IBM Software

An IBM Proof of Technology

Hadoop Basics with InfoSphere BigInsights

Lesson 2: Hadoop architecture

An IBM Proof of Technology

Catalog Number

Copyright IBM Corporation, 2013 US Government U er !e tri"te# !ight $ U e, #upli"ation or #i "lo ure re tri"te# by GS% %&' S"he#ule Contra"t (ith IBM Corp)

IBM So*t(are

Contents
Lab 1Exploring Hadoop Distributed File System...................................................................................................4 1)1Getting Starte#))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))+ 1)2,-ploring .a#oop &i tribute# /ile Sy tem 01erminal2)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))3 1)2)1U ing the "omman# line Inter*a"e)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))3 1)3,-ploring .a#oop &i tribute# /ile Sy tem 04eb Con ole2))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1+ 1)3)1U ing the 4eb Con ole)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))1+ 1)3)24or5ing (ith the 4el"ome page)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))16 1)3)3%#mini tering BigIn ight )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))17 1)3)8In pe"ting the tatu o* your "lu ter))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))17 1)3)+Starting an# topping a "omponent)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))13 1)3)64or5ing (ith /ile ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))20 1)8Summary)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))28

Content

'age 3

IBM So*t(are

Lab 1

Exploring Hadoop Distributed File System

1he over(helming tren# to(ar# #igital ervi"e , "ombine# (ith "heap torage, ha generate# ma ive amount o* #ata that enterpri e nee# to e**e"tively gather, pro"e , an# analy9e) &ata analy i te"hni:ue *rom the #ata (arehou e an# high$per*orman"e "omputing "ommunitie are invaluable *or many enterpri e , ho(ever o*ten time their "o t or "omple-ity o* "ale$up #i "ourage the a""umulation o* #ata (ithout an imme#iate nee#) % valuable 5no(le#ge may neverthele be burie# in thi #ata, relate# "ale#$up te"hnologie have been #evelope#) ,-ample in"lu#e Google; Map!e#u"e, an# the open$ our"e implementation, %pa"he .a#oop) .a#oop i an open$ our"e pro<e"t a#mini tere# by the %pa"he So*t(are /oun#ation) .a#oop; "ontributor (or5 *or ome o* the (orl#; bigge t te"hnology "ompanie ) 1hat #iver e, motivate# "ommunity ha pro#u"e# a "ollaborative plat*orm *or "on oli#ating, "ombining an# un#er tan#ing #ata) 1e"hni"ally, .a#oop "on i t o* t(o 5ey ervi"e = #ata torage u ing the .a#oop &i tribute# /ile Sy tem 0.&/S2 an# large$ "ale parallel #ata pro"e ing u ing a te"hni:ue "alle# Map!e#u"e) %*ter "ompleting thi han# $on lab, you (ill be able to= U e .a#oop "omman# to e-plore .&/S on the .a#oop y tem U e 4eb Con ole to e-plore .&/S on the .a#oop y tem e"tion o* lab)

%llo( 8+ minute to 1 hour "omplete thi

1hi ver ion o* the lab (a #e igne# u ing the In*oSphere BigIn ight 2)1 >ui"5 Start ,#ition) 1hroughout thi lab you (ill be u ing the *ollo(ing a""ount login in*ormation=

Username ?M image etup "reen @inuroot bia#min

Password pa (or# bia#min

'age 8

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

IBM So*t(are

1.1

Getting Started
o* getting all o* the .a#oop

1o prepare *or the "ontent o* thi lab, you mu t go through the pro"e "omponent tarte# AA1)

Start the ?M(are image by "li"5ing the 'lay virtual ma"hine button in the ?M(are 'layer i* it i not alrea#y on)

AA2)

@og in to the ?M(are virtual ma"hine u ing the *ollo(ing "re#ential ) U er= bia#min 'a (or#= bia#min

.an# $on$@ab

'age +

IBM So*t(are

AA3)

