-be I1BI1L\e J<3BY'leHOr cYJ\a, J\a
611 ce OTKJlOHI1Jla HepaBHoMepHocr I1BI1L\e ycne.!\ 113Bna'le'ba. Y Kanyn
1 (cn. 415) YMeTHY" je paJ\HI1 npeJ\MeT 2 npl1TerHyT CTe3a'JeM 3. Y .YHy-
Tpaw}bOCT cy,!{a YBna'll1 ce jeJ\aH Kpy>KHI1 HO)K 4 3a OTCeL\a}be, J\OK je
J\pyrl1 KPY>KHI1 HO>K 5 ca CnOJbHe cTpaHe. Hoca'i HO>Ka 5 je eKCL\eH-
TPI1'!HO nocraBJbeH, TaKO J\a ce OKpeTa}beM py'll1L\e 6 HO>K 5 np>rMl1'!e
I1nl1 OJ\MI1'le 0.11 pa,!{Hor npe,!{MeTa.
I1PI1TI1CKI1B8}beM Mory ce Ha 113BY'leJ.UrM paJ\HI1M npeJ\MeTl1Ma 113-
paJ\I1TI1 11 3aBojHl1"L\e. Ha Kanyn 1 (CJI. 416) Ha rJlaBHOM BpeTeHY, no-
C1'aBJba ce wyTIJbe Teno 2 npeTXoJ\HO >t3BY'JeHo Ha J\pyroM Kanyny np>t-
T>tCK>tBalbeM. I1pe'fH>tK KaJTyTIa 1 1'pe6a J\a 6YJ\e 3a OKO 0,25 mm MaiM"
0.11 YHYTpaW}ber npe'lHI1Ka 1'ena 2. Ha Kanyny I je 3aBojH>1L\a 06"'IHO
jeJ\HoXO,!{Ha, J(OK je npe'l>rl1K TO'lKa 3 3a npI1TI1CKl1"B8I'be 0611'1110 2 -;- 3
nyTa Be"l1 0.11 oJ\roBapajyller npe'I>rI1Ka KaJlyna YBellaHor 3a ,l1,BOC'rpyKy
J\e6Jbl1HY nl1Ma, Te 3aBojHI1L\a TO'lKa 3 TaJ\a Mopa 6111'11 J\BO- O,!{HOCHO
TpOXOJ\Ha. 3601' Tora Mopa Ha MaUfl1HI1 J\a ce nOJ\eCI1 npeHOC TaKO, J\a je
6poj 06p'ra KaJTyna 1 2-;.-3 nyTa Belll1 0.11 6poja 06p'ra TO'IKa 3.
M3rneA cTpyra 3a npl<TI<CKI<Ba}be J\aT je Ha CII. 417. OBaj CTPyr je
06a'1He KOHCTpYKl.{I<je ca HacnOHOM 3a anaT aJTI< 6e3 nOKpeTHOr Hoca'!a
anaTa.
21'
324
2
--------
en. 414. - Ji1"3paJl.a l1cnynyeJ-ba l-Ia MaWWIIH 3a np"ITJlCKHBaf be
325
eJl. 417. - CTpyr 3a npHTI1CKl1S31-he "Edwards Ltd": BI1CI1H3 W.HJbK3 OKO 310 mm,
6POjCBH 06PT3 rJI 3 SFlOr speTeH3 250 -;- 1000 Y MIIH.
OpunpCM:UbC MaTeplljaJl8
nOO,lta:nwa1be. I1pollec ce y 3HaTHo.i Mep., OJlaKWaBa
Jl111I108a, 'f>[Me ce CMal'byj e "3Met)y JlHMa I< ,l\p-
>KaYa JllIMa, OAHOCHO npCTeHa KaO 11 OKO I1BI1l1e npCTeHa 38
3a JIaKe pa,l\OBe JlUMOBa OA MeCU'Hra, 6aKpa II MeKOr
u.eJIUKa ynoTpe6JbaBa ce K80 Ma31<BO pemf'IUHO yJbe. 3a TeillKe pa,l\OBe
O,l\ MeCU.Hfa U 6aKpa, nOJla U nOJla penU'YU'Hor YJba, ,l(OK ce 38
TeWl<e paAOBe ca MeKWM yeJlHKOM ynoTpe6JbaBa rywl\>1 cJloj penl1YJ<Hor
YJba I< OJlOBHOr 6eJIlIJla. 3a HCTY CBpXy c.rr Y}l<1< 11 Q1<.1l11'H,!\apCKO YJbe uJI}!
cJloj ca rpacjmTOM. 3a aJlYMI1HI1.iYMa MO>Ke ce ynoTpe6l<rn
3eJlJ1R I<JlH eMYJl3uja 60pOBor YJba ca BO,l\OM y pa3Mepl< 1:3.
ca rope Ha3Ha'lem<M Cpe,l\CTBaMa He 3a,l\OBOJbaBa Y
CBaM cJl y YajeBU'Ma 113BJlayeFba 11 TO HapOY}lTO KO,l\ YeJIlIYHor JlaMa.
Ta,l\a ce nOCTH>Ke Ha Taj HaYlIH, WTO ce JlI<M npeBJla-
'I>' je,l\HI1M MeTaJlOM yajl1 je Koecj:Jl1l1HjeHaT npeMa '1eJII<Ky MaFbI1
Hero 3a yeJlllK no YeJllolKY, Kao Hanp. 6aKapHa npeBJlaKa ,l\06l1jeHa yTa-
narneM Jll11I,a y paCTBop 6aKpa CYJlcj:JaTa. EOJbe pe3YJlTaTe ,l\a.iy npeBJla-
Ke nYTeM raJIBaHlI3aQ1<je. Haj60Jbe pe3YJITaTe y TOM norJIe,l\y npy>Ka
Tj. JlaMa TaHKU'M cJlojeM fB03,l\eHOr cj:Joc-
cj:JaTa. r B03,l\eHI1 cj:Joccj:JaT caM no ce611 a ceM Tora YCJIe,l\
cBoje Kanl1J1apHOC1'H 60Jbe 3a,l\p>KaBa Ma3HBO.
OO'tpeBa1be. ,lJ;a 611 ce npl1 Y Bawe onepal.\l1ja MaTe-
p>l.iaJIY npe CJIeAeile onepaQl1je nOBpaTI1J1a nJlacTU'YHocT, 'nOTpe6Ho j e
MaTepI<jaJIa, T eMnepaType 0ArpeBaa,a 3aBl1Ce OA BpcTe Ma-
Tepl1jaJIa. I10WTO ce npl< Ha nOBpWI<HI< MaTepl1jaJIa cTBapa
TaHaK CJIoj 113rOpeJIOr ,,'aTepl1jaJIa, TO ce I1c;'11 Mopa OTKJIOHl<TI< Y}lwl\e-
nOMohy KJ<ceJlU'Ha. Sellin Aaje nO,l\aTKe 3a TeMneparype O,l\rpeBaFba
y 3aBl1CHOCTI< O,l\ MaTepl1jaJla 3a 1<3BJIayeFbe, OBI< nO,l\al.\11 ,!{arn cy y
Ta6JI . 13.
326
AJIYMKHJ1jYM 11 ce OArpeBajy CaMO Ha Kpajy lI3BJIa'leH>a a
He 113Mel)y
O.l{rpeBalbe AO 600
0
BPWI1 ce AKPeK'l:Ho y nehl1, .l{OK npeKo 600
0
a HapO'lll1'O npeKo 900
0
Mopa ce oArpeBaH>e Bplill1TI1 CBMO 3pa'leH>eM 11
1'0 CTanJbaH>CM pa.l{HOr npeAMeTa Y
Tn6n. 13 - TCMnepHYpc OArpeDa".. HapO'f11TI'l 3aTBOpeHI1 pe3epBoap.
I
Marcplfjana npn nSIIltll4CthY
MOT e p"l ,n
IfHKen
OaKap
MeCHll r
TCMnep.TYpo _ \
500 -;- 900
650
550 -;- 600
250 -;- 300
l
anY"H""lYM
IICnHK 560 -;- 700
nH'_' _-'--__ I_I_5_0_-;- _ 1_17_0_-'
AJlATR 3A CABRJAlbE
AJIaTii 3a cBBl1jaH>e y noTpe-
6JbaBajy ce 3a caBl1jaH>e Malbl1X
Ae.noBa Ha npecl1. Y OBOM norJl anJbY
611'he pe'lM 0 OHJ1M aJlaTI1Ma KO,A
KOjl1X ce pa.l{HJ1 npe.l{MeT 06paljyje
caMO CaB}! j aH>eM 6e3 npo-
I1T,A. . ,AOK he 0 nOCJlC,AI'bl1M
6111'11 pe'll1 KO,A KOM6}!HOBaHMx aJiaTa.
caB}!jal-ba, YXOmfKO HlIje
KoM6I1HOBaHa ca HeROM APyroM 0611'1HO ,AOJla3M nocJle npo-
I1Jlli 113BJIa'ICH>a .
.nOK je 3a npOCT}!je caBl1'jaH>a 0611"!H0 ,AOBOJbHa j e,AHa
j e,Q}! Ha onepaW'lja, Mopajy ce CJlO}KeHl1j}! 113BeCT}! y Bl1llIe one-
Y npBOM CJfyqajy ce aJlaT}! 3a caBl1jarbe 113BO,Ae ca j e,AHJ;IM npl1-
T}!CKl1'Ba'leM, ,AOK y ',ApyroM ca BI1'We.
