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Once oil and gas are located and the well is successfully drilled and completed, the product must be transported to a facility where it can be produced/treated, stored, processed, refined, or transferred for eventual sale. Fig. 9.1 is a simplified diagram that illustrates the typical, basic "wellhead to sales" concept. The typical system begins at the well flow-control device on the producing "wing(s)" of the wellhead tree and includes the well "flowline," production/treating /storage equipment, custody-transfer measurement equipment, and the gathering or sales pipeline. Information and detailed discussions concerning petroleum production, treating, storage, and measurement equipment are located in various chapters of this Handbook.

Publication Information

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Petroleum Engineering Handbook Larry W. Lake, Editor-in-Chief

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Fig. 9.1Wellhead to sales (courtesy of AMEC Paragon).

Volume III Facilities and Construction Engineering

Kenneth E. Arnold, The piping and pipeline systems typically associated with producing wells include, but are not Editor limited to, the well flowline, interconnecting equipment piping within the production "battery," the gathering or sales pipeline, and the transmission pipeline. A brief description of the associated piping/pipeline systems is given next. Copyright 2006, Society of Petroleum Engineers Chapter 9 Piping and Pipelines Ralph S. Stevens III and Don May, AMEC paragons Pipeline Group Pgs. 317-394

ISBN 978-1-55563-116-1
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1 Piping and Pipeline Systems 1.1 Well Flowline 1.2 Interconnecting Piping 1.3 Gathering/Sales Pipeline 1.4 Transmission Pipeline 2 Piping and Pipeline Systems Pressure-Drop Formulas 2.1 Bernoulli Equation 2.2 Reynolds Number and Moody Friction Factor 2.3 Pressure Drop for Liquid Flow 2.4 Pressure Drop for Gas Flow 2.5 Multiphase Flow 3 Pressure Drop Caused by Valves and Fittings 3.1 Resistance Coefficients 3.2 Flow Coefficients 3.3 Equivalent Lengths 4 Selecting Pipe Wall Thickness 4.1 Piping Codes 4.2 Pipe Materials-Basics 4.3 Wall Thickness Calculations-Using B31.3 Code 4.4 Wall-Thickness Calculations-Using B31.4 Code 4.5 Wall-Thickness Calculations-Using B31.8 Code 4.6 Wall-Thickness Calculations-Comparisons 5 Velocity Considerations 5.1 Liquid-Line Sizing 5.2 Gas-Line Sizing 5.3 Multiphase-Line Sizing 6 Valve, Fitting, and Flange Pressure Ratings 6.1 Pressure Ratings 6.2 Flange Types 6.3 Gasket Materials 6.4 Bolting Materials 6.5 Pipe Fittings 6.6 Minimum Wall Thickness-Pipe and Fittings 6.7 Branch Connections 6.8 Valves 6.9 Control Valves and Pressure-Relief/Safety Devices 7 Specification Pressure Breaks 8 Pipe Expansion and Supports 8.1 Pipe Expansion 8.2 Pipe-Support Spacing 9 Pipelines 9.1 Gathering Systems 9.2 Transmission Pipelines 9.3 Onshore Pipelines 9.4 Offshore Pipelines 10 Pipeline Pigging 10.1 Pig Launchers and Receivers 10.2 Pig Selection 10.3 Slug Catchers 11 Hydrostatic Testing and Nondestructive Testing and Inspection 11.1 Hydrostatic Testing
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12 Instrumentation and Control 13 Nomenclature 14 References 15 SI Metric Conversion Factors

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