Tourism CSM (Eng)

Curriculum Support Materials for New Senior Secondary Tourism and Hospitality Studies (S4-6) Part 1
Introduction to Tourism
Contents
Unit 1
Tourism concepts and principles

Tourism and the tourist The Meaning of Travel, Tourism and Tourist
Descriptions
Page 1-38
1-12
Attractions A typology of attractions and forms of tourism development
1-22
The tourism industry The part played by government in the development and management of tourism
The local tourism industry
1-48
The development of tourism in Hong Kong Different sectors of the tourism industry and their linkages
The local tourism industry The local tourism industry

Impact of tourism
1-20
The development of tourism in Hong Kong Attractions
1-65
Preface
Students should be introduced to the content of the Compulsory Part I Introduction to Tourism prior to the commencement of the delivery of this resource material. The resource material is designed to develop a practical knowledge of the application of tourisms concepts. While the content of the resource material is fairly wide ranging, teachers should bear in mind that overall understanding of the topics are more important than a detailed theoretical knowledge. It should be stressed that students activities will form the basis of the delivery of this resource material, the activities will help maintain student interest in the subject and avoid rather dry instruction on theory only. Therefore, student-centered learning through individual work should form a major part of this resource material. To better facilitate student-centered learning, time management by teachers is essential. The teaching plan gives an outline of the suggested delivery times. All timings are approximate, and will depend on the particular student groups.
Acknowledgement
Gratefully acknowledged LTS in granting the permission to adapt and reproduce their materials
Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles - Tourism and

The Meaning of Travel, Tourism and Tourist
the tourist
THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism
Topic Overview Topic THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles - Tourism and the tourist The Meaning of Travel, Tourism and Tourist S4
Meaning
Level
Duration 2 lessons (40 minutes per lesson) Learning Objectives: 1. To introduce ideas for travel and tourism 2. To distinguish between travel and tourism 3. To examine the different denitions and meanings of tourist 4. To identify the behaviour of traveller, tourist and excursionist 5. To distinguish between domestic tourism and international tourism. Resources: Topic Overview and Teaching Plan Handout Suggested activity & answers Student worksheet
Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

Theme
Understand the meanings of Travel ,Tourism and Tourist
Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Introduce different ideas for travel and tourism 2. Distinguish between travel and tourism 3. Examine the different denitions and meanings of tourist
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Activity 1: Tourism and tourist This activity can be a starting point to introduce different ideas about travel and tourism. Most groups will come up with the usual information relating to holidays, overseas travel, holidays abroad, summer sun, etc. Activity 1 13 minutes p. 20 Resources Time Allocation
Meaning
Lesson 1
Teacher may sum up by listing the main themes that the students have highlighted to illustrate both what they know already and also to point out how what has been explored ts into the study of travel and tourism. This activity will also provide the teacher with a quick overview of the level and experience of the group. If ideas dry up, students can be prompted to ask themselves who, what, why type questions, e.g. Who are the tourists are they all holidaymakers? What do tourists come here for? What facilities are used by visitors to Hong Kong? Where do they come from, where do they go? When do tourists travel? Why do people travel? How do tourists travel around? How do tourists make their travel arrangements? etc.
Meaning

Activity 2 10 minutes Activity 2: The concept of p. 21 tourism This activity is intended to prompt ideas about the concept of tourism, leading to a working denition of tourism and tourists. To achieve this objective, the obvious points have already been made in the passage and the teacher may need to guide the students to think of the underlying factors, i.e. Tourists are away from their normal place of work/ residence. Their visit is temporary. They are on holiday: one of the purposes associated with tourism. Activity 3: The concept of tourist Questions to prompt such discussion might include: Where do you live? Where did you go as a tourist? How long did it take to get there? Activity 3 13 minutes p. 23
Meaning
Part II: Content
How long did you stay? What kind of things did you do? Did you think of yourself as a tourist? Students may give many different responses in Activity 2, it indicates there are many different denitions of tourism. Therefore, Activity 3 is intended to prompt ideas about the concept of tourist, leading to a working denition of tourism and tourists. To achieve this objective, teacher may need to guide the students to think of the underlying factors previously mentioned in Activity 2. At the end of the activity, students responses will again illustrate three key factors involved in tourism: - Tourists are away from home - The purpose of visit: activities associated with tourism - The length of stay temporary and short term.
Meaning

Working denition of tourism: There are two denitions of tourism in Handout 1, and discuss the merits of each. Q. What are the shortcomings of denition (a)? A. Activities could mean anything, e.g. if you go for a visit to a cinema away from your home and workplace, under this denition, you can be classed as a tourist! Q. Why is the denition of tourism in (b) is more acceptable? A. Although there is no agreement on a denition of tourism, what can be said is that any denition will include an indication of the following: Length of stay Purpose of visit Distance travelled They are therefore referred to as the dening factors of tourism. Discuss the categories describing the purpose of visit (business, leisure and visiting friend & relatives)
Handout 2 p.14
Handout 3 p.15
Meaning
Handout 1 p.13
Part III: Conclusion Teacher concludes the session by reviewing the key concepts and asks students to think about why is it important to dene tourism? Answer: It is essential for the purpose of gathering statistics, e.g. visitor numbers (we must know who to include in our statistics), so that trends within the industry can be identied. If there is no accepted denition, then comparisons are impossible. 4 minutes
Meaning

Theme
Describe the denition of Traveller, Tourist and Excursionist and the concept of domestic tourism and international tourism.
Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Identify the denition of traveller, tourist and excursionist 2. Distinguish between domestic tourism and international tourism.
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the concepts of travel, tourism and tourists. 2 minutes Reference Time Allocation
Meaning
Lesson 2
Part II: Content Activity 4: Working denition of traveller, tourist and excursionist: Leads to the distinction made between tourists and excursionists. It should be pointed out that, although some denitions of tourism include day trippers as tourists, for statistical purposes they are often treated separately. Where excursionists are described as Same Day visits; and to the use of the term visitor by many tourism businesses and organisations rather than tourist to describe their customers. Activity 4 p. 25 5 minutes
Meaning
10

Have students brainstorm in small groups to come up with a denition of traveller, tourist and excursionist A universally agreed denition of tourist has been difcult to achieve. Handout 5 denition prepared by UNWTO is mainly adopted by the tourism industry. The handouts 5 also lead to the distinction made between tourists and excursionists Activity 5: Have students complete Activity 5 consolidated on the understanding of traveller, tourist and excursionist:
Handout 5 p.17 Activity 5 p.27
11
Meaning
Handout 4 5 minutes p.16
To distinguish between domestic tourism and international tourism. Stress that domestic tourism is within national boundaries. Then introduce inbound and outbound tourism. Give some examples to consolidate: example on p. 14-17 (Manual) when Hong Kong residents on holiday from Hong Kong to France, we are outbound tourists. When French tourists come from France arrive in Hong Kong, they are inbound tourists. Part III: Conclusion
Handout 6 10 minutes p.19
Meaning
Activities 18 minutes Activities 6, 7 & 8 6,7,8 Teacher concludes the session by p.31-35 asking the students to complete activities 6, 7 & 8 (based on the denitions they have learned Student before) Worksheet p.36 Complete Student Worksheet either in class or at home.
12

(see p.11 of Manual: Introduction to Tourism. / PPT 31 and 32) Travel Travel comprises all journeys from one place to another. It includes all journeys made by people who enter a country for leisure, to work, reside, study or who just pass through a country without stopping. Tourism (a) Tourism means the temporary short-term movement of people to destinations outside the places where they normally live and work, as well as their activities during their stay at these destinations. (All tourism should have some travel, but not all travel is tourism.) (b) Tourism comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for less than a year and whose main purpose of travel is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. The term usual environment is intended to exclude trips within the area of usual residence and frequent and regular trips between the domicile and the workplace and other community trips of a routine character.
13
Meaning
Handout 1 - Concepts of Travel and Tourism

The Dening Factors of Tourism Length of stay For less than a year - you have to be intending to come home again (i.e. the visit must be temporary and short term) Purpose of visit: Whose main purpose of travel is other than the exercise of an activity remunerated from within the place visited. - You do certain types of things when youre a tourist (e.g. you visit places of interest, you do certain types of activities, like sightseeing, visiting historic site etc.) Distance travelled Usual environment is intended to exclude trips within the area of usual residence and frequent and regular trips between the domicile and the workplace and other community trips of a routine character. You have to be away from home to be a tourist
Meaning
14

(see p.16 of Manual: Introduction to Tourism / PPT 45) Purposes of visit: Business MICE Leisure / holiday Study Sports Cultural Religion Health VFR (visiting friends and relatives) Others
15
Meaning
Handout 4 - Denitions of Traveller, Tourist and Excursionist

(see p.14 of Manual: Introduction to Tourism / PPT 39 - 40) Travellers Any person who is taking a trip within or outside his/her own country of residence irrespective of the purpose of travel, means of transport used, even though he/she may be travelling on foot. Tourist A tourist is a person who travels to destinations outside his/her residence and working place, and stays for at least 24 hours, for the purpose of leisure or business. Same-day visitor or Excursionist An excursionist is a person who temporarily visits a destination and stays for less than 24 hours, for the purpose of leisure or business, but not for transit. Examples: 1. A Canadian resident takes a short trip to the USA without staying overnight. 2. A Malaysian resident takes a short trip to Singapore without staying overnight. 3. A Hong Kong resident goes to Shenzhen shopping without staying overnight. Macau gambling without staying overnight.
Meaning
16

(see p.16 of Manual: Introduction to Tourism / PPT 45 - 47) World Tourism Organizations (UNWTO) Denitions of Tourist
Source: Holloway, J. Christopher, The Business of Tourism, 2nd ed., Pitman, 1986, p. 4 (adapted from Methodological Supplement to World Trade Statistics, World Tourism Organization, 1978)
The International Conference on Travel and Tourism Statistics convened by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) in Ottawa, Canada in 1991 reviewed, updated, and expanded on the work of earlier international groups. The Ottawa Conference made some fundamental recommendations on denitions of tourism, travellers, and tourists. The United Nations Statistical Commission adopted UNWTOs recommendations on tourism statistics on March 1993.
17
Meaning
Handout 5 - Denitions of Tourist
a) Tourists: Visitors who spend at least one night in the country visited b) Crew members: Foreign air or ship crews docked or in lay over and who used the accommodation establishments of the country visited c) Excursionists: Visitors who do not spend at least one night in the country visited although they might visit the country during one day or more and return to their ship or train to sleep. d) Cruise passengers: Normally included in excursionists. Separate classication of these visitors is nevertheless preferable. e) Day visitors: Visitors who come and leave the same day. f) Crews: Crews who are not residents of the country visited and who stay in the country for the day. g) Members of armed forces: When they travel from their country of origin to the duty station and vice versa. h) Transit passengers: Who do not leave the transit area of the airport or the port in certain countries, transit may involve a stay of one day or more. In this case they should be included in the visitor statistics. i) Purpose of visit: Main purposes of visit as dened by the Rome Conference (1963).
Meaning
18