AJIaT}! ea jC,AHlIM np}!TIICI(}lOU'ICM
OTBopenu lJtaTU. Je,AaH O,A HajrrpoCTl1'jl1x aJiaTa 3a ,A0611'jaFbc KpaT-
KlIX yraOHJ1Ka caol1'jaH>eM ,AaT je Ha CJl. 418. YAY6JbeH>e Ha AOI-beM AeJfY
aJiaTa npoTe>l{e ce no W}!PMHI1, YCJleA '1era ce OOaKOI1 aJlaT}! 11
Ha311Bajy O'I'BOpeHMM. AJiaT Ha CJI. 419 cJrY}K11 3a canl1jaI-be pa3HoKpa-
KI1X yraoHl1'Ka. 360r HeCl1MeTp}!'lHOCTI1 06Jf}1Ka OBor aJiaTa MO}Ke HaCTa-
TI1 11'30eCHO 60'.HO nOMepaI-be MaTepl1'jaJla 11 3aTO je 3a OBaKBe cJly'la-
jeBe, Kao WTO he ce OI1AeTI1 MaJlO KaCHJ1je, npenopyqJb}!BO npll,Ap}Ka-
BaH>e JlI1'MB..
ITPI1 caol1jaH>Y ,Ay6Jb}!x npotPl1J1a CMaI-byje ce TpeI-be Ha
KaJIyna nOCTaBJbaH>eM TO'l101ha (CJI. 420) . .na 611 ce npM TOMC cnpe'lliJlO
KJJl13afbe JfI1'Ma napaJl eJTHO OCl1 TO'lKllha, }!3paljyjy ce Ha 06MMHKM no-
BpWl1HaMa YClrn )KJbe60BI1.
ITpl1'Mep caol1jaI-ba y ,ABe ca ABa aJIaTa ,AaT je Ha CJI . 421.
.na 6M cc 113pa.l{l1J1a orpIDll.\a (CJI. 421 c) A06Mja ce y npBOj
(CJl . 421 a) O,A npaBor JfI1'Ma TaJiaCaCTI1 06JII1K ca Aoe nOJrYTKe. EO'lHO
JlMMa Cnpe'laBa ce nOCTaOJbaFbeM HenOM}!'fHOr
W}fJbKa Ha cpe,Al1H}1 pa,Q}! npll,Ap}KaBaI-ba Jf}IMa. 3a APYry (CJI.
421 b) ynOTpe6JbaBa ce ropI-b}! Aeo aJiaTa OaJbKaCTOr 06J1I1Ka ca npe'lHJ1-
KOM paOH}!M yHyTpaWI-bCM npe'fHJ1KY rOTOBe Y OBOj
CJlY)KI1 3a npl1,Ap}KaBaI-be Jf}IMa nOKpeTIDI WI1JbaK KOj}! nonyw'ra np}!
KpeTaI-bY npl1TI1CKl1'Ba'la HaH}!}Ke.
YKOJlI1KO je, npl1 Ay6JbeM caBl1'j arbY, O'I'e}KaHO CaBI1-
j eHI1x paAHI1X npeAMeTa, Mopa ce npeABI1AeTI1 Ha CJI. 422 a
en. 418. - OTBOpeHIl
3naT 33 CaBJ.ljatbe
yraOHJ.fKa
327
m
en. 419. _ . OTBopeHJ.I anaT 13 eaBujalbe pa3HOKpaKlIX
yraOHJ.lKa

__ .... ___

bJ
en. 420. - An3T 3a e3Bl1j3fbe ea TOq-
KlIhl1.Ma P3Ali eM3fbeEba Tpelba
en. 421. - JiI3paAa C3BHj3fbeM
Y ABe ooepaU:Hje
328
,lIaT j e aJl aT 3a ,lIo6J>!jal-be LJ rrpOcj:lHJla CaSjalheM 6e3 350r
eJlaCTWrHOCT MaTepMj aJla HacTaj e Ta,lla Tpel-be M3Met)y JnlMa M aJlaTa.
eJl. 422 b npeTCTaSJba 3a pa,l\Hor npe,llMeTa
nOMohy orrpy r e. M36au;s3<1 ca ,lIy)!{OM orrpyr oM ,lIaT je Ha CJl. 423, f,lle
j e onpy r a CMeWTeHa CTOJla npece Hq I1CTI1 Ha'lI1H Kao onpyra
3a ,lIp)!{a'l JfI1Ma npl1 113BJl a'lel-bY
Cn. 422. - AnaT 3a CaBl1ja...,e '(1) 6e3
b) ca
Cn. 423. - ca onpyroM
3a casl1jaif>e ,lIeJlosa ca OWTpMM yrJlosl1Ma MO)!{e ce 113-
seCTM aJlaTOM npeMa CJf. 424 f,lle cy rrpl1Ka3aHe noj e,llMHe
cpa3e casj aif>a. Yce'lerrn saJbql1 spllIe Ta.l\a OllITpO casMjalhe KpaKosa.
en. 424. - Cnel.(t1jaJJaH aJIa'l' 3a caBJll j afbe nOA OWTPJ.1.M yrJIOM
IIpecasl1jalhe ,lIeJlosa npeMa CJl. 424 Kao 11 3a CJlM'lHe ,lIeJlose MO}!{e
ce 113BeCTl1 11 ca aJlaTOM nOMofiy r yMe (CJI. 425). IIpeTxo,l\Ho no,ll rrpaSI1M
ymoM casMj eID! JfMM rrpeca'BJ>!ja ce ,lIaJbe nOMoliy ryMeHOf jac'ry'Ka KOjl1
no,ll rrpl1TI1CKOM npMTI1CKl1.Ba'la casllja cJlo6o,l\He CTpaHe JfMMa.
32
l1BIIl.\e cY,!IOsa. ,!I0611SeHe yKpyhyjy ce 0611'o1HO Ha l'a]
Ha'IlIH. WTO ce OWTpa IlSIIl.\a Kpy>KHO 3asl1ja. TaAa ce ynoTpe6.'basa
aJiaT ca YAy6.'bE'lbe. ! "ojll non npHTI1CKOM HSIILIY
(CJI. 426 a-d) . .na 6H ce rrpasH.nHo 3aslljaJ-be HBI1l.\e ce IICTa
npeTXOAHO '13.'0 npOWllpllTI1 (c., . 4260). OBO npoillHpelhe MO>Ke ce
113BeCT1! rrpHJJI!KOM nOCJleAlhe onepall11je 113-
BJla'-leJ-ba. UeJIOKyITHJ1 H3rJleA aJIaTa 3a 3aSH-
jaJbe HSI1l.\e AaT je Ha CJI. 427. PaAlnt rrpeA-
MeT 1 nOCTaSJbeH je Ha npCTeH 3 ,!10K npH-
1'I1CKJ1Ba'! ca 2 SpWl1 3aBl1jaJ'be
llBI1J.\e y3 npl1TIICKI'!Sal'be rrpCTeHa 3 HaHH>Ke.
AKo ce pa,!l.I,! ja'!er YKpyl'ielha rrpen-
sHlja .VMeTalbe >KHl.\e 11BI11.\.Y, ynoTpe6Jba-
sa ce a.lIaT npe,m CJI. 428. ITpeTxoAHo ca-
Bl1jeHa >K1Il.\a 1 CTaSJba ce Ha npcreH 3
06asl!jajyl'iI'1 je OKO cYAa 2. TaAa ce npl1
CHJlacKY npI1TJo!CKHSa'ola 4 liBHJ.\a cYAa 06a-
Bllja OKO >K11l.\e npllTl1cKyjy!;;! rrpCTeH 3
HaHH>Ke.
Y aJiaTe 3a casl1jalhe cnallajy TaKolje c.,. 425. _ ITpecaBlljaJbe
11 aJIaTI1 3a :\1aI-be J1CnpaBJbal-be miMosa on- om.tOhy rYMe
HOCHO lIeJlosa npHJlJo!KOM
OTCel.\aJba HJI.H npoceJ.\alha. Osaj aJiaT (CJI. 429 a) 3a I1CnpaSJbalhe ,!IeJlO-
sa Oil m,!Ma J1Cno.:\ 1 mm lIe6JbJ-1He 11111a H3pel.\KaHY nospwJoIHY, 3 rrJ.\H
mlajy rrpo<pHJle y pe3aHe nOli y rJloM Oil 60+90 rJlOllaFbeM HJlII peH,!lI1-
caFbeM a 3a06JbeHJo! cy npH spxy . .lIy6l1Ha pel.\KJI je.:\Ha!{a je je,!lHOcTPY-
aj b) d)
eJ1. 426. - KpYJh.rm 3aBII)3lbe JrBH.I..ta
KOj AO ASOCTPYKOj MaTepl.jaJla. ]i[crryn'olelha Ha roplhe'l AeJlY
anaTa "opajy owosapaTH yny6Jbelhl1Ma Ha AOFbe,\1 Aeny (CJI. 429 b). 3a
.nH)lOSe on MeKor MaTeplljaJla Ae6Jbe OA 1 mm AOA"pHe nOSpWl1He aJiaTa
paSHO cy 6pyweHe 429 c) .
JeAHocrpaHo casl1jalhe, Ha jeAHoM Kpajy MaTepHjaJla, MO>Ke ' 13a-
3saTI1 no"epaFbe n>rMa. Y cJly'lajy ce IICKOpH.LI.rhyjy pyne npeAsl1-
ljeHe Ha PBAHO'I npeAl\lery !{oje Talla c.rry>Ke 3a npHAP>KaSalhe. Ha CJJ.
430 AaT je npl1Mep HCKOpl1llJhelha pyne 3a <pHKcHpaFbe nOJlo>Kaja JlI11\,a,
npH 'ole'!), je nesl1 Kpaj jow npHTHcHyr Ap>Ka'ole,r JlHMa ca onpyroM .
.npyrH npJ11\,ep rrp"AP>KaSaFba JJ1'Ma npl1 jellHocrpaHoM casHjaJbY
naT je Ha CJI. 431, rAe ce MaTepHjaJl-JlHM 1 rrpl1Tl1cKyje IIP>Ka'oleM JlI1Ma
2 . .np>Ka'ol ce !{pel'ie 3aje):IH0 ca npH1'I1CKHSa'oleM 3 HaHH)Ke.
