Exam Name___________________________________ SHORT ANSWER.

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. 1)

What distinguishes work done by conservative versus nonconservative forces? 1) _____________

TRUE/ A!SE. Write "T" i# the statement is true and " " i# the statement is #alse. 2)

Work is a vector quantity 2) _______

!)

"he work required to stretch a s#ring changes $inear$y with the amount of stretch !) _______

%)

&inetic energy is a sca$ar quantity %) _______

')

&inetic energy is #ro#ortiona$ to mass ') _______

()

&inetic energy is #ro#ortiona$ to s#eed () _______

))

*rob$ems invo$ving a non-conservative force cannot be so$ved because there is no definab$e #otentia$ energy )) _______

$U!T%&!E 'HO%'E. 'hoose the one alternati(e that best completes the statement or answers the question. +)

,an work be done on a system if there is no motion? +) _______ -)

.es/ since motion is on$y re$ative 0)

.es/ if the sum of the externa$ forces is 1ero ,)

.es/ if an externa$ force is acting on the system 2)

No/ since work invo$ves a non-1ero dis#$acement E)

No/ since a system which is not moving has no energy

3)

Which of the fo$$owing is not a unit of work? 3) _______ -)

&w-h 0) 4 ,) &g-m5s 2) W-s E) N-m

16)

"he area under the curve/ on a 7orce-#osition 87-x) gra#h/ re#resents 16) ______ -)

kinetic energy 0)

friction ,)

work 2)

#ower E)

efficiency

11)

"wo men/ 4oe$ and 4erry/ #ush against a wa$$ 4erry sto#s after 16 min/ whi$e 4oe$ is ab$e to #ush for ' 6 min $onger ,om#are the work they do 11) ______ -)

4erry does '69 more work than 4oe$ 0)

4oe$ does )'9 more work than 4erry ,)

4oe$ does '69 more work than 4erry 2)

4oe$ does 2'9 more work than 4erry E)

Neither of them do any work

12)

Work done by :"-";, 7<;,";=N is a$ways 12) ______ -)

a$ong the surface 0)

1ero ,)

#ositive 2)

#er#endicu$ar to the surface E)

negative

1!)

.ou throw a ba$$ straight u# ,om#are the sign of the work done by gravity whi$e the ba$$ goes u# with the sign of the work done by gravity whi$e it goes down 1!) ______ -)

Work u# is +/ and the work down is + 0) Work u# is -/ and the work down is ,)

Work u# is +/ and the work down is 2) Work u# is -/ and the work down is +

1%)

=n a #$ot of 7 vs x/ what re#resents the work done by the force 7? 1%) ______ -)

the maximum 7 times minimum x 0)

the $ength of the curve ,)

the area under the curve 2)

the s$o#e of the curve E)

the #roduct of the maximum force times the maximum x

1')

,onsider an idea$ e$astic s#ring "he s#ring constant is 1') ______ -)

#ro#ortiona$ to the mass attached to the s#ring 0)

inverse$y #ro#ortiona$ to the a##$ied force ,)

#ro#ortiona$ to dis#$acement from equi$ibrium 2)

inverse$y #ro#ortiona$ to the dis#$acement E)

none of the other answers

Use Figure 5-1 below to answer the following question(s). i)ure *-+

1()

Which of the gra#hs above i$$ustrates >ooke?s @aw? 1() ______ -)

gra#h a 0)

gra#h b ,)

gra#h c 2)

gra#h d E)

none of the above

1))

"he work energy theorem says 1)) ______ -)

fina$ kinetic energy #$us the net work done is the initia$ kinetic energy 0)

the net work done is equa$ to the initia$ kinetic energy $ess the fina$ energy ,)

the net work done #$us the initia$ kinetic energy is the fina$ kinetic energy 2)

the net work done #$us the fina$ kinetic energy is the initia$ kinetic energy E)

the net work done minus the initia$ kinetic energy is the fina$ kinetic energy

1+)

,ar 4 moves twice as fast as car &/ and car 4 has ha$f the mass of car & "he kinetic energy of car 4/ com#ared to car & is 1+) ______ -)

2 to 1 0) the same ,) to 1 2) 1 to 2 E) % to 1

13)

