( Healthcare ScenarioUnit Conversions, Dimensional Analysis, Body Mass Index and Weight Loss re!

ared "y# ete $asli% Healthcare Contri"&tor# 'erry 'at%o, (ranciscan Healthcare Introd&ction to Math 'eachers This scenario will: Introduce students to mathematical applications in the healthcare, fitness, and nutrition fields Increase familiarity with metric system Show unit conversion with dimensional analysis Give practice in substituting into algebraic equations Give practice in solving algebraic equations GLEs !ath "ocus Group, !arch #$, #%%&' ()()( ()()# ()()* ()()+ ()()$ ()(), #)()# #)()* #)#)( #)#)# #)#)+ *)#)# ()#)* *)*)( ()-)( *)*)# ()-)# +)#)( ()-)+ -)*)(
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Introd&ction The household where 0ordan grew up had an endless supply of pastries, snac1 foods, white bread, ice cream and candy) In fact, candy was a frequent reward for him as a child) If he cleaned his room, he was rewarded with candy) If he didn2t fight with his brother, more candy) In school, if he turned in an assignment, the teacher gave him candy) 3y the time he was a senior in high school, he was unmotivated and out of shape) 4uring a scheduled physical at "ranciscan 5ospital in Tacoma, the doctor e6amining him said little until the physical was complete) Then he sat down across from 0ordan, loo1ed him straight in the eye and told him he would not ma1e it to age thirty) 0ordan had a 3ody !ass Inde6 of +%)& 1g7m#, elevated blood pressure of (*,78#, a resting pulse rate of &8 and early signs of diabetes) 5is apathy and lac1 of motivation were also related to his poor health) 9hile he had long since become used to people teasing him about his weight and generally ma1ing fun of him, the matter:of:fact, uncompromising tone of the doctor struc1 him in a way that no one else had) 0ordan loo1ed in a mirror) 5e didn2t li1e what he saw) 5e 1new the doctor was right and although the doctor2s words stung his ego, he 1new he had to do something) !ore and more people in the ;nited States, including young people, are overweight or obese) <besity is associated with a great number of serious medical conditions that threaten life, and cause a decrease in the quality of life for those who suffer them)

# 'he Health Care Ind&stry = great number of professionals are dedicated to addressing the needs of those who are sic1, as well as those who wish to improve their quality of life or increase their overall health) In addition to doctors, nurses, medical technicians, and others who wor1 in hospitals and clinics, there are many professions in both clinical and non:clinical settings that help people become or stay healthy, including dieticians, nutritionists, personal trainers, and fitness coaches) 5ealthcare is a high growth industry representing appro6imately (-> of the gross domestic product G4?' in the ;nited States) 5ealthcare @obs range in salaries according to degree of s1ill and e6perience) !edical personnel shortages are critical, with the average age of most healthcare wor1ers over +-) The industry is increasingly reliant on technology and a wor1force that is s1illed at wor1ing effectively with people in a high tech environment) S1illed healthcare wor1ers can earn a good salary, and generally have a wide choice of geographic areas and wor1 settings where they can find employment) The doctor told 0ordan about "ranciscan2s weight loss program in which fitness coaches and nutritionists wor1 together to help participants to reach their goals) =s an intern, you have been assigned to help 0ordan and others with the calculations necessary to set goals and monitor progress) art )* Body Mass Index The fitness coach e6plained the body mass inde6 to the group) 3ody mass inde6 3!I' is the ratio of mass, in 1ilograms to the height, in meters squared, BMI = height # ) It has units kg of # ) The 3!I is used to calculate a person2s weight relative to his7her height in order to m compare it to an acceptable standard, but it is only an appro6imate assessment) "or e6ample, muscular individuals mesomorphic' tend to have inflated 3!I values) The general brea1down of 3!I values( is Starvation: less than ( =noretic n)'7=nore6ic ad@)': less than (&) ;nderweight: less than (,) Ideal: from (,)- to # <verweight: from #- to *% <bese: from *% to +% !orbidly <bese: greater than +% 0ordan is -2(( and weighs #8% lbs) To help him calculate his 3!I, it is necessary to convert his weight to 1ilograms and height to meters)
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BMI =

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9ith this 3!I, 0ordan was considered morbidly obese) 5elp 0ordan2s classmates calculate their 3!I) () .indy is -2*B and weighs #(- pounds) #) =le6 is $2#B and weighs #*, pounds) *) Sandra is -2$B and weighs (8$ pounds) art +* (inding a ,ood Weight The goal for improving one2s health is to have a reasonable weight, but not one that is so low it causes stress to maintain) 0ordan sets his 3!I goal at #-) 5e can use this goal to help calculate his desired weight) 9e will represent weight with the variable 9)
BMI = mass height # W

#- =

((), ) #

To solve for 9, multiply both sides of the equation by (),#)

#-((), ) = W
#

,( C 9) Thus, his goal weight is ,( 1ilograms) This can be converted to pounds using dimensional analysis)
#)# lb ,( kg ( kg =(&, lb

"or 0ordan, the ob@ective was clear) 5e needed to lose ((# pounds, which is over *,> of his weight) This can be calculated by
((# (%% = *,)$> ) #8%

Dow help 0ordan2s classmates calculate their goal weight and percent of body weight they must lose) () .indy would li1e a 3!I of #,) #) =le6 would li1e a 3!I of ##) *) Sandra would li1e a 3!I of #+)

art -* Calories To lose weight, it is necessary to e6pend more calories than are consumed) .alories are a measure of energy, thus food calories represent the energy stored in food) .alories burned during e6ercise represent the energy e6pended doing the e6ercise) If more calories are consumed than e6pended, a person will gain weight) If more calories are e6pended than consumed, a person will lose weight) *,-%% e6cess calories create one pound of fat, which is the body2s way of storing energy#) E6pending *,-%% more calories than are consumed removes one pound of fat) The amount of calories used for simple e6istence is called the basal metabolic rate) =dditional calories are used for any actions beyond this minimal e6istence) In particular, e6ercise is an e6cellent way to increase caloric output) The basal metabolic rate 3!/' is calculated using the formulas below: The original equations from 5arris and 3enedict are:

for men, $$)+&*% E (*)&-($ F w' E -)%%** F s' G $)&--% F a' for women, $--)%8-- E 8)-$*+ F w' E (),+8$ F s' G +)$&-$ F a' H

where w C weight in 1ilograms, s C stature in centimeters, and a C age in years* <nce the 3!/ is 1nown and the amount of e6ercise is determined, the daily caloric inta1e can be calculated) The 3!/ formula requires a weight in 1ilograms, which is already 1nown for 0ordan) The height is in centimeters, which is the height in meters times (%%) 0ordan is (, years old) 0ordan2s height in centimeters is (),% m (m =(,% cm ) Substitute into the formula for men) 3!/ C $$)+&*% E (*)&-($ F w' E -)%%** F s' G $)&--% F a' 3!/ C $$)+&*% E (*)&-($ F 81' E -)%%** F 180' G $)&--% F 18' 3!/ C (8-8 calories
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Since this value is dependent upon weight, it will need to be recalculated periodically as 0ordan loses weight) 5elp 0ordan2s classmates find their 3!/) () .indy is a *% year old female) #) =le6 is a *& year old male) *) Sandra is a +# year old female) 3esides the calories required for simple e6istence, the primary source of caloric e6penditure will come from an e6ercise program) 0ordan was given several options for an e6ercise program) 5e decides he would li1e to learn rowing, since he lives in the ?uget Sound region) /owing is one of the best sports for burning calories and improving cardiovascular fitness) It has the added benefit of being non:weight bearing) =lso, rowing clubs e6ist in the region, providing competitions for all ability levels) It is estimated that rowers burn over &%% calories per hour) 3efore calculating his caloric inta1e, 0ordan must determine his caloric output) 5is goal is to consume about -%% calories less per day then he e6pends) That way, in the course of one wee1, he would use *-%% more calories then he consumes, resulting in the loss of one pound per wee1, an e6cellent rate for losing weight) The amount of calories 0ordan burns each day is equal to his basal metabolic rate plus those used in e6ercise) Thus .alories burned C (8-8 E &%%h, where h represents hours of rowing) This equation fits the form of the word equation: calories burned C 3!/ E E6ercise calories per hour I number of hours The algebraic equation can be written .C3 E Eh) The variable h is the independent variable in this linear equation) The variable . is the dependent variable) 3 represents the basal metabolic rate and E is the rate of caloric usage during e6ercise) . will depend upon the number of hours of e6ercise that are done) The calories that are burned each day can be determined by deciding on the time in hours' to be spent on the e6ercise, substituting the value into the equation for h, and simplifying) It is important not to start with too much e6ercise, so assume 0ordan starts with (- minutes, or %)#- hour per day) Then . C (8-8 E &%% %)#-') Simplifying gives . C #(*+ calories) If he eats -%% fewer calories than he burns, then his daily inta1e of calories will be ($*+) .reate an equation for each of 0ordan2s classmates that can be used to compute their daily caloric e6penditure) () .indy2s chosen e6ercise burns *-% calories7hour)

$ #) =le62s chosen e6ercise burns -%% calories7hour) *) Sandra2s chosen e6ercise burns +#- calories7hour) ;se the formulas and the time spent e6ercising to determine the number of calories burned per day) () .indy will e6ercise for %)- hours7day) #) =le6 will e6ercise for %)&- hours7day) *) Sandra will e6ercise for %)*- hours7day) If the goal is to consume -%% fewer calories than are burned, how many calories can .indy, =le6 and Sandra consumeJ

art .* What to /at /ecommendations vary for the distribution of calorie among the three essential food groups: proteins, fats and carbohydrates) =ssume 0ordan plans for his caloric inta1e to be in the proportion of (-> proteins, *%> fat and --> carbohydrates) The energy yield per gram is as follows: .arbohydrate + calories, "ats 8 calories and ?rotein + calories) This information can be used to determine the number of grams of proteins, fats and carbohydrates 0ordan should eat each day)
( g protein ($*+ cal %)(- = $( g protein + cal ( g fat ($*+ cal %)* 8 cal = -+ g fat

( g carbohydrates ($*+ cal %)-- = ##- g carbohydrates + cal

Dow that you have seen how 0ordan calculated his caloric inta1e, help the others in the class) () .indy wants a diet that is #%> protein, (%> fat, &%> carbohydrates #) =le6 wants a diet that is #-> protein, *%> fat, +-> carbohydrates *) Sandra wants a diet that is (-> protein, #-> fat, $%> carbohydrates

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0ust before class ends, =ntonio arrives and you need to help him determine the amount of proteins, fats and carbohydrates he should be consuming daily) The necessary information you need to determine this is provided in the table)

art 0* 1evie2 Dame: =ntonio =ge: #, Se6: !ale 5eight: $2+ 9eight: *+$ lbs 3!I Goal: #* E6ercise .alories: $#- calories7hour Dutrient distribution: +%> protein, *-> fat, #-> carbohydrates "ind: 3!I: > of body weight to lose 3!/ Equation for calculating .alories burned per day .alories to be consumed per day Grams of protein per day Grams of fat per day Grams of carbohydrates per day