330
EAaCTu't1iO UCnpa8Jba'lt>e AU.\W8a. IIpl1 caBl1jaFbY yraoHI-rKa (KaO
Hanp. npeMa CJI. 422) Hehe ce ca aJIaTI1Ma rrpaBoyraoHor 06JI14Ka
Ta'l'HO npaBoyraoHl1 paAHl'l rrpeAMeT 360r eJIaCTJ1'{ROr I1CnpaBJbaFba JII1Ma
2
eJl . 427. - AnaT 38 KPY}KHO 3aBHjal-be
ltIBlfl.\a
CJl. 428. - AJIaT 38 KpYJKHO
ca YKpyhelbeM Oil >KI<I1e
a)
b)
CJI. 429.

AJIaT 3a HCnpaSJba Ibe
.n;eJIoaa o.n; J1HlI,ta
CJI. 430. - IIpHI\PJKasalbe JI>tMa
npJII je.Q.HocTpaaoM caaMjalbY
nocJIe caBYljaFba. OBO I1CnpaBJbaFbe 3aBI1CH OA MaTepYljaJIa paAHor npeA-
MeTa OAROCHO OA FberOBe e.rraCTWllIocTH, 3aTHM OA Ae6Jbl1He JlHMa Kao H
OA no.rryrrpe'fFlI-rKa caBl1jaFba .JIJ1!"Ia. Y Ta6JI. 14 AaTH cy npeMa Oeh!e'7'-y
331
nO,l\al.\J1 3a I1CnpaBJbal-be JlI1MOSa Y creneRMMa 3a npasoyraoRo casl1jal-be,
Te npl1 KORCTPYKI.(J1jH aJlaTa TPe6a y rao casHjal-ba noseha1'l1 3a SpeI\HO-
CTH naTP y

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V
,
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:
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,-
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D . . 431. - IIpw):(p:H<3safbe lllUPI1:X JU1MOSa rrpM Cll. 432. - TIpl1.l\1ep 1aTBopeHor
je):tHoCTpaaoM caBKjaJbY aJIaTa 33 caBKjaFbe
I1opel\ nOl\aTaKa 3a nOJTynpeQHJ1Ke caB>!jalha l\aTHX y norJlaSJbY
,,06pal\a casJ<jalheM" MO>Ke ce npeMa Oehler- y OnpeJ\>f1'l1 "yLIDIMaJTR>I
YRYTpallIFbH nonynpeQHHK casHjalha npeMa 06pacllY
'min = K . s ,
fne je K-Koeq:,=jeHT 3aSHcaH On MaTepHjaJla pa,l\Hor npel\MeTa a naT
y Ta6J1. 15, nOK je S- l\e6JbHHa JT>!Ma y mm. CMalhel-be nOJlynpeqHJ1Ka ca-
sHjal-ba >!cnon OS>!X spei\RocrH MO>Ke H3a3Ba1'l1 K>fl\al-be
3a
T
80p'H.U a,/wTu. OrnopeHH aJlaT>! Mor y I\a ce np_eRe caMO KOI\
l\eJlosa KOI\ KOjHX ce casHjalhe SpillH OKO napaJleJTH>fX >!B>fI..\a, TaKO I\a
ce P8.){Rl1' npe,l\MeT nQCJle CaB>ljaH,a JlaKO 60QRO H3syhH. MeIjYTIfM,
aKO ce caBHjalhe SpillH OKO HenapaJleJII-IJo[X 1<B>fI..\a, Mopa yny6Jbel-be y
nOl-beM l\eJTY aJlaTa 6HTH OrpaIDfQeHO ca CSHjy crpaRa. 360r TeillKor sa-
Ijel-ba TaKSHX l\eJlOsa MOp a 6>1TIf npel\SHljeR H36Bl.\J1BaQ. I1pmlep TaKBOr
aJlaTa l\aT je Ha CJI. 432. JIml 1, KOjH Tpe6a ca TpH CTPaHe npecas>!TH,
craBJba ce Ra H36al..\>fsaQ 2 KOjH npH casHjal-bY 611sa nOTHcRYT HaH>!>Ke
a npH nospaTHoM xOI\Y H36allYje rOTOS neo HaSl1ille.
332
Tn6J1. 14 - nOBeh.the yrnoBa caBHjatha nHMORI "PH npaBoyraoHoM cIBHla",y
MarepHja.,
J1e6.'bHHa JlHMA
s mm
no 0,8
-I no"y- l nOB:ha", e yrna
npClIHIiK 3A06Jbctba Y CTenCIiUMlI
mtn
Henon 1 s
1 s -7- s
lI 3 H3n. 5 s
4
5
6
2
3 I
MeR lIeJH1K 3 a npOCeU8the
MeK MeCUllr [jalJHHC npn KH-
JlBfby 22 kg/ mill ' )
AnYMHHHly" .
0. 8 -7- 2,0
Hcnon 1 s
1 s -7- 5 s
11 3l1an 5 s
i 4 I
----1--0--'
UHHK
HcnOA 1 s
npeKO 2.0
1 S -7- 5 s I 1
H3ftan 5 s , 2 ,
)lo O,8
-
LJeJlHK cpellibe TBpnohe (OKO
40 kg/ mOl')
I TBpn MCCHHr (35 kg/ mm' )
0,8 -7- 2,0
Topna 6poH3a
H3Hall 2,0
---
110 0. 8
Tepn "enHK (60 kg/ mm' ) 0.8 -7- 2.0
113Han 2.0
i
Henon 1 s
1 S -7- 5 S
5 H3 Han, s
Henon 1 s
I S -7- 5 S
Hlllan 5s
HCllon 1 s
1 5 s
n3uaJl 5s
HellO.) 1 s
1 s .;. 5 s
H3Han 5 s
Hcnon 1 s
Is -7- 5 S
H3U8D. 5 S
HcnOn 1 s
1 S -7- 5s
H.Hall 5 S
Ta6J1. 15 - Koe<l>uUlljellar K 3. onpel)IIBafbe
MlIHHMaJIHor yHyTpauHbcr no.'1ynpClJIIHK3 caBHjat-b8
M a T e p H j a .,
Koe<pHuHjeHaT
K
EiaKap 0,25
Tepn MeCHHr 0,40
MeK MeCHnr 0.30
MeK qenHK 33 H3Bn84ClbC 0,50
LJenHK cpenfbe TBDnohe 0,55
I
1-
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
6
8
2
3
5
---
0
1
3
-- ---
7
9
12
4
5
7
2
3
5
I
1
I
I
333
AJIan t Ca RHUle npItTll(,KlfBa'la
3a CJIO>KeHwje orrepal.\wj e caBwjalba '1eCTO Hehe 6>ITW 1l.0SO.1baH jell.aH
npI1TWCK>ISaq W TO HapOqHTO aKO ce >Kem.t rrp11 j ell.HOM xo,!{y rrpece 1l.0-
rOTOS pall.HI! rrpe,!V,leT. I1pwMep v Il.Be onepal.\wj e npl1 j e-
,!{HOM X0Il.Y ,!{aT j e Ha CJI. 433. I1Pl1TIfCKWBaq 1 npl1T>ICKyje JTMM 2 HaH>!}!{C
rroTwCKyj ynl1 I1CTOBpeMeHO 11 Il.p>Kaq 3 ca rrpoqmmlcaAwM J1cnycToM, TaKO
,lla ce Y j e.l{jiOM ,!{eJIY x0ll.a ,ll06wja npaaoyraoHo CaS>Ij eHw Il.eo. Y AaCTas-
Ky xO,lla ce rrpoqmm1caHl1 Il.P)l<a'l 3 3aycTaB.Iba 1l.0K ce npWTWCKlffia'l 1 11
,llaJbe Kpehe CaB>Ijaj ynw JIWM OKO npoqmJI >ICaHOr I1 CnycTa.
eJl. 433. - TIocTynHo casHj aa.e ca ABa npJ1TMCKJ.1SaQa
Ha CJI . 434 rrpl1Ka3aA je aJI aT KOjW TaKolje 11Ma ,l{Ba rrpWTIfCKI1Ba"la
] W 2 11 TO j ell.aH y ,!{py rOM. 06a ce Kpeny 1'1CTOBpeMeHO npw 'l eMY rrpBO
Bplll W caBl1jrube rrpl1TWCKWBaq: 1 y 3 l1CTOBpeMeAo ca6l1j al-be orrpy re. I1pl1
,llaJbeM KpeTa>bY ,llOJJa3J1 1l.0 ,llejcTBa Il.py rw npWTWCKJ1Baq.
A KO rrpI1TI1CKI1Ba'l1 HeMaj y rrapBJI eJJaH rrpaBal.\ KpeTal:ba, Beh y npa-
aaH, HaJJa31'1 npl1MeHy aJIaT npeMa CJJ . 435, r,lle ce npWT>ICKWBaQ 1 Kpene
Sep'!1I1KaJl<HO, ,!{OK XOpW30HTaJJHW rrpI1TWCKWSa'll1 ,ll06!1jaj y nOKpeT npeKo
KOCI1.-'{ rroBpllIKHa Oil. Bep'l'MKaJLHl1X rrpMTIfcKJ1saqa 3.
CJJI1'laH aJIaT ,llaT je Ha CJJ. 436, r,!{e Il.py rw npI1TWCKl1BaQ 2 l1Ma KOC
npaBal.\ a <!1pl1'lSplllneH je 3a rrpBw rrpWTIfCKJ1BaQ . .ua ee m1M rrpl1 CaBI1-
jafuy He 611 rrOMepwo, npWTwcKy j e ce ,llp>Ka'l eM JII1Ma 3.