;f both the mass and the ve$ocity of a ba$$ are tri#$ed/ the kinetic energy is increased by a factor of 13) ______ -)

1+ 0) 2) ,) +1 2) 3 E) (

26)

- truck weighs twice as much as a car/ and is moving at twice the s#eed of the car Which statement is true about the truck?s kinetic energy 8&) com#ared to that of the car? 26) ______ -)

"he truck has twice the & of the car 0)

"he truck has + times the & of the car ,)

"he truck has

times the & of the car 2)

-$$ that can be said is that the truck has more & E)

"he truck has % times the & of the car

21)

- 266-g mass attached to the end of a s#ring causes it to stretch ' 6 cm ;f another 266-g mass is added to the s#ring/ the #otentia$ energy of the s#ring wi$$ be 21) ______ -)

times as much 0)

! times as much ,)

% times as much 2)

twice as much E)

the same

22)

.ou and your friend want to go to the to# of the Eiffe$ "ower .our friend takes the e$evator straight u# .ou decide to wa$k u# the s#ira$ stairway/ taking $onger to do so ,om#are the gravitationa$ #otentia$ energy 8A) of you and your friend/ after you both reach the to#/ assuming that you and your friend have equa$ masses 22) ______ -)

0oth of you have the same amount of #otentia$ energy 0)

.our friend?s A is greater than your A/ because she got to the to# faster ,)

;t is im#ossib$e to te$$/ since the times and distances are unknown 2)

.our A is greater than your friend?s A/ because you trave$ed a greater distance in getting to the to#

2!)

;s it #ossib$e for a system to have negative #otentia$ energy? 2!) ______ -)

No/ because this wou$d have no #hysica$ meaning 0)

.es/ as $ong as the tota$ energy is #ositive ,)

.es/ as $ong as the tota$ energy is negative 2)

.es/ since the choice of the 1ero of #otentia$ energy is arbitrary E)

No/ because the kinetic energy of a system must equa$ its #otentia$ energy

2%)

- $eaf fa$$s from a tree ,om#are its kinetic energy & to its #otentia$ energy A 2%) ______ -)

& decreases/ and A decreases 0)

& increases/ and A decreases ,)

& decreases/ and A increases 2)

& and A remain constant E)

& increases/ and A increases

2')

"he tota$ mechanica$ energy of a system 2') ______ -)

is equa$$y divided between kinetic energy and #otentia$ energy 0)

can never be negative ,)

is constant on$y if conservative forces act 2)

is either a$$ kinetic energy or a$$ #otentia$ energy/ at any one instant E)

is constant on$y if nonconservative forces act

2()

&ing &ong fa$$s from the to# of the Em#ire :tate 0ui$ding/ through the air 8air friction is #resent)/ to the ground be$ow >ow does his kinetic energy 8&) Bust before striking the ground com#are to his #otentia$ energy 8A) at the to# of the bui$ding? 2() ______ -)

& is equa$ to A 0) & is greater than A ,)

& is $ess than A 2) ;t is im#ossib$e to te$$

Use Figure 5-2 below to answer the following question(s). i)ure *-,

2))

;n 7igure '-2/ showing a #endu$um/ at what #osition is the #otentia$ energy maximum? 2)) ______ -)

0) 0 ,) ,

2+)

;n 7igure '-2/ showing a #endu$um/ at what #osition is the kinetic energy maximum? 2+) ______ -)

0) 0 ,) ,

A ball is released, from rest, at the left side of the loop-the-loop, at the height, h, as shown in Figure 5-3. i)ure *--

23)

<efer to 7igure '-! ;f the radius of the $oo# is </ what minimum height h a$$ows the ba$$ not to fa$$ off the track at the to# of the $oo#?