%*ter you log in, your "reen houl# loo5 imilar to the one belo()

Be*ore (e "an tart (or5ing (ith .a#oop &i tribute# /ile y tem, (e mu t *ir t tart all the Bigin ight "omponent ) 1here are t(o (ay o* #oing thi , through terminal an# through imply #ouble$"li"5ing an i"on) Both o* the e metho# (ill be ho(n in the *ollo(ing tep ) AA8) No( open the terminal by #ouble "li"5ing the BigInsights Shell i"on)

AA+)

Cli"5 on the Terminal i"on

'age 6

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

IBM So*t(are

AA6)

Bn"e the terminal ha been opene# "hange to the CBIGINSIG.1SA.BM,Dbin #ire"tory 0(hi"h by #e*ault i DoptDibmDbigin ight 2 cd $BIGINSIGHTS_HOME/bin or cd /opt/ibm/biginsights/bin

AAE)

Start the .a#oop "omponent 0#aemon 2 on the BigIn ight erver) Fou "an pra"ti"e tarting all "omponent (ith the e "omman# ) 'lea e note that they (ill ta5e a *e( minute to run) ./start-all.sh

AA7)

Sometime "ertain ha#oop "omponent may *ail to tart) Fou "an tart an# top the *aile# "omponent one at a time by u ing start.sh an# stop.sh re pe"tively) /or e-ample to tart an# top .ive u e= ./start.sh hi ! ./stop.sh hi !

Noti"e that in"e .ive #i# not initially *ail, the terminal i telling u that .ive i alrea#y running)

.an# $on$@ab

'age E

IBM So*t(are

AA3)

Bn"e all "omponent have tarte# u""e *ully you may move on)

AA10)

I* you (oul# li5e to top all "omponent e-e"ute the "omman# belo() .o(ever, *or thi lab plea e leave all "omponent tarte#) ./stop-all.sh Ne-t, let u loo5 at ho( you (oul# tart all the "omponent by #ouble$"li"5ing an i"on)

AA11)

&ouble$"li"5ing on the Start BigInsights i"on (oul# e-e"ute a "ript that #oe the above mentione# tep ) Bn"e all "omponent are tarte# the terminal e-it an# you are et) Simple)

AA12)

4e "an top the "omponent in a imilar manner, by #ouble$"li"5ing on the Stop Biginsights i"on) 01o the right o* Start BigInsights i"on2

No( that are "omponent are tarte# you may move on to the ne-t e"tion)

'age 7

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

IBM So*t(are

1.2

Exploring Hadoop Distributed ile S!ste" #$er"inal%

.a#oop &i tribute# /ile Sy tem 0.&/S2 allo( u er #ata to be organi9e# in the *orm o* *ile an# #ire"torie ) It provi#e a "omman# line inter*a"e "alle# /S hell that let a u er intera"t (ith the #ata in .&/S a""e ible to .a#oop Map!e#u"e program ) 1here are t(o metho# to intera"t (ith .&/S= 1) Fou "an u e the "omman#$line approa"h an# invo5e the /ileSy tem 0* 2 hell u ing the *ormat= hadoop fs <args> 2) Fou "an al o manipulate .&/S u ing the BigIn ight 4eb Con ole) 4e (ill be u ing both metho# in thi lab

1.2.1

Using the command line nter!ace

4e (ill tart (ith the hadoop fs -ls "omman#, (hi"h return the li t o* *ile an# #ire"torie (ith permi ion in*ormation) ,n ure the .a#oop "omponent are all tarte#, an# *rom the ame terminal (in#o( a be*ore 0an# logge# on a bia#min2, *ollo( the e in tru"tion AA1) @i t the "ontent o* the root #ire"tory) hadoop "s -ls /

AA2)

1o li t the "ontent o* the Du erDbia#min #ire"tory, e-e"ute= hadoop "s -ls or hadoop "s -ls /#s!r/biadmin