AJIATH 3A npocEQAIbE
A JJaTI1 3a rrpoCel.\afue eKOHOMl1'lHW' cy caMO rrpw M3pa,!{11 Beher 6poja
je,!{HaKl1x ll.eJIOBa, nOlllTO je ful1xosa KOHcTpYKl.\!1ja 1l.0C'l'a CJIO)KeHa, Hapo-
'l WTO aKO ce rrpl1 je,!{HOM XO,lly >KeJJJ1 rrOCTMhl1 BMllle onepal.\l1ja.
rrpW'Hl.\l1rry npOCel.\afua J1 0 113HaJJa)KefuY OTrropa J1 ,!{eopMaI.\110HOP
pall.a 6WJIO je Beh rOBopa y nOrJIaBJbY ,,06pa,lla npOCel.\albeM".
334
CJI. 434. - AJIaT 3a caBl1jafbe
ca ABa rrpKTKCKMBaqa
CJI. 435. - AJIaT ca Meljyco6Ho ynpaBHHM
npHTliICKYISal.J.MMa
CJI . 436. - AJIaT ca onpTHHM npHTH-
CKJ.ma"leM
335
KonCTPYKTUBJUf CJICMCHTJ,1 aJIaTr) 3a npOCCL\8 1bC
3Q.30p tt3.M.eljy ZOp?beZ U dO?bet deJta aJtaTa. O.l\ Beml'-l>!Re 3a30pa
1<3Mel)y 06a .l\eJIa aJIaTa 3aBI<CI< y BeJII<1<oj Mepl< KBaJII<TeT rrpoCe'<eHOr
MaTepl<jaJI a. BeJUI.Kl1 3a30p 1<3a311Ba npecaBl<jafbe OTCeqeHI<X 11 BI11\a , .l\OK
Mafbl1 3a30p MO>Ke 1<3a3Ba'l'l1 !lOpaCT OTnopa npOceL\al-ba na yCJIe.l\ TOTa
1< JIOM aJIaTa. Be.1TW-rl11-ra 3a30pa ce .l\061<ja I<JII< CMal-befbeM yHyTPatllfber
.l\eJIa aJIaTa-npoceKa'<a I1JfI< nOBefiafbeM "13pe3a CnOJbaUlfber .l\eJIa-.l\Ofba
nJIo'<a aJIaTa. AKo ce >KeJ\l1 .l\06I<T'" pa,l(l-rn rrpe.l\1l1eT y BI<.l\Y TaHKe nJloqe
Ta'tHor npe'fH11Ka, Mopa "'3pe3 .l\OH,e nJlo'<e aJlaTa _aTI< Ta'<HY Mepy,
.l\OK cy Mepe npoceKa'<a 3a BeJlI1'!WHy 3a30pa. 3a 1<3pa.l\.Y pyne
I1JII1 Ma Kor .l\pyror 113pe3a ca Ta'<HOM YHYTpaUlfbOM MepOM, Mopa npo-
CeKa'f 61<'1'1< Ta'IHO J<3paljeH Ha Mepy, .l\OK cy .l\I1MeH31<je .l\OFbe nJlo>.Je YBe-
fiaHe 3a BeJrI1'fI1HY 3a30pa.
Kao BeJfl1<[J<Ha 3a30pa MO>Ke ce rrpeMa Kaczmarek-y Y3eTI< 0,05 +
+0,1 s, r.l\e je s .l\e6JbI1Ha Jrl1Ma. CeM Tora je 60'<Ha YHyTpallllba nOBp-
WI1Ha .l\Ol-be rrJlO'le aJlaTa HarHYTa 3a OKO 0,5
0
(CJI. 437). 3a30p 1<3Meljy
.l\eJIOBa aJIaTa, MeIjYT_, HMje CTaJlHa Bpe.l\HOCT, Befi 3aBI<CI< O.l\ CTafba
I<CTpOUleHOCTI1 aJIaTa, TaKO .l\a BpeMeHOM oBaj 3a30p MO>Ke .l\OCTI1h.1< He-
.l\03BOJbeHe Bpe.l\HOCTI1.
Cn. 437. - OTBopeHH an3T 33

en. 438. - UHJll1HAPJ.{"'iHlol pYK3BaQ 3.
npW'IBpwnelbe rrpoceKaqa 33 npecy
IIpeMa EJIep-Kaj3epy (Oehle,. -KaiseT) nocToje .!\Be OnTI<MaJIHe Be-
JlJ1<[J<He 3a30pa y 3aBI1CHOCTI< O.l\ Tora .l\a JII< ce rrpBeHCTBeHO Tpa>K11 <[11-
CTa npeCe'fHa nOBpUll1Ha 11JIJ.1 npBeHCTBeHO UlTO Mafba CI<JIa I< MeXaHI<'<KH
p3.l\. CaM 3a30p u ce Ta.l\a O.l\peljyje npeMa CJIe.l\efil<M 06paCWIMa
3a JII<MOBe .l\0 3 mm .l\e6JbI1He Ll = c s _
3a JlI<MOBe .l\e6JbI<He npeKo 3 mm u=(1,5.c.s-O,015)]lr
s
r.l\e je s .l\e6JbI1Ha Jf_a y mm, rs ja'II<Ha MaTepl<j aJla npH CMM.l\afbY y
kg/mm' a C cpaKTop KOjl1 npl1 3aXTeBY '<I1CTe npeCe'fHe nOBpUlMHe _a
Bpe.l\HOCT C = 0,005 a npl1 3axTeBY M_I<M3J1He CI<Jfe 11 pa.l\a _a Bpe.l\HOCT
c.:o;: 0,035. YKOJ\l1KO je aJlaT 06J10>KeH TBP.l\HM MeTaJlOM c=0,015+0,018.
IIpu'!Bpwne1be a.n.ara Ha npecy. IIpoceKa'f ce CTe>Ke y npWI1l1CKl1Ba'<
npece nOMofiy L\I1Jf11H.l\pl1'fHor pYKaBL\a (CJI. 438). ,n:I<MeH31<je OBor py-
KaBL\a cy CTaH.l\ap.l\1130BaHe 11 .l\aTe y Ta6Jf. 16. PYKaB3L\ je l.\11J\11H.l\pJ1'fHOr
06J1I1Ka ca KOCHM 3ape30M pa.l\l1 oCl<rypal-ba nOMony 3aBpTl-ba.
336
,n;a rrpJ1 rrpOCel.\aIbY He 61<! HaCTaJlO CaSJ1jaIbe aJlaTa YCJle,!l; eKCl.\eH-
TpJ1'1HOr ,!l;ej CTsa pe3yJJTyj yher OTrropa rrpOceU;aIba y OAHOCY Ha oey npVl-
TMCKJ1Ba'la, Mopa oca pYKasu;a 6WnI rrOCTaBJbeHa Y rrpaB8l.\ pe3YJlTaHTe
OTnopa rrpoceu;alba. 3a HeCJ1MeTpl<!'1He 06J1J1Ke Tpa1K'M ce TaAa TelKJ1illTe
KORTYPHe JlI<!HMje rrpoceKa'la a 3a SKllleCe'lHe aJiaTe Te>KJ1lll1'e KOHTYP-
HJ1X JlI<!HJ1j a CSI<!X I<!CTOSpeMeHO AcjCTByjynl<!x rrpOCeKa'la I<! Y TaKO Hal)eHo
1'e>KMWTe rrOCTaSJba ce oca PYKaSl.\a.
Ta6n. 16 - l lilMe H3Hj e PYI<8I3 ua 38 npHlI opUJl1I1H8J-hC npOCCK(llI8 ua np(' cy - npCllt8 eJI. 438
;---------;--- - ----::-- ----- -- ---- ---
npCtHUl K d I OCTane nHMcII3nje pYK8Hua 111m
1 ___ p_Y_K_a'_" _1a_'_" _m ____ - I -I--=-- --I - a ___ __ b ___ 1
8
10
12
16
20
25
32
40
50
65
(80)
1
22 ' 3 19 3
25 3 19 3
28 3 19 3
5 W
W 5 W
45
56
72
80
100
125
6
6
8
8
8
10
35
35
55
55
55
78
JeAHOCe'lHM 3J1aTJI 3a npOCel.\albe
7
9
Boljuu,e aJtaTa. JeAHOCe'lHI<! aJlanl Bpwe rrpJ1 jeAHOM XO,!l;y rrpoce-
l.\afbe caMO je,!1He KOHType.
je,!1HOCe'l HM aJlaT T3B. OTBOpeHl1 aJlaT ,!1aT je Ha CJI.
437. ITpoceKa'l ce rrpw'lBpwhy je 3a a ,!10fua rrJlo'la 3a CTO
rrpece. Ta'IHoCT pa,L\a ca osaKSMM aJlaTOM 3aSMCM y.seJlMKoj Mepl<! J1 0,!1
Ta'fHOCTM caMe rrpece O,!1HOCHO fbeHMX sol)l11.\a 3a rrpMTMCKMSa'l, Te ce OSM
aJlaTM yrrorpe6Jbasajy caMO 3a Mal-be Ta'lHe ,!1eJlose. HajBelia Ta'lHOCT
Koja ce MO>Ke rroc1'VIhl<! ea OTsopeHMM aJlaTOM M3HOCI<! OKO 0,2 mm.
ITpMMep OTBOpeHOr aJiaTa ,!1aT je Ha CJI. 439. Osaj aJlaT cJrylKJ1 3a
npOCel.\aIbe TpoyrJlaCTMX ,!1eJlOsa M3 JlMMeHe TpaKe.