23) ______ -)

!'< 0) 2'< ,) < 2) !6< E) 26<

!6)

<efer to 7igure '-! ;f the radius of the $oo# is </ what vertica$ height does the ba$$ rise to/ on the other side/ neg$ecting friction? !6) ______ -)

2< 0) $ess than < ,)

greater than 2< 2) <

!1)

.ou s$am on the brakes of your car in a #anic/ and skid a certain distance on a straight/ $eve$ road ;f you had been trave$ing twice as fast/ what distance wou$d the car have skidded/ under the same conditions? !1) ______ -)

;t wou$d have skidded 0)

times farther

;t wou$d have skidded twice as far ,)

;t is im#ossib$e to te$$ from the information given 2)

;t wou$d have skidded ha$f as far E)

;t wou$d have skidded % times farther

!2)

- %-kg mass moving with s#eed 2 m5s/ and a 2-kg mass moving with a s#eed of % m5s/ are g$iding over a hori1onta$ friction$ess surface 0oth obBects encounter the same hori1onta$ force/ which direct$y o##oses their motion/ and are brought to rest by it Which statement correct$y describes the situation? !2) ______ -)

"he %-kg mass trave$s twice as far as the 2-kg mass before sto##ing 0)

"he %-kg mass $oses more kinetic energy than the 2-kg mass ,)

"he 2-kg mass trave$s twice as far as the %-kg mass before sto##ing 2)

"he 2-kg mass trave$s farther/ but not necessari$y twice as far E)

0oth masses trave$ the same distance before sto##ing

!!)

,om#ared to yesterday/ you did ! times the work in one-third the time "o do so/ your #ower out#ut must have been !!) ______ -)

one-third of yesterday?s #ower out#ut 0)

! times yesterday?s #ower out#ut ,)

the same as yesterday?s #ower out#ut 2)

3 times yesterday?s #ower out#ut E)

times yesterday?s #ower out#ut

!%)

"o acce$erate your car at a constant acce$eration/ the car?s engine must !%) ______ -)

maintain a constant turning s#eed 0) maintain a constant #ower out#ut ,)

deve$o# ever-decreasing #ower 2) deve$o# ever-increasing #ower

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. !')

- driver/ trave$ing at 22 m5s/ s$ows down her 1'66 kg car to sto# for a red $ight What work is done by the friction force against the whee$s? !') _____________

!()

- cyc$ist does work at the rate of '66 W whi$e riding With how much average hori1onta$ force does the whee$ #ush when she is trave$ing at 16 m5s? !() _____________

!))

- sim#$e #endu$um/ with a % % kg mass and $ength )' cm/ is re$eased from rest at an ang$e of '6 C 8a) "o what height does the mass swing on the other side? 8b) What is the s#eed of the mass at the bottom of the swing? !)) _____________

!+)

- fami$y goes on vacation for one week/ but forgets to turn off an e$ectric fan that consumes e$ectricity at the rate of 266 watts ;f the cost of e$ectricity is D6 1265kW-h/ how much does it cost to run the fan? !+) _____________

!3)

; $eft five 166 watt bu$bs burning in my basement for two weeks ;f e$ectricity costs me 16 E5kw-h/ how much did the e$ectricity cost 8to the nearest do$$ar) to $eave these bu$bs on and how many 4ou$es of e$ectrica$ energy did they consume? !3) _____________

%6)

2aisy raises 16 &g to a height of 2 ' meters in 2 6 seconds 8a) >ow much work did she do? 8b) >ow much #ower was ex#ended? 8c) ;f she raises it in 1 6 s rather than 2 6 s/ how do the work and #ower change? %6) _____________

%1)

@isa runs u# % f$ights of stairs in 22 seconds :he weighs '16 Newtons ;f each f$ight rises !16 cm 8a) What is her change in #otentia$? 8b) What average #ower 8watts) was required during the 22 s? 8c) What minimum horse#ower motor wou$d be required to do this? %1) _____________

$U!T%&!E 'HO%'E. 'hoose the one alternati(e that best completes the statement or answers the question. %2)

When you $ift a 12 ounce beverage can from the tab$e to# to your mouth/ you do a##roximate$y how much work? %2) ______ -)

1 &w-h 0) 1 4ou$e ,) 1 erg 2) 1 ,a$orie E) 1 Watt

%!)

