EXPERIMENT NO.

1
IMPACT TEST ON AGGREGATE (Refer code IS: 2386(Part IV) AIM: TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT VALUE OF THE AGGREGATE. Aggregate impact value gives a relative measure of the resistance of aggregate to a sudden shock or an impact due to traffic loads. It measures the toughness of the aggregate. Apparatus a) Impact Testing machine b) Sieves c) Tamping rod d) Balance weighing machine e) Oven Procedure 1. The test sample consists of aggregate passing 12.5mm sieve and retained on 10mm sieve. 2. The sample before conducting the test is dried in oven at a temperature of 100 0C1100C for four hrs. 3. Aggregate after cooling is filled about one third full in the measure by giving 25 strokes at each layer. 4. The samples are filled to overflowing and surplus aggregate struck off by tamping rod as a straight edge. 5. The net weight of the aggregate in the measure in weighed (A). 6. The prepared specimen is placed at the base of the material and tamped again with the tamping rod. 7. The hammer is raised and subjected to 15 blows delivered at an interval of not less than one second. 8. The crushed aggregate is then removed and sieved with 2.36mm sieve until no significant amount of material passes. 9. This fraction of material in then weighed (B). Calculation Aggregate impact value- B/A x 100 WhereB = weight of fraction passing 2.36mm sieve. A = weight of oven dried sample Result: the value of impact for the given sample is

EXPERIMENT NO. 2 LOS ANGELES ABARASION TEST (Refer Code IS: 2386(Part IV) AIM: TO DETERMINE THE ABRASION VALUE OF THE AGGREGATE. Abrasion Test gives a measure of percentage wear due to relative wear due to the relative rubbing action between the aggregates and steel balls used as abrasive charge. When fast moving vehicles move on the road, the soil particles present between the wheel surface and road surface produce a rub on road stone. Hence in order to test the suitability of road stones to resist their abrading action, this test is carried out. Apparatus (a) Los Angeles Machine (b) Sieves (As given in table given below) Procedure 1. First of all clean the aggregate and dry in the oven at temperature of 105-110 degree centigrade. 2. Use any one of the grading of aggregate from table. 3. Aggregate conforming to any of the listed grading is placed in the machine along with abrasive charge depending upon the grading. 4. The cover is then fixed dust tight and rotated to 500 revolutions at a rate of 22-33 rev/min for grading A, B, C and D and 1000revolutions for grading E, F and G. 5. After the revolution the machine is sieved with 1.70mm sieve. 6. The material coarser to 1.70mm sieve is taken, washed and dried to a constant weight at a temperature of 1050C-1100C. Calculation The difference between the original weight and final weight expressed in percentage is reported as % of wear. The following table will give the number of ball in the abrasion machine. Sl.No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Grading A B C D E F G Number of Spheres 12 11 8 6 12 12 12 Weight of charge (g) 5000 25 458425 333020 250015 500025 500025 500025

This table will be for the grading of test sample

------------1250 ---1250 ---1250 2500 --1250 2500 ----2500 ---2500 ----5000 ----Result: The abrasion value of the aggregate is..

Sieve Size Passing Retained (mm) on (mm) 80 63 63 50 50 40 40 25 25 20 20 12.5 12.5 10 10 6.3 6.3 4.75 4.75 2.36

Weight in g of Test Sample For Grade A B C D E 2500 2500 5000 ---------

F --5000 5000 --------

G --5000 5000 -------

EXPEIRMENT NO.3
DETERMINATION OF SOFTENING POINT (IS 1205-1978) AIM: TO DETERMINE THE SOFTENING POINT OF THE BITUMEN Softening Point, gives an idea of the temperature at which the bituminous material attains a certain Viscosity. Softening Point: The temperature at which the substance attains a particular degree of softening under specified condition of test. Apparatus i. Ring and Ball Apparatus ii. Steel Balls 2 Nos. each 9.5 mm in diameter and weighing 3.5 0.05 g iii. Brass rings 2 Nos. Shall be tapered. Depth 6.4 0.1 mm Inside diameter at bottom 15.9 0.1 mm Inside diameter at top 17.5 0.1 mm Outside diameter 20.6 0.1 mm iv. Ball guide :v. Support : The rings shall be supported in a horizontal position with the upper surface of the rings 50 mm below the surface of the bath liquid. There shall be a distance of exactly 25 mm between the bottom of the rings and the top surface of the bottom plate of the support. The thermometer shall be suspended so that the bottom of the bulb: is level with the bottom of the rings and within 10 mm of the rings, but not touching them. Thermometer Water Bath:Stirrer: - Manual or Mechanical, which operates smoothly to ensure uniform heat distribution at all times through and the Bath. Procedure 1. Heat the Bitumen to a temperature between 75C and 100C above its softening point, stir until it is completely fluid and free form air bubbles and water. 2. Heat the rings at same temperature on a hot plate and place it on a glass plate coated with glycerin. 3. Fill up the rings with bitumen. 4. Cool it for 30 minutes in air and level the surface with a hot Knife. 5. Set the ring in the assembly and place it in the bath containing distilled water at 5C and maintain that temperature for 15 minutes. 6. Place the balls on the rings. 7. Raise the temperature uniformly @ 5C per minute till the ball passes through the rings and touches the bottom plate. 8. Note the temperature at which each of the ball and sample touches the bottom place of the support. 9. Temperature shall be recorded as the Softening Point of that Bitumen. Reporting of results Record for each ring and ball, the temperature shown by the thermometer at the instant the sample surrounding the ball touches the bottom plate of the support.