AJlaT Ha eJl . 440 je TaKol)e OTSOpeH.M aJlaT ca rrpCTeHoM 1 3a CK11-
,!1afbe-36p11caBafbe p a,!1HOr rrpeAMeTa ca rrpOCeKa'la 2. Pa,!l;J1 YWTe,!1e
aJiaTHor 'IeJUIKa, ce'fJ11!a Ha rrpoceKa<ry 2 11 ,!10fbOj rrJlO'll<! 3 113BC,!1eHa ey
Y BVI,!l;y rroce6HMx rrpcTeHosa. CMJla rroTpe6Ha 3a CKMAafue pa,!l;Hor npe,!l;-
MeTa M3HOCM OKO 2-;-.3 kg/ mm2 npeCe'leHe nOSpWJ1He.
BOJbe soljefbe M3Meljy 06a AeJla rrOCTM>Ke ce ca nOJryOTsOpeHl1M
aJlaTOM rrpeMa CJI. 441 KO,!l; Kora rrpCTeH 1, Be3aH 3a ,!l;OI-bY nJlo'!y 2, 06y -
XBaTa rrpOCeKa'l 3. OBaj npcTeH y Marhoj MepJ1 CJryJRM 3a BoljeIbe rrpo-
CeKa'l a Ben Kao npCTeH 3a C'KM,!1albe pa,!1HOr rrpe,!1MeTa ca npOeeKa'la np11-
JIJ1KOM fberOBor M3AM3alba.
337
OTBOPeHl1 11 no.nyOTBOpeHI1 anaTI1 360r HeAOCTaTKa Bol)l1l(a 6p>Ke
ce Tyne 11 KBape 360r Mory h'HOCTH HaCe,llaH>a npOCeKa'Ia Ha ,lIOfbY nnO'Iy.
HajnpOCTJ1jH Ha'Il1H Mel)yc06'Hor Bol)el-ba anaTa npyJKajy npOCeKa'DI
ca nnO'IaCTJ1M BOI)l1I.\aMa (c.rr. 442). Ko,n; OBe ce nope.A Bo-
i)l1l(a 3a npOCeKa'I I1CTOBpeMeHO ,lI06Kjajy 11 Bol)l1I.\e 3a MaTepl1jan.
en. 439. - OTBopeIDI aJIaT 33 npo-
ceqatLe TpoY!'n3CTJ1X
en. 441. IIonyoTBopeHJ!I anaT
33 npoce43lbe
en. 440. - OTBOpeHJ1 anaT '38 npoceu:albe
ca pa,ItHOr npe,[tMeTa
en. 442. - An3T 33 npoceQ.albe ca
nnOqaCTltlM BobHp;aMa
,lWyrn TJ1n anaTa ca Bol)l1I.\aMa npeTCTaBJba anaT ca cory6IDI!M BO-
l)l1I.\aMa (cn. 443). Y nopel)el-by ca nnO'IaCTJ1M B:Ohl1l.\aMa noc'l1l!DKe ce Ta-
'nrnje Bol)el-be, nourro cy '1aype 11 cTy60BH 6pYllleHH. Ko,ll nnO'lBCTJ1X
801)I11.\a, Mel)YTHM, Mopajy ce Bol)Hl.\e y nno_, HapO'lWFO 3a "CJlomelrnj e
22 MaWl-rHe an8TKe
338
06.mrKe, 'feCTO 113paAI1'l11 PY'-tHI1M paAOM. MCTo TaKO ce JlaKll.Ie 3aMeIDyjy
I1CTporuelD! CTy60BI1 11 'faype Hero nJlO'fe.
IIopeA npoC'l11X cTy6HI1X Bol)l1l.(a ynOTpe6JbaBajy ce jow 11 HeKe
CJlO>KeHl1je KOHCTPYKI-ll1je CTyGHI1X Boljl11\a Kao KOM611HOBaHe cTy6He 11
nJlO'faCTe Bol)l1l.\e (CJI. 444). Y nO'fe'l'HOM AeJlY xOAa ce H8HIDKe rrpo-
CeKa'f 1 3ajeARo ca nJlO'fOM 2 AO AOAHpa ca MaTepMj aJroM. OA Tor 'I'pe-
HyTKa rrpOAY>KaB8 KpeTalbe caMO rrpoceKaq rrpM ce npoceKa'l
Kpehe peJlaTMBHO npeMa nJlO'fH 2 caMO 3a HeWTO Bl1l.l1e OA Ae6JbMHe JlMMa.
TMMe ce nOCTI1)Ke MBlbe a6aIDe Boljl1l.(e y !TJlO'lM 2. OBa KOHCTpYK[\Hja je
HapO'lMTO !TOmARa 38 aJl8Te ca TalbHM rrpoceKa'feM.
Cn. 443. - AnaT 3a npoce"albe ca
cTy6H>lM Bol)Hl.\aMa
Cn. 444. - AnaT 3a npoce"albe
ca KOMfil1HOaaHMM
en. 445. - .Dipy,"H THn anaTa 3a 1lIPoCe"a'beCn. 446. - AnaT 3a npoce"albe ca ,,>l-
ea KOMfinHOS8HJ1M Boijl1.u;aM8 BoI}H.u;aM8
AJlaT Ha CJl. 445 je TaKol)e KOM6JofHOBaH M noroAaH HapO'lMTO 3a
Talbe npOCeKa'fe. Bol)elbe mplbe 1 M cpeAlbe !TJlO'le 2 BPWM ce no cTy-
60BHMa, Te je 360r Tora Ta'fHOCT aJlaTa nOBehaHa.
AJlaTH ca l.\11J1JofHAPI1'IHMM Bol)l1l.(aMa (CJl. 446), Ha3BalD! jow M 6J10K-
aJlaTMMa, Jl:OJla3e y 063Hp 3a npocel.\BIbe Ta'IHI1X AeJlOBa MaHMX Jl:MMeH-
3l1ja. YHYTpallll-b11 Aeo aJlaTa Kpehe ce no l{I1J1HHAPM'lHOj BOI)Ml.\I1. IIpM
339
H3Pa.z\J1 aJlaTa ce KJlJ13a'l 1 Ta'lHO ueHTpH'lHO nOCTaBJba y BOCa'l 3 a 10-
Mel}y 1 J1 3 HaJlHje 6eJll< MeTaJl 2. Knl<3a'l 1 I< .. a Y3AY:>KHe :>KJbe60Be Ha
HejelJ;SaKoM pa3MaKY paAYf Cnpe'laBaH>a OKpeTaFba KJIl<:la'la. CaM aJlaT y
Y:>KeM rrpJ1'lBpnrhyj e ce 3a A0Ii>J1 Aeo 1OJ.1<3a'la Kao J1 3a nOAHo-
)Inry nJlO'lY, AOK ce ropH>1< Aeo KJl1<3a'la rrpl<'l.Bpwhyje 3a rrpI<TI<CKl1Ba'l
rrpece nOMOli.y HapO'tl1TOr cnojHor AeJla.
HajBeli.a Ta'lHOCT Koja ce MO:>Ke nOCTYfnl< ca jeAHoce'IH"l1M aJlaTllMa
ca Bol}l<l1aMa 3a npOCeKa'l Kao I< 3a MaTepMjaJl J13HOCI1 OKO 0,08 mm
(0 BoljeH>y MaTepYfja.rra BI<Al< MaJlO HJ1:>Ke).
YKOJl>rKO je 06IDfl< paAHor rrpel11'1eTa CJlO:>KeH a MO:>Ke ce KOM61<HO-
BaT!< OA HeKOJlJ;fKO rrpOCTI<X 06J1l<Ka, BPWJ1 ' ce 'KOM6J1HOBalhe npoceKa'la
Kao Harrp. npeMa CJl. 447. CBaKl< npoCTYf CaCTaBHI< AeO ce TaAa JlaKO
1<3paljyje.
.MaTepuja.lta. IIpl< npocel..\a.>by AeJlOBa J13 TpaKaCTOr MaTe-
pl<jana Mopa ce, paAl< llITO 60Jber J1CKOpl<llIneFba MaTepl<jaJla, TpaKa no-
MepaT!< YBeR 3a je,lUiY J1cry AY>KH-
BY. AKO Ha npecI1 IDI j e rrpeAHl<ljeH
Hapo'lJ1TI< ypeljaj 3a nOMepalbe Ma-
Tepl<jaJla Kao Harrp. Ha CJI . . 180,
Mopa ce Ha aJlary rrpeAHJ1Ae'I'>I rpa-
IDf'tHJ1"K. TaKaB rpaIDl'lllliK rrpeABI<-
I}es je sa aJlary rrpeMa CJI. 439. Tpa-
en. 447. - KOM6Y1HOBaH.e
npoceKaqa O,lt rtpOCTmc:
AMosa
fl
en. 448. rpaHl<'IHHK .3a o.a.pe-
t}I1Bafbe TaQHOr nOJIom:aja 1"paxe
np" npoc
e
l1
3lb
Y
Ka ce YMehe y cMepy CTpe.ll'l1I\e J1 I<Ce'lBIU1 (y OBOM cJlY'laj y Tpoy r JlaCTYf)
Aeo ce nOCJIe nOMepalba TPaKe OAYf3albeM npe6al..\Yje npeKo OCOBI<IDlI\e A
J1 TpaKa 3aTe:>Ke CynpoTHO CMepy YBJla'lelba. 3a npocel..\Blhe cJleAener
KOMaAa ce CJIeAellli J1Ce'laK npe6a.qyje npeKo I< 3aTe:>Ke, TaKO
Aa ce TpaKa nOM epa yseK 3a I<CTY AY>IU1HJ (BUJiK J1 CJI .
)J;pyrn Ha'l>lH Bol}elba CJI. 449 a. 3a He-
CI<MeTpJ1"'1He >l3pe3e KOA KOjl1X je He3roAHO TPaKY .Ha roplbl<
sa'IHH KopJ1"wheibeM caMor J1"3pe3a, BplIDl ce paAHor
npeAMeTa A J1CTOBpeMeHo ca jeAHe CTpaHe TpaKe 5o'Ul0 npoceualbe 1<3-
pe3a B KOjl< TaAa CJly>KH Kao HaCJlOH no rrpe6auJ1"Balby TPaKe npeKO OCO-
BJ1HJ1"Qe C.
Yd6J1"'{ajeIDI je Ha'iliH Bol}elba npeMa CJI. 449 b, rAe ce ca 60'IHe
cTpase "PaKe BplIDl npoce11Blhe MaTepl<ja.iI,a 3a AY:>Kl<Hy L Koja je jeAHa-
Ka AYJKI<IDI nOMepBlha TPaKe 3a jeAaH paAaJ1 npe,IJ;MeT. Bo"'l'1U1 npoceKaq
B je TaKO J1"3BeAeH llITO je y 3 Ibera nOCTaBJb'eH HaCJlOH C (CJI. 449 e) Ha
KOjJ1 ce nOCJIe 60qHOr rrpoce11alba saciIBlha 60'I'H0 rrpoceqeIDI Aeo TpaKe.
YKOJlJ1KO je 6o'lHJ1 J13pe3 6JIl<JKJ1 Meery npoce11alba paAHor rr pe,IJ;MeTa,
YTOJll<KO je ry6l1TaK MaTepJ1jaJla Ha Kpajy TPaKe Malb",- )J;a 6J1 ce TPaKa
I<CKOpJ1CTI<Jla AO Kpaja, nOCTaBJbajy ce rrOHeKaA JV!iarosaJlso I< ABa 6o'IHa-
22'
D
D

c:J

L
-----l
____ J
d)
eJJ .. 449, _ Pa3J1J1qJ.1TW HaqJ.1HU 3a Bot,etbe TpaKe: a) 60t.IHJ.1M npoceQal-beM J.1 rpa-
HJ.1'-rHJ.1KOM
t
b) nOMohy 60t.IHor n pOCeKaqa ca HaCJlOHOM, c) nOMohy ,lJ;J1j a rOHaJIHI1X
6oQ'ur" npoceKaqa, d) nOMohy ynopeAH"'x 6oqH>!x npOCeKaqa, e) 60QH'" npOCeKaQ
ca HacnOHOM
en. 4.50. - flpocet\a .... e pyna Ha j eAHaKoM OTcToja!bY
341
npOCeKaqa (CJI. 449 c) Jol TO AOK je jeAaH Bea 113BaH MaTepujaJIa APYr>l
jow AejcTByje. 3a urnpOKJ1X AeJIOBa nOCTaBJbajy ce 11 ABa
ynopeARa 6o'tHa npOCeKaqa (CJI. 449 d) , <rnMe ce CnpeqaBa I1cKoure""e
TPaKe.
I1pl1Mep O,n;HOCHO npo6l1jaa.a pyna Ha jep;RaKOM OTCTO-
jaa.y AaT je Ha CJI. 450. 3a OBaKaB pa);\ nOTpe6Ha je npeca
ca nOAeOIDfM anapaToM KOj 11 TaAa C.rry>KlJ1 3a Bo!)ea.e - AeJbe""e MaTe-
pl1jaJIa Op;ROCHO pa,D,'Hor rrpeAMeTa.
BUlneCe'lHtt aJlaTH: 3a
Bl1wece'fIDI rrpoceKaqu npJ-IMelbyjy ce npl1 113paAJ-I Brone pa,n;HJ-IX
npeAMeTa o.zd eAHOM npl1 j eAHOM XOAY I1JIU 3a I1C'1'OBpeMeHO npoceI.(llFbe
PaAHOr rrpe,qMeTa Ha BI1We MeCTa.
AJIaT npeMa CJI. 451 Bl?llIJ-I I1cToBpeMeHo npoce.I..\aa.ecpeAfue pyne
.4. Kao 11 60'fIDfX u3pe3a B 11 TO ca Tpl1 npoceKa'fa A' 11 B'. I1peMa Ha-
'f"fRy Boljelba aJIaTa cnaAa OBa y KOM6i1HoBaHl1 T>1l1, npeMa
CJI. 444.
CJJ. 451. - BWWeCe1.fHl1 npOCeKaq 33 JIICTOSpeMeHO npOCel\Bli>e TPM Jil3pe3a
Y3aCTormo npoceu,a'lhe. BJ1llIece'fRl1 aJIaTI1' yn01'pe6JbaBajy ce 11 np ..
Y3aCTOnHOM ITPI1 Y3acTonHOM ce U3paAa pa,D,'Hor
npeAMeTa ca CnOJballIlbl1M 11 YHY1'pallllbJ1ll'i KORTypaMa- 113pe3J-1Ma MOpa:
06aBI1TI1 y BJ1llIe 11 TaAa ce npl1 Y3aCTOITHOM nOMepalbY MaTe-
342
BplIDl npBO ' npocet:(albe yKyTpallIlbJ.1X KOHrypa a 3aTI1M cnOJba-
WI'b'KX (CJI 452). ,ll;a 61-1 ce 11.06110 paAHM npe.u;MeT 1 BPWI1 ce Ha JleBOM
AeJfY MaTepl1jaJla np06J.1jafue pyna ca npOCeKa'leM 2. liIcToBpeMeHo npo-
-ceKa'l 3 BpWM npocet:(lUbe Y3AyJKHMX 113pe3a 11 TO Ha oTCTojaEbY jeAHaKOM
KopaKY L OA npeTXOAHMX pyna. liII1Jbt:(11 4 OAPeljyjy Ta'laH nOJloJKaj Ma-
lI'epT<JjaJla, AOK npOCeKa'l 5 BPWI1 npo-cet:(al'be CnOJbaUll'be KOHType. IIpl1
CJleAeheM nOMepali,Y TpaKe 3a j eAaR KopaK nOMepajy ce npeTxoAHO npo-
AeJlOBI1 MaTepl'tjaJla TaKO Aa I1cnOA npOCeKa'la .5 yseK 1-IcnaAajy
nOTTIYHO rOTOBII, AeJlOBI1. KYKe 6 cJfY)I{e 3a OApeljl1Bal-he nOJlo)l{aja ,-paKe
AOK cY npoce'Ka'll1 jow 113AJ1rHYTI1.
en. 452. - B HWeCeQRH aJlaT 33 Y3aCTon HO
npoc""a>be
..rL Ji,
I 'I I
I 'I I
: 1, I
- l,,,iL;I
J
.. '

-+
CJt. 453. - B"' WeCe'lHH
anaT aa y3aCTOnHo npoce-
Q31-be ,ltBOCTPYK1M npony-
WTatbeM Tp aKe
AJlaT 'Ha CJI. 453 je TaKolj e BHllIeCe'lHI1 aJlaT 3a y3acTonHO rrpoce-
t:(aFbe, caMO je WMpa O,ll HOpMaJfHe TpaKe. 'Y OBOM cJrY'lajy ce paP:l'l
yllITe,lle Y MaTepl1JaJlY Bpum npony UlTal'be TpaKe ABa nyTa M TO APyrl1
flyT y OKPeHYTOM nOJlOJKajy (Ta'lKaCTO t:(p1'aHe KOHType). Ha Taj Ha'lM'H
je JKyIIHa urnpWHa TpaKe Ma1i>a O,ll ABOCTpYKe urnpl1He HOpMaJrHe ,-paKe.
OBaKaB Ha'DIH HI1je YBeK npMMeHJbI1B, Bel'. CaMO OHAa aKO TO 06Jf11K paA-
Hor npe,llMeTa A03BOJbaBa.
Cn. 454. - AJIaT 3a BepTJ.1KanHO 1'1 XOpH30HTanHo
npoceQal:be
en. 455. _ npJ.1.Mep Pa.3JU1'fHTOr HCKOpl'f.wheth3 MaTepJ.1jana npH npOCe.L(albY
344
HajBeha Ta'IJ-IOCT aJIaTa 3a Y3aCTOITH0 rrpocel..\atbe ca 6o"ffUlM rrpo-
CeKa"fr-rMa l-I3HOCr-r 0,15 mm.
MCTOBpe.MeUO npoceu,a1t>e. B=eCe'l'HO npocel..\a1be HaJIa3r-r Hapo'Ir-rTY
npr-rMeHy npM l-ICTOBpeMeHoM npOcel..\al-bY Ha BlUI.Ie MeCTa paAHor npeA-
MeTa Kao r-r 3a J1CTOBpeMeHO A06MjaH>e BlUI.I e AeJIOBa.
/+", I-L+;-
-t-0t-+I 'I
'- / I _L
I 1 I
I -1_
I i
1..Lt.,
I 'r'
i
eJl. 456. - AJIaT 3a J1CTOapeMeHo npoceqalbe BJ-IWe ,lI;enoaa
A KO paAHJ1 npeAMeT 3aXTeBa BepTJ1KaJIHO M 60"fHO rrpoce.l..\albe 'M aKO
ce OBO :m:eJIJ1 l-I 3BeCTr-r J1CTOBpeMeHO rrpM jeA'HOM XOAY, HaJIa3J1 rrpJ1MeHy
aJIaT rrpeMa CJI. 454. Ha roplbeM TeJIY 1 aJIaTa rrpW-IBpurli eH je BePTM-
KaJIfUI rrpOCeKa'l 2, AOK cY 60"fHM rrpOCeKa'lJ1 yMeTHyTJ1 Y KJIJ13a"fe 3.