.an# $on$@ab

'age 3

IBM So*t(are

Note that in the *ir t "omman# there (a no #ire"tor re*eren"e#, but it i e:uivalent to the e"on# "omman# (here Du erDbia#min i e-pli"itly pe"i*ie#) ,a"h u er (ill get it o(n home #ire"tory un#er Du er) /or e-ample, in the "a e o* u er bia#min, the home #ire"tory i Du erDbia#min) %ny "omman# (here there i no e-pli"it #ire"tory pe"i*ie# (ill be relative to the u er; home #ire"tory) U er pa"e in the native *ile y tem 0@inu-2 i generally *oun# un#er DhomeDbia#min or Du rDbia#min, but in .&/S u er pa"e i Du erDbia#min 0 pelle# a Gu erH rather than Gu rH2)

AA3)

1o "reate the #ire"tory test you "an i ue the *ollo(ing "omman#= hadoop "s -m$dir t!st

AA8)

ue the l "omman# again to ee the ub#ire"tory test=

hadoop "s -ls /#s!r/biadmin

'age 10

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

IBM So*t(are

1he re ult o* ls here i imilar to that *oun# (ith @inu-, e-"ept *or the e"on# "olumn 0in thi "a e either G1H or G$G2) 1he G1H in#i"ate the repli"ation *a"tor 0generally G1H *or p eu#o$#i tribute# "lu ter an# G3H *or #i tribute# "lu ter 2I #ire"tory in*ormation i 5ept in the nameno#e an# thu not ub<e"t to repli"ation 0hen"e G$G2) 1o u e .&/S "omman# re"ur ively generally you a## an GrH to the .&/S "omman#) AA+) /or e-ample, to #o a re"ur ive li ting (eJll u e the $l r "omman# rather than <u t $l , li5e the e-ample belo() hadoop "s -ls /#s!r hadoop "s -lsr /#s!r

AA6)

Fou "an pipe 0u ing the K "hara"ter2 any .&/S "omman# to be u e# (ith the @inu- hell) /or e-ample, you "an ea ily u e grep (ith .&/S by #oing the *ollo(ing) hadoop "s -m$dir /#s!r/biadmin/t!st% hadoop "s -ls /#s!r/biadmin & gr!p t!st

% you "an ee the grep "omman# only returne# the line (hi"h ha# Gte tH in them 0thu removing the G/oun# - item H line an# the other #ire"torie *rom the li ting)

.an# $on$@ab

'age 11

IBM So*t(are

AAE)

1o move *ile bet(een your regular @inu- *ile y tem an# .&/S you "an u e the put an# get "omman# ) /or e-ample, move the te-t *ile !,%&M, to the ha#oop *ile y tem= hadoop "s -p#t /hom!/biadmin/'E()ME 'E()ME hadoop "s -ls /#s!r/biadmin

Fou houl# no( ee a ne( *ile "alle# Du erDbia#minD!,%&M, li te# a AA7)

ho(n above)

In or#er to vie( the "ontent o* thi *ile u e the $"at "omman# a *ollo( = hadoop "s -cat 'E()ME Fou houl# ee the output o* the !,%&M, *ile 0that i tore# in .&/S2) 4e "an al o u e the linu- #i** "omman# to ee i* the *ile (e put in .&/S i a"tually the ame a the original on the lo"al *ile y tem)

AA3)

,-e"ute the "omman# belo( to u e the #i** "omman#) cd /hom!/biadmin/ di"" *+ hadoop "s -cat 'E()ME , 'E()ME

Sin"e the #i** "omman# pro#u"e no output (e 5no( that the *ile are the ame 0the #i** "omman# print all the line in the *ile that #i**er2) 1o *in# the i9e o* *ile you nee# to u e the $#u or $#u "omman# ) Leep in min# that the e "omman# return the *ile i9e in byte )

'age 12

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

IBM So*t(are

AA10)

1o *in# the i9e o* the !,%&M, *ile u e the *ollo(ing "omman#) hadoop "s -d# 'E()ME

AA11)

1o *in# the i9e o* all *ile in#ivi#ually in the Du erDbia#min #ire"tory u e the *ollo(ing "omman#= hadoop "s -d# /#s!r/biadmin

AA12)

1o *in# the i9e o* all *ile in total o* the Du erDbia#min #ire"tory u e the *ollo(ing "omman#) hadoop "s -d#s /#s!r/biadmin

AA13)

I* you (oul# li5e to get more in*ormation about ha#oop * "omman# , invo5e $help a *ollo( ) hadoop "s -h!lp

.an# $on$@ab

'age 13

IBM So*t(are

AA18)

/or pe"i*i" help on a "omman#, a## the "omman# name a*ter help) /or e-ample, to get help on the #u "omman# youJ# #o the *ollo(ing) hadoop "s -h!lp d#s

4e are no( #one (ith the terminal e"tion, you may "lo e the terminal)

'age 18

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

IBM So*t(are

1.&

Exploring Hadoop Distributed ile S!ste" #'eb (onsole%

1he *ir t tep to a""e ing the BigIn ight 4eb Con ole i to laun"h all o* the BigIn ight pro"e e 0.a#oop, .ive, Bo9ie, MapD!e#u"e et")2 1hey houl# have been tarte# at the beginning o* thi lab)

1.".1
AA1)

Using the #eb $onsole

Start the 4eb Con ole by #ouble$"li"5ing on the BigInsights WebConsole icon)

AA2)

?eri*y that your 4eb "on ole appear imilar to thi , an# note ea"h e"tion= Tasks= :ui"5 a""e to popular BigIn ight ta 5 , Qu ck ! nks= @in5 to internal an# e-ternal :ui"5 lin5 an# #o(nloa# to enhan"e your environment, an# !earn More= Bnline re our"e available to learn more about BigIn ight

.an# $on$@ab

'age 1+

IBM So*t(are

1.".2

#or%ing &ith the #elcome page

1hi e"tion intro#u"e you to the 4eb "on oleJ main page #i playe# through the 4el"ome tab) 1he 4el"ome page *eature lin5 to "ommon ta 5 , many o* (hi"h "an al o be laun"he# *rom other area o* the "on ole) In a##ition, the 4el"ome page in"lu#e lin5 to popular e-ternal re our"e , u"h a the BigIn ight In*oCenter 0pro#u"t #o"umentation2 an# "ommunity *orum) FouJll e-plore everal a pe"t o* thi page) AA3) In the 4el"ome 1ab, the 1a 5 pane allo( you to :ui"5ly a""e " ew# start or stop a ser$ ce task) I* ne"e ary "roll #o(n) "ommon ta 5 ) Sele"t the

AA8) AA+)

1hi ta5e you to the Cluster %tatus tab) .ere, you "an top an# tart .a#oop ervi"e , a (ell a gain a##itional in*ormation a ho(n in the ne-t e"tion Cli"5 on the &elcome tab to return ba"5 to the main page)

'age 16

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

IBM So*t(are

AA6)

In pe"t the Qu ck ! nks pane at top right an# u e it verti"al "roll bar 0i* ne"e ary2 to be"ome *amiliar (ith the variou re our"e a""e ible through thi pane) 1he *ir t everal lin5 imply a"tivate #i**erent tab in the 4eb "on ole, (hile ub e:uent lin5 enable you to per*orm et$up *un"tion , u"h a a##ing BigIn ight plug$in to your ,"lip e #evelopment environment)

AAE)

In pe"t the !earn More pane at lo(er right) @in5 in thi area a""e e-ternal 4eb re our"e that you may *in# u e*ul, u"h a the %""elerator #emo an# #o"umentation, BigIn ight In*oCenter, a publi" #i "u ion *orum, IBM upport, an# IBMJ BigIn ight pro#u"t ite) I* #e ire#, "li"5 on one or more o* the e lin5 to ee (hatJ available to you

.an# $on$@ab

'age 1E

IBM So*t(are

1."."

