92

API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 14F

9 Lighting
9.1 General
9.1.1 Lighting is provided for offshore installations for two distinct, but different, purposes. One of the purposes of lighting is to provide safety to operating personnel, requiring relatively low levels of lighting. The other purpose is to ensure effective and efficient job performance, normally requiring higher lighting levels than those levels required for safety alone. This section discusses lighting levels for both purposes, as well as equipment selection and installation practices. Glare, color, contrast and other factors that may be considered in the design of lighting systems are beyond the scope of this RP.

9.2 Lighting Levels

9.2.1 General Lighting systems should be designed to give slightly more than desired light initially to allow for lamp deterioration and dirt accumulation on the fixture lens. The lighting system should be designed to provide the desired quantity of light at the particular location and in the proper visual plane (horizontal, vertical, or oblique angle). 9.2.2 Levels for Efficiency of Visual Operations The illumination values in Table 15 are typical examples of recommended minimum maintained lighting levels for the designated areas for efficiency of visual operations (adapted from the IES Lighting Handbook). 9.2.3 Minimum Recommended Levels of Illumination for Safety As recommended by IES, the levels of illumination for safety are divided into two primary areas, dependent upon the hazard requiring visual detectionslight or high. Also, these two areas are divided according to the normal activity levellow or high. In general, these recommended levels are given by the following:
Hazard Requiring Visual Detection Normal Activity Level Foot-candles Low 0.5 Slight High 1.0 Low 2.0 High High 5.0
--``,``,```,``,,,,,,,`,,`,``,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

NOTE Under loss of power conditions, where lighting is provided by battery powered fixtures, NFPA 101 requires a minimum of 0.1 foot-candles for means of egress.

Table 16 gives typical examples of recommended minimum levels of illumination for safety. Table 15Minimum Recommended Levels of Illumination for Efficient Visual Tasks
Area Offices, General Offices, Desk Area Recreation Rooms Bedrooms, General Bedrooms, Individual Bunk Lights Hallways, Stairways, Interior Walkways, Stairways, Exterior Minimum Lighting Level (Foot-candles) 50 70 30 20 70 10 2

Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Licensee=UK LOCATION/5940240005 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 05:01:52 MDT

DESIGN, INSTALLATION, AND MAINTENANCE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS FOR FIXED AND FLOATING OFFSHORE PETROLEUM FACILITIES

93

Table 15Minimum Recommended Levels of Illumination for Efficient Visual Tasks (Continued)
Baths, General Baths, Mirror Mess Halls Galleys, General Galleys, Sink, and Counter Areas Electrical Control Rooms Storerooms, Utility Closets Walk-in Freezers, Refrigerators TV Rooms (lights equipped with dimmers) Work Shops, General Work Shops, Difficult Seeing Task Areas Compressor, Pump and Generator Buildings, General Entrance Door Stoops Open Deck Areas Panel Fronts Wellhead Areas 10 50 30 50 100 30 5 5 Off to 30 70 100 30 5 5 10 5

Table 16Minimum Recommended Levels of Illumination for Safety

Area Stairways Offices Exterior Entrance Compressor and Generator Rooms Electrical Control Rooms Open Deck Areas Lower Catwalks Minimum Lighting Level (Foot-candles) 2.0 1.0 1.0 5.0 5.0 0.5 2.0

9.3 Fixture Selection and Installation

9.3.1 General Fixture selection for offshore use involves a) choosing which type lamp (fluorescent, high pressure sodium, incandescent, mercury vapor, etc.) should be used, b) determining the degree of ingress protection required (based on the environment in which the fixture will be installed), c) matching the fixture with the area classification of the location where the fixture will be installed, and d) selecting the most appropriate NEMA beam spread. 9.3.2 Lamp Selection Various types of lamps are utilized for offshore lighting. Application considerations of several types are discussed below.

--``,``,```,``,,,,,,,`,,`,``,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Copyright American Petroleum Institute Provided by IHS under license with API No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

Licensee=UK LOCATION/5940240005 Not for Resale, 08/28/2008 05:01:52 MDT