ITPM KpeTal-bY TeJIa 1 HaHM:m:e, rrpEIHocJ.1fie ce rrpeKo lberOBJ1X KOCJ1X rro-
Bpl.Ul1Ha J1 owoBapajylrnx KOCMX rrOBpmJ1Ha KJIM3a"fa 3 KpeTafbe y pa-
AJ1jaJIHOM rrpaBI..\Y Ha XOpM30HTaJIHe rrpOCeKa"fe. ITo 3aBpmeHoM XOAY
345
BpahajyhK ce XOpK30HTaJlH'l1 npOCeKa'rn y nO'fenrn nOJlO>Kaj IIOCpeACTBOM
onpyra (Ha ce He BWAe).
IIow1'O ce npoce,-\aFbeM np0113BOAK 06""'rHO BeJlI11<J-! 6poj l1C1'l1X Ae-
JIoaa, TO YUlTeAa y MaTepl1jaJlY 3a je,l\aH KOMa,[( npeTCTaBJba BPJlO Be-
Jll1Xy YKYITHy YWTeAY MaTep>fjaJla. Ha CJl. 455 AaT je npMMep pa3Jll1"'fl1-
Tor >lCKOpl1Ulhelba MaTepl1jaJla. Ha CJI. 455 a je MaTepl1jaJl HajMaFbe
KCKOpl1wheH, AOK Y CJlY'Iajy C Haj60Jbe. YWTeAa MaTepl1jaJla ce Hapo-
'rnTO OTJle,l\a npl1 BI1WeCe'-IHOM npoce,-\aI-bY. Hanp. aJiaT npeMa CJl. 456
BPWl1 l1CTOBpeMeHo npoce,-\al-be 'fe1'l1pl1 KOMaAa. IIpl1 jeAHoM xO/X..Y BpWl1
ce npoce,-\atbe AeJlOBa I , 3aTl1M nOMepaFbeM 1'paKe 3a .!()'>KWHy L npoce-
,-\ajy ce AeJlOBI1 II I1TA., Ta'KO Aa ce ,-\eJla TpaKa pa,-\110HaJlHO I1cKopyuuliyje.
IIpoce'-\albe lloMohy ry 1e
Cnel{l1jaml'H Ha'fMH IIpOce,-\aJ-ba npeACTaBJba \ '!POce,-\al-be nOMoliy
r yMe. OBa MeTOAa je HapO'fI1TO noroAHa 360r BeJlI1Ke rrpOAYKTl1BHOCTI! 11
MaJlI1X 1'pOillKOBa OKO 113paAe aJiaTa.
Ha CJl. 457 Ule?>1aTCKl1 je IIpl1Ka3aH aJla1' 3a OBY BpCTy 06paAe KOjl1
C 063>1POM Ha ryMy MO}Ke 6111'11 oTBopeH (CJl. 457 a) 11 3aTBopeH (CJl. 457 b)
a y 3aBl1CHOCTl1 OA Tora Aa Jll1 je ryMa 1 CJl060AHO nOCTaBJbeHa Ha Jl>fM
2 I1JlH je ryMa yMeTHy1'a y OKBI1P 3 ropl-ber AeJia aJlaTa. Y npBOM CJIY-
qajy ce rrpl11'l1CaK ca ryMe Ha Jl>fM rrpeHOCH ca1.!O y BepTHKaJlHOM npaB,-\y
a Y APyroM cJlY'fajy 11 BepTI1KaJlHO H XOp"30HTaJlHo. IIOCJle,l\1bH Ha'f>fH
je rroro,[(Hl1jl1 360r 'fera je OBa APyra MeTOAa 11 HaWJla Beliy npHMeH)' .
JIl1M 2 nOCTaBJbeH j e Ha nJloqy 4 aJlaTa 3a npoce,-\al-be, npl1 'feMY KOH-
Typa OBe IIJlO'fe oAroBapa KOHTyP" pa,llHOr npeAMeTa KOjl1 ce npoce,-\a.

aJ 6J
eJI. 457. - AJlaT 33 npoceu,albe ca rYMOM
oj
CJ
eJJ. 458. - TIpOI..(ec npoceu,aa.3 ca rYMoM
CaM npo'-\ec npoce,-\alba IIOMOliy ryMe 06aBJba ce Ha Taj Ha'!l1H,
(CJl. 458 a) W'I'O ce JlHM 2 Kpojl1 TaKO Aa je l-beroB CJl060,llHl1 Kpaj 113BaH
nJlO'fe 3a npoce,-\al-be 4 3a WI1PI1Hy B, Beliy 3a ,l\Ba AO Tpl1 rryTa 0,1\ BI1-
346
cl1He H. BI1CMHa H nJlo'l e '06J1'1HO J13HOCJ1 10 mm, AOK Ae6Jbl1Ha ryMe
Tpe6a Aa j e 4 AO 5 ny-ra seha OA ,!(e6Jbl1He H nJl o'le 4. IIOA AejcTsoM IIp'I1-
TJ1CKJ1Sa'l a npece ryMa csoj rrpJ1TJ1CaK Ha JIl1M YCJl eA 'Iera ce
CJlOfi OAHYI Kpaj Jll4Ma casl1ja HaHJ1}l<e AO AOAl1'pa ca nOAJlO}!{HOM nJlO'lOM
(CJI. 458 b). IIpl1 AaJbeM KpeTa!l,y rrpMTl:K11'Ba'la Ha'lm }!{e nosehasa ce
npl1T11caK Ha r yMy YCJleA 'Iera ce casMj eHM Aeo JIMMa CMJ1QaH>eM oAsaj a
o,!( JIl1Ma KOjM Jle>KJ1 Ha nJlO'lY\ 4 M TO no KOHTYPM nJlo'le 4.
IIoTpe6Ha CJ1J1a 3a npoceQaH,e op;pel)yj e ce npeMa 06pacQY
A . P [J . .
F = -- t , rae Je
1000
A [cm2] - nospwMHa paAHor rrpeAMeTa KOj J1. ce npoceQa,
p [kg/ cm
2
] - 'lTpMTJ1.CaK ryMe.
3a npoceQaH>e o,!\'rpeja!iJ1x IDIMosa OA Ay paJIY'MJ1 HY1j YMa Kpeh e ce
nOTpe6aH npMTI1CaK p 113Mel)y 54,5 J1 130 kg/ cm2 3a ,!(e6Jb'MHe JIl4Mosa OA
0,5 AO 1,3 mm.
IIpoceQalbe ca r YMoM 'HaJIa3M WMpOKy ITpJ1MeHY npl1 npoceQalbY
JIl1MOSa OA a..rryM11HMj YMal1 lberOSMX JIer ypa J1 TO 3a ,l\e6Jbl1He ,l\0 1,5 mm
a HajBJ.!I.Ue ',l\O 2 rnm, ,l\OK 3a 'IeJIM'IHe Jl J1.MOSe ,l\0 ,l\eOJb11He O,l\ 1 mm.
O,l\ Mal.IJJl1Ha 3a npoceQalDe ca r YMoM rrpl4Melhy j y ce xJ1,l\ paYJll1'IHe
npece ,l\0 5000 t.
KOMBHHOBAHK AJIATK
Pa,l\J1 cKpahelha pa,l\HOr speMeHa Kao M paAl1' noseiialba Ta'IHOCTM
pa,l\a KOM6IDIy j y ce aJla'I'M 3a 06aSJbalbe SMwe pa3HOp0,l\HMX onepal.1Mja.
Ose onepaJ.111je ce 06M'1HO spwe npM nocTYTIHOM nOMepal-bY 'I'paKe aJlM
y seK TaKO A3 ce rrpl1 j e,!(HOM XOAY M36aL1Yj e rOTOB pa,l\H11 rrpeAMeT. IIpM
KOHCTPYKqJ1jM TaKBMX aJlaTa Tpe6a KOjM O,l\rosapajy noje,l\MID1'M
onepal{MjaMa, AMMeH3I10HMCaTM npeMa y rrYTCTBl1Ma ,l\aTMM 3a KOHC'I'pyK-
L111i y aJlaTa 3a ,!(OTl1'1Hy orrepal{Mj y .
llpoceQalhe H W1SJla'leIDe
.ll:a 614 ce npJ1 M3SJl aqeFbY ,l\06MJl a MoryhHoCT HenpeKJ1,l\HOr pa,l\a
y noTpe60M TPaKac110r MaTepMjaJla, KOM6J1HY.ie ce npoceQalhe ca 'HaKHa,l\-
Hl1M M3SJlaqelheM M TO Y jeAHoM XO,lly. H a CJl. 459 O,l\ a - d npKKa3aHe
cy noje,l\l1He cpaae '!'aKsor KOM6MHosaHor paAa. 'Y OSOM cJlY'lajy ce M3SJla-
qelhe SpIl.liJ1 6ea AP}!{a'la JIl1Ma npM qeMY OTBOp rrpCTeHa aa l1aSJla'lelbe
J1Ma JleSKaCTM 06JII1K pa,l\11 crrpeqaSalba CTBapalba Ha60pa. IIocJle 3asp-
weHor 113SJla'lelha (CJI . 459 d) Tj . 110CJJe npOJl a3a 113syqeHOr pa,!\'Hor npe,l\-
MeTa Kp03 rrpc-reH aa,llp>Kasa ce MCTJ1 YCJle,l\ eJlac-rW!HOr urnpelha Ha
AOlheM ,l\eJlY npCTeHa 14 naAa HaHI1}!{e rrpM nospaTKy 113SJla'Kaqa HaBIDlle.
AJlaT rrpeMa CJI. 460 SpWM TaKol)e npoceL1alhe '11 M3BJla'lelhe y
j eAHoM XO,lly. IIpoceKaq 1 SpW11 npoceQalhe pyrre, AOK M3SJIa'Kaq 2 11
rrpcTeH 3a I13'BJla'leFbe 3 spwe 113SJlaqelhe. 'Y OSOM cJIY'Iaj y ce 113SJla-
Ka'l HaJla3l1 ca ,l\Olbe c-rpaHe K'a0 M AP}!{aq Jll1Ma 4 KOjM je se3aR aa y pe-
I}aj ca onpyroM 3a AP}!{alhe IDIMa.