(see p.14 of Manual: Introduction to Tourism)
DOMESTIC tourism within a country by people who live in that country
INTERNATIONAL tourism between countries
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM can be further divided into Inbound Tourism

Tourists leaving their country of origin to travel to another country
Outbound Tourism
Tourists entering a country from their country of origin
e.g. When French tourist arrive in Hong Kong, they are inbound tourists.
e.g. When Hong Kong residents on holiday from Hong Kong to Paris, France, we are outbound tourists.
19
Meaning
Handout 6 Types of tourism
Activity 1: Discussion on what is tourism and what is a tourist

Brainstorming We use words like tourism and tourists all the time but what is tourism and how do you dene a tourist? In small groups, write down all the things you associate with tourism and then decide on your groups denition of tourism. Your groups denition of tourism:
Meaning
20

Tourism is the worlds number one industry, and the chances are that you come across quite a few tourists, particularly in the summer months, but perhaps year round, depending on where you live. The terms tourism and tourists are words that we are familiar with, but what do they actually mean to people who work in the industry. Lets have a look at what to us is probably a pair of typical tourists: The Wongs are an Hong Kong couple who are in Malaysia on a two-week tour. Theyve spent some time in Sabah and now theyre in Malacca, touring around and seeing the historical sights and beaches. They like to stay in comfortable hotels and while in Malacca they spent a couple of nights at the beach resort hotel. They bought a number of gifts to take back home mostly Malaccas crafts. They visited the different historical sites in Malacca and theyve taken lots of photographs to show their friends and family when they get back home. In a couple of days they will travel to Kuala Lumpur to catch their return ight home to Hong Kong. (adapted from Davidson: Tourism)
21
Meaning
Activity 2: Concept of Tourism
In pairs, decide what it is specically about people like the Wongs that make us think of them as tourists. Notes
Meaning
22

Interview You as a tourist Working in pairs, take it in turns to interview your partner about the last time s/he might have been a tourist. You need to nd out the following things.
1. Where does your groups partner live?
2. Where did s/he go as a tourist?
3. How long did it take to get there?
23
Meaning
Activity 3: Concept of Tourist.
Meaning
4. How long did s/he stay?
5. What kind of things did s/he do in the destination?
6. Did s/he think of her/himself as a tourist? Why/why not?
24

Remember the Wongs (Activity 2)? You decided they were tourists because: they are away from their normal place of work/residence their visit is temporary they are on holiday: one of the purposes associated with tourism Let us turn our thoughts to the Wongs relatives, the Chans. The Chans are cousins of Mrs Wong. They live in Kuala Lumpur, and have travelled to Malacca for the day to see them. They visit the historical sites of Malacca and take some pictures of the Wongs while travelling around The Historic Centre of Melaka. In the evening they all have dinner in the hotel, before the Chans get into their car and drive home, having enjoyed a nice day out in Malacca.
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Meaning
Activity 4: Traveller, Tourist and Excursionist
Are the Chans also tourists? Give reasons for your answer.
Meaning
Notes
26

Refer to the list of traveller, tourists and excursionist and tick which apply to each one in the correct box below. Traveller Tourist Excursionist a. A wealthy Hong Kong young lady on a month long trip to visit relatives in England. b. A class of secondary school students on a day trip to Pak Tam Chung in Sai Kung. c. A Hong Kong family going to Shenzhen for 2 weeks to spend their annual summer holiday. d. A student from Tsuen Wan going to Tai Mei Tuk for a days swimming.
27
Meaning
Activity 5: Traveller, Tourist and Excursionist
e. An Italian teenager spending the summer in Hong Kong to learn Putonghua. f. A couple from Hong Kong spending an afternoon at their parents home in Dongguan. g. A French businessman from France coming to Hong Kong for a month trying to obtain new orders for table wine. h. Your relative coming from Macau to stay with you over the Christmas holiday period.
Meaning
28

Refer to the list of traveller, tourists and excursionist and tick which apply to each one in the correct box below. Traveller Tourist Excursionist a. A wealthy Hong Kong young lady on a month long trip to visit relatives in England. b. A class of secondary school students on a day trip to Pak Tam Chung in Say Kung. c. A Hong Kong family going to Shenzhen for 2 weeks to spend their annual summer holiday. d. A student from Tsuen Wan going to Tai Mei Tuk for a days swimming.
29
Meaning
Activity 5: Suggested Answers
e. An Italian teenager spending the summer in Hong Kong to learn Putonghua. f. A couple from Hong Kong spending an afternoon at their parents home in Dongguan. g. A French businessman from France coming to Hong Kong for a month trying to obtain new orders for table wine. h. Your relative coming from Macau to stay with you over the Christmas holiday period.
Meaning
30

Refer to the list of traveller, tourists and excursionist in Activity 5 and ll the details in the box below (Based on the denitions we have learned before) Area of Origin a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Length of Stay Purpose f Visit Visiting friends and relatives
Domestic Overseas Excursionist Tourist
31
Meaning
Activity 6: Revision

Refer to the list of traveller, tourists and excursionist in Activity 5 and ll the details in the box below (Based on the denitions we have learned before in Activity 1, 2 & 3) Area of Origin a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Study Visiting friends and relatives Business Visiting friends and relatives / Leisure / holiday Length of Stay Domestic Overseas Excursionist Tourist Purpose of Visit Visiting friends and relatives Leisure / holiday -
Meaning
32

Look at the 8 persons described in Activity 5 and, from a Hong Kong people point of view, say whether each one is an outbound, inbound, domestic tourist or none of them X a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h.
33
Meaning

Look at the 8 people described in Activity 5 and, from Hong Kong people point of view, say whether each one is an outbound, inbound, domestic tourist or none of them X a. outbound tourist b. X c. domestic tourist d. X e. inbound tourist f. domestic tourist g. inbound tourist h. domestic tourist
Meaning
34

Using your denition of tourism and tourists, state whether for statistical purposes the following would be described as tourists: Yes 1. A group of local children on a one-day school trip to Ocean Park. 2. A foreign businessman attending a 2-day conference in Guangzhou 3. Your uncle comes from London, staying with you over Christmas. 4. A Hong Kong teenager spending the summer in USA to learn English. 5. A group of pops singers fans from Hong Kong going to see a concert in Macau, travelling by ferry and returning home late the same night. 6. Another group going to attend the same event (a concert in Macau), travelling by ferry and staying over and returning the next day. 7. The winners of a holiday lucky draw, ying off from Hong Kong to Taipei for a twoweek break. 8. A student from Tsuen Wan going to Sha Tin for a days cycling. 35 No
Meaning
Student worksheet
1. What are the 3 key factors you need to consider when thinking about a denition of tourism?
Meaning
2. Write down the denition of tourism.
36

(i) Tourism is about holidays. (ii) Tourism is the same as leisure. (iii) Travel = tourism. 4. Give 2 specic examples of inbound and outbound tourism:
37
Meaning
3. What is wrong with these statements?
Meaning
38
Unit 2: Tourism concepts and principles Attractions

A typology of attractions and forms of tourism development
Topic Overview Topic THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism Unit 2: Tourism concepts and principles Attractions A typology of attractions and forms of tourism development S4
Typology
Level
Duration 1 lesson (40 minutes per lesson) Learning Objectives: 1. To introduce the idea of travelling for different needs 2. To classify the forms of tourism 3. To illustrate with examples the forms of tourism in Hong Kong 4. To examine the reasons for business tourism Resources: Topic overview and teaching plan Suggested activity & answers

Lesson 1 Theme Classify the forms of tourism Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Introduce the idea of travelling for different needs 2. Classify the forms of tourism 3. Illustrate with examples the forms of tourism in Hong Kong 4. Examine the reasons for business tourism
Typology
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Activity 1: Forms of tourism Refer back to the practice of classifying tourists in relation to forms of tourism. Introduce the idea of travelling for different needs (other than business tourism) commonly referred to as leisure / holiday tourism, cultural tourism, religion pilgrimage, study tourism , sport tourism, health tourism and visiting friends and relatives Part II: Content Activity 2: Forms of tourism From the denitions already discussed in Activity 1, it leads the students to come with the ideas for different purposes of travel. Therefore, Activity 2 is intended to prompt other ideas about the forms of tourism. Activity 2 p. 9-10 13 minutes Travel brochures 12 minutes
Typology
Resources
Time Allocation
Activity 1 p. 7

Activity 3: Business tourism Business tourism generally accounts for a smaller proportion of a destinations share of tourism but its economic importance is often greater than other forms of tourism because business travellers are usually paying premium rates for travel and accommodation. Business tourism can also be less seasonal than most leisure tourism and can, therefore, benet areas of a destination not normally associated with tourism. Have students complete activity 3
Brochures 10 minutes aimed at the business traveller, e.g. MICE

Typology
Activity 3 p. 11-12
Part III: Conclusion Teacher concludes the session by reviewing the different forms of tourism and asks students to think about why business travel can be identied as Tourism? Answer: Tourism includes business travel because business travellers use the same facilities and services as any other visitor, plus additional ones 5 minutes
Typology

Activity 1: Forms of Tourism

Look at the travel brochures provided and for each of the headings above, list as many specic reasons (purposes) as you can why people make these kinds of trips:
Typology
Typology
Are there any other reasons why people travel which are not grouped into these forms of tourism? List them here:

Activity 2: Forms of Tourism

From the denitions already discussed and from your own experience, list below the various purposes for travel and give an example of each. Purpose Leisure / Holidays Examples Sightseeing in Tokyo. A weekend stays at a hotel in a golf club.
Typology
Activity 2: Suggested
Answers
From the denitions already discussed and from your own experience, listbelow the va rious purposes for which pe ople travel and give an example of each. Purpose Leisure / Holidays Cultural Examples Sightseeing in Tokyo. A weekend stays at a hotel in a golf club. V isiting museums in Paris. Attend musical and theatrical performances in London. Australian tourists visit Hong Kong to attend Rugby Sevens games. Attend motorcycling courses in J apan. An Indonesian student attends at an university in Hong Kong for a 3-month long Putonghua language course. A pilgrimage to Mecca. A weekend at a spa resort. George spent $ 20,000 for a 4-day medical tourism package in Malaysia. Staying in Los Angeles to attend a family wedding. A retired couple travel to Canada to visit their daughter and family .
T y p o lo g y
Sport Study
Religion Health
V isiting friends and relatives
10

Typology

Business tourism consists of travel for various reasons. Try to list them below and give examples. Purpose Business meetings Examples An executive representing a Chinese toy manufacturer ies off to the USA for a ve day trip to nd distributors for its new product. A department stores manager attends the Hong Kong International Jewellery Show in Hong Kong to seek sales.
Typology
Exhibitions
Conferences The members of an international professional body gather together for one and or more days to discuss a range of topical Conventions issues. Incentive trips / tours An organisation arranges a special all expenses paid holiday for its top sales people.
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Unit 3: Tourism concepts and principles

The part played by government in the development and management of tourism
The tourism industry
Topic Overview Topic THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism Unit 3: Tourism concepts and principles The tourism industry The part played by government in the development and management of tourism S4
Level
Duration 3 lessons (40 minutes per lesson) Learning Objectives: 1. To show awareness of the major role of government in the development of tourism such as the planning, control, ownership and promotion of tourism. 2. To illustrate with examples the role and work of the Hong Kong SAR Government in the development and promotion of tourism. 3. To describe the role and functions of the following local organisations and statutory bodies: - Tourism Commission (TC) - Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) - Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong (TIC) 4. To dene the relationship between the TC and HKTB and the notion of partnership between tourism organisations.
Government
Unit 3: Tourism concepts and principles The tourism industry

Resources: Topic overview and teaching plan Handout Suggested activity Student worksheet
Government
Lesson 1 Theme Understand the role of government and the Tourism Commission (TC) in the development of tourism
Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Show awareness of the major role of government in the development of tourism such as the planning, control, ownership and promotion of tourism. 2. Illustrate with examples the role and work of the Hong Kong SAR Government in the development and promotion of tourism. 3. Describe the role and functions of the Tourism Commission (TC).
Government

Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Activity 1: Role of government in the development of tourism Have students brainstorm in pairs or small groups to complete Activity 1 on why governments are involved in tourism? Answers on Handout 1. Teacher concludes the major roles of government listed in Handout 2. Part II: Content Activity 2: Role and functions of TC Discuss relevant issues. If possible visit the TCs website for up to date information on initiatives. Alternatively, teacher may visit the website and photocopy any relevant information found there. Activity 2 p.16 18 minutes Activity 1 p.15 Handout 1 P.12-13 Handout 2 P.14 10 minutes Resources Time Allocation
Government
Part III: Conclusion Teacher concludes the session by reviewing the role of government, TC in development of tourism. 12 minutes
Government

Lesson 2 Theme Understand the role and functions of the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) and Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong (TIC)
Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Describe the role and functions of the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB). 2. Understand the main objectives and activities of the Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong (TIC)
Government
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the role of government and TC in development of tourism Part II: Content Activity 3: Role and functions of HKTB Talk through the role of the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB). Discuss relevant issues, e.g. areas of overlap between TC and HKTB Have students complete Activity 3. If possible visit the HKTBs website for further information. Have students access information of events and festivals. Alternatively request copies of the brochures from the HKTB. Activity 3 p.17 15 minutes 5 minutes Reference Time Allocation
Government

Activity 4: Main objectives and activities of TIC Talk through the main objectives and activities of TIC. Have students complete Activity 4. If possible, access the Travel Industry Council of Hong Kongs web site www. tichk.org for up to date information. Part III: Conclusion Teacher concludes the session by reviewing the role of HKTB and the main objectives and activities of TIC.
Activity 4 p.18
15 minutes
5 minutes
Government
Lesson 3 Theme Describe the notion of partnership between tourism organisations
Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Dene the relationship between the TC and HKTB 2. Describe the notion of partnership between tourism organisations.
Government
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the role and functions of the HKTB and the TIC 5 minutes Resources Time Allocation
10

Part II: Content Handout 2 30 minutes Activities 5-9 Tourism P. 14 organizations Review the major roles of government listed in Handout 2 are linked with tourism: how do sporting events impact on Activities 5-7 tourism? p. 19-21 what are the links between museums, historic buildings and tourism? what are the roles of the Environmental Protection Department and tourism. Give out related activities (5-9) one at a time to reinforce learning. Part III: Conclusion Teacher consolidate the session by reviewing the answers from the activities 5-9 Summary 5 minutes
Government
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Handout 1 - Why Governments are involved in Tourism?

Governments are involved in tourism for a variety of reasons. Tourism has an impact on the economy of a country (it brings in foreign currency, impacts on the balance of payments, increases employment and aids regional development). Tourism involves movement across national frontiers governments have to control and monitor this. Tourism is often used to enhance national image - governments are keen to ensure that foreigners have a positive perception of their country The tourism product may need protection as well as development through government aid. Many core tourist attractions are public property (landscapes, natural and built heritage) Government provides or has an interest in the infrastructure upon which tourism exists - public services, roads, railways, airports, ferry terminals etc., although it should be remembered that very little infrastructures are provided solely for tourism
Government
12

The industry is very diverse and government involvement is necessary to regulate and co-ordinate activities and provide consumer protection To provide nance necessary for marketing and development at the destination Taxation - many governments use tourism as a source of tax revenue. In Hong Kong, we are taxed on accommodation and air travel.
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Government
Handout 2 - Role of Government in the Development of Tourism

The Major Roles of Government in the Development of Tourism 1. Planning and facilitating tourism 2. Control and supervision of tourism Refusal or granting of permission in planning Control of the export currency Supervision of tourism industry 3. Direct ownership of components of the tourism industry 4. Promoting tourism to domestic home and overseas markets Active involvement Investment support Operational support Research and planning
Government
14

Activity 1: Role of Government in the Development of Tourism

Why are governments keen to get involved in tourism? In the space below, list some reasons why you think governments are involved in tourism.
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Government
Activity 2: Role of the Tourism Commission (TC)

List below the objectives of the Tourism Commission (TC)
Now list the tourism strategies of the Tourism Commission (TC)

Government
If possible, access the Tourism Commissions web site www. tourism.gov.hk for up to date information on TC initiatives.
16

Activity 3: Role of the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB)

List below the objectives of the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB)
Now list the promotional activities of the Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB)
What are the similarities and differences between the TC and HKTB?
If possible, access the Hong Kong Tourism Boards web site www.discoverhongkong.com for up to date information on HKTB initiatives. 17
Government
Activity 4: Main Objectives and Activities of TIC

Outline the main objectives and activities of the Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong (TIC) .
Government
Website of the Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong www. tichk.org
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Activity 5: The Leisure and Cultural Services Department

Explain why the Leisure and Cultural Services Department ( ) is involved in local tourism activities.
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Government
Activity 6: Sports Tourism

I d e n ti fy t h e R ugby S ev ens ( ) contribution to tourism in Hong Kong?
Government
20

Activity7: The Environmental Protection Department

How can the Environmental Protection Department ( ) facilitate the development of tourism in Hong Kong?
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Government
Government
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Unit 4: The local tourism industry The development of

