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Ever thing ou have learned in this curriculu!" #ro! the $asics o# the ga!e" how the pieces !ove" the #unda!ental principles o# develop!ent and %pening strateg " to tactics" $asic and advanced pawn pla " and #inall Endga!e techni&ue has prepared ou #or this #inal lesson' (ou are al!ost an e)perienced scholastic chess pla er read to take on the world o# high*level tourna!ent chess + and succeed! ,ut''' how does it all co!e together- Learning to appl what ou know is o#ten !uch !ore i!portant than knowing ever thing .i# that were even possi$le/' Possessing the a$ilit or thinking tools to #igure out so!ething ou don't know or a position ou have never seen" is far more important than your ability to memorize what ou are taught' Let0s talk a$out planning and critical thinking skills' How can ou transition #ro! 1ust knowing things to actuall applying things ou learned in our own chess ga!es- 2t isn0t alwa s eas " $ut let0s tr to si!pli# a #ew i!portant concepts''' Critical Thin ing! "rganzing #our Thoughts! an$ %in$ing a Plan& the "pening' cuuuuuuuuC (ou now know there are !an things" perhaps too !an " to (rhb1kgn4} think a$out even $e#ore our #irst !ove' ,elow is a guide o# 70p0p0p0p} our reco!!ended steps to success #or putting together 6wdwdwdwd} what ou know a$out the %pening stage o# a chess ga!e:
3on0t 1ust develop pieces" develop plans! (o) to& 1/ 4tart out $ alwa s attacking the center5 6/ 7s the pawn structure changes di##erent paths .diagonals" s&uares and #iles/ will $eco!e availa$le to our pieces' ,e willing to change and relocate5 8/ 7s the structure $eco!es clear" develop a plan #irst and then develop our pieces accordingl 5 9/ 2t is a wrong thought to sa " %:" 2 will 1ust develop and get castled and then #ind a plan' Thin about the plan from the beginning' Page 1 o# <
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Lesson 20
Critical Thin ing! "rganzing #our Thoughts! an$ %in$ing a Plan& the *i$$legame' cuuuuuuuuC The =iddlega!e is the ulti!ate $attle#ield where ou and (wdr4wdkd} our opponent0s ar!ies collide" o#ten in heaps o# #orks" pins" 70whw1pgp} skewers and other tactics' :nowing how to #ind and target 6b0wdpdpd} positional weaknesses is also essential:
>o hope chess! 7lwa s pla what0s $est! Hope chess is when ou are pla ing #or tactics or tricks that are $ased on our opponent missing our threat or not playing the &est move' (o) to& 7ttack in the direction o# our pawns" or in the center i# it is open5 Look #or ,ig 8 opportunities: Can ou check" can ou capture" can ou attack the QueenFind and target positional weaknesses #irst and #ore!ost" as the are the enduring #eatures in the ga!e' (our opponent !ight #ind the $est !oves" $ut i# ou are attacking so!ething that is positional and can0t $e undone" his?her $est !oves can0t stop ou!
Critical Thin ing! "rganizing #our Thoughts! an$ %in$ing a Plan& the +n$game' cuuuuuuuuC 2# an Endga!e is reached where one side has a signi#icant (wdwdwdr.} !aterial advantage" we will toss those ga!es up to 70wdwdpd-} techni&ue" $ecause those positions should $e winna$le $ 6w/ndpdw.} keeping it simple (Lesson 16) Here we are going to talk 5dwdwdwd-} !ore a$out the critical thinking process o# a roughl e&ual &wdwdwdP.} Endga!e:
In this game white played ,.)f-!! protecting the g%' pawn so that he might advance the passed h' pawn. +y recogni.ing that advantage! white was a&le to achieve a winning position &ecause of the outside passed h'pawn. /he game ended in a draw due to later mista*es &y white.
