Guide to TCP/IP, 4th Edition ISBN 978-11330-1986-2

Chapter 7 Solutions
Answers to Review Questions
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. False a a, c a a, c, f a, b, c, d, e b, d, e c True a, c, d d c a, b b a, b b d b d c c c a, c, d c

Hands-On Projects Discussion

Hands-On Project 7-1 In this project, students open and examine the ch07_DHCPboot.pkt trace file that shows a basic DHCP boot sequence that includes Discovery, Offer, Request, and Acknowledgment packets. The following section answers the questions about Packet #1: 3a. What value is contained in the Client Identifier field? The Client Identifier field (Option 61) contains the client MAC address, value 00A0CC30C8DB. 3b. How can you verify that the Client Identifier value is the same as the clients hardware address? Scroll up to the Source Address field in the Ethernet header. 3c. What is the host name? The host name (DHCP Option 12) is UTBPOPKI. 3d. Can this client accept unicast replies during the boot up process? Yes. The Flags field is set to zero indicating that the broadcast bit is not set. 3e. List the option codes used in this DHCP packet: 53: DHCP Message Type 61: Client Identifier 50: Requested IP Address 12: Host Name 55: Parameter Request List 1: Subnet Mask 3: Router

Guide to TCP/IP, 4th Edition ISBN 978-11330-1986-2 6: Domain Name Server 15: Domain Name 44: NetBIOS over TCP/IP Name Server 46: NetBIOS over TCP/IP Node Type 47: NetBIOS over TCP/IP Scope 57: Maximum DHCP Message Size It is interesting to note that there are several ARP packets in this trace file. Packets #2 and #3 are sent by the DHCP server to test availability of addresses before it assigns them. The DHCP server is using ARP to see if a local device is using 10.1.0.2 or 10.1.0.3. Since no replies were received, the DHCP server can assume those addresses are available. As a further measure of caution, the DHCP server pings the address it is about to offer (10.1.0.2) in case there is another host on another network using that address. Packet #8 is the DHCP clients duplicate IP address test. Hands-On Project 7-2 In this project, the students open the ch07_DHCPlab.pkt trace file, which contains a clients attempt to renew its address. As the client, 10.1.0.3, nears the end of its lease, we see it move from the renewal process to the rebind process. In Packet #10, we see the client begin to reinitialize. Interestingly, during the clients lease time, the DHCP server was brought down for reconfiguration. It now manages a different set of IP addresses and cannot give the client its preferred address of 10.1.0.3 again. The clients new IP address is 10.1.22.2. The following section answers the questions about Packet #3: 2a. Does this DHCP client already have an IP address? Yes. This client uses 10.1.0.3. 2b.What message type is used in this packet? The client uses a Boot requestthis is a Request packet. 2c. What is the purpose of this packet? The client is using this packet to renew its address from the DHCP server (10.1.0.1). 2d. Does the client receive a reply to this packet? No. It retries this packet twice before moving on to the rebinding process. 2e. What DHCP process is the client performing at this time? This is the renewal process. The following section answers the questions about Packet #5: 3a. Does this DHCP client still have an IP address? Yes. 3b. What is the message type used in this packet? The client is still using a Request packet. 3c. What is the primary difference between this packet and Packet #3? This packet is sent to the broadcast address. 3d. Does the client receive a reply to this packet? No.

Guide to TCP/IP, 4th Edition ISBN 978-11330-1986-2 3e. What DHCP process is the client performing at this time? This is the rebinding process. The following section answers the questions about Packet #10: 4a. Does this DHCP client still have an IP address? No. The client is using 0.0.0.0 as its IP address. 4b. What is the message type used in this packet? The client uses a Discover request. 4c. Does the client receive a reply to this packet? Yes. Packet #12 contains the reply. 4d. What DHCP process is the client performing at this time? The client is in the discovery process. 5. Examine the remaining DHCP packets in the trace file. Did the client get the requested IP address? No. As mentioned above, the server now assigns 10.1.22.2 to the client. Hands-On Project 7-3 In this project which mirrors Hands-On Project 7-1, but for IPv6/DHCPv6. Students open and examine the ch7_DHCPv6boot.pcap trace file that shows a basic DHCPv6 boot sequence that includes DHCPv6 Solicit, Advertise, Request, and Reply packets. The following section answers the questions about Step #2: 2a. Does this DHCPv6 client have an IPv6 global unicast address? No. 2b.What message type is used in this packet? The client uses a DHCPv6 Solicit. 2c. What is the host name? (Hint, look for domain.) The hostname is T6, waiting for the domain name information from the DHCPv6 server. 2d. Does the client receive a reply to this packet? Yes, packet 7 is the DHCPv6 server sending a DHCPv6 Advertise message to the client. 2e. What DHCPv6 process is the client performing at this time? The client is requesting an Identity Association Non-temporary address, DHCPv6 option 3. The following section answers the questions about Step #3: 3a. What is the packet number where the DHCPv6 provides the final approval for an IPv6 address, and what is that IPv6 address assigned to the client? Packet 12 is the DHCPv6 Reply from the DHCPv6 server to the client, assigning IPv6 address of 2001:db8:1ab:ba5e::100. The following section answers the question about Step #4: 4. Which packet is the DAD test for the client's global unicast address? Packet 19 is where the client sends an NS with a target address set to its own global-unicast address.

Guide to TCP/IP, 4th Edition ISBN 978-11330-1986-2

Hands-On Project 7-4 In this project, the students view and manage DHCP and DHCPv6 lease information on a Windows computer using the ipconfig /all, ipconfig /renew, and ipconfig /release commands for IPv4, and ipconfig /renew6 and ipconfig /release6 commands for IPv6.