Building Systems Wiring

Chapter -4-
Building Wiring Calculations

4-1. Introduction:
In this chapter it is required to plan the distribution system of the residential area. The planning of this area starts from inside the individual flats of the buildings. The various types of loads in the house like lighting, normal sockets (N.S), power sockets (P.S) and load break switches (L.B.S) are estimated according to the standard forms. The feeding circuits are defined and the main wiring c.s.a. are calculated. The mains wiring is generally built using insulated copper cables. The choice of conductor material is a compromise among electrical properties, mechanical properties, and price. From the start, copper has been the material of choice for household branch circuits. Aluminum is softer than copper and weaker, and a poorer electrical conductor, so is not widely used in small sizes for home wiring. Aluminum cable material is sometimes used (for economical reasons) for thick mains feeder cables coming from electrical utility to the mains distribution panel. The ratings of the sub-circuits' miniature circuit breakers (M.C.B) and the main circuit breaker of the flat or the villa as well as energy meter are selected. Any house that has been properly wired will have a circuit breaker panel used to shut circuits off in case they draw too much current. It is the current capacity of circuit breaker (in amperes) that determines how much current a circuit can supply. In case of an overload or a short-circuit on that circuit, the breaker trips and automatically shuts off power to that circuit. Ground fault circuit breakers offer protection against more than just overloads. After the load of the flat is being calculated, the diversified estimation of the total load of the building is made. The buildings are fed from distribution boxes via cables of suitable sizes, forming a part of the low voltage distribution network. The distribution boxes are fed from 11 KV/380 V distribution transformers, preferably in loops, to secure the continuity of supply to the distribution boxes and hence to the buildings. The distribution transformers are located in the appropriate sites and connected in loops to the 11KV Distribution points and the 66/11KV substation.
40
Chapter -4-
Detailed calculations and planning of the 380V low voltage distribution network, the 11KV medium voltage network as well as details of the 66/11KV substation feeding the area, are presented in the following chapters. Before this, the principles of lighting and wring are summarized in the following sections.
4-2.
Lighting background:
(4-2-1 )Importance of light: Light is the prime factor in the human life as all activities of human beings ultimately depend upon the light. Where there is no natural light, use of artificial is made. Lighting increases production and reduce accidents. (4-2-2) Basic Definitions: Candela International unit (SI) of luminous intensity; term evolved from considering a standard candle, similar to a plumber's candle, as the basis of evaluating the intensity of other light describe the relative intensity of a source . Candlepower Distribution Curve A graphic presentation of the distribution of light intensity of a lamp or luminaire. Illuminance (E) The quantity of light (measured in foot-candles, Lux, etc) at a point on a surface. Inverse Square Law Formula stating that illumination at a point on a surface varies directly with the intensity of a point source, and inversely as the square of the distance between the source and the point; it illustrates how the same quantity of light flux is distributed over a greater area as the distance from the source to the surface is increased. Light Loss Factor The product of all considered factors that contribute to a lighting system's depreciated light output over a period of time, including dirt and lamp lumen depreciation. Lumen The international unit of luminous flux or quantity of light. Luminaire A complete lighting unit consisting of a lamp (or lamps) together with the parts designed to distribute the light, position and protect the lamps, and connect them to the power supply. This is sometimes referred to as a "fixture".
41
Chapter -4Lamp efficiency It is the amount of output lumen per watt.
Lux (lumen/m2) SI (international system) unit of illumination. One lumen uniformly distributed over an area of one square meter. Mounting Height Distance from the bottom of the fixture to either the floor or work plane, depending on usage. Spacing to Mounting Height Ratio Ratio of fixture spacing (distance apart) to mounting height above the work plane. Sometimes it is called spacing criterion. A normal range is 1 1.5 (4-2-3) Requirements of a good lighting scheme: A good lighting scheme should fulfill the following: 1. Provide adequate illumination. 2. Provide uniform illumination allover the working plan. 3. Provide light of suitable color. 4. Avoid glare and hard shadows. (4-2-4): Factors affecting the illumination and wattage of a certain lamp: 1-Utilization factor (U.F): (0.2 0.6) It is the ratio of the lumen actually received to the total Lumens emitted by the source, it depends on: 1- Room dimensions. 2- Color of the walls. 3- Type of lighting scheme. 2- Maintenance factor (M.F): It is the ratio between illumination under normal working conditions to the illumination when every thing is clean. It depends on the rate of cleaning. M.F. = 0.8 for houses. = 0.3 for streets. = 0.6 0.7 for schools and shopping centers. 3- Waste factor: The ratio between the resultant illumination due to more than one luminaire to the summation of their illumination when they work individually. Waste factor is less than unity due to the loss when a place is illuminated by more than one source due to overlapping. 4- Reflection factor: Due to the fact that light reflected by an angle of incidence when impinged on a surface.
42
Chapter -45- Room index (k):
It is a factor that depends on the dimension of the room. It equals the ratio between the product of length (L) and breadth (W) of the room to the product of the mounting height (H) and the summation of the length and breadth of that room. L *W H * (L + W ) Generally K varies from 0.6 to 5.0 K= (4-2-5): Designing the lighting system: To produce a new lighting system in a construction, it must be designed. The designer must determine the desired light levels for tasks that are to be performed in a given space, then determine the light output that will be required to meet those objectives consistently, taking into account all the factors that degrade both light output and light levels over time. Equipment must then be chosen and placed in a layout to produce the desired light distribution. A- Types of lamps: The lighting design process in its most basic form entails identifying a task and then providing a light source that will provide proper quantity and quality of light for the task. The fixture protects the light source, connects it to the power source and distributes its light. The light source is the actual light-producing component of the lighting system. It may operate simply as a lamp (incandescent/halogen) or as a lamp powered by a ballast (fluorescent and high-intensity discharge [HID]).
I-Incandescent Lamps:
Incandescent light sources are the cheapest light sources. . Do not require a ballast It is based on the fact that current is passed through a filament, which heats until it glows Less efficacious light source Shorter service life than other light sources in most cases Filament is sensitive to vibrations Bulb can get very hot during operation Must be properly shielded because incandescent lamps can produce direct glare as a point source Require proper line voltage as line voltage variations can severely affect light output and service life An example of incandescent lamps is given in figure 4.1 Efficiency of incandescent is 14 lumen/watt.
43
Chapter -4-
Fig. 4.1 Incandescent lamps
ii-Fluorescent Lamps:

These lamps rely on the gaseous discharge method. Require a ballast Low surface brightness compared to point sources More efficacious compared to incandescent Ambient temperatures and convection currents can affect light output and life Options for starting methods and lamp current loadings Requires compatibility with ballast Low temperatures can affect starting unless"cold weather" ballast is specified. An example of fluorescent lamps is given in figure 4.2 Efficiency of fluorescent lamps is 46 lumen/watt
Fig. 4.2 Different types of Fluorescent lamps
44
Chapter -4-
iii- Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL):

It is a new and advanced lighting technology More efficient than incandescent lamps CFL use 70 - 75% less energy than their incandescent equivalents. When replacing a 100 watt incandescent lamp a 28 watt CFL is used. CFL last approximately 10,000 hours, which is 10 to 13 times the life of an incandescent lamp (expected life approximately 750 hours). Compact fluorescents are most cost-effective when used at least 2-3 hours per day. Although CFL may appear different than the common incandescent, they fit most standard fixtures found in homes today. The screw-in base is the same on both lamps. The typical incandescent lamp wastes 90% of the energy it uses, producing heat rather than light. CFL will provide the same amount of light (or lumens) at a fraction of the electricity used.
An example of CFL lamps is given in figure 4.3
Fig. 4.3Types of CFL lamps
B- Lighting Schemes: i- Direct Lighting In this type of lighting the light from the source falls directly on the object or the surface to be illuminated. ii- Semi-direct Lighting Only 60-90 % of the light reaches the working plan directly while the rest is reflected to illuminate the ceiling and walls. iii- Indirect Lighting: In this form of lighting, light doesn't reach the surface directly from the source but indirectly as the ceiling reflects the light. 90% of the light is directed upwards and only 10% reaches the working plane.
45
Chapter -4-
iv-Semi-Indirect Lighting Like the pervious type except that 75% of the light is directed upwards and 25% of it reaches the working plane. C- Requirements needed to specify right choice of perfect luminaire: First, the engineer must fully understand the demands of the application and conditions in the space that will affect the operation of the lighting system: Tasks to be performed in the space Desired light levels based on the tasks performed in the space Room size and dimensions Layout of furniture and obstructions such as partitions Special concerns such as safety and security Room and object surface colors and reflectances Hours of operation Cleanliness of the area during operation availability of daylight (4-2-6) Lighting loads calculations: illumenace * area U .F * M .F * efficiency Common figures of M.F and U.F are 0.8 and 0.4 respectively Approximate equation to calculate the required wattage for certain area and illumination are given by: Installed wattage = For incandescent lamp: Required installed wattage =0.2 x lux x area. Watt. Rating: 25 , 40 , 50 , 60 , 80 , 100 ,120,200 Watt Power factor = 1
For fluorescent lamp: Required installed wattage = 0.068 x lux x area. Rating: 20 , 40 Watt Power factor = 0.6
Watt.
N.B The recommended lux in every place is given in table 1 in the appendix of this chapter. The total light load on a line is given by: 0.66 (light loads on this line)
46
Chapter -4-
According to the standards, a minimum of two lighting lines are to be found in the flat. The Cu wire used for wiring of lighting circuits must be of a c.s.a not less than 2 mm2. We will use the 2 mm2 for flats and the 3 mm2 for villas.
4-3.
Socket Loads:
4.3.1 Normal sockets (N.S): They have different ratings, which can be used such as 3 Amp., 5A,10A the ratings of 3A,5A, can be used for bedrooms, entrance, balcony, which requires low electrical sets as T.V, radio and small electric fans...etc. In general we are going to use only the 5A sockets in all the rooms since this is more practical. 4.3.2 Power sockets (P.S): Sometimes we need some sockets to be used for special purposes like: full automatic washing cloth machines, air conditions, water heaters, dish washers, electric ovens and toasters. Such sockets are called power sockets and they require higher current rating and taking into consideration the starting period which increases the delivered current to a value higher than normal operation. To estimate the socket load for certain domestic units the following are to be considered: 1- Generally there are 2-5 sockets in the room. 2- Generally there are 5-8 normal sockets on a line. 3- Referring to the IEC standard specification, the ratings of sockets are: *M.C.B. rating for normal socket = 10 A *M.C.B. rating for power sockets = 16 A. or 26 A. 4- Calculate the normal socket loads on a line is according to the formula: Socket load on a line = 100% of largest normal socket rating on the line + (20% to 40%) of ratings of other normal sockets. 5- Each power socket has its own line. 6- Total socket load is given by the formula: Total socket load = 100% of largest M.C.B. Rating of sockets + (20% to 40%) of Rating of other M.C.B. 7- To make calculations more exact, we should expect the loads to be used and their power like: Radio cassette : 40w, 0.182 A T.V set: 65 w, 0.3 A Video: 30w, 0.137 A Vacuum cleaner: 800w, a p.f of 0.85 , 4.7 A fans :200w, a p.f of 0.85, 1.069 A Shaving Machine: 150w, 0.7 A Hair dryer: 600w, a p.f of 0.85, 3.2 A Small fridge to be placed in the bedroom: 80w, a p.f of 0.85, 0.43 A 47
Chapter -4
Fridge :160w, p.f of 0.85, 0.86 A Kitchen machine :600w, p.f of 0.85, 3.2 A Heater:1000w, 4.6 A Normal washing machines: 400w, p.f of 0.85, 2.14 A. Iron: 1000w, 4.64 A. Sound system: 800w, 3.64 A
4-4.
Calculations of the riser :
The riser is cable, which passes upward in each building for transmitting the electric power from the coffree of the building to each unit of this building, in other words, it starts from the fuse at the bottom of the house to the highest flat. It is a three phase cable made usually of copper and has a number of outputs equals to the number of floors, the output of riser is connected to the fuses which feeds this floor. Riser may be one cable or double cable depending on the height of the house, the number of flats and on the load of each flat. When choosing the riser we follow the next steps: 1- Calculating the KVA of the flat before diversification and use to determine the suitable diversification curve. 2- We have two methods to get the diversified KVA of the flat: a- Using the total number of flats in the building to get the diversified KVA of the flat. Multiply this diversified KVA by the number of flats in the building to get the total KVA of the building. Dividing this KVA by 3 380 we get the current that flows in the riser. b- Using the total number of flats on each phase to get the diversified KVA of the flat. Multiply this diversified KVA by the number of flats on the phase to get the total KVA per phase. Dividing this KVA by 220 we get the current that flows in the riser. 3- Assuming that the riser must never be loaded by more than 70% of its current ampacity, we can get the current ampacity of the riser by dividing the current obtained in the last step by 0.7 4- By knowing the value of the current ampacity and using the tables of cables attached in the appendix we can get the c.s.a of the riser and also the rating of the fuse used for protection. In general 3-ph risers that are used are of the following sizes: 10 mm2, 16mm2, 25mm2, 50mm2 and 70mm2. 5- Other services loads like water pumps, elevators (for buildings more than 6 floors) and stairs lighting are to be considered in our calculations. 6- A fuse is added for protection. 48
Chapter -4-
4-5.
General points to be considered in the design:
1- In distribution of loads among light circuits or socket circuits we should connect the rooms that are next to each other on the same subcircuit to avoid crossing between connections. Also it is recommended that the circuits of the same type are equally loaded. 2- Diversity factor between the sockets on the same line depends on some factors like the area of the flat, the larger the area the smaller the diversity factor used. 3- In calculating the required amount of light for the shaving mirror in the bathroom we consider the recommended lux to be half of that required for the bathroom yet the area is the same area of the bathroom. We use incandescent lamps for the shaving mirror. 4- Flats of area less than 90 m2 are considered as youth housing thus single phase energy meters are used in them. 5- The distribution of flats among riser phases is done in a way to make voltage drop on each phase exactly equal to other phases. 6- Single phase energy meters are of ratings 20A and 40A. Three phase energy meters are 320A, 325A, 340A and 380A (a catalog of Elsweedy Electrometer is attached in the appendix). 7- For the c.s.a of the neutral conductor, we follow the Egyptian Electric Code (EEC) which states " If the c.s.a of the phase conductor is less than or equal 16 mm2 then the neutral conductor is of the same c.s.a as the phase conductor. If the phase conductor is of c.s.a less than 35 mm2 then the neutral conductor is of c.s.a equal to the one preceding the concerned phase conductor. If the c.s.a of the phase conductor is more than or equal 50 mm2 then the c.s.a of the neutral conductor is half of the concerned phase conductor. 8- In general all our distribution of loads among the lines or the phases we must care that the loads are almost balanced as much as we can to avoid the unbalanced operation. 9- Low voltage fuses ratings are as follows: 2,4,6,8,10,16,20,25,32,35,40,50,63,80,100 and 125 according to ABB pocket book(switchgear manual), 8th edition.
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Chapter -4-
4-6. Types of buildings:

The present calculations are carried out for residential buildings of 4 types: a- Flat type (F) b- Flat type (J) c- Villa type (C) d- Villa type (E) It was assumed that we have 4,000 persons to be distributed in this residential district such that an average of 5 persons live in a flat while an average of 8 persons live in a villa. The percentages and number of flats required is given in the following table:
Villa
Required
Total no. of
required No. of units
Unit per
No. of floors
No. of units per building 15
Total no. of buildings
Type
Percentage
persons
floor
per building
Flat F
60 %
2400
480
32
Flat J
20 %
800
160
10
16
Villa C
10 %
400
50
50
Villa E
10 %
400
50
50
Remark: 1 unit =1 villa or 1 flat.
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Chapter -4-
4.6.1 Calculations for flat type (F): A- Lighting calculations:

The following rooms are found in flat (F)
Roo m no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Function of room Bedroom1 Bedroom2 Living room Balcony Kitchen Bedroom3 (main bedroom) Bathroom Shaving mirror 8 9 Hall Balcony 4.261.5 5.08*1.5 Area (m2) 3.094.01 3.094.01 5.083.00 1.920.96 2.753.00 4.263.38 1.923.5 lux 150 150 150 50 300 150 100 50 150 50 lamp used F F I I F I F I I I Req. wattage 126.39 126.39 457.20 18.43 168.30 431.96 45.70 67.20 191.70 76.20 No of lamps 340 W 340 W 660+160+160 W 1 25 W 440 W 4100 W 140 W 240 W 2100 W 1100 W Power (w) 120 120 480 25 160 400 40 80 200 100 Actual current (A) 0.91 0.91 2.18 0.11 1.21 1.82 0.30 0.36 0.91 0.45
Remarks: F means fluorescent, while I means incandescent.
Calculations of lighting circuits loads:

Lighting loads will be divided in 2 circuits
Circuit (1): L1
This circuit containing loads of rooms 1, 2, 3 and 9 L1 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (0.91+0.91+2.182+0.455) = 2.94 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.6 L1 = 4.7 Amps The M.C.B used =10 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 2 mm2
51
Chapter -4-
Circuit (2): L2
This circuit containing loads of rooms 4,5,6,7 and 8 L2 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (0.114+1.212+1.82+0.303+0.364+0.91) = 3.118 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.6 L2 = 5.0 Amps The M.C.B used =10 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 2 mm2
B- Sockets calculations:
- Since the area of the flat is less than 90 m2 and the flat is of youth housing we don't expect to have any power sockets in this flat. - The following loads are expected in the flat: >> Bedroom1: This is the kids' room, we expect the use of 1 fan of 200 W. >> Bedroom 2: We expect the use of 1 cassette of 40 W. >>Living room: We expect 1 TV set of 65 W and 1 fan of 200 W >>Balcony Since this balcony is very small and accompanied to the main bedroom so no need for sockets in it. >> Kitchen We expect the use of a fridge of 160 w and a kitchen machine of 600 w. >>Bedroom 3 (main bedroom): we expect the use of a fan of 200 w and a T.V of 65 w. >> Bathroom We expect the use of a normal washing machine of 400 w and a shaving machine of 150 w. >>Hall We expect the use of any appliance not more than 3 A. >> Balcony This is the main balcony and we may use a cassette in it.
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Chapter -4-
The result of the required sockets is tabulated in the following table: Room No. Room Function No. of N.S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 balcony 1
Bedrrom1 Bedroom2 1 1
Living balcony kitchen Bedroom3 bathroom Hall room 2 --------2 2 2 1
Sockets loads will be divided into to 2 circuits each with 6 normal sockets
Calculations of sockets circuits loads:
Circuit (3): NS1

This circuit contains the loads of rooms 1,2,3,8 and 9 NS1 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit)diversity factor = 5+0.3 5 5 = 12.5 A The M.C.B. used = 16 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2
Circuit (4): NS2

This circuit contains the loads of rooms 4,5,6,7 and 8 NS2 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit) diversity factor = 5+0.3 5 5 = 12.5 A The M.C.B. used = 16 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2 -
C- Calculation of the KVA of the flat:

Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = 16 + 0.3 16 = 20.8 Amps Total Lighting Load = L1 + L2 = 5.0 + 4.7 = 9.7 Amps Total Load of flat = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load = 30.5 Amps. The incoming M.C.B. used = 32 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 16 mm2 Energy meter is 40 A single phase meter.
53
Chapter -4KVA for one flat = 220 30.5 10-3 = 6.5 KVA. After using diversity curves (done for 15 units) Diversified KVA of the flat = 2.75 KVA / flat.
D- Riser Calculations:
Flat KVA = 2.75 KVA after diversity for 15 flats. Total number of flats in the building = 15 flats use one riser Total riser KVA = 2.75 x 15 = 41.25 KVA Phase KVA = 41.25/3 = 13.75 KVA Phase current = 13.75 x 1000 = 62.5 Amps 220
For safety considerations, the riser is loaded with 70%of its ampacity. \ I phase max = 62.5/0.7 = 89.3 Amps. From the tables attached:
Riser used is 3x50+ 25 mm2 Cu & the resistance per phase is 0.836x10-3 V/m.
Let auxiliary loads be: a- Water Pump = 1.5 HP, 0.85 p.f. KVA of the pump = KVA. b- Stairs lighting: if each floor uses one incandescent lamp of 100 W, p.f= 1, KVA of stairs lighting = 5 x 100 x 10-3= 0.5 KVA. Total KVA of the building = 41.25 + 1.32 + 0.5 = 43.1 KVA 1.5x 746 = 1.32 0.85
For protection we use a three phase fuse 80A. Building box is of rating 43.1 KVA.
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Chapter -4-
4.6.2 Calculations for flat type (J): A- Lighting calculations:

The following rooms are found in flat (J)
Room no. 1 2 Function of room Kitchen Bathroom Shaving mirror Bedroom1 (main bedroom) Bedroom2 (kids' bedroom) Balcony Living room Hall1 Dining room Area (m2) 3.483.63 2.731.9 lux 300 100 50 3.53.63 3.353.62 3.35*.88 3.35*.87 1.23.93 4.83.5 150 lamp used F F I I Req. wattage 257.70 35.27 51.87 381.15 No of lamps 340 +340 W 140 W 225 W 4100 W 340 W 160 W 225 +660 W 1100 W 660 +160 +160W Power (w) 240 40 50 400 Actual current (A) 1.82 0.30 0.23 1.82
4 5 6 7 8
150 50 150 130 150
F I I I I
123.70 62.98 388.94 122.62 504.00
120 60 410 100 480
0.91 0.27 1.86 0.45 2.18

Circuit (1): L1
This circuit containing loads of rooms 1, 2, 7 and 8 L1 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (1.82+0.303+0.455+2.182+0.227) = 3.29 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.52 L1 = 5 Amps The M.C.B used =10 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 2 mm2
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Chapter -4-
Circuit ( 2 ): L2
This circuit containing loads of rooms 3, 4, 5 and 6 L2 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (1.82+0.91+0.27+1.86) = 3.21 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.52 L2 = 4.88 Amps The M.C.B used =10 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 2 mm2
- Since the area of the flat is less than 90 m2 and the flat is of youth housing we don't expect to have any power sockets in this flat. - The following loads are expected in the flat: >> Kitchen: We expect the use of a fridge of 160 w and a kitchen machine of 600 w. >> Bathroom We expect the use of a normal washing machine of 400 w. >>Bedroom 1 (main bedroom): We expect the use of a fan of 200 w and a T.V of 65 w. >> Bedroom 2: This is the kids' room. We expect the use of a fan of 200w. >>Balcony (of the kids' room) We expect the use of any appliance of rating not more than 3 A. >>Living room: We expect 1 TV set of 65 W and 1 fan of 200 W >>Hall We expect the use of any appliance like a vacuum cleaner of 800w. >> Dinning room. We expect the use of a cassette of 40w and a fan of 200w.
56
Chapter -4-
The result of the required sockets is tabulated in the following table: Room No. Room Function No. of N.S 1 Kitchen 2 2 Bathroom 1 3 Bedroom 1 2 4 5 6 Living room 2 7 Hall 1 8 Dinning room 2
Bedroom Balcony 2 1 1
Sockets loads will be divided into to 2 circuits each with 6 normal sockets
Calculations of sockets circuits loads:
Circuit (3): NS1