tourism in Hong Kong
Different sectors of the tourism industry and their linkages
Topic Overview Topic THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism Unit 4: The local tourism industry The development of tourism in Hong Kong Different sectors of the tourism industry and their linkages S4
Level
Duration 5 lessons (40 minutes per lesson) Learning Objectives: 1. To state the main sectors of tourism industry. 2. To identify the different sectors of the tourism industry and their linkages. 3. To expand the denition of accommodation. 4. To list the different types of accommodation. 5. To describe the accommodation options available to travellers and their characteristics. 6. To describe the transport options for the tourist. 7. To state the relationship between effective access and successful tourism. 8. To introduce the main modes of transport. 9. To discuss the illustration of channel of distribution. 10. To describe the role of travel agents and tour operators in the outbound tourism sector. 11. To introduce the concept of the package holiday. Resources:
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Unit 4: The local tourism industry The development of tourism in Hong Kong
Topic overview and teaching plan Handout Suggested activities & answers Student worksheet
Lesson 1 Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. State the main sectors of tourism industry. 2. Identify the different sectors of the tourism industry and their linkages.
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Theme
Identify the main sectors of tourism industry
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Activity 1: Main sectors of tourism industry This activity introduces the tour operator and travel agency sectors and their links with providers of the tourism product. Answers on Handout 1 as the main sectors of tourism industry. Part II: Content Next turn to looking at the structure of the tourism industry in the Hong Kong. Instigate general discussion on all of the different types of businesses which go to make up the tourism industry. e.g. what sort of services do you require to organise and get the most out of your holiday? List these on the board. Give Handout 2 to students and talk through the different parts of the tourism industry. 4 Handout 2 15 minutes p. 19 Activity 1 p. 29 5 minutes Resources Time Allocation
Handout 1 p. 18
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Activity2: The linkages of different sectors Initiate discussion on how the various sectors shown in the diagram are reliant on each other. You could begin by asking questions such as: When youre organising your holidays, what services do you use before and during the holiday? What would happen if there were no attractions for people to go to at the destination? If theres not much accommodation available, what effect would this have on tourism in the area? Would the tourism industry be able to survive without the transportation sector? What would happen to the industry if some of the support services were not available, e.g. passport ofces? Give out Activity 2 and have students complete it. Have students share the examples they have come up with.
Activity 2 15 minutes p. 30
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Part III: Conclusion Teacher shows the Handout 2 again and leads the discussion to the conclusion that all sectors of the industry interact the one with the other and are therefore interdependent. 5 minutes
Lesson 2 Theme Introduction to the accommodation sector Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Expand the denition of accommodation. 2. List the different types of accommodation. 3. Describe the accommodation options available to travellers and their characteristics.
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Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the different sectors of tourism industry Analyse the hospitality sector of the tourism industry. Show Handout 3 to expand the denition of accommodation. Part II: Content Activity 3: Different types of accommodation Have students complete this activity. Activity 3 p.31 15 minutes Handout 3 10 minutes p.20 Reference Time Allocation
Lists should include hotels, motels (motor hotels), resort hotels, campgrounds, hostel and Handout 3 guesthouses, farmhouses, self p.20 catering cottages/apartments, youth hostels, holiday centers/ villages, universities etc. Answers on Handout 3. Ask students for their experiences of each type of accommodation.
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Activity 4: The characteristics of different accommodation options This activity is intended to describe the accommodation options available to travellers and their characteristics such as hotels, motels, etc. A visit to a local hotel or a visiting speaker would be appropriate at this point. Part III: Conclusion
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Activity 4 p.32
10 minutes
5 minutes Student Student worksheet 1 These are designed to provoke Worksheet 1 p.33 the students to consider the question of interrelationships and interdependence within the industry. They could either be done in small groups where students offer their opinions and debate the questions set before feeding back to the whole class, or they can be done at home as written exercises to prepare the students for the assessment/ exam. The importance of the interrelationships and interdependence should, of course, be stressed. 8
Lesson 3 Theme Introduction to the transportation sector Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Describe the transport options for the tourist 2. State the relationship between effective access and successful tourism. Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the accommodation options available to travellers and their characteristics and then asks students to think about how can a traveler get to his/her destination? 5 minutes Reference Time Allocation
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Part II: Content Activity 5:Transport options for the tourist Brainstorm what are the transport options for the tourist? What are the factors which the tourist will consider when deciding on his or her method of transport? Answers on Handout 4. Activity 6 15 minutes Activity 6: Relationship p.35 between effective access and successful tourism Distribute activity 6. Use answers to generate discussion on the relationship between effective Handout 5 access and successful tourism. p.22 Ask students for examples from their own experience of destinations which have easy access and others difcult to reach. Summaries the reasons why accessibility was good or bad.
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Activity 5 p.34
15 minutes
Handout 4 p.21
Give out handout 5 which summarizes the key points made.
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Part III: Conclusion 5 minutes Student Student worksheet 2 Teacher asks the students to pick worksheet 2 p.36 up the leaets on national and local tourist routes from Hong Kong Tourism Board (HKTB) or from travel agents. Have students read the information to familiarise themselves with the routes on offer locally. They can be done at home as written exercises.
Lesson 4 Theme Introduction to the main modes of transportation Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Introduce the main modes of transport
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Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the transport options for the tourist. Students may give many various ideas in Student Worksheet 2, teacher may sum up by reviewing the benets of having such choice. e.g. makes it easy for the tourist to nd out what to see and do in the area; meets the needs of those on touring holidays; people are more likely to stop in the area if such information is provided (and when they stop theyll spend money in the local restaurants, shops etc. 10 minutes Reference Time Allocation
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Part II: Content Activity 7: Modes of transport (Water) Talk through any issues arising or any points of interest (experiences of ferries, cruising etc.; perceptions of cruising; is it for seniors? etc.) Teacher can collect some cruise brochures from local travel agency and ask the students to browse through the brochures for completing activity 7 in class. Answers on Handout 6. Activity 8 Activity 8: Modes of transport p.38 (Air) Talk through any issues arising or points of interest (good things/ Handout 7 p.24 bad things about air travel; popularity of air travel etc.) Lead on to discussion of the problems of congestion and how it can be dealt with. Complete Activity 8 and answers on Handout 7. 7 minutes Activity 7 p.37 Handout 6 p.23 8 minutes
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Activity 9: Modes of transport (Rail) Talk through any issues arising or any points of interest (have they taken the High-Speed Rail () ? What did they think of it? Have they travelled by train in the mainlands or elsewhere? etc.). Have students complete Activity 7. Activity 10: Transport options Teacher asks students to complete Activity 10 in class for reviewing the different transport options. Part III: Conclusion Student worksheet 3 Teacher concludes the session by reviewing the different transport options and asks students to complete student worksheet 3 at home.
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Activity 9 p.39
6 minutes
Activity 10 p.40
7 minutes
2 minutes Student worksheet 3 p.41
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Lesson 5 Theme Introduction to the intermediaries sector Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Discuss the illustration of channel of distribution 2. Describe the role of travel agents and tour operators in the outbound tourism sector. 3. Introduce the concept of the package holiday Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the transportation options for tourists and the main modes of transport available to travellers 2 minutes Reference Time Allocation
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Part II: Content The Channel of Distribution Discuss the illustration of channel of distribution in Handout 8. Point out the different routes available i.e. the producers can choose to use the services of every part of the channel, or only some or they might choose to cut out the middlemen altogether and go direct to the customer. Handout 8 p.25 5 minutes
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Activity 11 10 minutes Activity 11: Role of tour p.42-43 operators Having read handout 9, distribute activity 11 for completion. Handout 9 p.26-27 Activity 12 : Role of travel agents Have students complete Activity 12 and discuss with students about the role of travel agents and tour operators in the outbound tourism sector. Activity 12 10 minutes p.44
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Handout 10 10 minutes Activity 13: Concept of the p.28 package holiday Using the tour operators brochures to introduces Tour the concept of the package operators holiday. Students should be brochures guided towards the idea of any package holiday having 2 main components travel and Activity 13 accommodation and the p.45 range of other services which may be provided, e.g. transfers, meals, tours escorting or tour guiding services, kids recreation centres, entrance to theme parks, etc. Show Handout 10. Have students complete Activity 13 and answers on Handout 10. Part III: Conclusion 3 minutes Student Student worksheet 4 Teacher concludes the session worksheet 4 p.46-47 by reviewing the role of tour operators and travel agents and request students to complete student worksheet 4 as a homework exercise.
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Handout 1 - The tourism industry

The tourism industry involves 3 key stages or sectors of activity: Setting up travel and holiday arrangements Getting people to their destinations Providing for their needs and enjoyment when they are there The tourism industry exists to provide for the needs of tourists, so to understand the structure of the industry, we just need to think about what those needs are. In this way, it becomes obvious that some of the main industry sectors are: Setting up Travel services, e.g. tour operators and arrangements travel agents Getting you there At the destination Transport operators Hospitality, i.e. accommodation and catering Tourism services, e.g. foreign exchange, retail shops Attractions Business facilities
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Handout 2 - The Linkages of Different Sectors
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Handout 3 - Denition of Accommodation

Denition of Accommodation Accommodation is the temporary home for travelers. It ranges from simple sleeping places to deluxe suites for eating, entertainment, and sleeping. Travelers can stay overnight in any kind of lodging from an African tree house to a castle in Europe. Different types of accommodation: The accommodation industry is made up of hotels, motels (motor hotels), resort hotels, campgrounds, hostels and guesthouses. Hotels are classied in various ways. One of the most common ways is by location, such as resort, city center, airport, suburban, or highway.
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Handout 4 - Modes of transport in tourism

There are four major modes of transport in tourism: Air plane and helicopter Water ferry, boat and cruise Road coach and rental cars Rail The tourists choice of transport mode is dependent on several factors: Distance and time involved Status and comfort Safety Price Geography Choice and competition between services
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Handout 5 - Accessibility
In order to be a tourist, you have to travel. So, transport is one of the major components of the tourism product. Transport is used both to move passengers to their destination and to help them get around once at that destination. Accessibility is crucial if tourism is to ourish within a particular area or destination. Tourism has been developed in areas where transportation networks are already in place. However, tourism demand can also be responsible for developing transport networks. Travel by air dominates international tourism whereas travel by private car is the most popular form of transportation for domestic tourism, such as in Japan and Europe. This is because it offers door-to-door exibility, views of the landscape and a means of transporting recreational equipment in a land which is not well served by public transport.
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Handout 6 - The appeal of the cruise

The appeal of the cruise includes: All inclusive nature (easy for the customer) High quality food Pleasant ambience High levels of security Making friends with similar people No constraints on baggage A way around a fear of ying Variety of destinations
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Handout 7 - Solution to crowded airports

Possible solutions to overcrowding might include:
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Improved ticketing technology Building new airports Building more runways at existing airports Bigger aeroplanes More ights at night Reduce demand (e.g. by raising prices)
Some of these options will impact the environment and may therefore be unpopular. Safety must also be a major consideration.
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Handout 8 - The Channel of Distribution
PRODUCERS / SUPPLIERS
- Transport - Accommodation - Attractions
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Handout 9 - The Channel of Distribution

The Channel of Distribution The Channel of Distribution is a model which can be used to show how a tourism product or service is distributed from its manufacturing source to its eventual customer. The model illustrates the core sectors in the tourism industry. Note the middlemen (sometimes called intermediaries). Traditionally in any distribution process there are middlemen. They buy the product and sell it to others in the channel. With international travel this has tended not to happen because the distribution channels between the suppliers of tourism products and their potential customers have been imperfect. However, with the arrival of the internet, this is now changing, with more and more customers being willing and able to put together their own package to suit their particular needs. However, the middlemen are still widely used and provide a good channel of distribution. Generally, the tour operator and / or the wholesaler in the tourism industry, takes on the bulk of this work. Tour operators buy or reserve in bulk; i.e. accommodation, transportation and other necessary services. These are then combined into packages. The components of the package are secured at a discount so that the price of the end product is usually much lower than if the consumer has assembled a package him/herself. The nal product is known technically as an inclusive tour, but is more
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commonly called a package tour. Packages are then sold either direct to the consumer or through a retailer, i.e. the travel agent. Travel agents make the bulk of their money through commissions received from principals for selling package tours and airline tickets. An agent may also offer travel-related services such as insurance and foreign exchange. Producers are not obliged to sell their products through the channel they can also sell direct to the consumer. Independent travellers put their own itinerary together by buying components direct from producers or from retail agents. It is common in domestic tourism for consumers to purchase tour components directly because they usually have good product knowledge and ready access to telephone to make reservations.
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Handout 10 - Concept of the package holiday

Whats in a package? Most package holidays contain 2 key components: transport to the destination accommodation at the destination Depending on the package, other things may be included such as: transfers from point of arrival to accommodation services of a resort representative employed by the tour operator meals car hire kids recreation centres entrance to attractions (e.g. Disneyland) excursions
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Activity 1: Main Sectors of the Tourism Industry

The tourism industry whos involved? The tourism industry is made up of businesses that do three key things: Setting up travel and holiday arrangements Getting people to their destinations Providing for their needs and enjoyment when they are there.
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Identify below the types of business which might be involved in each of these three stages: Setting up arrangements
Getting you there
At the destination
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Activity 2: The Linkages of Different Sectors

