The Omnivores Dilemma Chapter #4- The Feedlot (Making Meat) 1: Pg.

65- The corn plant has colonized how much of the American continent? Some 1 5!""" s#uare miles of the American $ontinent : Pg. 66-6%- &ow ha'e America(s food animals undergone a re'olution in lifest)le? Animals ha'e found themsel'es tra'eling in the opposite direction! lea'ing widel) dispersed farms in places li*e +owa to li'e in densel) populated new animal cities. ,: Pg. 6%- -hat is a $A./? $oncentrated Animal .eeding /peration it0s an animal feeding operation. 1: Pg. 6%- -hat happened to the all of the farmland once the animals left? -here did all of the corn go? 2ore of the farm was left for corn! the corn rapidl) colonized the paddoc*s and pastures and e'en the 3arn)ards that had once 3een the animal0s territor). 5: Pg. 64- -hat is the idea of a closed ecological loop? -hen animals li'e on farms the 'er) idea of waste ceases to e5ist 3ecause )ou feed them the waste products of )our crops and )ou feed their waste products to )our crops. 6: Pg. 64- -hat are the two main pro3lems with animal feedlots? A fertilit) pro3lem on the farm which are fi5ed with chemical fertilizers and a pollution pro3lem with feedlot. %. Pg %"- -hat is the coe'olutionar) relationship 3etween cows and grass? 65plain. $ow maintains and e5pands the grasses ha3itat 3) pre'enting trees and shru3s from gaining a foothold and hogging the sunlight! the animals also spread the seeds with the hoo'es! in return the grass pro'ides nutrients for the cow. 4. Pg. %1- -h) would pastures 3ecome 7the great American desert8 without ruminant animals? +f there weren0t an) ruminant animals 3ecause cattle ta*e in low #ualit) forage and con'ert it into a prett) desira3le product. 9. Pg. %1- -hat gets a steer from 4" to 1!""" pounds in :ust 11 months? .ast food of corn! protein and fat supplements! and an arsenal of new drugs.

1".Pg. %1- -h) is weaning the cal'es the most traumatic time on the ranch? $ows separate from their cal'es mope and 3ellow for da)s! and the cal'es! stress 3) the change in circumstance and diet! the) are prone to getting sic*. 11.Pg. %,- -hat is the onl) reason contemporar) animal cities aren(t as plague-ridden or pestilential as their medie'al human counterparts? The modern anti3iotic. 1 . Pg. %,- 7So if the modern $A./ is a cit) 3uilt upon commodit) corn! it is a cit) afloat on an in'isi3le sea of ;;;;petroleum;;;;;;;;8 1,.Pg. %5- -h) is corn fed meat less health) for us? <ecause it contains more saturated fat and less omega , fatt) acids than the meat of animals fed grass. 11.Pg. %5- -hat practice of feeding cows led to the 72ad $ow =isease8? .eeding rendered cow parts 3ac* to the cows. 15.Pg. %%- &ow are we choosing which cows we want to select to 3reed? The a3ilit) to eat large #uantities of corn and efficientl) con'ert it to protein without getting too sic*. 16.Pg. %%- -hat is the >1 ailment found with cows fed on corn? -h)- e5plain. <loat 3ecause the diet contains too much starch and too little roughage! rumination all 3ut stops and a la)er of foam) slime forms in the rumen that can trap the gas. 1%.Pg. %4- -hat is acidosis and what does it cause in the cow? The animals go off their feed! pant and sali'ate e5cessi'el)! paw and scratch their 3ellies and eat dirt. +t can lead to diarrhea! ulcers! 3loat! rumenitis! li'er disease! and a general wea*ening of the immune s)stem that lea'es the animal 'ulnera3le to the full panopl) of feedlot disease. 14.Pg. %4- -hat percentage of cows at slaughterhouses are found to ha'e a3scessed li'ers? <etween 15 to ,"? 19.Pg. %4- -hat is the leading causes of the e'olution of anti3iotic resistant super3ugs? 2ost of the anti3iotics sold in America toda) end up in animal feed it is leading diretl) to the e'olution of new anti3iotic resistant super3ugs.

".Pg. %9- -hat chemicals are found in the 7manure lagoon8 on $A./(s? &ea') metals! hormone residues! persistent chemicals as well as high le'els of nitrogen and phosphorous. 1.Pg. 4"- &ow man) pounds of corn does it ta*e to ma*e 1 pounds of 3eef? -hat is the ratio for chic*en? , pounds to four pounds of gain. $hic*en @ pounds of corn to one of meat.

.Pg. 4 - &ow has the new strain of 6. $oli A/15%: &%B e'ol'ed and what is the pro3lem with it? &ow can this pro3lem 3e fi5ed? 6. $oli use to li'e in neutral p& en'ironment of the rumen! 3ut the runmen of a corn fed feedlot steer is nearl) as acidic as our own strains of 6. coli so the) are now li'ing in our stomachs and can *ill us. The solution industries ha'e found is to wash the meat with ammonia. <ut the good solution is to switch the cow from corn to grass a few da)s 3efore slaughtering 3ecause it will *ill some of the 6. $oli. ,.Pg. 4 - &ow are the costs associated with the $A./(s e5ternalized? 65plain. +t is 3ased on en'ironmental costs! li*e things not added in the cost of 3u)ing corn! fertilizer and pestices! water. +f these were included the price of corn would go up. 1.Pg. 4,- =iscuss the path of corn 3ac*ward from the corn fields and discuss the implications. $orn starts in a field as a monoculture with pesticides and fertilizers in it. -hen it rains of when too much is spra)ed the nitrogen runsoff into ri'ers and la*es. The implication is that it ta*es a lot to grow corn and it comes with man) pro3lems. 5.Pg. 4,- &ow much of America(s petroleum usage goes to producing and transporting our food? 1C5 6.Pg. 41- +f a cow reaches his full weight- how much 7oil8 will he ha'e consumed in lifetime? ,5 gallons of oil. %.Pg. 41- 7Dou are what )ou eat8 is a truism hard to argue with! and )et it is! as a 'isit to a feedlot suggests! incomplete! for )ou are what what )ou eat eats! too. And what we are! or ha'e 3ecome! is not :ust meat 3ut num3er corn and oil- =iscuss. +t0s 3ioaccumulation. As )ou eat the cow )ou are also inta*ing all the hormones! all the corn! unhealth) fats! oil! it has consumed in it0s life. Eust 3ecause )ou see a ham3urger on )our plate doesn0t mean it ends there! that ham3urger went through one craz) process to get there.