Sie sind auf Seite 1von 4

Attitudes

Definition
An attitude is a mental and neutral state of readiness, organized through experience, exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon the individuals response to all objects situations with which it is related.

Components Of Attitudes

1: Cognitive component: It refers that's part of attitude which is related in general know how of a person, for example, he says smoking is injurious to health. Such type of idea of a person is called cognitive component of attitude. 2: Emotional component: This part of attitude is related to the statement which affects another person. For example, in an organization a personal report is given to the general manager. In report he point out that the sale staff is not performing their due responsibilities. The general manager forwards a written notice to the marketing manager to negotiate with the sale staff. 3: Behavioral Component: The behavioral component refers to that part of attitude which reflects the intension of a person in short run or in long run. For example, before the production and launching process the product. Report is prepared by the production department which consists of there intention in near future and long run and this report is handed over to top management for the decision.

Formation Of Attitudes

1) a) b) c)

Social Learning Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Observational Learning

a) Classical Conditioning A basic form of learning in which one stimulus initially neutral, acquires the capacity to evoke reactions through repeated pairings with another stimulus. In a sense one stimulus becomes a signal for the presentation or occurrence of the other. b) Operant Conditioning It is a basic form of learning in which responses that lead to positive outcomes or that permit avoidance of negative outcomes are strengthened. c) Observational Learning It is a basic form or learning in which individuals acquire new forms of behaviour thought observing others. Where attitude formation is concerned observational learning plays an important role.

2) Social Comparison The process through which we compare ourselves to others in order to determine whether our view of social reality is or is not correct, to the extent that our views agree with those of others, we conclude that our ideas and attitudes are accurate after all is othes hold these views these views must be brighter

3) Genetic Factors The attitude of identical twins separated early in life and raised in sharply contrasting environments correlate more highly than those of non-identical twins or unrelated persons. This finding provides evidence for the view that attitudes are influenced by genetic factors at least to some extent.

Prejudice Negative attitudes towards the members of some social group based on their membership in this group. It can be triggered in a seemingly automatic manner and can be implicit, as well as explicit in nature. Prejudice is a hostile or negative attitude toward a distinguishable group of people, based solely on their membership in that group. Prejudice like other attitudes influences our processing of social information, our beliefs about persons belonging to various groups, and our feelings about them. Prejudiced people direct their prejudice towards members of the group as a whole ignoring distinguishing characteristics. Prejudice persist because disparaging groups we dislike can boost our self-esteem and because stereotypes save us cognitive effects.

Stereotypes Stereotype is a generalization about a group of people in which identical characteristics are assigned to virtually all members if the group regardless of actual variation among the members. Stereotypes are cognitive frameworks consisting of knowledge and beliefs about specific social groups Information relevant to a particular stereotype is processed more quickly than information unrelated to it. Stereotype lead us to a more attention to specific types of information that os consistent with the stenotypes. And when information inconsistent with the stereotypes does manage to enter or consciousness, it may be actively refuted or simply denied The relevance or such effects is that once an individual has acquired a stereotype about some social group, he or she tends to notice information that fits into this cognitive framework and to remember facts that are consistent with-it more readily than facts that are inconsistent with it. The stereotype strengthens with time and may become more invulnerable new information or experiences simply cant change. Some researchers have described the stereotypes as inferential prisons- mental frameworks from which it is difficult if not imposable to escape

Marriage Marriage is a socially or ritually recognized union or legal contract between spouses that establishes rights and obligations between them, between them and their children, and between them and their in-laws. The definition of marriage varies according to different cultures, but it is principally an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged. Definition The process of marriage is a social construct or convention where two people willingly enter into either a religious or civil styled and yet legal contract to become husband and wife. Three Domains: 1) Living in a joint family 2) Children 3) Modernization

Living in a joint family In India it is found that marriage does not bring together not just two individuals but two families and sometimes villages. It is not a tool meant to secure for individuals satisfaction of a highly personal character, but a social mechanism designed to create and foster social solidarity. Children Children are necessary in a marriage for the transmission of culture. Parents transmit their culture to their offspring. Children also perpetuate the blood line and provide psychological satisfaction to the parents. Chaining nature of Marriage In contemporary urban society marriage is highly individualistic and it is the personal aspect of marriage the is emphasized.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen