*VERB TENSES*

1.SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE Tenses yang menunjukan suatu peristiwa,kejadian kegiatan yang terjadi berulang-ulang atau merupakan suatu kebiasaan.Time signal yang digunakan dalam adalah every day,always,often,never,sometime,once week,etc. A.Rumus simple present : Positif Negatif Intrrogative B.EXAMPLE : 1. (+) I leave for office at 6 every morning (-) I dont leave for office at 6 every morning. (?) Do I leave for office at 6 every morning ? 2. (+) she always read newspaper. (-) She doesnt always read newspaper. (?) Does she always read newspaper ? 3. (+) Father always drink tea in the afternoon. (-) Father doesnt always drink tea in the afternoon. (?) Does father always drink tea in the morning ? C.QUESTIONS > TONY VISIT HIS GIRL FRIEND ALONE ON SUNDAY a).Who visit his girl friend alone on Sunday ? ( answer key : tony ) b).What does tony do alone on Sunday ? ( answer key : visit his girl friend ) c).Whom does tony visit alone on Sunday ? ( answer key : his girl friend ) d).How does tony visit his girl friend on Sunday ? ( answer key : Alone ) e).When does tony visit his girlfriend alone ? ( answer key : On Sunday ) : S + V1 + Object : S + dont/does + object : Do/does + s + object ?

2.PRESENT PERFECT TENSES Tenses yang mengungkapkan peristiwa yang terjadi atau dilakukan atau selesai dilihat dari saat ini.Time signal yang digunakan dalam present perfect adalah already ,just,yet(-),for since all,ever,never. A.Rumus present perfect : Positif Negatif Intrrogative B.EXAMPLE : 1. (+) We have studied English grammar. (-) We havent studied English grammar. (?) Have we studied English grammar ? 2. (+) We have been to bali. (-) We havent been to bali. (?) Have we been to bali ? 3. (+) He has spoken English. (-) He hasnt spoken English. (?) Has he spoken English ? : S + have/has + V3 : S + havent/hasnt + V3 : have / has + s + V3 ?

C.QUESTION > SHE HAS MOVED INTO A NEW HOUSE. a). Who has moved into a new house ? ( answer key : she ) b). What has she done into a new house ? ( answer key :moved ) c). Where has she moved into ? ( answer key : a new house )

3.SIMPLE PAST TENSE Tenses yang mengungkapkan peristiwa yang terjadi pada waktu yang sudah lewat atau lampau.Time signal yang digunakan adalah yesterday,last night,two day ago,last year,etc. A.Rumus simple past : Positif Negative Intrrogative B.EXAMPLE : 1. (+) I walked to school yesterday morning (-) I didnt walk to school yesterday morning (?) Did I walk to school yesterday morning ? 2. (+) I bought a new dress last month (-) I didnt buy a new dress last month (?) Did I buy a new dress last month ? 3. (+) she wrote a letter last night. (-) She didnt write a letter last night. (?) Did she write a letter last night ? C.QUESTIONS > A BOY TOOK MY BOOK LAST NIGHT. a). Who took my book last night ? ( answer key : A boy ) b). How many boys took my book last night ? ( answer key : take ) c). What did a boy do last night ? ( answer key : Took my book ) d). When did a boy take my book ? ( answer key : last night ) e). Whose book did a boy take last night ? ( answer key : my book ) : S + V2 : S + did not + V1 : Did + S + V1 ?

4.SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE Tenses yang mengungkapkan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang akan terjadi atau dilakukan diwaktu yang akan datang.Time signal yang digunakan adalah tommorrow,next week,later,next. A.Rumus simple future : Positif Negative Intrrogative B.EXAMPLE : 1. (+) She will celebrate fourth birthday next may. (-) She wii not celebrate fourth birthday next may. (?) Will she celebrate fourth birthday next may / 2. (+) They will take the exam in three month. (-) They will not take the exam in three month. (?) Will they take the exam in the three month ? 3. (+) I will meet you this afternoon. (-) I will not meet you this afternoon. (?) Will I meet you this afternoon ? C.QUESTION > HE WIIL GIVE HER A DICTIONARY NEXT WEEK a). Who will give her a dictionary next week ? ( answer key : He ) b). What will he do next week ? (answer key : Give her a dictionary ) c). Whom will he give a dictionary next week ? ( answer key : Her ) d). What will give her next week ? ( answer key : a dictionary ) e). When will he give her a dictionary ? ( answer key : next week ) : S + will/shall + V1 : S + will/shall not + V1 : Will/shall +S +V1 ?

5. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE Tenses yang menunjukan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadi atau berlangsung saat kita sedang bicara.Time signal yang digunakan now,right now,at present,this morning,now day. A.Rumus Present progressive: Positif Negative Interrogative B.EXAMPLE : 1. (+) My brother is painting the house. (-) My brother isnt painting the house. (?) Is my brother painting the house ? 2. (+) Mother is cooking in the kitchen. (-) Mother isnt cooking in the kitchen. (?) Is mother cooking in the kitchen ? 3. (+) The chilldren are playing in garden. (-) The chilldren arent playing in garden. (?) Are the chilldren playing in garden ? C. QUESTION > SHE IS EATING LUNCH RIGHT NOW. a). Who is eating lunch right now ? ( answer key : she ) b). What is she doing right now ? ( answer key : eating lunch ) c). When is she eating lunch ? ( answer key : right now ) : S + TOBE ( Am,is,are ) + VING : S + TOBE + NOT + VING : TOBE + S + VING ?

6. PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE Tenses yang mengungkapkan peristiwa atau perbuatan yang di mulai disuatu titik diwaktu yang sudah lewat sampai sekarang masih terjadi dan akan terjadi atau dilakukan.Time signal yang digunakan adalah since,for,all,before now,up to now. A.Rumus present perfect progressive : Positif Negative Interrogative B.EXAMPLE : 1. (+) We have been studying English since SMP. (-) We havent been studying English since SMP. (?) Have we been studying English Since SMP ? 2. (+) Rina has been reading this book for a week. (-) Rina hasnt been reading this book for a week. (?) Has Rina been reading this book for a week ? 3. (+) Sally has been waiting in the lobby. (-) Sally hasnt been waiting in the lobby. (?) Has sally been waiting in the lobby ? C.QUESTION >WE HAVE BEEN STUDYING ENGLISH FOR AN HOUR. a). Who has been studying english for an hour ? ( answer key : We ) b). What have we been doing for an hour ? ( answer key : studying english ) c). How long have we been studying english ? ( answer key : for an hour ) d). What have we been studying for an hour ? ( answer key : English ) : S + Has/have + been + Ving : S + has/have +not + been + Ving. : Has/have + S + been + Ving ?

7. PAST PROGRESSIVE Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu tindakan yang sedang terjadi di waktu lampau, dan pada saat yang sama tindakan itu terjadi.Time signal yang di gunakan adalah last nigh,yesterday,last mont,last year. A.Rumus Past Continuous : Positif Negative Interrogative B.EXAMPLE : 1. (+) I was sleeping when my friend came to my house yesterday. (-) I was not sleeping when my friend came to my house yesterday (?) Was I sleeping when my friend came to my house yesterday ? 2. (+) We were singing when mother came. (-) We were not singing when mother came. (?) Were we singing when mother came ? 3. (+) She was cooking dinner when I called. (-) She was not cooking dinner when I called. (?) Was she cooking dinner when I called ? : S + WAS/ WERE + VING : S + WAS /WERE + NOT + VING : WAS / WERE + S + VING ?

C.QUESTION > WE WERE STUDYING ENGLISH WELL THIS TIME YESTERDAY. a). Who were studying English well this time yesterday ? ( answer key : we ) b). What were we doing this time yesterday ? ( answer key : studying English well ) c). What were we studying this time yesterday ? ( answer key : English ) d). How were we studying English this time yesterday ? ( answer key : well ) e). When were we studying English ? ( answer key : yesterday )

8.PAST PERFECT Tenses yang mengungkapkan perbuatan yang telah terjadi dilihat dari titik tertentu di waktu yang sudah lewat.Time signal yang digunakan adalah before,after. A.Rumus past perfect : Positif Negative Interrogative B.EXAMPLE : 1. (+) Anna had taken the medicine before she went to bed last night. (-) Anna hadnt taken the medicine before she went to bed last night. (?) Had Anna taken the medicine before she went to bed last night ? 2. (+) He had drunk his milk before he left for school. (-) He hadnt drunk his milk before he left for school. (?) Had he drunk his milk before he left for school ? 3. (+) Dewi had taken a wrong turn. (-) Dewi hadnt taken a wrong turn. (?) Had dewi taken a wrong turn ? : S + Had + V3 : S + Had not + V3 : Had + S + V3 ?

