Assignment 8

Explain the use of IMDG code/ MFAG/ MSDS. What are the precautions required for loading maga ines !explosi"es# in a General $argo Ship.
The International Maritime (rgani!ation "IM(# is responsible for maintaining and updating the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code "IMDG Code# which governs the vast majority of shipments of ha!ardous materials by water. The IMDG Code is intended to provide for the safe transportation of ha!ardous materials by vessel) protect crew members and to prevent marine pollution. The Code is based on the *+ Model ,egulations but also includes additional re&uirements applicable to the transport of ha!ardous materials by sea "e.g.) re&uirements for marine pollutants) freight containers loading procedures) stowage and segregation and other re&uirements applicable to shipboard safety and preservation of the marine environment# that are not covered by the *+ Model ,egulations. The IMDG Code is maintained and updated by IM(-s D.C .ub/Committee. Implementation of the Code is mandatory in conjunction with the governments- obligations under the International Convention for the .afety of 0ife at .ea ".(01.# and the International Convention for the 2revention of 2ollution from .hips "M1,2(0#.

Aim of the Code: To regulate the transport by sea of dangerous goods to reasonably prevent injury to person or damage to the ship. To regulate transport by sea of marine pollutants to prevent harm to the marine environment. However any regulation should not unnecessarily impede the movement of dangerous goods.

Principles of the IMDG Code:The IMDG Code is based on an internationally agreed system which groups dangerous goods together based on the ha!ards they present in transport "classification# contains the dangerous goods in pac$aging%tan$s which are of appropriate strength and which will prevent the goods escaping uses ha!ard warning labels and other identifying mar$s to identify dangerous goods in transport re&uires standard documentation to be provided when dangerous goods are being transported lays down principles for ensuring that those dangerous goods which will react dangerously together are $ept apart

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Assignment 8

lays down principles for where to place dangerous goods on board ship to ensure safe transport provides emergency response advice for dangerous goods involved in a fire or spillage on board ship

General Introduction of the Code :The International Maritime Dangerous Goods "IMDG# Code is based on the report of the *nited +ations Committee of 34perts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods ) which also forms the basis for legislation and recommendations for transport of Dangerous Goods by other modes / road) rail and air. The IMDG code is composed of 5 parts) comes in 6 volumes and a .upplement. The 6 volumes cover details of dangerous goods) all of which are subdivided into 9 classes.

Contents Of IMDG Code:7olume '

21,T ' 8 General 2rovisions) Definition and Training. 21,T 6 8 Classification 21,T 9 8 2ac$ing and Tan$ 2rovisions 21,T : 8 Consignment 2rocedures 21,T ; 8 Construction and testing of pac$aging) intermediate bul$ containers"I<C=s#) large pac$aging) portable tan$s and road tal$ vehicles. 21,T 5 8 2rovisions concerning transport operations.

7olume 6
21,T > 8 Dangerous Goods list and limited &uantities e4ception. 1223+DI? 1 8 0ist of Generic and +.(.. proper shipping names 1223+DI? < 8 Glossary of terms.

The .upplement contains the following te4ts related to the Code

3mergency response procedures "3m. Guide# Medical first aid guide "M@1G# ,eporting 2rocedures IM(%I0(%3C3 guidelines for pac$ing cargo transport units Irradiated +uclear @uel "I+@# code ,ecommendations on safe use of 2esticides on ships.

Introduction to Dangerous Cargo:The handling and carriage of dangerous goods must be carried out in full compliance with the laws of the country from which the dangerous goods are being shipped)

Assignment 8

in whose vehicle or ships it is moved) through which the goods will transit) to its final destination.

.o the classification) pac$aging and stowage of dangerous goods must be in accordance with any legislation which may be enforced in the country of origin the country of destination any country which it has entered the country under whose flag the carrying vessel operates. Dangerous Goods shall be divided into the following classes Class ' / 34plosives Class 6 / Gases compressed) li&uefied or dissolved under pressure. Class > / @lammable li&uids. Class 9.' / @lammable solids. Class 9.6 / .ubstances liable to spontaneous combustion Class 9.> / .ubstances which) in contact with water) emit flammable gases. Class :.' / (4idi!ing substances Class :.6 / (rganic pero4ides Class ;.' / 2oisonous "to4ic# substances Class ;.6 / Infectious substances Class 5 / ,adioactive materials Class A / Corrosives Class B / Miscellaneous dangerous substances) that is any other substance which e4perience has shown) or may show) to be of such dangerous character that the provisions of this part shall apply to it.

Marine Pollutants
Many of the substances assigned to classes '/B are marine pollutants and where identified as such) should carry the CMarine 2ollutant= mar$ on the pac$aging. These are noted in the Dangerous Goods list in volume 6 of the Code. @or pac$aging purposes substances other than those of classes ') 6) 9.') :.6) ;.6 and 5 are assigned three pac$ing groups according to the degree of danger they present 2ac$ing Group I substances presenting higher dangerD 2ac$ing Group II substances presenting medium dangerD 2ac$ing Group III substances presenting medium danger.

Packaging of Dangerous Goods : Eell made and in good condition. Interior not dangerously affected by contact with contents. .trong enough to withstand normal handling/ by sea.

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Assignment 8

Ehere absorbent or cushioning material is used) it shall be o Capable of minimising the dangers to which the li&uid may give rise. o .o disposed as to prevent movement and that the receptacle remains surrounded. o Ehere reasonably possible) of sufficient &uantity to absorb the li&uid in the event of brea$age of the receptacle. ,eceptacles to have an ullage "space# to allow for the highest temperature during normal carriage. ,eceptacles for gases under pressure shall be ade&uately constructed) tested) maintained and correctly filled. 3mpty receptacles used previously for carriage of dangerous goods) to be treated as full) until thoroughly cleaned.

Marking, La elling, Placarting: 2ac$ages shall be durably mar$ed with the correct technical name. Trade name alone shall not be used. Have distinctive labels or placards to indicate dangerous properties Mar$ings of technical name) labels or placards shall remains identifiable on pac$ages surviving at least three months- immersion in the sea e4cept the followings which may be e4empted from labelling re&uirements o low degree of ha!ard or pac$ed in limited &uantityD and o Ehen special circumstances permit) pac$ages that are stowed and handled in units that are identified by labels or placards

Documents :1t the time of boo$ing) the documentation should contain number and $ind of pac$ages correct technical name class to which it belongs the flash point "if any# *.+ number Eeight and measurement of the goods. 1 statement that goods are pac$ed in a manner approved by an appropriate authority.

!egregation :Greatest care should be ta$en to ensure that incompatible cargoes are never stowed together in the same compartment or container. Dangerous goods have been classified in various classes but all good of a particular class may not be compatible) e.g. Class A where a violent reaction may ta$e place between a acid and al$alis# @ood stuff should not be stowed or pac$ed with dangerous good) as a general rule. @or the purpose of segregation) dangerous goods having certain similar chemical properties have been grouped together in segregation groups 9

Assignment 8

1cids 1mmonium compounds bromates chlorates chlorites cyanides heavy metals and their salts hypochlorites lead and lead compounds li&uid halogenated hydrocarbon mercury and mercury compounds nitrites perchlorates permanganates powdered metals pero4ides a!ides

"#planation of the separated method :1way @rom 3ffectively segregated so that the incompatible goods cannot interact dangerously in the event of an accident but may be transported in the same compartment or hold or on dec$) provided minimum hori!ontal separation of > meters) projected vertically is obtained. .eparated @rom In different compartments or holds when stowed under dec$. 2rovided the intervening dec$ is resistant of fire and li&uid) a vertical separation) i.e. in different compartments) may be accepted as e&uivalent to this segregation. @or on dec$ stowage) a separation of at least ; meters hori!ontally. .eparated by a complete compartment or hold from 3ither a vertical or hori!ontal separation. If the intervening dec$s are not resistant to fire and li&uid) then only a longitudinal separation) i.e. by an complete compartment or hold is acceptable. @or on dec$ stowage) a separation of at least '6 meters hori!ontally) the same distance has to be applied if one pac$age is stowed on dec$ and other one is an upper compartment. .eparated longitudinally by an intervening compartment or hold from 7ertical separation alone does not meet this re&uirement. <etween a pac$age under dec$ and one on dec$) a minimum distance of 69 meters) including a complete compartment) must be maintained longitudinally. @or on dec$ stowage) a separation of at least 69 meters longitudinally .towage

Assignment 8

.hips are divided into two groupings for the purpose of ma$ing stowage recommendations "e4cept for class '#. These groups are Group ' cargo ships or passenger ships carrying a number of passengers limited to not more than 6: or to ' passenger per > meters of over/all length) whichever is greater number. Group 6 other passenger ships in which limiting number of passengers transported is e4ceeded. .ubstances materials and articles shall be stowed as indicated in the Dangerous Goods list in accordance with one of the categories Stowage category A G,(*2 ' (+ D3CF (, *+D3, D3CF G,(*2 6 (+ D3CF (, *+D3, D3CF Stowage category B G,(*2 ' (+ D3CF (, *+D3, D3CF G,(*2 6 (+ D3CF (+0G Stowage category C G,(*2 ' (+ D3CF (+0G G,(*2 6 (+ D3CF (+0G Stowage Category D G,(*2 ' (+ D3CF (+0G G,(*2 6 PROHIBITED Stowage category E G,(*2 ' (+ D3CF (, *+D3, D3CF G,(*2 6 PROHIBITED

Precautions $or Loading%Discharging Dangerous Goods

.towed safely and appropriately according to the nature of goods. Incompatible goods shall be segregated from one another. 34plosives "e4cept ammunition# stowed in a maga!ine and segregated from detonators. 3lectrical apparatus and cables in this compartment designed and used so as to minimise the ris$ fire and e4plosion. Goods which give off dangerous vapours shall be stowed in a well ventilated space or on dec$. Ehere inflammable li&uids or gases are carried) special precautions to be ta$en where necessary against fire or e4plosion. .ubstances liable to spontaneous combustion or heating shall not be carried unless ade&uate precautions have been ta$en to prevent outbrea$ of fire. @unnel and ventilators be fitted with Hspar$ arrestorH if loading e4plosive. DG cargo tightly stowed and well secured against movement/ chafe. .ecuring materials used should be compatible with the DG themselves.

Assignment 8

.ecuring DG pac$ages which have been wetted by rain) and received in a wet condition with frost or snow adhering) should he effectively dried before loading. If possible) DG should be handled and stowed during daylight hours) if not) ade&uate lighting must be provided during the operation. 1mbient temperatures in relation to the flash point should be ta$en into account /particularly in hot weather%tropical climates. If spillage occurs it should be carefully dealt with having regards to the dangerous nature of the substances. 0oading and discharging of dangerous goods must be supervised by a responsible officer. 3stablish communication with terminal.

Additionall& $or Explosives 'Maga(ine Loadings)

34plosives must be stowed in a maga!ine) which is a wood or woodlined compartment) sometimes specially constructed to stow e4plosives safely. +o electric cables should pass through the maga!ine. If this is unavoidable) the cables should be sheathed by an approved) sealed) non/combustible barrier and tested before loading. 34plosives are unstable when wet and should be stowed in a cool) dry) well/ventilated space away from hot bul$ heads or dec$s. 3lectrical fittings must be disconnected in a compartment containing dangerous goodsD ventilation fans to the space must be flame/proof) if not disconnected. 34plosives must be stowed away from living &uarters. Masts must be fitted with an efficient lightning conductor as lightning presents a grave danger.

MEDICAL FIRST AID GUIDE MFAG!

The medical first aid guide is for use in accidents involving dangerous goods. It refers to the substances) materials and articles covered by the IMDG code. It is intended to provide advice necessary for initial management of chemical poisoning and diagnosis within the limits of the facilities available at sea. It gives general information about the particular to4ic effect li$ely to be encountered. The treatment recommended in this guide is specified in the appropriate tables and more comprehensive in the appropriate section of the appendices. This guide contains 6I chapters and ': appendices. In any case of e4posure) start with the emergency action and act as advised. @or convenience of use and rapid access to the recommendations in an emergency) the guide is divided into sections which are grouped to facilitate a three/step approach Ste" # E$erge%cy act&o% a%' D&ag%os&s a tabular and flow/chart guide directing to relevant tables. Ste" ( Ta)les the tables give brief instructions for special 5

Assignment 8

Ste" *

A""e%'&ces

circumstances. the appendices provide comprehensive information) a list of medicines%drugs) and a list of chemicals referred to in the tables.

The list of chemicals is limited to those few chemicals that re&uire special treatment. The list is given both in alphabetical and numerical order "*+ no.# in appendi4 ': of the guide.

MATERIAL SAFET+ DATA SHEETS MSDS!

Material .afety Data .heets are used to provide the information necessary for the safe handling of ha!ardous or potentially ha!ardous substances. Therefore M.D. play an important role in the comprehensive approach to the control of chemical ha!ards in the wor$ place. Co%te%ts a%' Ge%eral Layo,t o- MSDS 1n M.D. shall provide the product information given under '; standard headings '. Chemical Product and company identification giving the product name) chemical formula) company=s name and address etc. *+ Composition/information on ingredients+ >. Hazards identification giving the ha!ards involved such as corrosive) o4idising) to4ic) flammable etc. 9. First.Aid measures information on first/aid regarding inhalation) s$in%eye contact and ingestion shall be given. :. Fire fighting measures types of fire fighting agents and precautions to be observed) protective clothing or <1 to be worn by fire fighters. ,ecommendations if evacuation is necessary should also be given. ;. Accidental release measures steps to be ta$en in case of spills or lea$s. 5. Handling and storage information regarding ventilation) temperature and place of stowage etc is given. ,+ Exposure controls/personal protection. B. Physical and chemical properties certain properties such as appearance) vapour pressure) boiling%melting points) solubility in water) specific gravity etc. (ther physical and chemical properties such as corrosiveness) shoc$ sensitivity) viscosity) pH bul$ density etc. It also gives fire and e4plosion data including flash point) flammability limits) auto/ignition temperature. 'I. Sta ility and reactivity. ''. !oxicological information. '6. Ecological information such as mobility) biodegradability. '>. "isposal Considerations.

Assignment 8

'9. !ransport #nformation. ':. $egulatory #nformation. -.+ %ther #nformation. The role and use of M.D. in the various components of a chemical ha!ards programme can be illustrated as below

3mergency response planning Training

Hygiene% environmental assessment

Chemical Management Chemical labelling%signs

MSD S

Ha!ard Identification

Control measures

Ha!ard assessment

.ingapore .tandard C2 BA 6II>) Code of practice for preparation and use of M.D.) specifies the standards for the data sheet.