Masonry Wall Design

Design Considerations
Masonry structures shall be designed based on a)working stress b)linear stress-strain distribution.
Requirements for working stress design of unreinforced and reinforced masonry structures are provided in Sec 4.5 and Sec 4.6 respectively.

Design Considerations
The structure shall be proportioned such that eccentricity of loading on the members is as small as possible. Eccentric loading shall preferably be avoided by providing : i) adequate bearing of floor/roof on the walls ii) adequate stiffness in slabs, and iii) fixity at the supports.

Design Considerations
Effective Height

a) Wall : The effective height of a wall shall be taken as the clear height between the lateral supports at top and bottom in a direction normal to the axis considered. For members not supported at the top normal to the axis considered, the effective height is twice the height of the member above the support. Effective height less than the clear height may be used if justified. b) Column : Effective height of the column shall be taken as actual height for the direction it is laterally supported and twice the actual height for the direction it is not laterally supported at the top normal to the axis considered. c) Opening in Wall : When openings occur in a wall such that masonry between the openings is by definition a column, effective height of masonry between the openings shall be obtained as follows: i) When wall has full restraint at the top, effective height for the direction perpendicular to the plane of wall equals 0.75 H plus 0.25H', where H is the distance between supports and H' is the height of the taller opening; and effective height for the direction parallel to the wall equals H. ii) When wall has partial restraint at the top and bottom, effective height for the direction perpendicular to the plane of wall equals H when height of neither opening exceeds 0.5H and it is equal to 2H when height of any opening exceeds 0.5H; and effective height for the direction parallel to the plane of the wall equals 2 H.

 Effective Length

Design Considerations

Design Considerations
Slenderness Ratio a) Walls : For a wall, slenderness ratio shall be the ratio of effective height to effective thickness or effective length to effective thickness whichever is less. In case of a load bearing wall, slenderness ratio shall not exceed 20. b) Column : For a column, slenderness ratio shall be taken to be the greater of the ratio of effective heights to the respective effective thickness in the two principal directions. Slenderness ratio for a load bearing column shall not exceed 12.

Allowable STRESSES
Allowable Stresses in Masonry
When the quality control provisions specified in Sec 4.3.4 above do not include requirements for special inspection, the allowable design stresses in this section shall be reduced by 50 per cent. Compressive Stress, Axial i) Unreinforced masonry walls, columns and reinforced masonry wall

ii)

Reinforced masonry columns

Allowable STRESSES

Class work
Check Slenderness ratio for a wall Compute allowable stress Determine wall thickness Determine Foundation size