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Less pieces !eans less roo! #or !istakes! (o) to& @n#ortunatel " !an pla ers pla Endga!es like the opposite is true .!eaning with less pieces" the !ove &uickl and spend little e##ort/5 !on't do that! The correct approach to an Endga!e is to think o# it as less roo! #or error and !ake ever decision like it could $e our last5 Take a !o!ent to see what positional weaknesses have carried over #ro! the =iddlega!e' Target the opponent0s weaknesses and de#end our own5 3o ou have an passed pawns- 2# es" develop a plan o# advance!ent' 3o ou have an pretending passed pawns- 2# es" develop a plan to trade' Prevent our opponent #ro! doing the sa!e'
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Lesson 20
The $ad news- Ever check!ate attack and tactic ou tr to co!e up with #or oursel#" ever plan $ased on targeting a positional weakness" and ever single thing we covered in Part 1 that should $e your thought process is also going to #actor into your opponent,s plan! 4o what do we doAelco!e to chess" the !ost di##icult ga!e in the world! That0s what it0s all a$out: Learning as !uch as ou can + which ou are doing $ reading this curriculu! + learning how to appl it + which is what we worked on in Part 1 + and now" realiBing that stopping our opponent #ro! doing the sa!e" while carr ing out our own plans" is what !akes chess so hard' Like !ost o# the last #ew lessons" we0re going to give the short and si!ple version o# ver deep" and ver advanced chess concepts + so don0t get #rustrated i# it is a lot to take in' 2nstead" #ocus again on the #act that instilling these general concepts and critical thinking skills in our ga!es is $etter earlier rather than later' The -efinition of Prophylactic Thin ing in Chess& cuuuuuuuuC Proph la)is or proph lactic thinking is the act o# #ocusing not (wdk4wgw4} onl on stopping our opponent0s i!!ediate threats or 70p0n1pdw} tactics" $ut on preventing their overall plans and goals from 6wdwdbdw0} &ecoming reality' 2t is de#ined loosel as #uture de#ensive 5dQdpdwdw} !indedness or thinking de"ensi#ely a$out the #uture'
7s ou i!prove" recogniBing and stopping our opponent0s immediate threats isn0t too hard" et even a!ong the $est pla ers in the world" proph lactic thinking is a skill to $e ac&uired and i!proved upon' 2t takes a lot o# discipline to think a$out our opponent #irst" and put our plans second .doesn0t sound #un does it-/" $ut it is ulti!atel the road to chess success' 2n this ga!e" Frank =arshall 1ust pla ed 1'''C*C*C against Aorld Cha!pion E!anuel Lasker' 3id =arshall !iss 6'>)dD- Think a$out our weaknesses! Page 8 o# <
Lesson 20
Prophylactic Thin ing! +.ample 2& Lautier! /0 1 2asparov! G0 Tilburg 3445 362 cuuuuuuuuC 2n this #a!ous ga!e the #irst grand!aster #ailed to appl (wdwdwdw4} proph lactic thinking when he pla ed 6C'Ec<-" and the 7$wdwgk0p} second .the reigning Aorld Cha!pion at the ti!e no less/ 6wdpdp0wd} #ailed to punish hi!' This e)a!ple" like the previous" tells us 5dwdwdwdw} to alwa s $e aware o# our potential weaknesses" even i# we &w)wdPdwd} don0t see an i!!ediate wa #or the! to $e attacked'
3dwdwdwdw} 2wGwdw)P)} Ahite0s potential weakness we re#er to is the $ack rank' 7#ter %dwdwdwIw} 1'Ec<" a draw was agreed as $oth sides si!pl assume$ the #$%&'()*+, c*pawn would $e traded #or the $*pawn' However" 6C'''cD!!
4ven if you don't see how your opponent can e2pose your wea*ness! always &e aware of it! would have won the ga!e! 2# white pla s 61'$)cD then 61'''E$F and suddenl white is losing either the $6*,ishop or getting $ack rank check!ated' 2# white does nothing a#ter 6C'''cD" $lack will win the $*pawn'
Prophylactic Thin ing! +.ample 7& %ischer! 80 1 9olbochan! /0 :toc holm 34;2 3<0 cuuuuuuuuC 2n this ga!e the great 7!erican cha!pion" ,o$$ Fischer" (wdr1w4kd} has 1ust esta$lished his :night on the strong outpost at dD' He 7dwdwgp0p} now has the option to keep the :night on this post and tr to 6pdw0wdwd} develop an attack .likel on the :ingside/ or consider trading 5dpdN0w)w} the :night #or the ,ishop on e<" at the chance o# winning the &wdwdPdw)} dG*pawn' Proph la)is-
3dwdwdPd"} 2P)P1wdwd} 1'>)e<H would $e a terri$le !ove" not onl $ecause it gives %d0d"dwdw} up the :night #or that ,ig Pawn on e<" $ut also $ecause #$%&'()*+, a#ter 1'''I)e< 6'I)dG would lose i!!ediatel to 6'''E#dF!!'
5hen you calculate! always consider your opponent's ideas too! either winning white0s Iueen or delivering $ack rank check!ate a#ter 8'I)e< E)d1J' 3id ou recogniBe white0s potential weakness as the $ack rank !ate here-
Prophylactic Thin ing! +.ample =& Teschner! 80 1 Portisch! L0 *onaco 34;4 362 cuuuuuuuuC 2n our #inal e)a!ple" it is white to pla ' Teschner was down a (kdrdrdwd} pawn and so pla ed the !ove 6K'E)dD-- He clearl was not 70pdwdwdp} thin ing prophylacticly a$out his weaknesses .or at least 6w1wdwdwd} not enough/' Fortunatel #or hi! however" the great Portisch 5dwdpdN0w} wasn0t aware o# white0s weakness either'
Portisch responded with 6K'''IaG-" co!pletel !issing 6K'''I#6!!" threatening 8C'''I#1 check!ate and winning the ga!e on the spot' 6K'''IaG was !et $ 8C'>g8" which de#ended ever thing' Ahite went onto draw the ga!e despite !aking that horri#ic $lunder on !ove 6K' >ote i# a#ter 6K'''I#6 $lack pla s 8C'E)#6 then 8C'''Ee1H and !ate'
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Lesson 20
Perpetual Chec & The >ever<+n$ing<"n<Going<+ternity of Chec s' cuuuuuuuuC 7 perpetual check occurs when one side can #orce a draw (khNdwdwd} $ a ne#er ending series o" checks These checks !ust 7dpdwdwdw} $e unavoida$le #or it to trul $e considered a perpetual' 6p.wdwdwd} %#ten" a perpetual check is used as a $ail out when one 5dwdwdwdw} pla er is worse" perhaps even losing" without the perpetual'
Here" white is worse" and needs to use the perpetual check .!oves listed $eneath the diagra!/ in order to save the ga!e' Ahite would have decent drawing chances without it" $ut $est pla would surel lead to $lack capitaliBing on the two pawn advantage and winning the ga!e'
Perpetual Chec Can :ave #our 9a$ Position cuuuuuuuuC %ur second e)a!ple shows a position where" unlike the (kdwdwdwd} #irst" white would have no chance o# saving the ga!e 7dpdwdwdw} without a possi$le perpetual check against the open $lack 6wdpdw4wd} :ing' %#ten a situation like this !ight occur i# white .or 5dwdQdwhw} either pla er depending on the ga!e/ has sacri#iced so!e &wdwgwdwd} !aterial #or an attack" et when the attack co!es up short 3dPdw1 dw} + white !ust look #or a wa to $ail out with a perpetual'
2PdwdwdP)} %dwdwdwd0} Ahite has to $e care#ul here with which check to give #irst: #$%&'()*+, 1'IdFH or 1'IaDH + which do ou think- 1'IdF!H is
5hite's attac* came up short! and so white must ta*e the perpetual chec* in order to hold a draw.
necessar ' 7#ter 1''':a< white achieves perpetual with 6'IaDH :$F 8'IdFH :a< 9'IaDH :$F D'IdFH" etc' 1'IaDH #irst would lose as it allows $lack0s ,ishop to $lock on a<' 7#ter: 1''',a< 6'IdFH ,$F 8'IaDH and 8'''Ia<!" winning'
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Lesson 20
Our final lessons involve two very important rules that every chess player! scholastic or otherwise! needs to *now. Other than a draw reached from perpetual chec*! a draw reached &y mutual agreement 9 meaning one player offers and the other accepts 9 or the classical )ing vs )ing draw! there are two other ways a chess game can arrive at a draw! &oth of them applied in international tournament play. Three<%ol$ 8epetition 1 ?lso 2no)n as 8epetition of Position cuuuuuuuuC ,ecause this rule can $e slightl con#using" we will #irst (wdw.w.wd} &uote the e)act language #ro! the F23E .2nternational 7dwdwdp/w} Chess Federation/ hand$ook: The ga!e is drawn" upon a 6wdwdwdwd} correct clai! $ the pla er having the move" when the 5dwdwdw1p} sa!e position" #or at least the third ti!e .not necessaril $ &wdwdwdnd} se&uential repetition o# !oves/:
3dPdw)wdw} 2P1wdwdwd} a' is a$out to appear" i# he?she #irst writes his?her !ove on %d dwdwIw} his?her scoresheet and declares his?her intention to !ake #$%&'()*+, this !ove that repeats the position" or
0ote that three'fold repetition does not necessariliy have to &e reached &y chec*s :not the same as perpetual; though this game was agreed to a draw &y chec*s as neither player wanted to ris* losing. $' has 1ust appeared" and the pla er clai!ing the draw has the !ove' Ahat this !eans is that when a position has occurred three ti!es in the ga!e" either pla er can clai! a draw on their !ove' 2t !ust $e the e)act position however" not a single pawn changed! .,ut it doesn0t have to $e repeated in three consecutive !oves" which is what !an $elieve'/
The @0<*ove -ra) 8ule 1 The %n"orced -ra) -ue To of Lac of Progress' cuuuuuuuuC The #i#t *!ove draw rule was put in place to prevent pla ers (wdwdwdwd} #ro! pla ing #orever in drawn positions' ,asicall " the rule 7dwdwdwdw} prevents one side #ro! tr ing to win solel on ti!e or $ 6wdwdw$wd} causing his?her opponent #atigue .!ake the! tired/' The 5dwIwdwdw} rule states that a $ra) can be claime$ by either player if &wdwdwdwd} fifty moves have been ma$e Aby each playerB )ith no 3dwdwdw/w} captures or pa)n moves on either si$e0
2wdwdrdwd} %dwdwdwdw} =aking a capture and?or !oving a pawn are two things that #$%&'()*+, suggest progress in chess" so i# too !uch ti!e goes $
One e2ample of a dead drawn ending would &e <oo* vs <oo* 9 the fifty move rule prevents this game from going forever! without either" the ga!e is dee!ed" or can $e clai!ed" a draw' Fi#t !oves is considered !ore than enough ti!e to check!ate the opponent in an o# the $asic check!ate patterns .Lesson 9 #or e)a!ple/' This is wh it is i!portant to learn and !e!oriBe the $asic check!ate patterns!
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Lesson 20
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