Suffixes

A suffix goes at the end of a word. A prefix goes at the beginning. A suffix is a group of letters placed at the end of a word to make a new word. A suffix can make a new word in one of two ways: 1. inflectional (grammatical): for example, changing singular to plural (dog > dogs), or changing present tense to past tense (walk > walked). n this case, the basic meaning of the word does not change. !. derivational (the new word has a new meaning, "deri#ed" from the original word): for example, teach > teacher or care > careful

Inflectional suffixes
nflectional suffixes do not change the meaning of the original word. $o in "%#ery day walk to school" and "&esterday walked to school", the words walk and walked ha#e the same basic meaning. n " ha#e one car" and " ha#e two cars", the basic meaning of the words car and cars is exactly the same. n these cases, the suffix is added simply for grammatical "correctness". 'ook at these examples: suffix (s (en (s (ed (en (ing (er (est grammatical change plural plural (irregular) )rd person singular present past tense past participle past participle (irregular) continuous*progressi#e comparati#e superlati#e example original word dog ox like work eat sleep big big example suffixed word dogs oxen he likes he worked he has worked he has eaten he is sleeping bigger the biggest

Derivational suffixes
+ith deri#ational suffixes, the new word has a new meaning, and is usually a different part of speech. ,ut the new meaning is related to the old meaning ( it is "deri#ed" from the old meaning. +e can add more than one suffix, as in this example: deri#e (#erb) - tion . deri#ation (noun) - al . deri#ational (ad/ecti#e) 0here are se#eral hundred deri#ational suffixes. 1ere are some of the more common ones: suffix (ation (sion (er (cian (ess (ness (al (ary (ment (y (al (ary (able (ly (y (ful ad/ecti#es nouns making example original word explore hesitate persuade di#ide teach music god sad arri#e diction treat /ealous #ictor accident imagine tax brother ease sorrow forget example suffixed word exploration hesitation persuasion di#ision teacher musician goddess sadness arri#al dictionary treatment /ealousy #ictory accidental imaginary taxable brotherly easy sorrowful forgetful

(ly (i2e

ad#erbs

helpful terror pri#ate hyphen

helpfully terrorize pri#atize hyphenate

#erbs (ate

3ote that the suffix -er can con#ert almost any #erb into the person or thing performing the action of the #erb. 4or example: a teacher is a person who teaches, a lo#er lo#es, a killer kills, an obser#er obser#es, a walker walks, a runner runs5 a sprinkler is a thing that sprinkles, a copier copies, a shredder shreds.

Pengertian Suffixes
Suffix artinya 6Akhiran6. ,erikut ini adalah beberapa contoh akhiran yang sering muncul dalam ,ahasa nggris. -able, -ible (7A8A0) . membentuk Ad/ecti#e

breakable washable moveable

-able, (ible (8A30A$) . membentuk Ad/ecti#es

an admirable person an acceptable answer

(ion, (ation, (ition (A9$ *9:37 $ ) . ;embentuk 9ata ,enda

obsession admiration repetition

(en (;e<kan) . ;embentuk 9ata 9er/a

You can sweeten your drink with honey or brown sugar. If your belt is too tight then loosen it.

(ful (8%3=1) . ;embentuk Ad/ecti#es* 3ouns

a colourful picture a powerful person a tearful child a painful illness a truthful person two spoonfuls/spoonsful of sugar a mouthful of tea a houseful of people

(ify, (fy (;e<kan) . ;embentuk 9ata 9er/a

to simplify

to intensify to beautify The cement had solidified

(ism ( $;%) . ;embentuk 9ata ,enda

fanaticism fogeyism sexism

(ist (:rang yang melakoni) . ;embentuk 9ata $ifat dan 9ata ,enda

Marxist philosophy a feminist a sexist

(ize, (;e<kan) ,ritish dan Australia biasanya (ise . ;embentuk 9ata 9er/a

to modernize ( to make modern! to centralize

(less (0A38A) . ;embentuk Ad/ecti#es

"omething without meaning is meaningless. #e has no friends at all $ he is friendless.

(ment (..an) . ;embentuk kata benda

strong government successful management a great achievement

(ness (9e<an) . ;embentuk 9ata ,enda

sadness nervousness selfishness kindness the causes of homelessness

(ship (8er<an) . ;embentuk 9ata ,enda

lordship partnership craftsmanship friendship

(ward (9earah) . ;embentuk Ad/ecti#es

%t least we&re walking in a homeward direction. The living room has seaward facing windows. Take the northward road. %t last' to our great (oy we were sailing landward. Move onward three s)uares.

(wise (,erhubungan 7engan)

*hat shall we do foodwise $ do you fancy going out to eat+ Moneywise' of course' I&m much better off than I used to be. *hat do we need to take with us clothes,wise+ *e were very lucky weather,wise yesterday.

Inflectional Suffixes IS! tidak mengubah makna suatu kata, hanya mengubah gramatikal sa/a. 1. >ontoh $ (1) : (s (/amak). 6dog ?> dogs@ !. >ontoh $ (!) : (en (/amak). 6child ?> children@ ). >ontoh $ ()) : (s (untuk orang ketiga). 6like ?> he likes@ A. >ontoh $ (A) : (ed (masa lampau, past participle). 6work ?> he worked, he has worked@ B. >ontoh $ (B) : (en (past participle). 6eat ?> he has eaten@ C. >ontoh $ (C) : (ing (kontinu, progresif). 6eat ?> he is eating@ D. >ontoh $ (D) : (er (perbandingan). 6small ?> smaller@ E. >ontoh $ (E) : (est (superlatif). 6small ?> smallest@ $edangkan Derivational Suffixes DS! membuat kata baru mempunyai makna baru yang terkait dengan makna asli kata tersebut. 1. >ontoh 7$ (1) : (ation (men/adi kata benda). 6hesitate ?> hesitation@ !. >ontoh 7$ (!) : (sion (men/adi kata benda). 6persuade ?> persuasion@ ). >ontoh 7$ ()) : (er (men/adi kata benda). 6teach ?> teacher@ A. >ontoh 7$ (A) : (cian (men/adi kata benda). 6music ?> musician@ B. >ontoh 7$ (B) : (ess (men/adi kata benda). 6god ?> goddess@ C. >ontoh 7$ (C) : (ness (men/adi kata benda). 6happy ?> happiness@ D. >ontoh 7$ (D) : (al (men/adi kata benda). 6arri#e ?> arri#al@ E. >ontoh 7$ (E) : (ary (men/adi kata benda). 6diction ?> dictionary@

F. >ontoh 7$ (F) : (ment (men/adi kata benda). 6treat ?> treatment@ 1G. >ontoh 7$ (1G) : (y (men/adi kata benda). 6/ealous ?> /ealousy@ 11. >ontoh 7$ (11) : (al (men/adi kata sifat). 6accident ?> accidental@ 1!. >ontoh 7$ (1!) : (ary (men/adi kata sifat). 6imagine ?> imaginary@ 1). >ontoh 7$ (1)) : (able (men/adi kata sifat). 6fashion ?> fashionable@ 1A. >ontoh 7$ (1A) : (ly (men/adi kata sifat). 6brother ?> brotherly@ 1B. >ontoh 7$ (1B) : (y (men/adi kata sifat). 6ease ?> easy@ 1C. >ontoh 7$ (1C) : (ful (men/adi kata sifat). 6forget ?> forgetful@ 1D. >ontoh 7$ (1D) : (ly (men/adi kata keterangan*ad#erb). 6patient ?> patiently@ 1E. >ontoh 7$ (1E) : (i2e*ise (men/adi kata ker/a). 6terror ?> terrori2e*terrorise@ 1F. >ontoh 7$ (1F) : (ate (men/adi kata ker/a). 6liHuid ?> liHuidate@