Hai, Im Your instructor today. My name is Prof. X.

Today we will going to discussed about:

MEASURES OF CORRELATION

In a measure of correlation, you will be comparing two or more variables to determine its relationship between the variables. To solve for it, we need to use the Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Spearman rho which will be discussed later. To start with, so here is the problem to be studied

P R O B L E M

You had collected a score from a 15 students from a 40 item tests, the two different tests: Pre Tests,(X) and Post Tests(Y). Since we are interested to study its relationships, we need to compute its appropriate correlation and interpret the relationships of the two variables.

PEARSON PRODUCT MOMENT CORRELATION (PPMC

STEPS IN COMPUTIN G PPMC.

Student

Pre test

Post test

X2
625 529 256 289 225 441 144 729 361

Y2
841 441 529 841 961 900 625 1156 676

XY
725 483 368 493 465 630 300 918 494

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

25 23 16 17 15 21 12 27 19

29 21 23 29 31 30 25 34 26

1. Make a table and list from your collected data.

2.Square your column (X,Y) and multiply both X and Y or Solve for your X2 Y2 ,XY

10.
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

15
20 29 24 23 21 307

28
22 27 29 32 26 412

225
400 841 576 529 441 6611

784
484 729 841 1024 676 11508

420
440 783 696 736 546 8497

3.Get the sum of your column( x, y , X2 Y2 ,XY)

Since we already have the value of our X, Y, XY, X2 Y2 we need to substitute its value from the formula which is: To find the Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Here is the formula:

Substitute the values from the formula

Then multiply first each terms from both numerator and denominator Do subtraction from both numerator and denominator

Get the product first from the radicand of your denominator Get the root of the radicand from your denominator. Note: from the root, it must be four decimal places.

Find the qoutient Therefore its interpretation is low or sliGht correlation.

= 0.2582 or 0.26

SPEARMAN RHO CORRELATION

Students

1 2

25 23 16 17

If in case there will be the same score , just add their respected ranks and divide it by the no. of repeated scores. scores Y Rx Observe Ry the repeated D D2 of Student (2,14,). Probably they will be at the rank 5 or 6. So 5+6=11/2 =5.5, so they ranked 5.5 respectively. 29 3 6 -3 9 21 23 29 5.5 12 11 15 13 6 -9.5 -1 5 90.25 1 25

SPEARMAN RHO

3 4

15
21 12 27 19 15 20 29 24 23 21

31
30 25 34 26 28 22 27 29 32 26

13.5
7.5 13.5 2 10 15 9 1 4 5.5 7.5

3
4 12 1 10.5 8 14 9 6 2 10.5

10.5
3.5 1.5 1 -0.50 7 -5 -8 -2 3.5 -3

110.25
12.25 2.25 1 0.25 49 25 64 4 12.25 9 D2 =414.5

STEP S
1. Make a table and list from your X, Y, Rx , Ry , D, and D2 2. Rank your Column X and Y from highest to lowest or , Rx , Ry 3. Find the difference (D)of your Rx and Ry 4. Square the column of your difference (D) to obtain D2 and get the summation () of your D2 or D2

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Here is the formula for the Spearman Rho

Substitute the values of N and D2 Multiply the values of the numerator and solve the value for the denominator Subtract the values from the denominator Find the qoutient

Therefore it has a low Subtract the or qoutient from 1 slight correlation. =0.2959 0r 0.30

Bar Graph of the Data from the Post Test and Pre-Test from a 40 item test in Mathematics. 35

30
No. of Item Test 25 20 15

Pre- Test (X) Post Test (Y)

10
5 0

11 13 15

No. of Students

Line Graph of Pre test and Post Test in Mathematics 40 35 30 No. of Items 25 20 Pre- Test (X) Post Test (Y)

15
10 5 0 1 3 5 7 9 11 No. of Students 13 15

Values where; 0.00 to 0.20 0.21 to 0.40 0.41 to 0.70

0.30 Spearman Rho

Interpretation Negligible
0.26 PPMC correlation

Low or slight correlation Marked or moderate correlation

0.71 to 0.90 0.91 to 0.99

1.00

High correlation Very High Correlation

Perfect Correlation

Project
IN ELEMENTARY STATISTICS
Submitted by: Miljem O. Iyana BSED 2Math Studen t Submitted to: Mrs, Angelie S. Naquila Instructor