'dministering (ig nsights

1he 4eb "on ole allo( a#mini trator to in pe"t the overall health o* the y tem a (ell a per*orm ba i" *un"tion , u"h a tarting an# topping pe"i*i" erver 0or "omponent 2, a##ing no#e to the "lu ter, an# o on) Fou;ll e-plore a ub et o* the e "apabilitie here)

1.".4
AA7)

nspecting the status o! your cluster

Cli"5 on the Cluster %tatus tab at the top o* the page to return to the Clu ter Statu (in#o(

AA3)

In pe"t the overall tatu o* your "lu ter) 1he *igure belo( (a ta5en on a ingle$no#e "lu ter that ha# everal ervi"e running) Bne ervi"e M Monitoring $$ (a unavailable) 0I* you in talle# an# tarte# all BigIn ight ervi"e on your "lu ter, your #i play (ill ho( all ervi"e to be running2

AA10)

Cli"5 on the .ive ervi"e an# note the #etaile# in*ormation provi#e# *or thi ervi"e in the pane at right) /rom here, you "an tart or top the hive ervi"e 0or any ervi"e you ele"t2 #epen#ing on your nee# ) /or e-ample, you "an ee the U!@ *or .iveJ 4eb inter*a"e an# it pro"e I&)

'age 17

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

IBM So*t(are

AA11)

Bptionally, "ut$an#$pa te the U!@ *or .ive; 4eb inter*a"e into a ne( tab o* your bro( er) FouJll ee an open our"e tool provi#e# (ith .ive *or a#mini tration purpo e , a ho(n belo()

AA12)

Clo e thi tab an# return to the Cluster %tatus e"tion o* the BigIn ight 4eb "on ole

1.".)
AA13) AA18)

Starting and stopping a component

I* ne"e ary, "li"5 on the .ive ervi"e to #i play it tatu )

In the pane to the right 0(hi"h #i play the .ive tatu 2, "li"5 the re# Stop button to top the ervi"e

AA1+)

4hen prompte# to "on*irm that you (ant to top the .ive ervi"e, "li"5 '( an# (ait *or the operation to "omplete) 1he right pane houl# appear imilar to the *ollo(ing image

AA16)

!e tart the .ive ervi"e by "li"5ing on the green arro( <u t beneath the .ive Statu hea#ing) 0See the previou *igure)2 4hen the operation "omplete , the 4eb "on ole (ill in#i"ate that .ive i running again, li5ely un#er a pro"e I& that #i**er *rom the earlier .ive pro"e I& ho(n at the beginning o* thi lab mo#ule) 0Fou may nee# to u e the !e*re h button o* your 4eb bro( er to reloa# in*ormation #i playe# in the le*t pane)2

.an# $on$@ab

'age 13

IBM So*t(are

1.".*

#or%ing &ith Files

1he ) les tab o* the "on ole enable you to e-plore the "ontent o* your *ile y tem, "reate ne( ub#ire"torie , uploa# mall *ile *or te t purpo e , an# per*orm other *ile$relate# *un"tion ) In thi mo#ule, you;ll learn ho( to per*orm u"h ta 5 again t the .a#oop &i tribute# /ile Sy tem 0.&/S2 o* BigIn ight ) AA1E) Cli"5 on the ) les tab o* the "on ole to begin e-ploring your #i tribute# *ile y tem)

AA17)

,-pan# the #ire"tory tree ho(n in the pane at le*t 0*user*+ adm n,) I* you alrea#y uploa#e# *ile to .&/S, you;ll be able to navigate through the #ire"tory to lo"ate them)

AA13)

