ADBMS Assignment-1

Name: Keyur Shah Roll No: 135 MBA Tech (IT) Div B

What is the difference between Parallel and Distributed Database?

System Components
Distributed DBMS consists of many Geo-distributed, low-bandwidth link connected, autonomic sites i.e Machines can be far from each other, e.g., in different continent Parallel DBMS consists of tightly coupled, high-bandwidth link connected, non-autonomic nodes i.e. Machines are physically close to each other, e.g., same server room.

Component Role
Sites in Distributed DBMS can work independently to handle local transactions or work together to handle global transactions. Nodes in Parallel DBMS can only work together to handle global transactions.

Design Purposes
Distributed DBMS is for: Sharing Data, Local Autonomy, High Availability Parallel DBMS is for: High Performance, High Availability

Architecture
Distributed DBMS is usually a shared nothing architecture Parallel DBMS can be shared-memory, shared-disk, or shared-nothing architecture

Connectivity
Distributed DBMS- Can be connected using public-purpose network, e.g., Internet Parallel DBMS -Machines connects with dedicated high-speed LANs and switches

Communication cost
Distributed DBMS- Communication cost and problems cannot be ignored Parallel DBMS -Communication cost is assumed to be small

What are the advantages of Distributed database?

Following are the advantages of having a distributed database:

Management of distributed data with different levels of transparency like network transparency, fragmentation transparency, replication transparency, etc. Increase reliability and availability Easier expansion Reflects organizational structure database fragments potentially stored within the departments they relate to Local autonomy or site autonomy a department can control the data about them (as they are the ones familiar with it) Protection of valuable data if there were ever a catastrophic event such as a fire, all of the data would not be in one place, but distributed in multiple locations Improved performance data is located near the site of greatest demand, and the database systems themselves are parallelized, allowing load on the databases to be balanced among servers. (A high load on one module of the database won't affect other modules of the database in a distributed database) Economics it may cost less to create a network of smaller computers with the power of a single large computer Modularity systems can be modified, added and removed from the distributed database without affecting other modules (systems) Reliable transactions - due to replication of the database Hardware, operating-system, network, fragmentation, DBMS, replication and location independence Continuous operation, even if some nodes go offline (depending on design) Distributed query processing can improve performance Distributed transaction management Single-site failure does not affect performance of system. All transactions follow A.C.I.D. property: o A-atomicity, the transaction takes place as a whole or not at all o C-consistency, maps one consistent DB state to another o I-isolation, each transaction sees a consistent DB o D-durability, the results of a transaction must survive system failures

What are the functions of distributed database management system?

Following are the functions of a distributed database management system: Location Transparency: A user can submit a query that accesses distributed objects without having to know where objects are. Performance Transparency: A query can be submitted from any node in a distributed DBMS and it will run with comparable performance. Copy Transparency: The system supports the optional existence of multiple copies of database objects. Transaction Transparency: A user can run an arbitrary transaction that updates data at any number of sites, and the transaction behaves exactly like a local on Atomicity is maintained. Fragmentation Transparency: A relation (class) can be divided into multiple sites according to specified distribution criteria. Schema Change Transparency: A user who adds or deletes a database object from a distributed database need make the change only once and does not need to change the catalog all sites.Local DBMS Transparency: The distributed database system provides services without regard for what local systems are actually managing local data.

Draw an ER Diagram for Classroom Booking System