This circuit contains the loads of rooms 1, 2, 7 and 8. NS1 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit)diversity factor = 5+0.3 5 5 = 12.5 A The M.C.B. used = 16 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2
Circuit (4): NS2

This circuit contains the loads of rooms 3, 4, 5 and 6 NS2 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit) diversity factor = 5+0.3 5 5 = 12.5 A The M.C.B. used = 16 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2 -
C- Calculation of the KVA of the flat:

Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = 16 + 0.3 16 = 20.8 Amps Total Lighting Load = L1 + L2 = 5.0 + 4.88 = 9.88 Amps Total Load of flat = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load = 30.68 Amps. The incoming M.C.B. used = 32 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 16 mm2 Energy meter is 40 A single phase meter. 57
Chapter -4KVA for one flat = 220 30.68 10-3 = 6.75 KVA. After using diversity curves (done for 10 units) Diversified KVA of the flat = 3.02 KVA / flat.
D- Riser Calculations:
Flat KVA = 3.02 KVA after diversity for 10 flats. Total number of flats in the building = 10 flats use one riser Total riser KVA = 3.02 x 10 = 30.2 KVA Phase KVA = 30.2/3 = 10.06 KVA Phase current = 10.06 x 1000 = 45.71 Amps 220
Riser used is 3x35+ 25 mm2 Cu & the resistance per phase is 1.097x10-3 V/m.
Let the auxiliary loads be: a- Water Pump = 1.5 HP, 0.85 p.f. KVA of the pump = KVA. b- Stairs lighting: if each floor uses one incandescent lamp of 100 W, p.f= 1, KVA of stairs lighting = 5 x 100 x 10-3= 0.5 KVA. Total KVA of the building = 30.2 + 1.32 + 0.5 = 32.02 KVA. And since phases R and S have only 3 flats on each while phase T has 4 flats, thus to cause relative balance between phases then we feed the auxiliary loads from either phase R or S. 1.5x 746 = 1.32 0.85
For protection we use a three phase fuse 63A. Building box is of rating 32.02 KVA.
58
Chapter -4-
4.6.3 Calculations for villa type (C):
I- 1st floor:
A- Lighting calculations:
The following rooms are found in the first floor of villa (C)
Room no. 1 2 Function of room Kitchen Bathroom Shaving mirror 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Living room Dinning room Salon Balcony Balcony Balcony Hall1 Stairs Entrance 1.52.8 4.54 3.54 3.54 3.51.5 4.51.5 0.82.8 7.751.5 Area (m2) 42.8 1.82.8 lux 300 100 50 150 150 150 50 50 50 100 50 100 lamp used F F I I I I I I I I I I Req. wattage 228.48 34.27 50.40 540.00 420.00 420.00 52.50 67.50 22.40 232.50 50.00 84.00 No of lamps 340 + 340 W 140 W 240 W 860 W +21*60 W 660 W + 2160 W 660 W + 2160 W 160 W 160 W 125 W 21100 W 160 W 1100 W Power (w) 240 40 80 600 480 480 60 60 25 200 60 100 Actual current (A) 1.82 0.30 0.36 2.73 2.18 2.18 0.27 0.27 0.11 0.91 0.27 0.45

L1
This circuit containing loads of areas 1, 2, 8, 10 and 11 L1 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (1.82+0.3+0.36+0.11+0.27+0.45) = 2.1846 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.6 L1 = 3.5 Amps The M.C.B used =10 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 3 mm2
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Chapter -4-
L2
This circuit containing loads of areas 3, 7 and 9 L2 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (2.73+0.27+0.91) = 2.581 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.6 L2 = 4.1296 Amps The M.C.B used =10 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 3 mm2
L3
- Normal Socket Lines: The following loads are expected in each area. >> Kitchen: We expect the use of a fridge of 160 w, a kitchen machine of 600 w and deep freezer of 160 w. >> Bathroom We expect the use of a hair dryer of 600w or a shaving machine of 150w. >>Living room: We expect a TV set of 65 W, a video of 30w and a cassette of 40w. >> Dinning room. We expect the use of a cassette of 40w and a fan of 200w. >>Salon: We expect the use of a T.V of 65w and a sound system of 800w >>Balconies of the salon, the living room and the bathroom: We expect the use of any appliance of rating not more than 3 A.
60
Chapter -4-
>>Hall 1: Since the hall is long we use at least two normal sockets one at each end. The result of the required sockets is tabulated in the following table: Room No. Room Function No. of N.S 1 Kitchen 3 2 Bathroom 1 3 Living room 3 4 Dinning room 2 5 Salon 2 6 Balcony 1 7 Balcony 1 8 Balcony 1 9 Hall1 2
Calculations of normal sockets circuits loads:

Normal sockets loads will be divided into to 3 circuits
NS1
This circuit contains the loads of rooms 1, 2 and 8. NS1 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit)diversity factor = 5+0.2 4 5 = 9 A The M.C.B. used = 10 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2
NS2
This circuit contains the loads of rooms 3, 7 and 9. NS2 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit) diversity factor = 5+0.2 5 5 = 10 A The M.C.B. used = 16 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2
NS3
This circuit contains the loads of rooms 4, 5 and 6.. NS3 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit) diversity factor = 5+0.2 4 5 = 9 A The M.C.B. used = 10 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2
61
Chapter -4- Power Socket Lines: The following loads are expected in each area.
1. PS1 For water heater in the kitchen: Let the water heater be 2000w thus the rated current will be 9.12A thus we use a power socket 16A and the MCB will be 16A with a copper wire of c.s.a 4 mm2. 2. PS2 For dish washer in the kitchen: Let the dish washer be 1500w with a power factor of 0.85 thus the rated current will be 8.5A and a starting current of 250% of the rated current thus we use a power socket 26A and the MCB will be 25A with a copper wire of c.s.a 6 mm2. 3. PS3 For A.C in the living room: Let the A.C be 2.25HP with a power factor of 0.85 thus the rated current will be 9.5A and a starting current of 250% of the rated current thus we use a Load break switch (L.B.S) 26A and the MCB will be 25A with a copper wire of c.s.a 6 mm2. 4. PS4 For A.C in the salon: Let the A.C be 2.25HP with a power factor of 0.85 thus the rated current will be 9.5A and a starting current of 250% of the rated current thus we use a Load break switch (L.B.S) 26A and the MCB will be 25A with a copper wire of c.s.a 6 mm2.
C- Distribution of the circuits among the phases:
Phase R S T
Light Lines L1 (3.5A) L2 (4.13A) L3 (4.9A)
Socket Lines NS1 (10A) PS1 (16A) PS2 (25A) NS2 (16A) PS3 (25A) NS3 (10A) PS4 (25A)
62
Chapter -4-
Calculations of phases current:

For phase R: Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = PS2+0.2 (NS1+PS1) = 30.2 Amps Total Lighting Load = L1 = 3.5 Amps Total Load of phase R for the 1st floor = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load = 33.7 Amps. For phase S: Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = PS3+0.2 NS2 = 28.2 Amps Total Lighting Load = L2 = 4.13 Amps Total Load of phase S for the 1st floor = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load = 32.33 Amps For phase T: Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = PS4+0.2 NS3 = 27.0 Amps Total Lighting Load = L3 = 4.9 Amps Total Load of phase T for the 1st floor = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load = 31.9 Amps
The incoming M.C.B.of the 1st floor panel board is 40 A (3 p) The copper wire used is of c.s.a 416 mm2
63
Chapter -4-
II- 2nd floor:

A- Lighting calculations:
The following rooms are found in the 2nd floor of villa (C)
Room no. 12 13 Function of room Kitchenette Bathroom Shaving mirror Bedroom1 (main bedroom) Bedroom2 Bedroom 3 Balcony Balcony Balcony Hall2 Area (m2) 42.8 1.82.8 lux 200 100 50 4.54 3.54 3.54 3.51.5 4.51.5 0.82.8 7.751.5 150 150 150 50 50 50 100 lamp used F F I I I F I I I I Req. wattage 152.32 34.27 50.40 540.00 420.00 142.80 52.50 67.50 22.40 232.50 No of lamps 340 W 140 W 240 W 4100 W+ 2160 W 4100 W 440 W 160 W 160 W 125 W 21100 W Power (w) 120 40 80 520 400 160 60 60 25 200 Actual current (A) 0.91 0.30 0.36 2.36 1.82 1.21 0.27 0.27 0.11 0.91
14 15 16 17 18 19 20

L4
This circuit containing loads of areas 12, 13, 19 and 20. L4 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (0.91+0.3+0.36+0.11+0.91) = 1.71 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.6 L4 = 2.74 Amps The M.C.B used =6 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 3 mm2
64
Chapter -4-
L5
This circuit containing loads of areas 14 and 18. L5 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (2.36+0.27) = 1.73 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.6 L5 = 2.78 Amps The M.C.B used =6 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 3 mm2
L6
This circuit containing loads of areas 15, 16 and 17. L6 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (1.82+1.21+0.27) = 2.2 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.6 L6 = 3.48 Amps The M.C.B used =6 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 3 mm2
- Normal Socket Lines: The following loads are expected in each area. >> Kitchenette: We expect the use of a small fridge of 80 w and a toaster of 800w >> Bathroom We expect the use of a hair dryer of 600w or a shaving machine of 150w and an air blower of 200w >>Bedroom1 (main bedroom): We expect a TV set of 65 W, a cassette of 40w, and a lighting spot of 100W. >> Bedroom2: We expect the use of a cassette of 40w and an iron of 1000w. >>Bedroom3: We expect the use of a T.V of 65w and a fan of 800w >>Balcony of bedroom3 We expect the use of a cassette of 40w >>Balcony of bedroom1 We expect the use of any appliance of not more than 3A 65
Chapter -4-
>>Balcony next to the bathroom: We expect the use of any appliance of not more than 3A >>Hall 2: Like we did in hall1, we use at least two normal sockets one at each end.
The result of the required sockets is tabulated in the following table: Room No. Room Function No. of N.S 1 Kitchen ette 2 2 Bathroom 2 3 Bedro om1 3 4 Bedroo m2 2 5 Bedro om3 2 6 Balcony 1 7 Balcony 1 8 Balcony 1 9 Hall2 2

Normal sockets loads will be divided into to 3 circuits
NS4
This circuit contains the loads of rooms 12, 13 and 19. NS4 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit)diversity factor = 5+0.2 4 5 = 9 A The M.C.B. used = 10 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2
NS5
66
Chapter -4-
NS6
- Power Socket Lines: The following loads are expected in each area. 1. PS5 for washing machine on the bathroom: Let the washing machine be 1500w with a power factor of 0.85 thus the rated current is 8.5 A and the starting current is 250% of the rated current thus we use a power socket of 26 A and the M.C.B is 25A with a copper wire of c.s.a 6 mm2 2. PS6 for an A.C in bedroom1: Let the A.C be 2.25 HP with a power factor of 0.85 thus the rated current will be 9.5A and a starting current of 250% of the rated current thus we use a Load break switch (L.B.S) 26A and the MCB will be 25A with a copper wire of c.s.a 6 mm2. 3. PS7 For an A.C in bedroom2: Let the A.C be 2.25HP with a power factor of 0.85 thus the rated current will be 9.5A and a starting current of 250% of the rated current thus we use a Load break switch (L.B.S) 26A and the MCB will be 25A with a copper wire of c.s.a 6 mm2.
Phase R S T
Light Lines L4 (2.74A) L5(2.78 A) L6(3.48A)
Socket Lines NS4(10A) PS5(25A) NS6(10A) PS6(25A) NS5(16A) PS7(25A)
67
Chapter -4-
Remark: in the 1st floor, load of phase R> load of phase S> load of phase T; thus in the 2nd floor we care that the opposite happens to cause a balance on the phase as a whole.