Be"ome *amiliar (ith the *un"tion provi#e# through the i"on at the top o* thi pane, a (eJll re*er to ome o* the e in ub e:uent e"tion o* thi mo#ule) Simply point your "ur or at the i"on to learn it *un"tion) /rom le*t to right, the i"on enable you to Copy a *ile or #ire"tory, move a *ile, "reate a #ire"tory, rename, uploa# a *ile to .&/S, #o(nloa# a *ile *rom .&/S to your lo"al *ile y tem, #elete a *ile *rom .&/S, et permi ion , open a "omman# (in#o( to laun"h .&/S hell "omman# , an# re*re h the 4eb "on ole page

'age 20

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

IBM So*t(are

AA20)

'o ition your "ur or on the user*+ adm n #ire"tory an# "li"5 the Create - rectory i"on to "reate a ub#ire"tory *or te t purpo e

AA21)

4hen a pop$up (in#o( appear prompting you *or a #ire"tory name, enter Console!a+ an# "li"5 '(

AA22)

,-pan# the #ire"tory hierar"hy to veri*y that your ne( ub#ire"tory (a "reate#)

AA23) AA28)

Create another #ire"tory name# Con ole@ab1e t) U e the .ename i"on to rename thi #ire"tory to Con ole@ab1e t2

.an# $on$@ab

'age 21

IBM So*t(are

AA2+)

Cli"5 the Mo$e i"on, (hen the pop up Mo$e "reen appear an# "li"5 '()

ele"t the Con ole@ab #ire"tory

AA26)

U ing the set perm ss on i"on, you "an "hange the permi ion etting *or your #ire"tory) 4hen *ini he# "li"5 '()

'age 22

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

IBM So*t(are

AA2E)

4hile highlighting the Con ole@ab1e t2 *ol#er, ele"t the .emo$e i"on an# #elete the #ire"tory)

AA27)

!emain in the Con ole@ab #ire"tory, an# "li"5 the Upload i"on to uploa# a mall ample *ile *or te t purpo e )

AA23) AA30)

4hen the pop$up (in#o( appear , "li"5 the Browse button to bro( e your lo"al *ile y tem *or a ample *ile) Navigate through your lo"al *ile y tem to the #ire"tory (here BigIn ight (a in talle#) /or the IBM$provi#e# ?M4are image, BigIn ight i in talle# in *ile y tem= /opt/ibm/biginsights. @o"ate the /IHC ub#ire"tory an# ele"t the C/A012%.t3t *ile) Cli"5 'pen. ?eri*y that the (in#o( #i play the name o* thi *ile) Note that you "an "ontinue to Browse *or a##itional *ile to uploa# an# that you "an #elete *ile a uploa# target *rom the #i playe# li t) .o(ever, *or thi e-er"i e, imply "li"5 '(

AA31)

.an# $on$@ab

'age 23

IBM So*t(are

AA32)

4hen the uploa# "omplete , veri*y that the C.%NG,S)t-t *ile appear in the #ire"tory tree at le*t, I* it i not imme#iately vi ible "li"5 the re*re h button) Bn the right, you houl# ee a ub et o* the *ile; "ontent #i playe# in te-t *ormat

AA33)

.ighlight the C.%NG,S)t-t *ile in your Con ole@ab #ire"tory an# "li"5 the -ownload button)

AA38)

4hen prompte#, "li"5 the %a$e ) le button) 1hen ele"t '()

AA3+)

I* /ire*o- i et a #e*ault bro( er, the *ile (ill be ave# to your u er &o(nloa# #ire"tory) /or thi e-er"i e, the #e*ault #ire"tory lo"ation i *ine

1.)

Su""ar!

Congratulation N FouJre no( *amiliar (ith the .a#oop &i tribute# /ile Sy tem) Fou 5no( no( ho( to manipulate *ile (ithin by u ing the terminal an# the BigIn ight 4eb Con ole) Fou may move on to the ne-t Unit)

'age 28

.a#oop Ba i" = 'art1

NOTES

NOTES

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