Class Assignment

Groundwater Hydrology (CVE 696)

By
AKINDUNNI, Olushola Daniel (05/30GB025)
Department of Civil Engineering
University of Ilorin, Nigeria

CVE 696 Course Lecturer: Dr. Olayinka Okeola
December 2013




Assignment 2014

AKINDUNNI O.D, 05/30GB025
2


1. Given the following observations of the water elevation in three wells that are installed in a
horizontal, homogeneous, isotropic, confined aquifer, determine the magnitude and
direction of the hydraulic gradient, the total flow in the aquifer per unit width perpendicular
to the flow, and the average velocity at the point (5,100). The aquifer thickness is 14m, the
porosity is 0.27, and the hydraulic conductivity is 9.5m/d.
Solution Well 1 Well 2 Well 3

W.T



B =14m




GL

Data Given:
thickness = 14m
porosity = 0.27
hydraulic conductivity = 9.5m/d

average velocity at the point (5,100)
m = b =14m
Required:
Hydraulic gradient =?

Length = 5
2
- 100
2
= 100m
L = 100m
Magnitude and the direction of the hydraulic gradient =

Assignment 2014

AKINDUNNI O.D, 05/30GB025
3

2. In a field test it was observed that a time of 16 hr was required for a tracer to travel from
one observation well to another. The wells are 25m apart, and the difference in their water-
surface elevation is 0.3m. Samples of the aquifer between the wells indicate the porosity is
about 18 percent. Compute the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer assuming it is
homogeneous.
Answer Two


Well 1 Well 2


25m


Data Given:
Required: k
Solution:

G.L
Assignment 2014

AKINDUNNI O.D, 05/30GB025
4

Converting k to cm/sec:

3. A 3.05m-high retaining wall holds back a homogeneous sandy soil. The wall rests on
impermeable solid rock. For drainage purpose the wall is provided with 15.29cm-diameter
drains through the wall spaced every 1.83m long along the bottom of the wall. An
observation well 12.19m from the wall shows solid rock at an elevation of 26.21m water
table at an elevation of 30.5m, and ground surface at 32m. Another observation well 16.76m
from the wall indicates solid rock at elevation 25.91m, water table at 31m, and ground
surface at 33.22m. the two wells are on a line at right angles to the wall. Where the line
intersects the wall, the bottom of the wall is at elevation of 28m. If the flow out of each
drain is 11 gal every 5 min, compute the coefficient of permeability of the sandy soil behind
the wall.















Assignment 2014

AKINDUNNI O.D, 05/30GB025
5

Solution 3

G.L
W.T
3.05m
28m
12.19m
16.76m
33.22m
32m
Assignment 2014

AKINDUNNI O.D, 05/30GB025
6

4. A 12-in-diameter well is drilled and pumped at a constant rate of 45 gpm. After 6 hr of
pumping the drawdown in the well is 0.95m and at 48 hr the drawdown is 1.12m. compute
the transmissivity of the aquifer. Find S. If the well penetrates a confined aquifer whose
average thickness is 9.75m, determine hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. At what time
will the drawdown be 1.22m?
Solution 4


















Confined aquifer pumping test

8.95m
G.L
12in
drawdown
Assignment 2014

AKINDUNNI O.D, 05/30GB025
7

( )

5. A pumping well is to be used to maintain a lowered water table at a construction site. The
site is square, 50 m on a side, and the 25-cm-diameter well is located at the center of the
square. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is estimated to be about 1 x 10
-5
m/s. The
bottom of the aquifer is thought to be horizontal at a depth of 20 m below the ground
surface. Under natural conditions the water table is nearly horizontal at a depth of 1 m
below the ground surface. The water table must be lowered a minimum of 2 m over the site.
However, the water table may not be lowered more than 0.5 m at a distance 200 m from the
well. Assuming steady-state conditions, what pumping rate would you recommend for the
well? How much power will the pump require, assuming discharge at the surface and a wire-
to-water efficiency of 0.78. Neglect friction in the wellbore.



Assignment 2014

AKINDUNNI O.D, 05/30GB025
8

Solution Five


A=50x50
A=2500m
2


A
0.5m H
A

1m B H
B

2m C H
C
25cm B=20m

K=1x10
-5
m/s


200m

Diameter of well = 25cm = 0.25m
Radius, m r 125 . 0
2
25 . 0
= =
Hydraulic conductivity, s m k / 10 1
5
=
Depth of aquifer (aquifer thickness), B = 20m
wire-to-water efficiency, 78 . 0 = q
Piezometric head A= 20-0.5 = 19.5m
Piezometric head at B = 20-1 = 19.0m
Piezometric head at C= = 20-2 =18.0m
Assignment 2014

AKINDUNNI O.D, 05/30GB025
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Pumping rate, Q can be computed by applying Darcys law at point A and C;

s m Q
Q
m A
A
rB A
dl
dh
kA Q
/ 10 1783 . 1
200
18 5 . 19
708 . 15 10 1
708 . 15
20 125 . 0
7
22
2
2
3 6
5
2

=
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
=
=
=
t

To compute the pump power, using the relation

q
9.81QH
power Pump =
Where H = loss of head = 2 0.5 = 1.5m
78 . 0 = q

HP 23 power Pump
KW
10 9.81
power Pump
2 0 . 0
0173 . 0
78 . 0
5 . 1 1783 . 1
6
=
=

=