For phase R: Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = PS5+0.2 NS4 = 27 Amps Total Lighting Load = L4 = 2.74 Amps Total Load of phase R for the 2nd floor = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load = 29.74 Amps. For phase S: Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = PS6+0.2 NS6 = 27 Amps Total Lighting Load = L5 = 2.78 Amps Total Load of phase S for the 2nd floor = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load = 29.78 Amps For phase T: Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = PS7+0.2 NS5 = 28. Amps Total Lighting Load = L6 = 3.48 Amps Total Load of phase T for the 2nd floor = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load = 31.9 Amps The incoming M.C.B. of the 2nd floor panel board 40A (3p) The copper wire used is 416 mm2
D- Calculation of the KVA of the villa:

For the 1st floor; KVA of this floor is calculated as follows: KVAbottom = 220 (33.7+32.33+31.9) 10-3 = 21.54 KVA. For the 2nd floor; KVA of this floor is calculated as follows:
68
Chapter -4-
KVAupper = 220 (29.74+29.78+31.68) 10-3 = 20.06 KVA. Thus the KVA of the two floors after making the appropriate diversification between the loads of the two floors is 41 KVA. Let the garden lighting be 1.5 KVA. It will be connected to the phase S since it is the least loaded phase. Total KVA of the building = 41 + 1.5 = 42.5 KVA.
E- Riser Calculations:
Villa KVA without the garden lighting is 41 KVA. Total riser KVA = 41 KVA Phase KVA = 41/3 = 13.67 KVA Phase current = 13.67 x 1000 = 62.12 Amps 220
the riser used is 3x50 + 25 mm2 Cu & the resistance per phase is 0.836x10-3 V/m.
We use a three phase energy meter 3 80 A. For protection we use a three phase fuse 80A. Building box is of rating 42.5 KVA.
69
Chapter -4-
4.6.4 Calculations for villa type (E): A- Lighting calculations:

The following rooms are found in villa (E)
Room no. Function Of room Bedroom1 (main bedroom) Bedroom2 Salon Dinning room Hall1 Kitchen Bathroom Shaving mirror Hall2 W.C. Hall3 Hall4 Area (m2) 55 55 55 55 66.5 45 23 lux lamp used I F I I I F F I I F I I Req. wattage 600 255 750 750 780 359.04 40.8 60 80 16.32 150 150 No of lamps Power (w) 600 240 720 720 840 320 40 50 100 25 120 120 Actual current (A) 2.73 1.82 3.27 3.27 3.82 2.42 0.30 0.23 0.45 0.19 0.55 0.55
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
120 150 150 150 100 300 100 50
4100+21100 340 W+340 W 1060 W+2160 W 1060 W+2160 W 1060 W+4160 W 440+440 W 140 W 225 W 1100 W 125 W 160+160 W 160+160 W
8 9 10 11
22 21.2 51.5 51.5
100 100 100 100

L1
70
Chapter -4-
L2
This circuit containing loads of areas 2, 5, 7 and 8 L2 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (1.82+3.82+0.303+0.23+0.45) = 4.37 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.2 L2 = 5.244 Amps The M.C.B used =10 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 3 mm2
L3
This circuit containing loads of areas 4, 6, 9 and 10 L3 = 0.66 actual currents of the rooms in the circuit) = 0.66 (3.27+2.42+0.189+0.55) = 3.06 Amps. And for safety and good design; we take a safety factor of 1.2 L3 = 5.088 Amps The M.C.B used =10 Amps The Copper wire used is of c.s.a 3 mm2
- Normal Socket Lines: The following loads are expected in each area. >>Bedroom1 (main bedroom): We expect a TV set of 65 W, a small fridge of 80w, and a cassette of 40w. >> Bedroom2: We expect the use of a cassette of 40w and an iron of 1000w. >>Salon: We expect the use of a T.V of 65w, a video of 30w and a sound system of 800w. >> Dinning room. We expect the use of a cassette of 40w and a fan of 200w. >>Hall 1: Since the area is big (6.5 6m2) thus we must spread at least two or three sockets in this area so that the user can use the required appliance
71
Chapter -4-
wherever he wishes in the hall. We expect the use of a cassette of 40w, a vacuum cleaner of 800w and any other appliance not exceeding 3A. >> Kitchen: We expect the use of a fridge of 160 w, a kitchen machine of 600 w and deep freezer of 160 w. >> Bathroom We expect the use of a hair dryer of 600w or a shaving machine of 150w >>Hall 2: We expect the use of any appliance of 3A. >> W.C We expect the use of a hair dryer of 600w or a shaving machine of 150w >> Hall3: We expect the use of any appliance of 3A. >> Hall4 We expect the use of any appliance of 3A. The result of the required sockets is tabulated in the following table: Room No. Room No. of N.S 1 Bedroom 1 3 2 bedroom 2 2 3 salon 3 4 Dinning room 2 5 Hall 1 3 6 kitchen 3 7 bathroom 1 8 Hall 2 1 9 W.C 1 10 Hall 3 1 11 Hall 4 1

