Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!

ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". 1

Ass'"nmen% 6
(ra"edy of )ommons
Done by: Waqas Sher Zaman For: Prof. Ed. DeJaegher Date: 8th March 20 !

ef'n'%'on of a (ra"edy of %he )ommons Pro*+em, "ragedy of the common can be def#ned as a s#t$at#on %hen #t becomes &ery cha''eng#ng and $neconom#ca' to e'#m#nate the (robab'e $sers from a common (oo' reso$rce that y#e'ds '#m#ted f'o% of benef#ts) d$e to %h#ch the reso$rces can be e*ha$sted by rat#ona') $t#'#ty ma*#m#+#ng #nd#&#d$a' rather than conser&ed for the benef#t of a''. ,J$'#a -et+e'.

Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". 2

So'+ )on%am'na%'on So#' contam#nat#on #s ca$sed d$e to b$ry#ng) s(#''#ng or m#grat#on of ha+ardo$s chem#ca's #nto $ncontam#nated so#'. So#' contam#nat#on occ$rs %hen ha+ardo$s mater#a's are d#s(osed #m(ro(er'y) thro$gh the a(('#cat#on of fert#'#+ers and (est#c#des) or d$e to #nd$str#a' (rocesses and chem#ca's. F$rthermore) these harmf$' s$bstances can be de(os#ted d$e to contam#nated %ater %ashes from an area or #f the (art#c'es generated from #nd$str#a' smo/estac/s dro( from the a#r and comb#nes %#th the so#'. ,0''#no#s De(artment of P$b'#c -ea'th. -eason Why So'+ )on%am'na%'on .s .mpor%an% .ss/e, 1ontam#nated so#' does not on'y h#nder the gro%th of ('ants and cro(s) b$t #t #s a'so (ossessed a b#g threat to those (eo('e or an#ma' %h#ch are e*(osed to #t. Some of the harmf$' effects of so#' (o''$t#on are '#sted #n the tab'e be'o% 0o Effe#%s (re&ents ('ant gro%th) dead 'ea&es) 'eaf b$rn) st$nted gro%th and P'ants (o#sono$s fr$#ts and &egetab'es soa/#ng of ra#n #nto contam#nated so#' th$s (o''$t#ng $ndergro$nd Water contam#nat#on %ater ma/#ng #t $ns$#tab'e for h$man cons$m(t#on can ca$se h#gh b'ood (ress$re) ner&o$s system d#sorders) d#fferent -ea'th 0ss$es ty(e of cancers and 'earn#ng d#sab#'#ty #n ch#'dren3s can ca$se e$tro(h#cat#on (rocess %h#ch can t$rn 'a/es and (onds Ecosystem ba'ance #nto dry 'ands contam#nated 'and cannot be $sed for any act#&#t#es $nt#' 5and $se remed#at#on (rocess #s carr#ed o$t (a*+e 1, Effe#%s of so'+ #on%am'na%'on es#r'p%'on

2 2 ! 4

Se% of A+%erna%'1e Pro2e#%s, Fo''o%#ng t%o (ro6ects are (ro(osed to co$nter so#' contam#nat#on Pro2e#% 1 34and 5arm'n"6, 0t #s a techn#q$e of treat#ng contam#nated so#' by s(read#ng the e*ca&ated contam#nated so#' #n 'ayers on the gro$nd and thereafter st#m$'at#ng aerob#c m#crob#a' act#&#ty by aerat#ng and the add#t#ons of mo#st$re) n$tr#ents and m#nera's. "h#s m#crob#a' act#&#ty ser&es as a ca$se of degradat#on of contam#nated (art#c'es #n contam#nated so#'. ,7.S En&#ronmenta' Protect#on 8gency. Pro2e#% 23Propose 0a%'ona+ En1'ronmen% S%andard6, 0n th#s (ro6ect a nat#ona' en&#ronmenta' standard #n order to assess and manage so#' contam#nants #s (ro(osed. Benef'%s 7 )os%s of %he Pro2e#%, Pro2e#% es#r'p%'on3)os%6 Amo/n%386 es#r'p%'on3Benef'%s6 Amo/n%386

Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". 3

Project 2

Pre9treatment cost 5abor cost Mon#tor#ng cost Po%er=f$e' cost <(erat#ona' cost D#s(osa' cost "rans(ortat#on cost Post treatment cost (o%a+ es#r'p%'on3)os%6 0nformat#on system $(grade 0ncreased consent a(('#cat#on and s#te #n&est#gat#ons 0ncreased remed#at#on Pro(erty &a'$e red$ct#ons