347
AJiaT Ha CJI . 461, KOj l1M ce BpWY! 11 113BJlaqeJ-he 11 rrpoceQaJ-he, cHa6-
,l\eBeH je jow 11 1136aJ.{HBaQeM 1 KOj l1 CJIYJKI1 jow 11 Kao BO"l11.\a 3a rrpo-
CeKaq 2 Kao 11 3a I1crrynqaBaJ-he AHa paAHor rrpe,!{MeTa. M3BJlaKaq 4 Kao
en. 459. - TIoje.ll.HHe q>a'3e pa.ll,a KOM6HHOBaHOr 3JIaTa 3a
npoceQaJ-be J1 M3anaqel-be
11 .np}Kaq JlaMa 3 HaJla3e ce ca .nOFbe CTpaHe. I1pI1TI1CaK tq>>Kaqa JlI1Ma
oCTBapeH je rroMohy rYMeHor jaCTyKa.
3
2
"'C.II. 460. - KOM6ltHOBcUI1I BJ1i:lT 38 npOCe148 1'be III i'1'3BnB\.l e lb @
C.'rJ. -l6I. - KOM611HOa3HII 3JIBrr 38 npoceu.Sl-be III I.r.JBJl B"I e.J'be CO Vl'9681UIBJ.\1 M
349
npOCCQaJb(' II casllj albC
np>! Mep KOM6mi osaHor >! cas>!jalba ,l\aT j e Ha CJl. 462.
Qsaj aJIaT SPlID! 06paA)' Y3aCTOnHl1M pa,l\OM. Y ,j e,l\HOM XO,l\Y BPWI1 ce
,l\se py ne Ha ,l\eCHOM ,l\e.rry aJlaTa nOMohy npOCeKa'Ia 1, ,l\OK
ce Ha JI eSOM ,l\eJIY spum npso oTceQalbe a 3aTl1M cas11'j albe cit aJl aTOM 2
>! TO arlOr ,l\e.na MaTepl!j aJla Ha KOMe j e np>! npeTXO,l\HOM XO,l\y sprneHO
npoceQaffie !1peMa TOMe ce np>! j e,l\HOM XOA)' SPWI< I<CTOSpeMCHO
npoceQaffie Ha Je,llHOM ,l\eJIy MaTepl<j aJIa 11 OTceQalbe 11 casl1j albe Ha ,l\py -
rOM ,l\eJIY aJIl1 TaKO ,l\a . nocJl e JC,lIHor x0,l\a I<cna,l\a j e,l\aH pa,l\Hl! npe,l\MeT.
AJIaT Ha CJl. 463 C.rry}l(11 3a TaJIaCaCTO cas">rj albe cnoj Hl!Qe 3a ,l\pso.
!1ope,l\ casl1j affia sPilll1 osaj aJl aT H OTceQalbe I<SHQOM A.
en. 462. - KOM6HHOBaHJ.1 anaT 33 npoceQaH:.e II C3BJ.1j a H::. e
Ha aJlary (CJI. 464) KOjl1 CJIY}l(I< 3a caJlHjalbe I< oTceQalbe, nOCTI1}1(e
ce sol)elbe TpaKacTor MaTep>rjaJla 1I000why 60'lHHX npOCeKaqa 1 KOj l! CTsa-
paj y I<3pe3e 3a HaCJlalbalbe MaTepl1jaJla. 3a OTceQaffie C.rry}l(11 HO>KIDI
IIpOCeKaq 2, ,l\OK caBl1jalbe SPlID! aJIaT 3.
eeM ,l\0 ca,l\a npHKa3aHI1X KOM6I1HOSa'Hl!X aJl aTa 3a npoceQaffie 11
113SJla'lelbe, O,l\HOCHO npoceQalbe H casl1jalbe, llPI<Melbyjy ce I< KOM6H-
HOBa'HI< aJIaTI1 3a 113SJIaqelbe 11 caB11'jalbe, Kao 11 3a YTl1CK>fBalbe I<JII1
OTceQalbe KOM6J.rHosaHo ca je,llHOM J.rJll< ca Sl1we O,l\ rope nOMeHYTHx
onepaQJ.rja.
J13 Hanpe,l\ I<3J10}l(eHor 0 KOM61<HOS1l!HI1M aJlaTl1Ma npOl<3J1a311, ,!\a ce
pa3HOpO,llHe onepaU;I<j e ca je,llHl1M KOM6J.rHoSaIDIM aJlaTOM Mory I<3seCTl1
I<Jll! Ha Taj Ha'll1H, WTO ce npl! je,l\HOM I<CTOM XOA)'. npI1TI<oKI1SaQa spwe
cse onepaU;I<je y TOM x0A)' Ha I1CTOM pa,l\HOM npe,l\MeTy (anaTI< IIpeMa
CJl, 459, 460, 461, 463) I1JI11 ce onepaQl!je spwe Y3acTolIHo CJI, 462. !1Pl<
Y3acTolIHoj 06pa,lll! ce np>! je,ll'HOM XO,l\y aJlaTa spwe nOJe,ll'Hlie onepa-
350
CJI. 463. - KOM6V1HoBaml aJlaT 3a C3Bl1jalbe l1

CJI. 464. - KOM6miOBaHJ>f aJlaT 3a CaBl1jafbe l1 oTcel.\a!be ca
60'lHl1M npOCeKa'lm1a
351
l\Mje O,l\BojeHo Ha ,l\Ba HJlH BMUle pa.ll.HHX npe,l\MeTa. H y je,l\HOM 'I'! y ,l\py-
rOM cJly'fajy ce npM CBaKOM pal\HOM xop;y npHTIlCKmla'la A"06Hja je,l\aH
rOTOB pa,zvrn npe,l\MeT (3a cJlY'laj BHUle npHTHCKMBa'la ,l\06Hjajy ce H
HeKOJlHKO pa,l\HJ1X npe,l\MeTa) . ITPBH Ha'lJ1H pa,l\a 06e36e!)yje Behy Ta'lHOCT,
noUlTO OTlla,l\a nOMepaJ-be MaTepHjaJla O,l\ je,l\/ior npOCTor aJiaTa Ka APY-
rOM '1MMe ce H36eraBa Morylrn<X:T 3a HeTa'laH pa,l\. IToHBKa,l\ npBH Ha'IHH
o6pa,l\e npe'l'CTaBJba je,l\MHy MoryfiHOCT pa,l\a 3a cJly'laj Aa ce npeTXO.ll.Ha
onepal.\Hja c T>I J MCnyTI'IJ1Baa,y JlMMa (ycJle,l\ M3BJla'leJ-ba, caBMjaH>a,
YTIlCKMBa oHeMoryfieHo nOMepaJ-be Jll1Ma RpOO BO!)Hl.\e
MaTepHj
JIJ1TEPATYPA
E. Siebel - Le des metaux par deformation plastique
Liege 1936
A. Geleji - Walzwerks - und Schmiedemaschinen - Berlin 1954
Paris '<1.,;-<'
H. Joachim Kuhne - Der KraftbedarI beim Fliesspressen zylindrischer Hohlteile-
Halle (Saale) 1951
M. KUTTein - Werkzeuge und Arbeitsverfahren der Pressen - Berlin 1926
A. Ensslin - Technische Mechanik - Berlin 1922
J. P. den Hartog - G. Mesmer - Mechanische Schwingungen - Berlin 1936
G. Schlesinger - Die Werkzeugmaschinen - Berlin 1936
Siebel-Beisswanger - Tiefziehen - Munchen 1955
A. M. L{eJ""coa - MeXaHI13Mbl npOKaTHblX CTaHOB - MocKBa 1946
B. r. illaJl . ."ea..... MeXaHIf<IeCKHe npeCCbl - MOCKBa 1946
H. Kaessberg - Gesenkschmiede I, II - Berlin 1936, 1938
W. Setlin - Ziehtechnik - Berlin 1943
Oehler, Kaiser - Schnitt-, Stanz- und Ziehwerkzeuge - Berlin 1957
A. H. Bp1OxaKoB - KoBKa H 05beMHaR IllTaMnQ<B'Ka - MocKBa 1960
S. Poljak, B. Sorokin - Neuzeitllche Methoden der spanlosen Kaltverformung
Berlin 1954
H. Feldmann - Fliesspressen von Stahl - Berlin 1959
MalllHHocTpoeHHe TOM 8 - MocKBa 1948
B. Dobrovolny - Konstrukce mlstrojil pro lisy - Praze 1946
H. Hammersen - Untersuchungen zum wirtschaftlichen Einsatz von Schwungrad-
spindelpressen - Hannover 1958
E. Multer - Hydraulische Schmiedeptessen - Berlin 1939
A. Erkens - Gesenkschmieden - Berlin 1938
A. 3U.M.UlL - Ma.tu.MHbI 11 aSTOMaTbI KY3HeQHO-lllTaMTIOBO'lHOro np0l13BO.ACTsa I
MOCKBa 1953
IT. - .ll;eq,opMal.lHOHH OTnop npH H3pallH 3yn'laHHKa nnaeTI1'IHOM lIe-
q,opMal.ll1joM y3 penaTHBHO KOTpJhalbe - Beorpall 1954
TIOAOB'H.UKOB, CPUAunnoB. BOaaX'KOB. Ce.M.U6paZ08 - H3roTOSneHl1e Q"nJ.1.HAPJ1QeCKHX
3y6'1aTblx Konee npoKaTKoti - MocKBa 1961
E. Kaczmarek - Praktisehe Stanzerei - Berlin 1941
Casopisi: Masehinenbau, VDI, Werkstattst!,chnik und Maschinenbau
TIpocneKTI1 q,a6pHKa