Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
n=1
(1)n , n a k (n)
where ak (n) is the k-power complement number of any positive number n, and , are two complex numbers with Re() 1, Re( ) 1. Several interesting identities are given. Keywords k-power complement number, identities, Riemann zeta-function.
1. Introduction
For any given natural number k 2 and any positive integer n, we call ak (n) as a k power complement number if ak (n) denotes the smallest positive integer such that n ak (n) is a perfect k -power. Especially, we call a2 (n), a3 (n), a4 (n) as the square complement number, cubic complement number, quartic complement number respectively. In reference [1], Professor F.Smarandache asked us to study the properties of the k -power complement number sequence. About this problem, there are many authors had studied it, and obtained many results. For example, in reference [2], Professor Wenpeng Zhang calculated the value of the series 1 , s ( n a k (n)) n=1 where s is a complex number with Re() 1, k =2, 3, 4. Maohua Le [3] discussed the convergence of the series + 1 s1 = m (n) a n=1 2 and s2 = (1)n , a (n) n=2 2
+ +
where m 1 is a positive number, and proved that they are both divergence. But about the properties of the k -power complement number, we still know very little at present. This paper, as a note of [2], we shall give a general calculate formula for
+ n=1
(1)n n a k (n)
Vol. 2
61
That is, we shall prove the following: Theorem 1. For any complex numbers , with Re() 1, Re( ) 1, we have
+ n=1
1 n a k (n)
= (k)
p
1+
1 p(k1)+(k1)2 p+(k1) 1
Theorem 2.
+ n=1
For any complex numbers , with Re() 1, Re( ) 1, we have 2(2k 1)(2+(k+1) 1) 2(k+1)+(k1) 2(k1)2
4
(1)n n a k (n)
(k)
p
1+
1 p(k1)+(k1)2 p+(k1) 1
Note that (2) = 6 , (4) = 90 and (8) = obtain the following two corollaries:
8 9450 .
Corollary 1.
(1)n 2 (2) 3 4 = . (n a2 (n)) (4) 1 + 4 n=1 Corollary 2. Taking = = 1, 2, k = 2 in Corollary 1, we have 1 5 = , n a2 (n) 2 n=1
+ +
1 7 = ; 2 (n a2 (n)) 6 n=1
+
1 3 = , n a2 (n) 2 n=1
2n
35 1 = ; 2 (n a2 (n)) 34 n=1
2n
(1)n 1 = , n a ( n ) 2 2 n=1
62
Pei Zhang
No. 2
1 n a k (n)
+ +
(d)
dk |l
=
m=1 l=1
mk l l(k1) (d)
dk |l
= (k)
l=1
= (k)
p
= (k)
p
1+
= (k)
p
1+
1 p(k1)+(k1)2 p+(k1) 1
where (n) denotes the M obius function. This completes the proof of Theorem 1. Now we come to prove Theorem 2. First we shall prove the following identity
+ n=1 2n
1 n a k (n)
+ +
(d)
dk |l
=
m=1 l=1 2 mk l +
mk l l(k1) (d)
dk |l
1 = k m m=1
2m
+ l=1 2l
l+(k1) 1
1 p(k1)+(k1)2 p+(k1) 1
1+
p
1+
p
1 p(k1)+(k1)2 p+(k1) 1
=
n=1
2
n=1 2n
1 n a k (n) (k)
p
1+
1 p(k1)+(k1)2 p+(k1) 1
Vol. 2
63
References
[1] F.Smarandache, Only problems, Not solutions, Xiquan Publishing House, Chicago, 1993. [2] Zhang Wengpeng, Research on Smarandache Problems in Number Theory, Hexis, 2004, 60-64. [3] Maohua Le, Some Problems Concerning the Smarandache Square Complementary Function, Smarandache Notions Journal, 14(2004), 220-222.