Vital Sign

Ranges Possible Symptoms Normal: around 120/80 mmHg Hypotension: below 90/60 mmHg Hypertension: above 140/90 mmHg dizzy or lightheaded fainting fast or irregular heartbeat rapid, shallow breathing cold, clammy, pale skin nausea blurred vision weak, tired, or confused anxious or confused fatigued or sleepy severe headache severe chest pain blurred vision nausea/vomiting shortness of breath seizures unresponsiveness

Possible Causes pregnancy heart problems endocrine problems dehydration major blood loss infection or allergy lack of nutrients certain medications body position nervous system damage kidney disease thyroid disease adrenal gland tumors sleep apnea defects in blood vessels certain medications illegal drugs

Blood Pressure

Normal: 60-100 beats per min Bradycardia: slower than 60 beats per min dizzy fainting or feeling weak shortness of breath tired or confused chest pains dizzy or lightheaded shortness of breath heart palpitations chest pain fainting damaged heart tissue, heart defects underactive thyroid sleep apnea inflammatory diseases certain medications damaged heart tissue, heart defects high blood pressure smoking fever alcohol or caffeine overactive thyroid gland medications illegal drugs

Pulse Rate

Tachycardia: faster than 100 beats per min

Vital Sign

Ranges Possible Symptoms Normal: 12 - 20 breaths per min Bradypnea: slower than 12 breaths per min bluish or grayish color weak breath sounds rapid heart rate restless or confused decreased level of consciousness bluish or grayish color difficulty breathing rapid heart rate wheezing or abnormal sounds external physical signs

Possible Causes damage to the brain narcotic medications or alcohol sleep apnea damage to kidneys abnormal metabolic processes fever dehydration asthma COPD blood clot in the lungs infections drug overdoses

Respiration Rate

Tachypnea: faster than 20 breaths per min

Normal: between 97.8 F and 99.1 F (average 98.6 F) Hypothermia: drowsiness cold exposure weakness, loss of very old or young below 97.8 F coordination chronically ill or pale and cold skin infection confusion metabolic disorders shivering fatigue slow breathing or alcohol or drugs heart rate not drinking or eating lethargy enough Body Temperature Pyrexia (fever) or hyperthermia: above 100.4 F headache dizziness, lightheadedness confusion or combativeness rapid, weak pulse rapid, shallow breathing lack of sweating dry, hot, red skin faintness weakness or staggering seizures unconsciousness Pyrexia: infections immunizations autoimmune or inflammatory disorders blood clots medications Hyperthermia: unable to sweat being dehydrated certain diseases low-salt diet medications over or underweight