NAME : USNUL FIDIAWATI CLASS : X KP1

AGE

: 22 th

GENDER : Male DISEASE : Malaria

Abo t Malaria Malaria is a common infection in hot, tropical areas but can also occur (very rarely) in temperate climates. A serious illness, malaria can cause mild illness in some and life-threatening illness in others. Malaria can be cured if treated. It is caused by parasites of the Plasmodium species, which are carried by mos uitoes infected from biting someone who already has the disease. Malaria is then transmitted to other people when infected mos uitoes bite them. !arely, it is passed from person to person (from mother to child in "congenital malaria," or through blood transfusion, organ donation, or shared needles).

Si!"# a"$ S%&'to&# #arly symptoms of malaria can include irritability and drowsiness, with poor appetite and trouble sleeping. $hese symptoms are usually followed by chills, then a fever with rapid breathing. $he fever may either gradually increase over % to & days or may rise very suddenly to %'() * (+'.,) -) or above. $hen, as fever ends and body temperature uic.ly returns to normal, there/s an intense episode of sweating. $he same pattern of symptoms 0 chills, fever, sweating 0 may repeat at intervals of & or 1 days, depending on which particular species of malaria parasite is causing the infection. A$$itio"al S%&'to&# 2ther symptoms of malaria include headache, nausea, aches and pains all over the body (especially the bac. and abdomen), and an abnormally large spleen. -onvulsions or loss of consciousness may occur if malaria affects the brain. If it affects the .idneys, the amount of urine produced might be abnormally low. In (al)i'ar & &alaria, caused by the Plasmodium falciparum parasite, the episode of fever and chills is especially intense, and this variety may be fatal in about &'3 of cases.

2nce malaria parasites enter the bloodstream, they travel to the liver and multiply. #very few days, thousands of parasites are released from the liver into the blood, where they destroy red blood cells. $he incubation period for malaria is the time between the mos uito bite and the release of parasites from the liver. $his varies, depending on which malaria parasite is causing the disease. In general, it can range from %' days to a month. 4ith treatment, malaria can usually be cured in about & wee.s. 4ithout treatment, it can be fatal, especially in children who are poorly nourished.

Pre*e"tio" 5ealth authorities try to prevent malaria by using mos uito-control programs aimed at .illing mos uitoes that carry the disease. If you travel to an area of the world with a high ris. for malaria, you can install window screens, use insect repellents, and place mos uito netting over beds. Dia!"o#i# a"$ Treat&e"t 6octors diagnose malaria by using special blood tests. A blood sample is sent to the laboratory and chec.ed under a microscope for malaria parasites, which may be seen inside infected red blood cells. Malaria is treated with anti-malarial drugs, such as chloro uine or uinine, given by mouth, by in7ection, or intravenously (into the veins). 6epending on the type of parasite causing the malaria, a person can be treated as an outpatient over a few days or may re uire hospitali8ation with I9 medication. 6octors also watch for signs of dehydration, convulsions, anemia, and other complications that can affect the brain, .idneys, or spleen. $he patient may re uire fluids, blood transfusions, and breathing assistance. Malaria is a leading cause of death worldwide. It/s important to tell the doctor if there has been any travel to areas where malaria is present. If diagnosed early and treated, malaria can be cured. 5owever, many people who live in areas where malaria is common get repeated infections and never really recover between episodes of illness.

C+MPLAINT MALARIA :ince ; days before entering the hospital, the patient complained of sudden high fever. fever preceded by chills about 1' minutes. after a fever for about + hours, the fever will come down then arise sweat a lot so that the patient becomes wet clothes. after e<iting the sweat, the patient felt his condition improved. complaint patient feel severy day. *ever complaint was accompanied by wea.ness, headache, nausea without vomiting and poor appetite. *ever complaint was accompanied by that loo.s yellow eyes and a face thatloo.s pale. *ever complaint was not accompanied by a decrease in consciousness or convulsions. *ever complaint was not accompanied by decreasement of urination, change of urines color that get blac.ish. And complaint of defecation wasn=t found.

*ever complaint was not accompanied by severe pain in the calf or to ma.e thepatient unable to wal., bleeding in the eye, and do not live in flood 8ones. *ever complaint was not accompanied by a cough for more than three wee.s,sweat out in the evenings or drastic weight loss. *ever complaints was not accompanied by rapid breathing and or shortness of breath in time.

>#:IM?@AAB : Malaria merupa.an penya.it infe.si parasit yang disebab.an oleh plasmodium yang menyerang eritrosit dan ditandai dengan ditemu.annya bentu. ase.sual didalam darah. Infe.si malaria memberi.an ge7ala berupa demam, menggigil, anemia dan splenomegali. $erdapat beberapa parasit yang dapat menyebab.an penya.it malaria, yaitu plasmodium falciparum, viva<, malaria dan ovale. ?arasit ini mengguna.an nyamu. sebagai hospes definitifnya, yaitu nyamu. Anopheles. Ce7ala .linis penya.it ini terdiri dari 1 tahap, yaitu periode dingin, periode panas dan periode ber.eringat. ?enularan penya.it ini bias secara alami, yaitu melalui gigitan langsung nyamu. anopheles dan secara tida. alami yaitu secara bawaan dan secra me.ani.. 6iagnosanya dapat dilihat dari manifestasi .linis yaitu ter7adinya demam, imunnoserologi yaitu ditemu.annya antigen 5!?-&, pA65 dan aldolase dan lewat pemeri.saan mi.ros.opi. yaitu melihat morfologi sel darah merah yang terinfe.si dan melihat asam nu.leat pada parasit. Malaria ini dapat menyebab.an rasa sa.it, gangguan ota. hingga menyebab.an .ematian. ?emeri.saan dapat dila.u.an dengan lima metode, yaitu yang pertama mengguna.an mi.ros.opi. cahaya dengan melihat morfologi eritrosit yang terinfe.si, yang .edua mengguna.an mi.ros.op flouresensi dengan melihat asam nu.leat yang terdapat diparasit, yang .etiga dengan mengguna.an metode rapid test yaitu identifi.asi antigen yang terdapat pada serum sampel, yang .eempat mengguna.an dip-stic. yaitu identifi.asi antigen parasit malaria yang terdapat dalam serum sampel, yang .elima dengan mengguna.an ?-! yaitu dengan mengganda.an se.uens 6BAD!BA yang spesifi. dengan mengguna.an primer oligonu.leotida yang spesifi. pula lalu dibaca mengguna.an ele.troforesis.