By the early 2020s, we will have the means to program our biology away from disease and aging.

Ray Kurzweil says health and medicine is an information technology and is therefore subject to the law of accelerating returns which implies a doubling of capability each year. CNN Up until recently, health and medicine was basically a hit or miss affair. We would discover interventions such as drugs that had benefits, but also many side effects. Until recently, we did not have the means to actually design interventions on computers. All of that has now changed, and will dramatically change clinical practice by the early 2020s. We now have the information code of the genome and are making exponential gains in modeling and simulating the information processes they give rise to. We also have new tools that allow us to actually reprogram our biology in the same way that we reprogram our computers. !A interference, for example, can turn genes off that promote disease and aging. !ew forms of gene therapy, especially in vitro models that do not trigger the immune system, have the ability to add new genes. "tem cell therapies, including the recently developed method to create #induced pluripotent cells$ %&'(s) by adding four genes to your own skin cells to create the e*uivalent of an embryonic stem cell but without use of an embryo, are being developed to re+uvenate organs and even grow then from scratch. ,here are now hundreds of drugs and processes in the pipeline using these methods to modify the course of obesity, heart disease, cancer, and other diseases and aging processes. As one of many examples, we can now fix a broken heart - not %yet) from romance - but from a heart attack, by re+uvenating the heart with reprogrammed stem cells. .ealth and medicine is now an information technology and is therefore sub+ect to what & call the #law of accelerating returns,$ which is a doubling of capability %for the same cost) about each year that applies to any information technology. As a result, technologies to reprogram the #software$ that underlie human biology are already a thousand times more powerful than they were when the genome pro+ect was completed in 200/, and will again be a thousand times more powerful than they are today in a decade, and a million times more powerful in two decades. (linical applications are now at the cutting edge and will be routine in the early 2020s.