INTRODUCTION TO JAVA TECHNOLOGY

1. Introduction to Java
Java is an object oriented programming language with a built-in application programming interface (API) that can handle graphics and user interfaces and that can be used to create applications or applets. Because of its rich set of APIs similar to Macintosh and Windows, and its platform independence, Java can also be thought of as a platform in itself. Java also has standard libraries for doing mathematics. Much of the syntax of Java is the same as C and C++. One major difference is that Java does not have pointers. However, the biggest difference is that you must drive object oriented code in Java. Procedural pieces of code can only be embedded in objects. In the following we assume that the reader has some familiarity with a programming language. In particular, some familiarity with the syntax of C/C++ is useful. In Java we distinguish between applications, which are programs that perform the same functions as those written in other programming languages, and applets, which are programs that can be embedded in a Web Page and accessed over the internet. Our initial focus will be on writing applications. When a program is complied, a byte code is produced that can be read and executed by any platform that can run Java.

2.

Characteristics

2.1

Platform independent

Java is a platform for application development. A platform is a loosely defined industry buzzword that typically means some combination of hardware and system software that will mostly run all the same software.

Java byte code is exactly the same on every platform. Java programs that have been complied into byte code still need an interpreter to execute them on any given platform. The interpreter reads the byte code and translates in into the native language of the host machine on the fly. Since the byte code is completely platform independent, only the interpreter and a few native libraries need to be ported to get Java to run on a new computer or operating system. All these pieces, the Javac compiler, the Java Interpreter, the Java programming language, and more are collectively referred to as Java.

2.2

Object Oriented

In Object oriented programs data is represented by objects. Objects have two sections, fields (instance variables) and methods. Fields tell you what an object is. Methods tell you what an object does. These fields and methods are closely tied to the objects real world characteristics and behaviour. When a program is run messages are passed back and forth between objects. When an object receives a message it responds accordingly as defined by its methods.

2.3

Robust

Java implements a robust exception handling mechanism to deal with both expected and unexpected errors. The worst than an applet can do to a host system is bringing down the runtime environment. It cannot bring down the entire system. Most importantly Java applets can be executed in an environment that prohibits them from introducing viruses, deleting or modifying files, or otherwise destroying data and crashing the host computer. A Java enabled web browser checks the byte codes of an applet to verify that it does not do anything nasty before it will run the applet.

2.4

Multithreaded

Java is inherently multi-threaded. A single Java program can have many different threads executing independently and continuously. Three Java applets on the same page can run together with each getting equal time from the CPU with very little extra efforts on the part of the programmer.

2.5

High Performance

Java byte codes can be compiled on the fly to code that rivals C++ in speed using a just-in-timecompiler. Several companies are also working on native-machine-architecture compilers for Java. These will produce executable code that does not require a separate interpreter, and that is indistinguishable in speed from C++.

2.6

Dynamic

Java programs carry with them substantial amounts of run-time type information that is used to verify and resolve accesses to objects at run-time. This makes it possible to dynamically link code in a safe and expedient manner. The java programming language is unusual than other programming languages it first compiles and then interprets the program. Compile first translate the program into intermediate language called intermediate language called java byte code. Java byte code is platform independent code, which is further interpreted by the interpreter on the java platform. Interpreter parses and run each java byte code instruction on the computer. Compilation occurs only once interpretation occurs each time when the program is executed. Java byte code helps in making the program write once, run anywhere. The program can be compiled into byte code by any platform that is having the java compiler, the compiled java byte code program is ready to run on any machine having the java virtual machine (JVM). JVM is an interpreter for byte code.

Introduction to SQL Server

SQL Server 2005 (formerly codenamed "Yukon") was released in October 2005 by Microsoft. It included native support for managing XML data, in addition to relational data. For this purpose, it defined an xml data type that could be used either as a data type in database columns or as literals in queries. XML columns can be associated with XSD schemas; XML data being stored is verified against the schema. XML is converted to an internal binary data type before being stored in the database. Specialized indexing methods were made available for XML data. XML data is queried using XQuery; SQL Server 2005 added some extensions to the T-SQL language to allow embedding XQuery queries in T-SQL. In addition, it also defines a new extension to XQuery, called XML DML, that allows query-based modifications to XML data. SQL Server 2005 also allows a database server to be exposed over web services using Tabular Data Stream

(TDS) packets encapsulated within SOAP (protocol) requests. When the data is accessed over web services, results are returned as XML. Common Language Runtime (CLR) integration was introduced with this version, enabling one to write SQL code as Managed Code by the CLR. For relational data, TSQL has been augmented with error handling features (try/catch) and support for recursive queries with CTEs (Common Table Expressions). SQL Server 2005 has also been enhanced with new indexing algorithms, syntax and better error recovery systems. Data pages are check summed for better error resiliency, and optimistic concurrency support has been added for better performance. Permissions and access control have been made more granular and the query processor handles concurrent execution of queries in a more efficient way. Partitions on tables and indexes are supported natively, so scaling out a database onto a cluster is easier. SQL CLR was introduced with SQL Server 2005 to let it integrate with the .NET Framework. SQL Server 2005 introduced "MARS" (Multiple Active Results Sets), a method of allowing usage of database connections for multiple purposes. SQL Server 2005 introduced DMVs (Dynamic Management Views), which are specialized views and functions that return server state information that can be used to monitor the health of a server instance, diagnose problems, and tune performance. Service Pack 1 (SP1) of SQL Server 2005 introduced Database Mirroring,[Note 1][9] a high availability option that provides redundancy and failover capabilities at the database level. Failover can be performed manually or can be configured for automatic failover. Automatic failover requires a witness partner and an operating mode of synchronous (also known as high-safety or full safety).

PROJECT DESCRIPTION

LIMITATION OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM TIME CONSUMING: Being a manual system the existing system requires a lot of paper work as well as man-power which becomes very timeconsuming. TEDIOUS AND MONOTONOUS: If any person do same job over a long period of time, he gets bored and tired.

 SECURITY: Being a manual system possibility of tempering//misplacing of records cannot be ruled out.

MODULES OF PROJECT
The project can be divided in into four main modules. -Registration module -Add New Jobs -Search Eligible Candidates -Check the Status of Students

DIFFERENT MODULES
Registration of job seekers and employers: System supports a facility of registering both parties like job employers and seekers. The form are in the format which the job seeker by default have to submit in the prescribed formats as well as the job posting by the employer also have to submit the posting in the prescribed form.

Add Job Module:In this module new jobs are added to the database. Searching Eligible Candidates For a Particular Job:
In this module operator can find the candidates suitable for a particular job. Jobs can be chosen from the combo box and after matching eligibility criteria, a list of the eligible candidates is shown.

Checking Status of the Students

In this module operator of the software can check the status of the candidates, whether they are placed or not.

MAIN FUNCTION OF THE CAREER COUNSELLING SYSTEM

A job seeker can view and act according to the reply posted by the employer to his/her application. To provide various career tools for the job seekers to help choosing their prospective career. To provide information about top companies to help job seekers to join suitable company. To provide the technical information and papers to various applying candidates. It provides directly interaction of the job seekers with the employee.

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS Hardware selection for any system generally means that what is the amount of main memory required, how much minimum hard disk space should be needed to implement and execute the successfully.

HARDWARE & SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT Hardware selection for any system generally means that what is amount of main memory required, how much minimum hard disk space should be needed to implement and execute it successfully.

Hardware requirement for development

Hardware Configuration

 Processor : Intel Pentium 4 CPU, 2.66 GHz Memory RAM : 768 MB DDR Hard Disk: 2.5 GB

Software requirement for development

Software Configuration OPERATION SYSTEM SERVER FRONT END BACK END Windows XP/2003 IIS J2SE 7.0.1 SQL Server 2005

MERITS OF THE PROJECT

This project has the following advantages, which are the boon for both the candidates and the employers in the capability and validity. It has the feature of providing all the information without getting involved directly. -Records of both the candidates and employers are entered by the operator of the software. They do not need to get involved in it directly. -Records of the candidates or employer can be updated later on, if needed. -List of all the candidates, employers and jobs can also be viewed. -All the records can be updated time to time.

-with the help of this software, manual work and file system is avoided. -Eligible candidates can be easily found for the particular job. -Status of candidates can also be updated , to keep the record of placed students. -In this way career counselling is made easy without direct involvement of candidates and employers.

LIMITATIONS OF THE PROJECT As nothing is perfect in this world. We also not claim that our software is perfect. As all other ,our project also has some limitations. Those limitations are as follows: The user has not provided any option to delete any record, which he has entered once. Due to the requirements of the user of the data of not only of current year but also of last few years, the size of the database becomes too bulky. Due to which the processing speed of any request from the client becomes a little bit slow.