Fatthew #u$$s his $itt$e sister :arah in a s$ed on an icy surface 8assume no friction)/ with a force of (6 6 Newtons at an ang$e of !) 6C u#ward from the hori1onta$ ;f he #u$$s her a distance of 12 6 m/ the work he does is %!) ______ -)

6 !!! k4 0) ')' 4 ,) 1+' 4 2) )26 4 E) %!! 4

%%)

- % 6 kg box of fruit s$ides + 6 m down a ram#/ inc$ined at !6 C from the hori1onta$ ;f the box s$ides at a constant ve$ocity of ' 6 m5s/ the work done by gravity is %%) ______ -)

1ero 0) -6 1( k4 ,) +)+ 4 2) 6 1( k4 E) -)+ 4

%')

- container of water is $ifted vertica$$y ! 6 m/ then returned to its origina$ #osition ;f the tota$ weight is !6 N/ how much work was done? %') ______ -)

6 1+ k4 0)

No work was done ,)

36 4 2)

6 36 k4 E)

%' 4

i)ure *-.

%() "he force that a squirre$ exerts on a nut it has found is observed over a 16 second interva$/ as shown in 7igure ' -% >ow much work did the squirre$ do during that 16 s? %() ______ -)

'6 4 0) 2' 4 ,) 1ero 2) 22 4 E) 12 ' 4

%))

"he resu$tant force you exert whi$e #ressing a key on the keyboard of your new com#uter/ for a 1 6-s #eriod/ is #$otted in 7igure '-' i)ure *-*

>ow much work did you do during this 1-s interva$? %)) ______ -)

-2' 4 0) 12 ' 4 ,) '6 4 2) 1ero E) 22 4

%+)

- 16 kg mass/ hung onto a s#ring/ causes the s#ring to stretch 2 6 cm "he s#ring constant is %+) ______ -)

%3 N5cm 0)

6 6626 N5cm ,)

' 6 N5cm 2)

6 26 N5cm E)

26 N5m

%3)

- s#ring is characteri1ed by a s#ring constant of (6 N5m >ow much #otentia$ energy does it store/ when stretched by 1 6 cm? %3) ______ -)

( 6 G4 0) (6 4 ,) 6 66! 4 2) 6!4 E) (66 4

'6)

.ou $ift a 16 $b #hysics book u# in the air a distance of 1 ft/ at a constant ve$ocity of 6 ' ft5s "he work done by gravity is '6) ______ -)

+' ft$b 0) 1ero ,) -' ft$b 2) -16 ft$b E) +16 ft$b

!"# "he following question(s) refer(s) to the $%&lone, the famous roller &oaster ride at $one% 'sland, shown in the s(et&h. Assume no fri&tion. i)ure *-/

'1)

<efer to 7igure '-( >ow much work was required to bring the 1666-kg ro$$er coaster from #oint * to rest at #oint H at the to# of the '6 m #eak? '1) ______ -)

6 2' F4 0) )' k4 ,) 6 %3 F4 2) !2 k4 E) '6 k4

'2)

<efer to 7igure '-( ;f the ro$$er coaster $eaves #oint H from rest/ how fast is it trave$ing at #oint <? '2) ______ -)

6 3+ km5s 0) 22 m5s ,) '1 m5s 2) !1 m5s E) 6 %3 km5s

'!)

<efer to 7igure '-( ;f the ro$$er coaster $eaves #oint H from rest/ what is its s#eed at #oint : 8at the to# of the 2' m #eak) com#ared to its s#eed at #oint <? '!) ______ -)

2 0) 1ero ,) % 2) 15 E)

'%)

<efer to 7igure '-( >ow fast must the coaster be moving at * in order to coast to a sto# at H? '%) ______ -)

6 %3 &m5s 0) 6 3+ &m5s ,) !1 m5s 2) 3 + m5s E) 22 m5s

'')

- toy rocket/ weighing 16 N/ b$asts off from ground $eve$ -t the exact to# of its traBectory/ its energy is 1%6 4 "o what vertica$ height does it rise? '') ______ -)

1%m 0) 1 % km ,) 6 12 km 2) 1% m E) 12 m

'()

-ssuming neg$igib$e friction/ what s#ring constant wou$d be needed by the s#ring in a I0-0 gunI to fire a 16 gram #e$$et to a height of 166 meters if the s#ring is initia$$y com#ressed 16 cm? '() ______ -)

26 N5m 0)

26

N5m ,)

26

N5cm 2)

266 N5m E)

26 N5cm

'))

;f a s#ring-o#erated gun can shoot a #e$$et to a height of 166 m on Earth/ how high cou$d the #e$$et rise if fired on the moon? ')) ______ -)

! (6 km 0) !(66 m ,) 166 m 2) 1( ) m E) (66 m

'+)

- sim#$e #endu$um/ consisting of a mass m/ is attached to the end of a 1 yd $ength of string/ as shown in 7igure ' -) i)ure *-0

;f the mass is he$d out hori1onta$$y/ and then re$eased from rest/ its s#eed at the bottom of the swing is about '+) ______ -)

% m5s 0) 16 m5s ,) 2 m5s 2) !6 m5s E) 1 ! m5s

'3)

What is the minimum energy needed to $ift 1 6 kg to a height of 266 km and to give it a s#eed of + 6 km5s? 8Neg$ect the sma$$ decrease of IgI over that distance ) '3) ______ -)

!% "4 0) !% 4 ,) !% F4 2) !% J4 E) !% k4

(6)

- boy re$eases his 2 6 kg toy/ from rest/ at the to# of a s$iding-#ond inc$ined at 26C above the hori1onta$ What wi$$ the toy?s s#eed be after s$iding % 6 m a$ong the s$iding-#ond? "he coefficient of kinetic friction is 6 26 (6) ______ -)

% % m5s 0) 2 2 m5s ,) ' 2 m5s 2) ! 6 m5s E) ! ' m5s

(1)

- !6 N stone is dro##ed from a height of 16 m/ and strikes the ground with a ve$ocity of 1! m5s What average force of air friction acts on it as it fa$$s? (1) ______ -)

6 1! &N 0) 12N ,) 23N 2) %1N E) )2N

(2)

- skier/ of mass (6 kg/ #ushes off the to# of a friction$ess hi$$ with an initia$ s#eed of % 6 m5s >ow fast wi$$ she be moving after dro##ing 16 m in e$evation? (2) ______ -)

1' m5s 0) 6 26 km5s ,) 16 m5s 2) %3 m5s E) 6 1' km5s

(!)

- 1 6 kg f$ash$ight fa$$s to the f$oor -t the #oint during its fa$$ when it is 6 )6 m above the f$oor/ its #otentia$ energy exact$y equa$s its kinetic energy >ow fast is it moving? (!) ______ -)

1% m5s 0) 3 + m5s ,) ( 3 m5s 2) ! ) m5s E) %' m5s

i)ure *-1

(%)

"he force that a squirre$ exerts on a nut it has found is observed over a 16 second interva$/ as shown in 7igure ' -+ What was the average #ower exerted by the squirre$? (%) ______ -)

22W 0) '6W ,) 1ero 2) 2'W E) 1!W

(')

Fy battery charger uses 12 watts -t ( 6 cents #er ki$owatt-hour/ how much does it cost to charge batteries for 2% hours? (') ______ -)

6 )% cents 0) 1 ) cents ,) 2 ! cents 2) 1 % cents E) 6 2+ cents

SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question. (()

- #assenger at an air#ort #u$$s a ro$$ing suitcase by its hand$e ;f the force used is 16 N and the hand$e makes an ang$e of 2'C to the hori1onta$/ what is the work done by the #u$$ing force whi$e the #assenger wa$ks 266 m? (() _____________

())

- father #u$$s his young daughter on a s$ed with a constant ve$ocity on a $eve$ surface through a distance of 16 m/ as i$$ustrated in 7ig ' 2!a ;f the tota$ mass of the s$ed and the gir$ is !' kg and the coefficient of kinetic friction between the s$ed runners and the snow is 6 26/ how much work does the father do? i)ure *.,- 2a3

()) _____________

(+)

- '66-kg/ $ight-weight he$ico#ter ascends from the ground with an acce$eration of 2 66 m5 =ver a ' 66-s interva$/ what is 8a) the work done by the $ifting force/ 8b) the work done by the gravitationa$ force/ and 8c) the net work done on the he$ico#ter? (+) _____________

(3)

;f a s#ring is com#ressed 2 6 cm from its equi$ibrium #osition and then com#ressed an additiona$ 2 6 cm/ how much more work is done in the second com#ression than in the first? Ex#$ain (3) _____________

)6)

"o measure the s#ring constant of a certain s#ring/ a student a##$ies a % 6-N force/ and the s#ring stretches by ' 6 cm What is the s#ring constant? )6) _____________

)1)

,om#ute the work done by the variab$e force in the gra#h of F versus ) in 7ig ' 2( K*int "he area of a triang$e is A = base L i)ure *.,/

a$titude

)1) _____________

)2)

.ou want to decrease the kinetic energy of an obBect as much as you can .ou can do so by either reducing the mass by ha$f or reducing the s#eed by ha$f Which o#tion shou$d you #ick/ and why? )2) _____________

)!)

