Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Concept mapping
7.1 Objective
7.1.2 To expose the teacher about the first aid during emergency case in laboratory
7.2 Introduction
Science is a hands-on laboratory class. You will be doing many laboratory activities
which require the use of hazardous chemicals. Safety in the science classroom is the #1 priority
for students, teachers, and parents. To ensure a safe science classroom, a list of rules has been
developed and provided to you in this student safety contract. These rules must be followed at all
times. Two copies of the contract are provided. One copy must be signed by both you and a
parent or guardian before you can participate in the laboratory. The second copy is to be kept in
your science notebook as a constant reminder of the safety rules. Proper laboratory technique is
essential to the education of successful scientist. Your success will depend on your attitude and
conduct. If you work with an attitude of rushing through, you will profit but little. An interest in
your work, an understanding of its purpose and a clear interpretation of your results are
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necessary factors for a good laboratory course. The chemistry laboratory is a safe place to
experiment if your are careful. You must assume responsibility of the safety of yourself and
your neighbors. Following are some safety and procedural rules to help guide you in protecting
There are several tips that all science teacher should concern. Conduct yourself in a
responsible manner at all times in the laboratory. Be familiar with your lab assignment before
you come to lab. Follow all written and verbal instructions carefully. If you do not understand a
direction or part of a procedure, ask the teacher before proceeding. Never work alone. No student
may work in the laboratory without an instructor present. When first entering a science room, do
not touch any equipment, chemicals, or other materials in the laboratory area until you are
instructed to do so.
Do not eat food, drink beverages, or chew gum in the laboratory. Do not use laboratory
glassware as containers for food or beverages. Perform only those experiments authorized by the
instructor. Never do anything in the laboratory that is not called for in the laboratory procedures
or by your instructor. Carefully follow all instructions, both written and oral. Unauthorized
experiments are prohibited. Safety goggles and aprons must be worn whenever you work in lab.
Gloves should be worn whenever you use chemicals that cause skin irritations or need to handle
hot equipment. Wear older clothes that cover the maximum amount of skin. Observe good
housekeeping practices. Work areas should be kept clean and tidy at all times. Bring only your
laboratory instructions, worksheets, and/or reports to the work area. Other materials (books,
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purses, backpacks, etc.) should be stored in the classroom area. Know the locations and
operating procedures of all safety equipment including the first aid kit, eyewash station, safety
shower, spill kit, fire extinguisher, and fire blanket. Know where the fire alarm and the exits are
located.
Be alert and proceed with caution at all times in the laboratory. Notify the instructor
immediately of any unsafe conditions you observe. Dispose of all chemical waste properly.
Never mix chemicals in sink drains. Sinks are to be used only for water and those solutions
designated by the instructor. Solid chemicals, metals, matches, filter paper, and all other
insoluble materials are to be disposed of in the proper waste containers, not in the sink. Check
the label of all waste containers twice before adding your chemical waste to the container.
Cracked or broken glass should be placed in the special container for “Broken Glass.” Labels
and equipment instructions must be read carefully before use. Set up and use the prescribed
Keep hands away from your face, eyes, mouth, and body while using chemicals. Wash
your hands with soap and water after performing all experiments. Clean (with detergent
powder), rinse, and dry all work surfaces and equipment at the end of the experiment.
Experiments must be personally monitored at all times. You will be assigned a laboratory station
at which to work. Do not wander around the room, distract other students, or interfere with the
laboratory experiments of others. Students are never permitted in the science storage rooms or
preparation areas unless given specific permission by their instructor. Know what to do if there is
a fire drill during a laboratory period; containers must be closed, gas valves turned off, fume
7.3.2 Clothing
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Any time chemicals, heat, or glassware are used, students will wear laboratory goggles.
There will be no exceptions to this rule! Contact lenses should not be worn in the laboratory
unless you have permission from your instructor. Dress properly during a laboratory activity.
Long hair, dangling jewelry, and loose or baggy clothing are a hazard in the laboratory. Long
hair must be tied back and dangling jewelry and loose or baggy clothing must be secured. Shoes
Report any accident (spill, breakage, etc.) or injury (cut, burn, etc.) to the instructor
immediately, no matter how trivial it may appear. If you or your lab partner are hurt,
immediately yell out "Code one, Code one" to get the instructor's attention. If a chemical should
splash in your eye(s), immediately flush with running water from the eyewash station for at least
All chemicals in the laboratory are to be considered dangerous. Do not touch, taste, or
smell any chemical unless specifically instructed to do so. The proper technique for smelling
chemical fumes (when instructed to do so by the teacher) is to gently fan the air above the
chemical toward your face. Breathe normally. Check the label on chemical bottles twice before
removing any of the contents. Take only as much chemical as you need. Smaller amounts often
work better than larger amounts. Label all containers and massing papers holding dry
chemicals. ALWAYS ADD ACID SLOWLY TO WATER, with slow stirring and swirling,
Handle flammable hazardous liquids over a pan to contain spills. Never dispense
flammable liquids anywhere near an open flame or source of heat. Never take chemicals or other
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materials from the laboratory area. Take great care when transferring acids and other chemicals
from one part of the laboratory to another. Hold them securely and in the method demonstrated
Inserting and removing glass tubing from rubber stoppers can be dangerous. Always
lubricate glassware (tubing, thistle tubes, thermometers, etc.) before attempting to insert it in a
stopper. Always protect your hands with towels or cotton gloves when inserting glass tubing
into, or removing it from, a rubber stopper. If a piece of glassware becomes "frozen" in a stopper,
take it to your instructor for removal. When removing an electrical plug from its socket, grasp
the plug, not the electrical cord. Hands must be completely dry before touching an electrical
switch, plug, or outlet. Examine glassware before each use. Never use chipped or cracked
glassware. Never use dirty glassware. Do not immerse hot glassware in cold water; it may
shatter. Report damaged electrical equipment immediately. Look for things such as frayed cords,
exposed wires, and loose connections. Do not use damaged electrical equipment. If you do not
understand how to use a piece of equipment, ask the instructor for help.
1. Remove the affected clothing of the injured person immediately. Do not forget
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2. Rinse the burn immediately with plenty of water (for at least 10 minutes). Do not
attempt to neutralise.
1. Use an eye-wash basin or an eye-wash bottle to rinse the affected eye thoroughly
with plenty of water. Take care to avoid washing any chemical into the uninjured
eye. Whenever possible, rinse the whole eye, especially under the eyelid. Eye
washing procedures are best executed by two persons, with help to the extent
3. Always take the injured person to the eye clinic at the University Hospital.
4. Immediately cool the affected areas with cold, running water for at least 15
minutes.
6. Do not apply any cream, powder, oil or any other preparation to the burn or
scald.
7. In the case of a burn to the face, joints, or genitals, or if you are uncertain about
degree of burn.
7.4.2 Poisoning
1. Ensure your own safety by wearing respiratory protection (gas mask), then carry
out the rescue by removing the injured person outside into fresh air.
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arrives.
1. Any poisonous material must first be secured! Do not forget to protect yourself!
centre (e.g., give the victim water, tea, activated charcoal, etc.). In the case of
vomiting.
1. Remove the affected clothing of the injured person immediately. Do not forget to
2. Rinse the affected areas with plenty of tepid water and gently wash with mild
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1. Wear gloves when touching or rinsing the wound. Do not remove any foreign
2. Cover the wound with a sterile dressing and apply a protective bandage.
3. If heavy bleeding continues, apply pressure with your fingers (you must know
7. Watch for signs of shock! Keep the victim warm and calm.
7.5.1 Equipment
The first aid box should contain an instruction sheet giving general guidance,
individually wrapped sterile adhesive dressings in a variety of sizes, sterile eye-pads with
bandages for attachment, triangular bandages, sterile dressings for serious wounds, a
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selection of sterile unmedicated dressings for minor wounds, safety pins. A bottle
containing eye drops, a first – aid manual. First-aid box must have these items;
laboratories.
3. Stock first aid kits with Band-Aids, 4X4 gauze, roller bandages and ace
bandages (no creams, ointments, etc.); report to Physician after first aid has
been administered.
4. For Bleeding and Wound Care . Wear clean gloves. Cover area with gauze
(or clean paper towels). Apply pressure to bleeding area -- have person sit or
Emergency Room.
5. Burns -- Heat/Chemical. Heat burns: -- run cool water over area for 5
minutes, then report to SHS; if burn area is large, cover with a cool, wet cloth
and contact physician. Chemical burns (acid or alkaline) - flush with large
amounts of cool running water for 15 minutes. For small area, report to SHS.
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water; turn head side to side and have water run across both eyes. Flush eyes
Emergency Room.
7. Eye - Foreign Body (dust or metal, paint, wood chips). Cover or close eye.
Report to ophthalmologist.
pickup.
7.6 Conclusion
Accidents in the laboratory may have various causes: Acids and alkalis: splashes on the
skin or in the eyes, swallowing., Toxic substances, Heat: naked flames, hot liquids, flammable
liquids, explosions, Injuries involving infectious material, electric shocks, etc. Look out for the
various types of accidents involved and the various procedures that need to be followed and
always consult the required medical personnel. Do not pour any chemicals down sink drains or
sewer grates.
QUESTIONS:
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ANSWERS:
1. Acids and alkalis, Toxic substances, Heat, and Injuries involving infectious material,
acid, saturated solution, acetic acid. 5% solution, Cotton wool and gauze, Mercurochrome
• Triangular bandages
• Safety pins
References
Amritage, Philip and Fasemore, Johnson. (1977). Laboratory Safety: A Science Teacher’s
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Chisman, Dennis (1987) Preliminary Issues, Practical Secondary Education: Planning for
Fahkru’l-Razi Ahmadun, Chuah Teong Guan and Mohd Halim Shah. 2005. Safety:
Principles & Practices in the Laboratory, Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.
Hegarty-Hazel, Elizabeth (1990), The Student Laboratory and the Science Curriculum: An
Overview, The Student Laboratory and the Science Curriculum, pt.1, pg.3.
Woolnough, Brian E. (1991). Setting the scene, Practical Science, pt.1, pg.6. Woolnough,
Brian E. (1991). Setting the scene, Practical Science, pt.1, pg. 13.
Woolnough, Brian E. (1991). Setting the scene, Practical Science, pt.1, pg. 14.
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