400)000 2)000)000 ;40)000 )400)000 2)000)000 400)000 )240)000 400)000 10,000,000 Amo/n%386

Project 1

-ea'th benef#ts 1ommerc#a' benef#ts <ther benef#ts En&#ronmenta' benef#ts

:)400)000 4)000)000 2)000)000 7nq$at#f#ed

(o%a+ es#r'p%'on3Benef'%s6

1&,900,000 Amo/n%386 )000)000 40)000 00)000 400)000 00)000 :)400)000 00)000 00)000 7nq$ant#f#ed $,990,000

)000)000 8&o#ded P'an change costs > co$nc#'s

(o%a+

)400)000 8&o#ded P'an change s$bm#ss#on costs 2)400)000 ?ed$ced consent a(('#cat#on costs 2)400)000 ?ed$ced consent costs > tan/ ($''s 8&o#ded contam#nat#on res(onse costs 8&o#ded ($b'#c hea'th costs 8&o#ded (ost9de&e'o(ment remed#at#on costs 8&o#ded (ost9de&e'o(ment d#s($te costs Potent#a' en&#ronmenta' benef#ts $,900,000 (o%a+ (a*+e 2, )os%s and *enef'%s of %he pro2e#%s

(he .mpa#% )a%e"or'es and Meas/remen% .nd'#a%ors, @oth the (ro6ects %#'' ha&e a s#m#'ar #m(act categor#es and meas$rement #nd#cators. "he note%orthy #m(act benef#t categor#es of both the (ro6ect #nc'$de en&#ronmenta' benef#ts) c'ean atmos(hereA treated 'and can be $sed for commerc#a' and res#dent#a' act#&#t#es and hea'thy '#fe of (eo('e. -o%e&er) the note%orthy #m(act cost categor#es of the (ro6ect #nc'$de (ro6ect o(erat#ona' cost) remed#at#on costs and (ro(erty &a'$e red$ct#on. "he meas$rement #nd#cator of both the (ro6ect %#'' be the n$mber of '#fe sa&ed d$e to remed#at#on of contam#nated so#' and the (re&ent#ng the &a'$e of (ro(erty to go do%n d$e to contam#nat#on.

Pred'#% %he .mpa#%s :/a+'%a%'1e+y ;1er %he 4'fe of %he Pro2e#%, "he #m(acts q$a'#tat#&e'y o&er the '#fe cyc'e of both the (ro6ects are a'so s#m#'ar. ?emed#at#on of contam#nated so#' %#'' not on'y he'( to boost the co$ntry economy b$t a'so he'(s (eo('e to #ncrease the#r #ncome. S#nce 'and %#th contam#nated cannot be $sed

Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". &

for any act#&#ty e#ther #t #s agr#c$'t$ra' or any other commerc#a' act#&#ty) nor #t can be $sed for constr$ct#on of any $n#t. F$rthermore) remed#at#on of contam#nated so#' %#'' a'so sa&es the o%ner cost to s(end money on remed#at#on (rocess s#nce %#th these (ro6ect %e %#'' be ab'e to remed#ate the so#' #n m$ch more cost effect#&e beca$se %e %#'' be treat#ng a 'arge n$mber of contam#nated s#tes. 's#o/n% Benef'%s 7 )os%s %o ;*%a'n %he Presen% <a+/e, For both (ro6ects costs and benef#ts are d#sco$nted by $s#ng 2B) :B and CB rate as sho%n #n the tab'e be'o% Pro2e#% 1 0P< Pro2e#% 2 0P< 2B 2;)2!0)4:4.2 2 's#o/n% -a%es :B CB 24)4!0)482.4 4 22)C4C)2C . C 's#o/n% -a%es 2B :B CB C)02:)80 .4 ;);;!) :0.4 :):;2); 0.8 (a*+e 3, 0e% presen% 1a+/e

"hereafter net (resent &a'$e %as ca'c$'ated $s#ng money9+#ne net (resent &a'$e ca'c$'ator and the (ro6ect '#fe %as ass$med to be for 4 years. Sens'%'1'%y Ana+ys's For the (ro6ect one) factors %h#ch can affect the (ro6ect are (r#ce #nf'at#on of 'abor) f$e') trans(ortat#on and contam#nated so#' treatment cost. 0f the (r#ces r#se by 0B then the tota' cost of the (ro6ect %#'' #ncrease to )000)000. S#m#'ar'y d$e to ad&erse %eather cond#t#ons o#' s(#''age and b'end#ng of #nd$str#a' %aste %#th so#' can occ$r and th$s #ncreas#ng the contam#nated s#tes th$s #ncreas#ng the tota' (ro6ect of the cost. For (ro6ect t%o) there can be a (oss#b#'#ty that not a'' the reg#ons #n the co$ntry %o$'d (refer to $se the nat#ona' en&#ronment standard as they %o$'d '#/e to ma/e the#r o%n standards based on the cond#t#ons and degree of contam#nat#on of so#' they may come $( %#th. -e#ommenda%'on, Fo''o%#ng recommendat#on can be made . Pro6ect has more fa&orab'e and hea'thy net (resent &a'$e as #s more %orth for money to be s(ent com(ared %#th (ro6ect 2. 2. @ased on th#s (a(er) 0 %o$'d recommend choos#ng the (ro6ect . 2. E&en tho$gh a research attem(t has been made to ma/e a 1@8 ana'ys#s for both (ro6ects b$t st#'' f$rther research #s req$#red to come $( %#th more acc$rate res$'ts.

Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". 9

-eferen#es

J$'#a. ,n.d.. To what extent is the tragedy of the commons restricting option when dealing with a global ecological crisis?. ?etr#e&ed from htt(:==boo/s.goog'e.com.om=boo/sD #dEns58m%'dcs81F(r#ntsecEfrontco&erFdqEtragedyGofGtheGcommonsGeboo/ B22Fh'EenFsaEHFe#E c7a74yI0c"ayg<+/0-88JFred#rKescEyL&Eone(age FqEtragedyB20ofB20theB20commonsB20eboo/B22FfEfa'se 0''#no#s De(artment of P$b'#c -ea'th. ,n.d.. How can I reduce my exposure to contaminants in soil?. ?etr#e&ed March 4) 20 !) from h%%p,==>>>.'dph.s%a%e.'+./s=en1hea+%h=fa#%shee%s=+eadso'+.h%m e-o%. ,n.d.. The importance of soil pollution. ?etr#e&ed March 4) 20 !) from htt(:==%%%.eho%.com=#nfoK82;C0 !K#m(ortance9so#'9(o''$t#on.htm' 7.S En&#ronmenta' Protect#on 8gency. ,20 2) December 20th.. Landfarming. -e%r'e1ed Mar#h 9, 201&, from h%%p,==>>>.epa."o1=o/s%=#a%=+andfarm.h%m Money-Z'ne. 3n.d6. 0e% presen% 1a+/e #a+#/+a%or. -e%r'e1ed Mar#h 9, 201&, from h%%p,==>>>.money-?'ne.#om=#a+#/+a%ors='n1es%men%-#a+#/+a%ors=ne%presen%-1a+/e-#a+#/+a%or=

Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". 6

Project Paper Rubric

Total 100 points Criteria Unacceptable Acceptable Proficient Student Points and Comments

Defines tragedy of commons.

Vaguely defines tragedy of commons or completely off the topic.

Defines tragedy of commons and, for the most part, fulfills assignment requirements.

Defines tragedy of commons and demonstrates solid a!ility to accomplish the assignment.

( points) (0-3 points) Discusses the selected tragedy of commons. Vaguely discusses the selected tragedy of commons or completely off the topic. Discusses the selected tragedy of commons and, for the most part, fulfills assignment requirements. (" points) Discusses the selected tragedy of commons and demonstrates solid a!ility to accomplish the assignment.

(0-3 points) Discusses #hy the tragedy of commons is important. Vaguely discusses #hy the tragedy of commons is important or completely off the topic.

( points) Discusses #hy the tragedy of commons is important and, for the most part, fulfills assignment requirements.

(" points) Discusses #hy the tragedy of commons is important and demonstrates solid a!ility to accomplish the assignment.

( points) (0-3 points) (" points)

Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". 7

Discusses a set of alternati$e solutions.

Vaguely discusses a set of alternati$e solutions or completely off the topic.

Discusses a set of alternati$e solutions and, for the most part, fulfills assignment requirements.

Discusses a set of alternati$e solutions and demonstrates solid a!ility to accomplish the assignment.

(0-11 points) Discusses #hose !enefits and costs count. Vaguely discusses #hose !enefits and costs count or completely off the topic.

(1%-13 points) Discusses #hose !enefits and costs count and, for the most part, fulfills assignment requirements.

(1 -1" points) Discusses #hose !enefits and costs count and demonstrates solid a!ility to accomplish the assignment.

( points) (0-3 points) (" points)

Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". $

Discusses the impact categories and measurement indicators.

Vaguely discusses the impact categories and measurement indicators or completely off the topic.

Discusses the impact categories and measurement indicators and, for the most part, fulfills assignment requirements.

Discusses the impact categories and measurement indicators and demonstrates solid a!ility to accomplish the assignment.

( points) (0-3 points) &redicts the impacts qualitati$ely o$er the life of the pro'ect. Vaguely predicts the impacts qualitati$ely o$er the life of the pro'ect or completely off the topic. &redicts the impacts qualitati$ely o$er the life of the pro'ect and, for the most part, fulfills assignment requirements. (" points) &redicts the impacts qualitati$ely o$er the life of the pro'ect and demonstrates solid a!ility to accomplish the assignment.

(0-3 points) Discusses the discount !enefits and costs in order to o!tain the present $alues. Vaguely the discount !enefits and costs in order to o!tain the present $alues or completely off the topic.

( points) (" points) Discusses the discount !enefits and costs in order to o!tain the present $alues and, for the most part, fulfills assignment requirements. Discusses the discount !enefits and costs in order to o!tain the present $alues and demonstrates solid a!ility to accomplish the assignment.

(0-3 points) Discusses the sensiti$ity analysis. Vaguely discusses the sensiti$ity analysis or completely off the topic.

( points) Discusses the sensiti$ity analysis and, for the most part, fulfills assignment requirements.

(" points) Discusses the sensiti$ity analysis and demonstrates solid a!ility to accomplish the assignment.

Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". @

( points) (0-3 points) Discusses a potential resolution of the issue and #hy it #ould #or( from an economic perspecti$e. Vaguely discusses a potential resolution of the issue and #hy it #ould #or( from an economic perspecti$e or completely off the topic. Discusses a potential resolution of the issue and #hy it #ould #or( from an economic perspecti$e and, for the most part, fulfills assignment requirements.

(" points)

Discusses a potential resolution of the issue and #hy it #ould #or( from an economic perspecti$e and demonstrates solid a!ility to accomplish the assignment.

(* points) (0-) points) ,ntegrates esta!lished managerial economics principles into the discussion. -arely integrates esta!lished managerial economics principles into the discussion. .or the most part, does a good 'o! of integrating esta!lished managerial economics principles into the discussion. (+-10 points) /onsistently does a good 'o! of integrating esta!lished managerial economics principles into the discussion.

(0-) points)

(* points)

(+-10 points)

Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". 10

0ynthesi1es rele$ant information and materials to pro$ide e$idence of critical thought.

0ynthesi1es information at a minimal le$el.

.or the most part, effecti$ely synthesi1es information, #hich supports main ideas.

/onsistently and effecti$ely synthesi1es information, #hich pro$ides strong support to main ideas.

(0-) points) (* points) 2ses supporting documentation that has !een properly references and cited. ,nadequate or minimal use of supporting documentation or not properly referenced or cited. .or the most part, uses supporting documentation that is properly referenced and cited.

(+-10 points) /onsistently uses supporting documentation that is properly referenced and cited.

( points) (0-3 points) /onsidered holistically, demonstrates the a!ility to #rite at the graduate le$el. /onsidered holistically, the student demonstrates an inadequate a!ility to #rite at the graduate le$el. /onsidered holistically, the student demonstrates an accepta!le a!ility to #rite at the graduate le$el.

(" points) /onsidered holistically, the student demonstrates a proficient a!ility to #rite at the graduate le$el.

(0-) points)

(* points)

(+-10 points)

SubTotal Points =
Turnitin.com Did not turn paper into Turnitin.com 3inus 10 points -e$isions !ased on the originality -eport. Did not re$ise paper !ased on the originality report

----

----

----

----

Paper 6, MBA 723-01, By Waqas Sher Zaman, Prof. Ed e!ae"her, Mar#h $%h, 201&,

p". 11

3inus 10 points

Total Points