BB1O1 Engineering Science-T6

TOPIC 6 : TEMPERATURE & HEAT

Temperature
It is a measure of degree of hotness, physical quantity, measured using thermometer. SI unit is kelvin (absolute temperature scale where zero Kelvin is absolute zero, equivalent to -273 C ; 0C = 273 K ) 0C = ( 0 + 273) K example : 27C = (27 + 273) K = 300K (273.15 accurately)

Heat
The energy that transfers from a body to another due to temperature difference. This is thermal energy. SI unit is Joule.

Heat Transfer
Heat can be transferred between objects by 3 ways: conduction, covection and radiation; from a high-temperature body to a low-temperature body.

Conduction
Process of heat transfer from high temperature to lower temperature objects, in solid medium. Means of heat transfer in solids, from atom to atom within a subtance. [ metals tend to feel cold? You feel colder because metal conduct heat energy away from your hand, you perceive the heat that is leaving your hand as cold ! ]

Convection
Movement of gas from a hot area to colder area. Warmer/hot gas molecules move upwards and colder gas moves downwards. Heat transfer in liquid and gasses, example: boiling water Free convection : Gravity and buoyancy forces cause the movement of fluid. Forces convection : Means such as stirrer, is used to move the fluid.

Radiation
Form of heat transfer in light, through wave or ray, either visible or not visible, example : ~ heat from the sun to the earth through space; the energy travels through nothingness !

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BB1O1 Engineering Science-T6

Heat Capacity (c)

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a subtance by one degree celcius (1C or 1K) ; SI unit is JC-1 @ JK-1

c= c= Q=cx Q = cT
in Joule

Specific Heat Capacity (C)

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a subtance by one degree celcius (1C or 1K) ; SI unit is Jkg-1C-1 @ Jkg-1K-1

C=

C= Q = mc
in Joule

Q = mcT
*C water = 4200 J/kgC

Thermal Equilibrium
A situation where 2 objects would not exchange energy by heat if they are placed in thermal contact, this happen when the objects achieve SAME TEMPERATURE, and there is no net heat transfer/flow!

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BB1O1 Engineering Science-T6

TUTORIAL 6
1. Define a) Temperature b) Heat 2. State 3 ways of heat transfer.

3. Calculate the heat quantity needed to increase 2 kg of copper from 20C to 85C. (Given: specific heat capacity of copper = 0.35 KJ/kgC )

4. How much heat does 30g of aluminium gives off as it cools from 120C to 60C ? ( Given: C aluminium = 880J/kgC )

5. A 100g silver spoon at 20C is used to mix tea at 95C. After a few moment, the spoon and tea achieved 88C. If the mass of the tea is 300g, a) Calculate the thermal absorbed by spoon.

b) Determine the specific thermal capacity for tea. (Given : specific heat capacity of silver spoon = 0.23 KJ/kgC)

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