C.QUESTION > HE HAD STUDIED ENGLISH BEFORE ENGLISH TEACHER CAME. a). Who had studied English before English teacher came ? ( answer key : HE ) b). What had he done before English teacher came ? ( answer key : studied english ) c). What had he studied before English teacher came ? ( answer key : English ) d). When had he studied English ? ( answer key : before English teacher came )

9.FUTURE PROGRESSIVE. Tense yang mengungkapkan peristiwa atau kejadian yang sedang terjadi diwaktu yang akan datang.Time signal yang digunakan adalah at tomorrow,next week,this time next week. A.Rumus future progressive : Positif Negattive Interrogative B.EXAMPLE : 1. (+) My family will be talking a vacation the first week in june . (-) My family wiil not be talking a vacation the first week in june. (?) Wiil my family be talking a vacation the first week in june ? 2. (+) She will be typing the letter. (-) She will not be typing the letter. (?) Wiil she be typing the letter ? 3. (+) My uncle wiil be running the family bussiness while we are gone. (-) My uncle will not be running the family bussiness while we are gone. (?) Will my uncle be running the family bussiness while we are gone ? C.QUESTION > WE WILL BE STUDYING ENGLISH WELL. a). Who will be studying English well ? ( answer key : WE ) b). What will we be doing ( answer key : studying english ) c). What will we be studying ? ( answer key : English ) d). How will be studying english ? ( answer key :well ) : S + wiil + be + ving : S + will Not + be + Ving : Will + S + be + Ving ?

**MODAL AUXILIARIES**
> menyatakan cara perbuatan yang dinyatakan dalam kata kerja pokok. A. rumus modal auxiliaries : * S + modal + V1 ( bentuk verbal ) * S + modal + be + complement

B. jenis-jenis modal auxiliaries (1). CAN ( bisa,dapat,boleh ) Berfungsi untuk menyatakan kemampuan,kecakapan,bakat kesanggupan,atau untuk mengatakan izin,dan menyatakan kemungkinan untuk menyatakan permohonan yang sopan. Example : (+) I can use your cycle. (-) I cannt use your cycle. (?) Can I use your cyle ?

(2). COULD ( dulu dapat/ bisa,dapatkah atau bolehkah ) Berfungsi untuk menyatakan kesanggupan,kemapuan di waktu lampau,kalimat nya tak langsung dan menyatakan permintaan yang sangat sopan. Example : (+) He could smoke in the room. (-) He could not smoke in the room. (?) Could he smoke in the room ?

(3). HAD BETTER ( lebih baik,sebaiknya) Berfungsi untuk mengekpresikan prilaku,ide atau kejadian dalam bentuk dan cara yang sama dengan should

Example : (+) You had better be on time for your own party. (-) You had better not be on time for your own party. (?) Had better you be on time for your own party ?

(4). MAY ( boleh,mungkin ) Berfungsi untuk menyatakan izin,kemungkinan,dan menyatakan keinginan. Example : (+) She may come tomorrow. (-) She may not come tomorrow. (?) May she come tomorrow ?

(5).MIGHT (mungkin,dapat ) Berfungsi sebagai bentuk past tense dari may kalimat tak langsung,untuk menyatakan kemungkinan kecil atau menyatakan maksud. Example : (+) Father told me that I might take his car. (-) Father told me that I might not take his car. (?) Might father told me that I take his car ?

(6). MUST (harus,tidak boleh,pasti ) Berfungsi untuk menunjukan keharusan,memberikan larangan atau memberikan kepastian. Example : (+) They must consider every possibility. (-) They must not consider every possibility. (?) Must they consider every possibility ?

(7). OUGHT TO ( sebaiknya,mungkin,harus ) Berfungsi untuk memberikan saran,kemungkinan,menyatakan keharusan. Example : (+) You ought to see a doctor about your headache. (-) You ought to not see a doctor about your headache. (?) Ought to you see a doctor your headache ?

(8). SHALL ( akan,pasti ) Berfungsi untuk menyatakan waktu yang akan datang, sebagai kepastian,larangan,untuk menyatakan izin. Example : (+) They shall win the match. (-) They shall not win the match. (?) Shall they winthe match ?

(9). SHOULD ( sebaiknya,pasti ) Berfungsi untuk menyatakan waktu yang akan datang dalam waktu lampau,kalimat tak langsung,dan untuk menyatakan kemungkinan dalam bentuk yang sopan. Example : (+) She should have sold the house. (-) She should not have sold the house. (?) Should she have sold the house ?

(10). WILL ( akan,mau,,maukah ) Berfungsi untuk menyatakan waktu yang akan datang ,menyatakan keinginan. Example : (+) I will worry about that letter. (-) I will not worry about that letter. (?) Will I worry about that letter ?

(11).WOULD ( akan,mau ) untuk menyatakan waktu yang akan datang pada waktu lampau,kalimat tidak langsung,menyatakan keinginan dan kebiasaan dalam bentuk lampau. Example : (+) We would take a morning walk every day. (-) We would not take a morning walk every day. (?) Would we take a morning walk every day ?

GRAMMAR II

NAME: RIRIN SEPTARI LECTURER:MR.AGUS RIYANTO

School of Foreign Language-JIA JL.Cut Muthia No.30 Bekasi 2011