EXPERIMENT NO.4 DUCTILITY TEST

(IS: 1208-1978) AIM: TO DETERMINE THE DUCTILITY VALUE OF THE BITUMEN. Minimum ductility is necessary for a bitumen binder because of the temperature changes in the bituminous mixes and the repeated deformation that occur in flexible pavements due to the traffic loads. If the bitumen has low ductility value, the bituminous pavement may crack, especially in cold weather. Ductility :- The ductility of a bituminous materials measured by the distance in centimetres to which it will elongate before breaking when a briquette specimen pulled apart at a specified speed and at a specified term paradise. Mould: Made of brass Total length = 75.0 0.5 mm Distance between clips = 30.0 0.3 mm Width at mater of clip = 20.0 0.2 mm Width at minimum cross sections = 10.0 0.0 mm Water Bath: Filled with water. Testing machine: For pulling the briquette of bituminous material apart, any apparatus may be used which is so constructed that the specimen will be continually immediate in water 85 to 95 minutes. While the two clips are pulled apart horizontally with minimum vibrations at a uniform speed (5cm per minute), as specified and with suitable arrangement for stirring the water for attaining uniformity in temperature. Thermometer: To measure the temperature of water bath which would keep the temperature maintain upto room temperature. Procedure: i. The test shall be conducted at a temperature of 27 0.5C and at a rate of pull of 50.0 2.5 mm / min. ii. Completely melt the bituminous material to be tested to a temperature of 75 to 100C above the approximately softening point until it becomes thoroughly fluid. iii. Pour the material in a thin stream back and forth from end to end of the mould until it is more than level full. iv. Leave it to cool at the room temperature for 30 to 40 min. and then place in a water bath maintained at the specified temperature for 30 min. Testing :i. Place the bran plate and mould with briquette specimen, in the water bath and keep at the specified temperature for about 85 to 95 minutes. Then remove the briquette from the plate, detach the side pieces, and test the briquette immediately. ii. Attach the rings at each end of the clips to the pins or hooks in the testing machine and pull the two clips apart horizontally at a uniform speed as specified until the briquette ruptures. iii. Measure the distance in centimetres through which the clips have been pulled to produce rupture. Report: A normal test is one in which the material between the two clips pulls and to a point or to a thread and rupture occurs where the cross sectional area is a minimum. Result: the ductility value of the bitumen is .

EXPERIMENT NO.5
PENETRATION TEST OF BITUMEN (IS 1203-1978) AIM: TO DETERMINE THE HARDNESS OF THE BITUMEN. Penetration test is the commonly adopted test on bitumen to grade the material in terms of its hardness. a. To determine the consistency of Bituminous Material. b. To assess the Suitability of Bitumen for its use under different climatic conditions and type of construction. Penetration: The penetration of a bituminous material is the distance in tenths of a millimetre that a standard needle will penetrate vertically in to a sample of the material under standard conditions of temperature, load and time. Apparatus: Container: Metallic dish of 55mm in dia and 35mm depth. Needle : Highly polished, cylindrical, hard steel rod. Water bath: Penetration Apparatus: Thermometer: Procedure: i. Heat the Bitumen to 90C or above the softening point. ii. Pour in to the container at least 10mm above the expected penetration. iii.Allow the sample containers to cool in atmospheric temperature for one hour. iv. Place the sample containers in temperature controlled water bath at a temperature of 25C1C for a period of one hour. v. Fill the transfer dish with water from water bath to cover the container completely. vi. Take off the sample container from the water bath, place in the transfer dish and place under the needle of penetrometer, the total moving weight of 1000.25g. vii. Adjust the needle to make contact with surface of the sample. viii. See the dial reading and release the needle exactly for 5 seconds. ix. Note the final reading. x. The difference between the initial and final reading is taken as the Penetration Value in one tenth of mm. Observation Sheet:
Pouring Temperature, :. Period of Cooling in Water bath :.. Period of Cooling in atmosphere :.. Room temperature :... Actual test temperature : Sample No. Penetrometer Reading's Initial Final Penetration value Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Mean value

Report: Express the depth of penetration of the needle in one tenth of Millimetre

Results: The penetration value of the bitumen is ..

EXPERIMENT NO.6
FLASH & FIRE POINT (IS: 1209-1978) AIM: TO DETERMINE THE FLASH AND FIRE POINT OF THE BITUMEN. When the Bitumen or cutback is to be heated before mixing or application, utmost care is taken to see that heating is limited to a temperature well below the flash point. This is essential from safety point of view. Flash Point: The flash point of a material is the lowest temperature at which the application of test flame causes the vapour from the material momentarily catches fire in the form of a flash under specified conditions of test. Fire Point: The fire point is the lowest temperature at which the application of test flame causes the material to ignite and burn at least for 5 seconds under specified conditions of test. Apparatus: i. Cup ii.Stove iii.Thermometer Procedure: i) Fill Bitumen in to the cup up to the indicated mark. ii). Place the lid and set in the stove to heat the Bitumen. iii). Insert the thermometer. iv). Apply heat at 5C-6C per minute. v). Stir at the rate of 60 rpm. vi).First apply the test flame at a temperature at least 17C below the actual flash point and then at intervals of 1C to 3C. vii). Discontinue the stirring during the application of test flame. viii). Record the temperature reading on the thermometer at the time of the flame application which causes a bright flash to give the flash point of Bitumen. ix).Heating to continue until the volatiles ignites and material continues to burn for 5 seconds on application of flame. x). Record the temperature reading and report it as fire Point. Report: Normally the flash point shall be taken as the temperature read on the thermometer at the time of the flame application that causes a distinct flash in the interior of the cup. The heating shall be continued until the oil ignites and continues to burn for 5 seconds. The temperature of the material when this occurs shall be recorded as the fire point. Results: flash point of the bitumen is. Fire point of the bitumen is..