Working with a partner or in a small group, discuss the ways in which the various sectors of the tourism industry interact with each other. Come up with examples of this interaction and write them in the space below.
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Activity 3: Different Types of Accommodation

There is a very wide range of accommodation types. List as many different types of accommodation as you can think of in the space below.
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Activity 4: Characteristics of Different Accommodation Options

Answer the following questions: 1. How many different types of accommodation are available in Hong Kong? List the types below:
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2. What is the most expensive type of accommodation (on average)?
What is the most inexpensive type of accommodation?
3. Which month of the year has the lowest level of room occupancy in hotels of Hong Kong?
4. How might the tourist go about booking the accommodation on offer?
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Student worksheet 1: Accommodation Sector

The hospitality sector is totally dependent on the transport and attractions sectors for its survival. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Give examples to back up your answer.
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Activity 5: Transport Options for the Tourist

What methods of transport might the tourist use to get to his or her destination? List them below.
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What factors will the tourist consider when deciding which method of transport to choose?
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Activity 6: Relationship between Effective Access and Successful Tourism
Do you consider that Hong Kong is easily accessible by mainland Chinese tourists? Give reasons for your answer.
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Do you consider that Europe is easily accessible by Hong Kong tourists? Give reasons for your answer.
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Student worksheet 2: Transportation Sector

Look through some information on local tourist itineraries routes and complete the following tasks. Suggest a tourist itinerary which would be suitable for a group of young Japanese around mid 20s who are visiting Hong Kong for the rst time and are eager to see some spectacular scenery, excitement and sample some local heritage. Provide reasons to justify your choice of tourist itinerary for this group.
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Select a tourist itinerary which would be suitable for a family with young children who are not keen on sitting still for long periods of time! Explain why this would be a good choice of itinerary for this family.
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Activity 7: Modes of Transport (Water)
What do you consider is the appeal of the cruise as a holiday option? The appeal of the cruise includes:
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What are the contributions of the Government to the development of cruise tourism in Hong Kong?
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Activity 8: Modes of Transport (Air)

The popularity of air travel has led to crowded airports and congested skies. In the space below, suggest ways in which these problems may be overcome.
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Describe the reasons behind the third-runway recommendation by the Hong Kong Airport Authority.
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Activity 9: Modes of Transport (Rail)

High-speed Rail () has begun services between the cities of Wuhan and Guangzhou on 26 December 2009. Please complete the information for the High-speed Rail listed below. Routes operated
Passenger numbers
Services offered
Future plans
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Activity 10: Transport Options

A business woman had arranged to meet a client in Macao () at 10.00 am on a Monday in October. She lives in Hong Kong and expects to travel back later the same day. Investigate the travel options open to this business woman, bearing in mind that she cannot be late for this important meeting and wants to spend as little time as possible travelling there and back. Cost, while not a major issue, should be as reasonable as possible. List her options and make a recommendation as to the most suitable one. TRAVEL OPTIONS FROM HONG KONG TO MACAO.
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Student worksheet 3: Transportation Sector

1. What are the four major modes of transport in tourism and what factors inuence the customers choice of mode? 2. Why is accessibility important to the tourism industry? 3. How does tourism impact on transport developments? Give examples to illustrate. 4. Describe the main routes operated by High-speed Rail in the Mainland.
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5. Give 2 examples of how the transport sector supports businesses in other sectors of the tourism industry. 6. Cruising is more popular today than ever before. Explain the reasons why. 7. Differentiate between scheduled and chartered air services. 8. Many of the jobs in the transport sector involve dealing directly with customers. What qualities should staff have to perform these roles well? 9. The job of airlines cabin crews is one of the most glamorous jobs on offer. Discuss.
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Activity 11: Role of Tour Operators

Having read handout 9, you should now be aware of what tour operating entails. In the space below, list what you see as the key activities of tour operating. The key activities of tour operator are:
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The key activities of tour operating include: market research- to help decide what products are in demand. product development - using research data to determine size of programme, destinations, hotels, travel arrangements etc. contracting - drawing up contracts with the providers
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brochure production and distribution sales and promotion - including point of sale material, travel agency parties, familiarisation tours etc. reservations - taken by telephone / internet / mobile devices platform administration - including staff recruitment and training, nance and legal matters operation operational staff prepare ight manifests, rooming lists etc. customer services - handling queries and complaints from the public
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Activity 12: Role of Travel Agents

Travel Agencies 1. Take a walk down Mongkok / Causeway Bay and note all the travel agencies. What types of agency are represented?
2. Are there any travel agents in Hong Kong only offer airline tickets?
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3. Have you come across any travel agents specically dealing with business travel?
List the general tourism products you can nd in local travel agencies.
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Activity 13: Concept of the Package Holiday

Many Hong Kong tourists prefer to holiday abroad. This is known as OUTBOUND TOURISM. Most outbound holidays are still booked through travel agents, although developments in Information Technology mean that the consumers have much more choices in holiday and travel planning. The Internet for example opens up a whole new way of sourcing information and making reservations. Select 2 contrasting holidays from two tour operators or travel agents brochures: Who is the tour operator?
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Describe what is included in the package.
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Student worksheet 4: Intermediaries Sector

1. Brochures and holiday types fall into many different categories. From the brochures available, nd an example of each of the following and name the travel agents or tour operators: Summer Sun (3S)* Winter Sun (3S)* City Breaks
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Skiing Cruising Lake and Mountains Touring Theme parks * Sun, Sand and Sea.
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2. Select one of the above brochures which might help the following choose their holiday. (a) Two friends in their early twenties looking for sun and lively nightlife.
(b) An older couple who want a leisure holiday abroad but dont want to drive.
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(c) Clients who are keen on Japaneses culture. They enjoy walking, and look for peace and quietness.
(d) A couple looking for some sun in Christmas Holiday.
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Unit 5: The local tourism industry The development of

tourism in Hong Kong
Attractions
Topic Overview Topic THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism Unit 5: The local tourism industry The development of tourism in Hong Kong Attractions S4
Level
Duration 2 lessons (40 minutes per lesson) Learning Objectives: 1. To examine the present and future tourism products and their development in Hong Kong. 2. To introduce the basic groupings of natural and man-made attractions. 3. To identify examples of the different types of event attractions in Hong Kong. 4. To understand the nature and characteristics of different types of tourism products in Hong Kong and explain their roles in the local tourism industry.
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Attractions
Resources: Topic overview and teaching plan Handout Suggested activity Student worksheet
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Lesson 1 Theme Understand the nature and characteristics of different types of tourism attractions
Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Examine the present and future tourism products and their development in Hong Kong. 2. Introduce the basic groupings of natural and man-made attractions.
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Attractions
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Activities 1 and 2: The development of tourism in Hong Kong Ask students to refer to the website of HKTB (http:// partnernet.hktb.com Research Statistics NEWS) and require them to complete activities 1 & 2. These activities can be a starting point to examine the present and future tourism products and their development in Hong Kong. Activities 15 minutes 1&2 p.13-15 Resources Time Allocation
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Part II: Content Activity 3: Natural attraction Introduce the basic groupings of natural and man-made attractions. Have students complete Activity 3. Students should be able to give at least one example for each category but should be encouraged to identify more if possible. (referring to Hong Kong Fun in 18 Districts, http://www. gohk.gov.hk/eng/welcome/index. html). Part III: Conclusion Activity 4: Man-made attraction Handout 1 15 minutes p.10 Explain the characteristics of man-made attractions and give out handout 1 and go through the content with students.
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Activity 3 10 minutes p.16
Teacher concludes the session by reviewing the different types of tourism attractions. Ask the students to complete activity 4 either in class or at home. 6
Activity 4 p.17
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Lesson 2 Theme Examine the event attractions and tourism products in Hong Kong
Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Identify examples of different types of event attractions in Hong Kong. 2. Understand the nature and characteristics of different types of tourism products in Hong Kong and explain their roles in the local tourism industry.
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the nature and characteristics of natural and man-made attractions. 5 minutes Reference Time Allocation
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Part II: Content Activity 5: Different types of event attractions Have students complete activity 5 and discuss the importance of event attractions as a means of increasing visitor spending. Give out handout 2 and go through the content with students. Activity 5 15 minutes p.18
Handout 2 p.11
Activity 6: Tourism products in Activity 6 10 minutes p.19 Hong Kong Have students complete activity 6 to enable them to identify Handout 3 examples of different types of p.12 attraction in Hong Kong. Explain different types of attractions may be owned and operated by the public sector or by voluntary organiations. Give out handout 3 and go through the content with students
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Attractions
Part III: Conclusion Activity 7 10 minutes Activity 7: Revision p.20 Teacher concludes the session by asking the students to complete activities 7 either in class or at home (based on the knowledge they have learned before)
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Handout 1 Natural Attractions and Made-made attractions

Natural attractions include: landforms: mountains, hills, bays, coastlines, beaches and islands natural vegetations and wildlife forest and national/country parks climate geological features Man-made attractions can be grouped in any number of ways, including: entertainment theatres, concert halls, cinema, shopping facilities, theme parks, etc. historic heritage sites, famous architectures, historic relics and museums, etc. cultural art, handicrafts, food, lifestyle, music, etc. industrial (cultural) distilleries, specialist food manufacturers, power station, etc.
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Handout 2 Event Attractions

In addition to the categories of natural and man-made, a further category of attractions is event attractions. This could include: sporting events arts festivals markets and fairs traditional customs and folklore events historical anniversaries
There can be overlap between these categories. For example, events can be staged within man-made attractions in order to enhance the visitor experience to the attraction. These events may take the form of historical pageants staged within historic buildings in an attempt to bring history to life. Events are designed to attract people who might otherwise not visit the attraction. Example : DETOUR 2010, an art event organized by AOD was held at Victoria Prison on Old Bailey Street in Nov 26, 2010.
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Handout 3 -Roles in the Local Tourism Industry

Attractions, both natural and man-made, may be owned and operated by the public sector or by voluntary organisations and the private commercial sector. Public sector attractions receive a substantial part of their funds from general taxation and are often operated by local authorities. These attractions usually offer free entry. Within the commercial sector, attractions must operate at a prot in order to contribute a return on capital invested. Commercial attractions are therefore much more marketing orientated than public sector attractions.
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Attractions
Activity 1: The Development of Tourism in Hong Kong