Normal sockets loads will be divided into to 3 circuits with 7 sockets on each circuit.
NS1
This circuit contains the loads of rooms 1, 3 and 11 NS1 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit)diversity factor = 5+0.2 6 5 = 11 A The M.C.B. used = 16 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2
72
Chapter -4-
NS2
This circuit contains the loads of rooms 2, 5, 7 and 8 . NS2 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit) diversity factor = 5+0.2 6 5 = 11 A The M.C.B. used = 16 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2
NS3
This circuit contains the loads of rooms 4, 6, 9 and 10. NS3 = largest rating socket in ampere + ( the rest sockets ratings in ampere of the rooms in the circuit) diversity factor = 5+0.2 6 5 = 11 A The M.C.B. used = 16 A The copper wire used is of c.s.a 4 mm2
- Power Socket Lines: The following loads are expected in each area. 4-1. PS1 For A.C in bedroom1: Let the A.C be 2.25HP with a power factor of 0.85 thus the rated current will be 9.5A and a starting current of 250% of the rated current thus we use a Load break switch (L.B.S) 26A and the MCB will be 25A with a copper wire of c.s.a 6 mm2. 4-2. PS2 For A.C in bedroom2: Let the A.C be 2.25HP with a power factor of 0.85 thus the rated current will be 9.5A and a starting current of 250% of the rated current thus we use a Load break switch (L.B.S) 26A and the MCB will be 25A with a copper wire of c.s.a 6 mm2. 4-3. PS3 For A.C in the salon: Let the A.C be 2.25HP with a power factor of 0.85 thus the rated current will be 9.5A and a starting current of 250% of the rated current thus we use a Load break switch (L.B.S) 26A and the MCB will be 25A with a copper wire of c.s.a 6 mm2. 4-4. PS4 For water heater in the kitchen: Let the water heater be 1500w thus the rated current will be 6.82A thus we use a power socket 10A and the MCB will be 10A with a copper wire of c.s.a 4 mm2. 73
Chapter -4-
4-5. PS5 for washing machine on the bathroom: Let the washing machine be 1500w with a power factor of 0.85 thus the rated current is 8.5 A and the starting current is 250% of the rated current thus we use a power socket of 26 A and the M.C.B is 25A with a copper wire of c.s.a 6 mm2
Phase R S T
Light Lines L1 (5.1876A) L2 (5.244A) L3 (5.088A)
Socket Lines NS1 (16A) PS1 (25A) NS2 (16A) PS2 (25A) NS3 (16A) PS5(25A) PS4 (10A)

For phase R: Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = PS1+0.2 NS1 = 28.2 Amps Total Lighting Load = L1 = 5.1876 Amps Total Load of phase R for the 1st floor = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load = 33.3876 Amps. For phase S: Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = PS2+0.2 NS2 = 28.2 Amps Total Lighting Load = L2 = 5.244 Amps
Total Load of phase S for the 1st floor = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load 74
Chapter -4-
Building Wiring Calculations = 33.44 Amps
For phase T: Total Socket Load = largest rating M.C.B in amperes + ( the rest M.C.B ratings in amperes) diversity factor. = PS5+0.2 (NS3 + PS4) = 30.2 Amps Total Lighting Load = L3 = 5.088 Amps Total Load of phase T for the 1st floor = Total Socket Load + Total Lighting Load = 35.288 Amps The incoming M.C.B. 40A (3p) The copper wire used is 416 mm2
D- Calculation of the KVA of the villa:

KVAvilla = 220 (33.3876 + 33.44 + 35.288) 10-3 = 22.5 KVA. Let the garden lighting be 1.5 KVA. It will be connected to the phase R since it is the least loaded phase. Total KVA of the building = 22.5 + 1.5 = 24 KVA.
E- Riser Calculations:
Villa KVA without the garden lighting is 22.5 KVA. Total riser KVA = 22.5 KVA Phase KVA = 22.5/3 = 7.5 KVA Phase current = 7.5 x 1000 = 34.1 Amps 220
For safety considerations, the riser is loaded with 70%of its ampacity. \ I phase max = 34.1/0.7 =48.7 Amps. From the tables attached:
The riser used is 3x25 + 16 mm2 Cu
We use a three phase energy meter 3 40A. For protection we use a three phase fuse 50A. Building box is of rating 24 KVA.
75
Chapter -4-
4-7. Summary of results

The load and the number of each building type are summarized in the following table:
Building type Flat type (F) Flat type (J) Villa type (C) Villa type (E)
Load of the building (KVA) 43.1 32.02 42.5 24
No. of buildings required 32 16 50 50
76

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Chapter -4-

Building Wiring Calculations

Building Wiring Calculations

Building Wiring Calculations

Chapter -4Lamp efficiency It is the amount of output lumen per watt.

Building Wiring Calculations

Chapter -45- Room index (k):

Building Wiring Calculations

Building Wiring Calculations

Fig. 4.1 Incandescent lamps

Fig. 4.2 Different types of Fluorescent lamps

Building Wiring Calculations

iii- Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFL):

An example of CFL lamps is given in figure 4.3

Fig. 4.3Types of CFL lamps

Building Wiring Calculations

Building Wiring Calculations

Building Wiring Calculations

Calculations of the riser :

Building Wiring Calculations

General points to be considered in the design:

Building Wiring Calculations

4-6. Types of buildings:

required No. of units

No. of units per building 15

Total no. of buildings

Remark: 1 unit =1 villa or 1 flat.

Building Wiring Calculations

4.6.1 Calculations for flat type (F): A- Lighting calculations:

Remarks: F means fluorescent, while I means incandescent.

Calculations of lighting circuits loads:

Building Wiring Calculations

Building Wiring Calculations

Living balcony kitchen Bedroom3 bathroom Hall room 2 --------2 2 2 1

Calculations of sockets circuits loads:

Circuit (3): NS1

Circuit (4): NS2

C- Calculation of the KVA of the flat:

Building Wiring Calculations

Building Wiring Calculations

4.6.2 Calculations for flat type (J): A- Lighting calculations:

150 50 150 130 150

123.70 62.98 388.94 122.62 504.00

120 60 410 100 480

0.91 0.27 1.86 0.45 2.18

Remarks: F means fluorescent, while I means incandescent.

Calculations of lighting circuits loads:

Building Wiring Calculations

Building Wiring Calculations

Calculations of sockets circuits loads:

Circuit (3): NS1

Circuit (4): NS2

C- Calculation of the KVA of the flat:

Building Wiring Calculations

Building Wiring Calculations

4.6.3 Calculations for villa type (C):

Remarks: F means fluorescent, while I means incandescent.

Calculations of lighting circuits loads:

Building Wiring Calculations

Building Wiring Calculations

Calculations of normal sockets circuits loads:

Building Wiring Calculations

C- Distribution of the circuits among the phases: