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Presented to: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Iqbal Dept. of English Federal Urdu University, Lahore
Pre-experiments are the simplest form of research design. In a pre-experiment either a single group or multiple groups are observed subsequent to some agent or treatment presumed to cause change. It is important to mention that Research methods and Research designs should not be confused. They are different.
Research Design
Research design involves determining how your chosen method will be applied to answer your research question. It should answer how you'll use these methods in every steps of research. It includes methodology, sample selection, data collection process, instruments etc. Safal Ghimire
Example:
Let us suppose you are building a house. Then, research method is whether you build a hut or a palace. But research design is all about how many rooms will you have, what sorts of windows, where will be the main entrance, where will be the lounge and kitchen etc. Along with this, design should also answer how you are going to protect it from earthquakes and fire etc. Safal Ghimire
(John W. Best)
Randomization
use of chance to divide experimental units into groups
A process of assigning the treatments among the experimental units such that every treatment has equal chance of being assigned to any experimental unit
Replication
Repetition of the experiment on many experimental units.
It is a repetition of the basic experiment. In other words, it is a complete run for all the treatments to be tested in the experiment.
Local control
Process of minimizing the experimental error. It includes all practices or techniques used to minimize the experimental error which includes balancing, blocking, and grouping of experimental units
Advantages
As exploratory approaches, pre-experiments can be a cost-effective way to discern whether a potential explanation is worthy of further investigation.
Disadvantages
Pre-experiments offer few advantages since it is often difficult or impossible to rule out alternative explanations. The nearly insurmountable threats to their validity are clearly the most important disadvantage of pre-experimental research designs.
References:
Basic Principles of Experimental Designs. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.emathzone.com/tutorials/basic-statistics/basic-principles-of-experimentaldesigns.html Best, J. W. (1970). Research in education. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_experiments#Principles_of_experimental_design. 2C_following_Ronald_A._Fisher
Safal Ghimire: Difference between Research Methods and Research Design. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://safalghimire.blogspot.com/2013/07/difference-between-researchmethods-and.html