Refer to the website of HKTB (http://partnernet.hktb.com Research Statistics NEWS) to nd out the following information about Hong Kong. Question 1. How many tourists visited Hong Kong in the year that the gures refer to? (1) Total (2) How many of these were from overseas and from the mainland? 2. How much did tourists spend in Hong Kong in the same year? (1) Total (2) Average Answer
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3. What is the most popular visitor attraction in Hong Kong?
4. What percentage of the working population is employed in tourism-related jobs in Hong Kong?
5. What are the most important markets for Hong Kong tourism? (i.e. where do most of our tourists come from?)
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6. How many days did tourists stay in Hong Kong in average?
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Activity 2: The Development of Tourism in Hong Kong

If visitors stay one night or more, what would be their biggest expense? Name six items and number them in order of the biggest spending during their visit. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Compare results in class.
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Activity 3: Natural Attraction

Give an example of each type of natural attraction listed below. You can choose an attraction in Hong Kong or from the mainland. Landforms:
Natural vegetations and wildlife:
Forest and national/country parks:
Climate:
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Geological features:
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Activity 4: Man-made Attraction

List below two named local examples within each category of man-made attraction. Entertainment Example 1: Example 2: Historic Example 1: Example 2: Cultural Example 1: Example 2: Industrial (if any) Example 1: Example 2:
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Activity 5: Different Types of Event Attractions

List below as many event attractions as you can think of.
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Activity 6: Tourism Products in Hong Kong

Refer to a guide book or HKTB brochures and select examples of each of the following categories of visitor attraction. Man-made:
Natural:
Event:
Publicly owned:
Operated within the voluntary sector (if any):
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Privately owned:
Activity 7 : Student worksheet

Refer to the website of Hong Kong Tourism Board (http://www. discoverhongkong.com) or Hong Kong Fun in 18 Districts, http://www.gohk.gov.hk/eng/welcome/index.html) to answer the following questions. Question 1. Name two natural attractions in Hong Kong 2. Name one event suitable for children in summer holiday. 3. Name two built attractions in Hong Kong Island. 4. Name one event in 2012 suitable for music lovers (if any). 5. Name two hiking trails in Hong Kong Country Parks Answer
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Unit 6: The local tourism industry Impact of tourism
Topic Overview Topic THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism Unit 6: The local tourism industry Impact of tourism S4
Level
Duration 8 lessons (40 minutes per lesson) Learning Objectives: 1. To identify the impact of tourism 2. To describe the positive impact of tourism -economic benets -social and cultural benets -environmental benets 3. To introduce tourism developments in Hong Kong 4. To describe the negative impact of tourism - economic cost - social and cultural cost - environmental cost 5. To illustrate with case studies of local area and foreign area
Impact
Unit 6: The local tourism industry

Impact of tourism
Resources: Topic overview and teaching plan Handout Suggested activity and answers
Impact
Lesson 1 Theme Understand the impact of tourism Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Identify the impact of tourism.
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Handout 1: Glossary Handout 1 with lecture on glossary of terms to provide overview. New terms will take time to be used with ease and denitions understood. Handout 1 10 minutes p.19 Resources Time Allocation
Impact

Impact of tourism
Part II: Content Activity 1 : Impact of the tourism industry Have students brainstorm in pairs or small groups to complete Activity 1. Emphasize the size of the tourism industry and the millions of people who are involved in it throughout the world. Brainstorm the type of jobs, especially the ones that are not directly employed by hotels. Note that there may be benets to both the host population and the tourist. Part III: Conclusion Teacher concludes the session by reviewing the impact of tourism 5 minutes Activity 1 25 minutes p.28-31
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Lesson 2 Theme Understand the economic benets of tourism Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Describe the economic benets of tourism. 2. Introduce tourism developments in Hong Kong.
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the impact of tourism as follows: Economic contribution of tourism Social impact of tourism Cultural impact of tourism Environmental impact of tourism 5 minutes Reference Time Allocation
Impact

Impact of tourism
Part II: Content Activity 2: Economic benets Earnings from tourism: Explain here that there are businesses relying primarily on tourism income like, hotels, shopping, attractions and restaurants in tourist areas where they cater for both locals and tourists. Outcome: Seasonal attractions earn from tourism only. McDonalds and local transport businesses make their prots from locals and tourists alike. Activity 3: Tourism developments in Hong Kong Prepare information on tourism developments - case study of Hong Kong. Have students to complete Activity 3. Part III: Conclusion
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Activity 2 20 minutes p.32-36
Activity 3 10 minutes p.37-39
Teacher concludes the session by Handout 2 5 minutes p.20-21 reviewing the economic benets of tourism in Handout 2.
Lesson 3 Theme Duration Identify the social and cultural benets of tourism 40 minutes
Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Describe the social and cultural benets of tourism.
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the economic benets of tourism 5 minutes Reference Time Allocation
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Impact of tourism
Part II: Content Activity 4: Social and cultural benets Point out again the meanings of social and culture. Give some examples, perhaps using Handout 3. Culture is very difcult to describe. For example, it could mean all the ideas, beliefs, values and knowledge which are shared by a group of people; or it could be the art, music and literature of a society as well as the leisure activities of the people. Part III: Conclusion Handout 3 10 minutes Give out Handout 3 and go through the content of case study p.22-23 with students for concluding the session. Activity 4 25 minutes p.40
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Lesson 4 Theme Identify the environmental benets of tourism Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Describe the environmental benets of tourism. 2. Summarizes the positive impact of tourism.
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the social and cultural benets of tourism and the elements of culture. Part II: Content Activity 5 20 minutes Activity 5: Environmental p.41 benets Handout 4 Discuss Handout 4 with p.24 case study to point out the environmental benets of tourism. 10 minutes Reference Time Allocation
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Part III: Conclusion Teacher concludes the session by reviewing the benets of environment on the tourism industry. Activity 6: Summary of the positive impact of tourism Teacher asks the students to complete Activities 6 at home (based on the knowledge they have learned before) Activity 6 10 minutes p.42
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Lesson 5 Theme Identify the economic cost caused by tourism Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Describe the economic cost caused by tourism.
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the positive impact of tourism. Economic benets Social and cultural benets Environmental benets 10 minutes Reference Time Allocation
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Part II: Content Activity 7: Economic cost Look at the information given in Activity 7 and point out the problems for the local village people. Part III: Conclusion Teacher go through the content of economic cost with students. 5 minutes Activity 7 25 minutes p.43-45
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Lesson 6 Theme Identify the social and cultural cost caused by tourism
Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Describe the social and cultural cost caused by tourism. Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the economic cost caused by tourism. Part II: Content Activity 8: Social and cultural cost Use the table with the examples of problems. Choose the four that you think are the most damaging in your opinion. Part III: Conclusion 10 minutes TWO Teacher concludes the session by reviewing the students opinion Additional reading and comment in Activity 8. materials p.48-49 and p.50-51 14
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Reference
Time Allocation 5 minutes
Activity 8 p.46-49
25 minutes

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Lesson 7 Theme Identify the environmental cost caused by tourism Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Describe the environmental cost caused by tourism. Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the social and cultural cost caused by tourism. Part II: Content Activity 9: Environmental cost There is an article that describes actual events. Discuss with the students and ask them to give reasons why the damage should stop. Additional 20 minutes reading material p.52-53 5 minutes Reference Time Allocation
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Activity 10: Environmental cost Activity 10 10 minutes p.54-58 Use one of the two case studies (Coral Reefs or Cairngorms) and any other information you can nd to describe the problems caused by tourism. Part III: Conclusion Activity 10 5 minutes Activity 10: Environmental cost p.54-58 Asks the students to complete the remaining case study in Activity 10 at home as written exercises.
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Lesson 8 Theme Conclude the negative impact of tourism Duration 40 minutes Expected Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this lesson, students will be able to: 1. Summarize the negative impact of tourism. 2. Illustrate with case studies of local areas and foreign areas.
Teaching Sequence and Time Allocation: Activities Part I: Introduction Teacher recaps the negative impact of tourism Economic cost Social and cultural cost Environmental cost 5 minutes Reference Time Allocation
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Part II: Content Activity 11: Summary of the negative impact There is an article that describes the people affected by tourism. Go through the information with the students and asks them to complete Activity 11 for summary of the negative impact. Part III: Conclusion Handout 5 10 minutes Case study of local area or &6 overseas tourist destinations p.25-27 Handouts 5 and 6 are designed to give the student some guidelines. Conduct a case study with reference to Handout 5 and Handout 6 Activity 11 25 minutes p.59-64
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Handout 1 - The Impact of Tourism Activities

An overview Interactive lecture glossary of terms: Economic contribution of tourism Anything connected with money and jobs income to an area or country and impact on employment. Social impact of tourism Its inuence on people and how they live. Cultural impact of tourism Its inuence on an area in terms of customs, history, architecture, music, arts. Environmental impact of tourism Any consequences of visitor numbers to an area and a country. the increased use of facilities the visitor effect on the natural environment
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Handout 2 - Economic Benets (or How much money can we make from the tourists?)
Tourism is probably the worlds biggest employer making more money than any other industry. It has a signicant impact on our lives. For example, it affects our spending habits, leisure pursuits, even our tastes and lifestyles. Remember that tourism is a two way process: the tourist travels to a destination; the residents of the destination the host community receive the tourist. There are three ways in which the tourist industry brings benets to an area: Employment. There are few industries that employ more people. It is an industry that is labour intensive. This means that it needs to use people rather than machinery to operate. Imagine being taught to windsurf by a computer program or have the bed sheets changed by a mechanical maid. These are not just the people you see serving you on holiday, but all the people working behind the scenes, like the farmers growing lettuces for the hotel trade or the person employed designing postcards. Income. Everyone spends a lot of money on his or her holidays. Obviously this money goes into the pockets of
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the people who organise or serve you during the holiday. Again there are hidden benets for the whole community. The hotel owner has to buy more food from the local suppliers. The suppliers have more money to pay their workers, and the workers spend more money in shopping. Development. Tourism attracts money from businessmen from all over the world who want to see the area developed for the tourists. They put money into building airports, roads, hotels, restaurants, shopping malls, and factories making tourist related goods like food products or furniture. All this development gives the government money from taxes that can be spent to make the living standards of the local people better, better jobs and pay, education for all. Many countries such as Maldives and Spain have beneted from the tourism industrys success.
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Handout 3 - Social and Cultural Benets of Tourism

There are a range of good things that tourism can bring to an area: 1. Contact with tourists helps local people get exposed to new ideas and attitudes. 2. More facilities are provided that the locals can use swimming pools, shops, etc. Tourism often brings awareness that old buildings or traditions need to be protected or conserved. The entrance money can be used to maintain the buildings. 3. Many handicraft skills may be preserved because of tourism support. It can also revive an interest in and support for handicraft that may have died. 4. Young people who may have been forced to leave to nd work can now stay.
Case Study: Aborigines in Australia At the approach of the Sydney Olympics Australia experienced a boom in the number of visitors from the countries around the Pacic from Japan and Singapore to U.S.A. The people of the Jawoyn tribe in the north of Australia got together to
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train Aborigines as guides and boat operators. A group was set up in the town of Katherine to perform a traditional dance called the corroboree at the tourist hotel. At another location they offered the visitors traditional food, bush walks and even boomerang throwing lessons. It is seen as valuable education for the tourist who can learn to appreciate the tribal culture. It corrects the image of Aborigines as a downtrodden rag-tag people with social problems of alcoholism and a dependence on government handouts. It also emphasised to the Jawoyn people the signicance of their own culture. Case Study: Monasteries in Ladakh, India Tourists who visit this isolated Indian India province in the Himalayas can be asked to pay for entry into the Buddhist monasteries. This money is used to pay for keeping the monasteries from falling into disrepair. It is also used to restore old tapestries and to construct new shrines.
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Handout 4 - Environmental Benets

Case Study: Kenya in Africa Tourism is Kenyas number one industry. It provides 40% of Kenyan foreign exchange earnings. In 1994 one million people visited the national parks. The money raised supports the Kenyan Wildlife Service. It funds anti-poaching activities and helps to protect the wildlife. Case Study: CAMPFIRE program in Zimbabwe, Africa By charging the hunters of animals and the tourists shooting with their cameras, a lot of money could be generated in poor, dry areas where the farmers struggled to make ends meet. This money was kept in the local communities who could spend it on improvements like schools, clinics, wells, beekeeping and tree planting. The locals were involved and saw that it beneted them to preserve the wildlife and keep their goats off the areas that supported the wild animals.
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Handout 5 - Local Area Case Study

Study the impact of tourism in the local area: provision for tourists, developments from tourism, numbers of visitors, economic impact, pressure of change and the ability to resist within the community. Introduction What will you have to do? There is no need to set length for the report but you could aim for about 400 words (2 or 3 pages of writing). It would be advisable to break down your plan of action into sections. For example, it could look like the following: 1. Select a place which attracts tourists; 2. List the sort of things that may be involved in providing for tourists in the area; 3. Carry out an investigation using a variety of methods. This might involve a visit or writing away for resources or even a questionnaire; 4. Complete a report based on what you have found. The report must cover a number of factors affecting the tourist industry in the area. Some examples include: Where is the area? How do tourists get here?
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What kind of tourists are they in general? Family groups, young or old? Where do they stay and where do they eat? What is the general reason they have come to this area? What do they visit? What do they take part in or do in the way of events? What jobs are created by tourism? Do the tourists affect the attitudes of the local people? Do local people complain about the tourists? What is your attitude to the tourists? Do you think they behave all right and, if not, how do you think they should behave. Do the tourists generate problems? Would you say that the area and the local people benet or suffer as a result of tourists?
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Handout 6 - Case Study : Overseas Tourist Destinations

Study the impact of tourism in an overseas destinations from the point of view of a visitor. It will allow comparisons to be made with the local study. There is no need to set length for the report but you could aim for about 400 words (2 or 3 pages of writing). Introduction What will you have to do? It is advisable to break down your plan of action into sections. For example, it could look like the following: 1. Select a destination in a foreign area. Check that it is suitable and there is likely to be enough information. 2. Plan the sort of things that need to be investigated in the report. 3. Carry out an investigation. The investigation will probably involve obtaining information from specic National Tourism Organization (NTO). 4. Complete a report based on what you have found. It should cover a number of factors: What is provided for tourists in the way of facilities and events? The effects of tourism on the people of the area and their culture. The effects of tourism on the environment. What can be done to work towards developing the tourism industry that will avoid the damage that has been caused in the past? 27
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Activity 1: Impact on the Tourism Industry

The impact of tourism activities Give examples as to what impact tourism has on a destination. Fill in the boxes below with these examples. Economic contribution of tourism Anything connected with money and jobs income to an area and employment. Note down general examples:
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Social impact of tourism Its inuence on people and how they live. Note down general examples:
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Activity 1: Impact on the Tourism Industry
Cultural impact of tourism Its inuence on an area in terms of customs, history, architecture, music and the arts. Note down general examples:
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Environmental impact of tourism Any consequences of visitor numbers to an area and a country for resources and facilities (physical) for the natural environment (ecological). Note down general examples:
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Activity 2: Economic Benets of Tourism

Smart Market Classied SUPPLIES WANTED Milan Pizza & Pasta **** Quality Italian Fast Food Restaurant in SoHo Grand Opening 21 May Local Souvenirs Shop is looking for new suppliers of quality goods. Regular deliveries must be guaranteed. Priority to locally produced paintings, picture frames, silk ties, etc. Call 96124321 News from the local radio station in Hong Kong There is to be a major new development in Lantau Island. The international resort group New Star is going to announce a new HKD 750 million resort to be built on the island. The development will be based around a hotel with 2 swimming pools, water sport facilities, shopping mall, and conference centre.
Hong Kong Ocean Park Entrance to Ocean Park Family Ticket $ 280 Child Ticket $ 110 Adult Ticket $ 210 Senior Citizen Ticket $ 80 Annual Pass for family $ 2,000
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1. Choose two of the advertisements on P.32 and for each write out a list of the jobs that would be created. Put the jobs in the box. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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2. Use the example of Ocean Park and imagine yourself as the tourist. Make a list of all the things you could pay for on your day visit if you went there with a family group. Roughly calculate how much it would cost the family.
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3. Imagine you are the mayor of the small village on Lantau Island. There will be a new hotel development and you know that the government will get a lot of money in land sale. Many of the local people are uncertain about the advantages of the development. Write out a short speech which lists out the good things that the development will bring to the village people.
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Activity 3: Tourism Developments in Hong Kong

1. Supply ve examples of businesses in Hong Kong which make prots from tourists. - Which ones rely on income from tourists only? - Which businesses are provided for locals and tourists alike?
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2. Which area of the economy (industry) in Hong Kong provides most of the jobs?
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Activity 3: Tourism Developments in Hong Kong

Tourism developments in Hong Kong Share your knowledge in the class. Are any new hotels being built? Are more transportation links available for extended access to Hong Kong? Are there any new tourism developments available for tourists? Which of the above are enjoyed by locals and visitors?
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Activity 4: Social and Cultural Benets of Tourism

Construct a table like the one below and make a short list of the things that are part of your culture. Use the headings given to help you. Do the same in column 2 by picking one of the countries listed. My Culture 1 Country 2 (Any one of Japan/ India/Thailand/France/ Italy/Russia)
National dress Food Handicrafts Language Religion Architecture Art Famous people in history
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Activity 5: Environmental Benets of Tourism

1. You are in charge of a semi-private zoo located in a small village on Hengqin Island. It is a treasure house of all the well-known animals like lions, giraffes, rhinos, elephants, ostriches, etc. You are struggling to make improvements to the zoo with the small amount of money that the government gives you each year. You would like to raise money yourself. Can you make out a plan of action or a list of the ways? - to get more tourists to come to the park; - to increase the amount of money they spend (what can you offer them); 2. One other benet is that the tourist industry has changed the employment pattern for women. The traditional role of women was as mothers and housekeepers. Now the tourist industry can offer an escape. Write out a list of ve jobs in the zoo that would attract local women near the village on Hengqin Island.
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Activity 6: Summary of the Positive Impact

Use the following diagram that shows what a farmer living near Phuket, Thailand might think about the tourist development along the coast. Giving each diagram a heading Economic / Social and Cultural/ Environment to state the Benets of Tourism.
Ive got a big market for my crops.
Clean water from the new reservoir.
Having a new TV at last.
They will build a new school.
My son is not leaving for the big city after all.
We may get a hospital.
Ill buy a tractor. My children meet children from other countries at the disco.
Better roads are promised.
It will bring jobs for my wife and children.
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Activity 7: Economic Cost

A resort hotel with golf course is being built near Haikou, Hainan. Can you think of the problems for the farmers and shermen who live in there? Electrical work and air conditioning done by a German rm Food from several other European and North American countries; Brandy - France; Beer - Germany; Fruits - U.S.A.; Beef U.S.A.
Carpets-UK Elevators-Japan; Furniture-U.S.A.; Sanitation-Germany
Water for toilets, showers, swimming pools is local but means farmers lose irrigation for crops
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Hotel owned by Hiyet International, based in New York. All prots to USA
Land prices rise. Not enough land for farming and housing for local people
Shop prices rise as owners realise tourist will pay more
Hotels General Manager from U.S.A. and Japanese entertainments manager. Food and beverage staff and housekeeping staff are all locals. Women outnumber men by 3:1 for the total number of hotels staff.
Beach and harbour are supposed to be used by local shermen. They are relocated along with the people that lived along the beach
Demand for electricity rises. New power plan built in valley means the lost of inlandfarmland
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Activity 7: Economic Cost

Look at the above diagrams and nd out the economic cost that the development will bring to the local village people.
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Activity 8: Social and Cultural Cost

There are many examples of damage to the local people and their way of life. This table shows the sort of claims that are made when condemning the effects of tourism. Examples of Problems Children drop out of school to sell souvenirs that can make a quick return rather than stay in education or training. Young people may copy the behaviour and values of tourists. They may undervalue their own culture, seeing it as the culture of the old people.
Women may be exploited by Foreigners come with an attitude that the local culture is sex tourism. primitive or exotic. Tourists rarely mix with local people offering little in the way of productive contact and interaction. Big differences in wages between the tourism industry and the rest of the economy breed resentment. Staff in hotels may resent being put into the role of servant. They are poor and the foreigners are rich and bossy. 46
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Visitors bring their own values that they impose, e.g. nude bathing, excessive drinking, taking drugs, etc. Taking photographs is an invasion of somebodys privacy. Traditional arts and crafts are altered to suit the tourist market.

Impact of tourism

Use the above table with the examples of problems. Choose the four that you think are the most damaging in your opinion. Write out each and explain why you feel it is bad. (You can put yourself in the position of a local person.)
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Additional Reading Material
Foreign Minister hosts Conference on the Growth of Sex Tourism

***************************************************************** Yesterday in London delegates from around the world lobbied the Minister to act now to apply pressure to stop the cancer of prostitution and pornography that is spreading, particularly in countries like Thailand, Myanmar and the Philippines. They want legislation to prosecute British tourists who go to these countries to take part in the trade and who have fueled its rapid increase in recent years. Estimates suggest that 4% of Thai women are involved in the sex industry, many of them already infected with HIV. Because there are few jobs for women, prostitution is the only employment for many, particularly those from a poor area.
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An estimated 60,000 children are involved in child prostitution in the Philippines. Hill tribes in Northern Thailand and neighbouring countries are supplying the cities like Bangkok with children as young as 12, often being sold by fathers or uncles or being tricked by promises of work and training. These tribes are minority groups in the country with little political power. There are no education or employment opportunities in the area. It is hoped to raise awareness amongst the British public and encourage UK citizens to take action.
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Activity 8: Social and Culture Cost

Isle of Skye, Scotland Culture for Sale

***************************************************************** As tourists head north to the Highlands and Islands they expect to see a place where time has stood still. They dont expect to see houses built of brick or concrete but want a stone cottage, preferably with a thatched roof. They think it is OK to stick chilled food from Marks into the microwave but they demand authentic food cooked on an old open range cooker yet still arriving on the table without waiting too long. Double standards abound. The locals must somehow be kept in limbo using none of the benets of modern civilisation and being on show as a living, working museum.
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On Skye many hotels are owned by non-locals but rarely by locals. The brochures in the local tourist information ofce have pictures of tartan clad grannies spinning wool. The houses that stand out as being quaint and picturesque were almost certainly bought at a huge price by an outsider as a holiday home, with young married couples forced to look elsewhere. The lobsters and prawns caught around the coast end up in London or Spanish hotels while local hotels buy in deep frozen sh. And yet it seems as if things are all right with busy streets, at least in summer, and new buildings. Gaels look like anybody else in the UK and the Gaelic language is spoken more in homes than in public. The schools may be kept open to cater for the children of incomers but the teaching environment is fundamentally different.
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Activity 9: Environmental Cost

The Town That Hit Back

***************************************************************** About an hours drive from Mexico City there is a small town called Tepoztlan Morelos. The townsfolk are a proud Nahuatl community which has farmed in this beautiful area for thousands of years. They have been able to keep many of their traditions, ceremonies and celebrations and dont like the idea of their children becoming waiters and chambermaids to the incomers. The incomers in this case are not the conquistadors of Spain but a company of investors who won planning permission to construct 800 houses, a hotel, a golf course, a tennis club and many other amenities. Even the fact that the area is also an ecological reserve and national park did not stop the state governor and the mayor from signing the consent for the development.
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The Tepoztecos fought back by taking six hostages in the City Hall and keeping them there for two days. Their argument is that the ground water they depend on for their farms would be plundered for sprinklers on the golf course and baths in the luxury houses. Rare plants and animals would disappear from the area. An archaeological site dating back 1,000 years would be endangered. At the heart of the matter is the effect on the culture of these ercely proud people. Although only a few of the older people still speak it, the language is the same as the one spoken by the Aztecs. Their sense of community is based on the ownership of the land that their ancestors lived on. While the police and army watch, the Municipal Palace continues to be occupied by people from the town and the Tepoztecs say they are ready to defend it with their lives.
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Case Study 1: Coral Reefs Down the north east coast of Australia there is a long coral reef. There are others around islands and continents in the warm tropical oceans of the world, but the Great Barrier Reef is the longest in the world. Coral consists of billions of living animals and the coral we see in shops is just its skeleton. The reef is the feeding and breeding ground of thousands of species of sh that live nowhere else. Not only sh depend upon coral reefs but they also help to support other creatures like dolphins, sharks and whales. Like the rainforests coral absorbs carbon dioxide and releases oxygen. This keeps our atmosphere healthy and helps to prevent global warming. Reefs also protect low-lying land along the coast from the big ocean waves and allow shing communities the shelter they need to survive. Almost all Pacic islands are protected in this way.
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Why are coral reefs in danger?
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Case Study 2: The Cairngorms The Cairngorms have become one of the best skiing areas in Britain. Before skiing, this area was an inaccessible area that only attracted a few walkers, climbers and sportsmen like deerstalkers or shermen. There was a range of wildlife such as grouse, ptarmigan, red deer, red squirrels, pine martens and mountain hares. In the valleys there was one of the last bits of the ancient Caledonian Forest and in the high mountain plateau there was one of the last true wilderness areas in Europe. Mass skiing became popular and all this was threatened.
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When mass skiing became popular and all this was threatened, why?
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Suggested answer for case study 1 1. Reefs are great fun for divers. The anchors of boats and snorkelers looking for souvenirs damage and kill the coral. 2. Beach hotels release sewage and rubbish into the sea. 3. Propellers and building work on the coast disturb soil and sand that settle on the coral and kill it. 4. Locals break off coral to sell to aquariums and to tourists as ornaments and souvenirs. Tourists may try to collect their own souvenirs. Suggested answer for case study 2 The landscape looked terrible with cables and pylons Noise and activity disturbed wildlife Snow is packed down by skis into ice that cuts off air to the soil below. This kills plants that do not recover when the ice melts. The soil is washed away by the heavy rain, leaving bare rock Footpaths to summits are trampled by thousands of feet causing erosion Litter attracts gulls that then steal the eggs of nesting birds.
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Activity 11: Summary of the Negative Impact

People Affected by Tourism Hotel owner The tourists who come here bring a lot of money. I know that the place couldnt do without them now, what with all that they spend. Weve never had it so good, selling those souvenirs, offering accommodation. Just look at all the new restaurants and hotels. Tourist This is a tremendous place to come on holiday. The food and drink are really cheap. I think the locals are friendly and the beaches are out of this world. There is not a bit of litter. Waiter I cant stand them, even though my job depends on them. Its only for the summer anyway. Its a pretty poor area around here and there are many that would like my job. Thats why they pay poorly and if you complain they just sack you. Local businessman You would think that we get lots of money from tourists, with all these new hotels. But the travel companys bargain really hard and there is lots of other places like this in our part of the world. Some of the companies are making almost no prot.
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Hotel gardener I was a farmer. That is my land where that big hotel is. The government took my land from me saying it was needed for the good of the area. I got some money but not enough to keep me going for more than a couple of years. I had to go to the owners and beg for a job. It was my land but the tourists just look at me as if Im nothing. Farmer I thought I would make money by selling food products to the hotels. My land is fertile enough. But I cant get water for the dry season from the river. It has been dammed to make a reservoir to ll all those swimming pools. Most of the food is imported anyway. They dont want the local products.
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People Affected by Tourism Fisherman This coast had some of the best shellsh in the country. I used to sail up and down here each day making my living. Now the sewage from the hotels gets dumped into the sea and the shing beds are suffocating and you cant even eat what you catch its so poisonous. Its the locals who suffer. We need the sea for our livelihood and food. Travel agent The coast is a haven for paradise lovers, long white beaches fringed by palms. Friendly waiters bring you exotic drinks as you relax and enjoy the sun. If you feel active there are lots of excursions on offer, out to the coral reef in a speedboat or visit the nearby national parks. Politician The tourist business is good for us. It brings in money, foreign exchange that we need to develop our country. It gives us jobs and builds links between the nations. I want to see tourism expand.
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Old woman These tourists disgust me. Look at them on the beach almost naked. Have the women no shame? Last week a group of them just walked into the temple in our village taking photos with their great ashing cameras. One of the women wore a bikini, nothing else. Teenager I have been promised a job in my uncles hotel next year when I leave school. I work there every school holiday anyway and the money is good. But if my exam results are what I expect Im going to university to do a management course and the money from the holiday job will keep me alright. Im going to get a hotel of my own. Musician When I was young I always wanted to play guitar in a folk band but my mother said not to be stupid. Look at me now! Ive given up my job in the factory and I make more than enough money playing with my group in the hotels along the coast. We offer local music and dancing and things have never been better.
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Use the information on p.59-62 that shows the types of things said by people about the tourist industry. Put each person who believes tourism has bad effects into the left hand column. In the other column say, in your words, why the person is complaining. Person against tourism 1. Reason why they are against it
2.
3.
4.
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5.

Person against tourism 6. Reason why they are against it
7.
8.
9.
10.
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Personal, Social and Humanities
Education Section, Education Bureau 2012
2012

Tourism CSM (Eng)

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Curriculum Support Materials for New Senior Secondary Tourism and Hospitality Studies (S4-6) Part 1

Tourism concepts and principles

Tourism concepts and principles

Attractions A typology of attractions and forms of tourism development

Tourism concepts and principles

The local tourism industry

The local tourism industry The local tourism industry

The development of tourism in Hong Kong Attractions

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles - Tourism and

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

Understand the meanings of Travel ,Tourism and Tourist

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

Part II: Content

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

Handout 5 p.17 Activity 5 p.27

Handout 4 5 minutes p.16

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Handout 6 10 minutes p.19

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

Handout 1 - Concepts of Travel and Tourism

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Handout 2 - Concepts of Travel and Tourism

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

Handout 3 - Concepts of Travel and Tourism

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Handout 4 - Denitions of Traveller, Tourist and Excursionist

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

Handout 5 - Denitions of Tourist

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

(see p.14 of Manual: Introduction to Tourism)

DOMESTIC tourism within a country by people who live in that country

INTERNATIONAL tourism between countries

INTERNATIONAL TOURISM can be further divided into Inbound Tourism

Handout 6 Types of tourism

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Activity 1: Discussion on what is tourism and what is a tourist

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

Activity 2: Concept of Tourism

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

1. Where does your groups partner live?

2. Where did s/he go as a tourist?

3. How long did it take to get there?

Activity 3: Concept of Tourist.

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

4. How long did s/he stay?

5. What kind of things did s/he do in the destination?

6. Did s/he think of her/himself as a tourist? Why/why not?

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

Activity 4: Traveller, Tourist and Excursionist

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism

Unit 1: Tourism concepts and principles -Tourism and the tourist

Activity 5: Traveller, Tourist and Excursionist

THS Compulsory Part Introduction to Tourism