- 2 '-g bu$$et trave$ing at !'6 m5s hits a tree and s$ows uniform$y to a sto# whi$e #enetrating a distance of 12 cm into the tree?s trunk What force was exerted on the bu$$et in bringing it to rest? )!) _____________

)%)

- 1266-kg automobi$e trave$s at 36 km5h 8a) What is its kinetic energy? 8b) What net work wou$d be required to bring it to a sto#? )%) _____________

)')

;f the work required to s#eed u# a car from 16 km5h to 26 km5h is ' 6 s#eed from 26 km5h to !6 km5h? )') _____________

4/ what wou$d be the work required to increase the carMs

)()

"wo cars trave$ from the bottom to the to# of a hi$$ by different routes/ one of which has more twists and turns -t the to#/ which has more #otentia$ energy? )() _____________

)))

- 6 26-kg stone is thrown vertica$$y u#ward with an initia$ ve$ocity of ) ' m5s from a starting #oint 1 2 m above the ground 8a) What is the #otentia$ energy of the stone at its maximum height re$ative to the ground? 8b) What is the change in the #otentia$ energy of the stone between its $aunch #oint and its maximum height? ))) _____________

)+)

- 1 66-kg b$ock 8+) is on a f$at friction$ess surface 87ig ' !6) "his b$ock is attached to a s#ring initia$$y at its re$axed $ength 8s#ring constant is '6 6 N5m) - $ight string is attached to the b$ock and runs over a friction$ess #u$$ey to a %'6 -g dang$ing mass 8m) ;f the dang$ing mass is re$eased from rest/ how far does it fa$$ before sto##ing? i)ure *.-4

)+) _____________

)3)

- ro$$er coaster trave$s on a friction$ess track as shown in 7ig ' !1 8a) ;f the s#eed of the ro$$er coaster at #oint - is what is its s#eed at #oint 0? 8b) Wi$$ it reach #oint ,? 8c) What minimum s#eed at #oint - is required for the ro$$er coaster to reach #oint ,? i)ure *.-+

)3) _____________

+6)

- 2+-kg chi$d initia$$y at rest s$ides down a #$ayground s$ide from a height of ! 6 m above the bottom of the s$ide ;f her s#eed at the bottom is 2 ' m5s/ what is the work done by nonconservative forces? +6) _____________

+1)

- hiker #$ans to swing on a ro#e across a ravine in the mountains/ as i$$ustrated in 7ig ' !!/ and to dro# when she is Bust above the far edge 8a) -t what hori1onta$ s#eed shou$d she be moving when she starts to swing? 8b) 0e$ow what s#eed wou$d she be in danger of fa$$ing into the ravine? Ex#$ain i)ure *.--

+1) _____________

+2)

- gir$ consumes + % she #roduces in a day? +2) _____________

4 82666 food ca$ories) of energy #er day whi$e maintaining a constant weight What is the average #ower

+!)

- construction hoist exerts an u#ward force of '66 N on an obBect with a mass of '6 kg :tarting from rest/ determine the #ower the hoist exerted to $ift the obBect vertica$$y for 16 s under these conditions +!) _____________

1)

Work done by a conservative force is inde#endent of the obBect?s #ath and the work on$y de#ends u#on the initia$ and fina$ #ositions Work done by nonconservative forces is #ath de#endent

2)

7-@:E

!)

7-@:E

%)

"<AE

')

"<AE

()

7-@:E

))

7-@:E

+)

3)

16)

11)

12)

1!)

1%)

1')

1()

1))

1+)

13)

26)

21)

22)

2!)

2%)

2')

2()

2))

2+)

23)

!6)

!1)

!2)

!!)

!%)

!')

!(

4ou$es

!()

'6 N

!))

8a) 2) cm 8b) 2 ! m5s !+)

D% 6!

!3)

D1) and ( 6'

4ou$es

%6)

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