Industrial sociology is a special area of study that arises from the application of the discipline of sociology which emerged

from the enlightenment period OF EUROPEAN history It is the study of work practices and institutions in those societal forms that emerged as the process underlying the transition from primarily agricultural and craft production to machine driven mass production organised as the factory model

It also contri!utes to correlates with a wide range of other economic social" cultural and political transformations which forms an ine#trica!le part of most theories of moderni$ation Industrial society is associated with the emergence of industriali$ation which transformed much of Europe and United %tates !y replacing essentially agriculture !ased societies with industrial societies !ased on the use of machines and non&animal sources of energy to produce finished goods Industrial societies are in a continual state of rapid change due to technological innovations 'he high level of productivity in industrial societies further stimulates population growth where people start living in cities and ur!an areas

New medical technologies and improved living standards serve to e#tend life e#pectancy 'he division of la!our !ecomes comple# with the availa!ility of speciali$ed (o!s 'he statuses are achieved rather than ascri!ed 'he family and kinship as social institutions are relegated to the !ackground It is !ecomes a unit of consumption 'here is !reakup of (oint family system and nuclear family units !ecome prominent 'he influence of religion diminishes as people hold many different and competing values and !eliefs %tate assumes central power in the industrial societies Industrialism is associated with the widening gap !etween two social classes of )haves) and )have nots) 'he rich or the capitalist class is seen as e#ploiting class and the poor class known as working class is seen as e#ploited *owever in most of the industrial societies there is steady reduction in social ine+ualities Industrial societies have given rise to num!er of secondary groups such as corporations" political parties" !usiness houses and government !ureaucracies" cultural and literary associations 'he primary groups tend to lose their importance and secondary groups come to the prominence 'he invention of plough marked the !eginning of agrarian societies ,--- years !ack 'he si$e of the agricultural societies increased as it lessened the !urden of large num!er of people who engaged themselves in other activities Agricultural societies lead to the esta!lishment of more ela!orate political institutions like formali$ed government !ureaucracy assisted !y the legal system It also leads to the evolution of distinct social classes &those who own the land and those who work on the other)s land .and is the ma(or source of wealth and is individually owned