VE Mr.________ IBChemistry 04February2014 EffectofTemperatureonRateofReactionbetweenHydrochloricAcidandSolidMagnesium Aim:Toinvestigatehowchangingthetemperatureofthehydrochloricacidinareactionbetweenhydrochloric acidandmagnesiumwillaffecttherateofreaction. ResearchQuestion:Howdoesthetemperatureofhydrochloricacidaffecttherateofreactionbetween hydrochloricacidandmagnesium? Hypothesis:Asthetemperatureofhydrochloricacidincreases,theparticlesofthehydrochloricacidwill absorbmoreenergy,makingthemmovemorequicklyandhavinggreaterenergy.Thiswillresultinmore particlescollidingwiththemagnesiumparticleswithsufficientkineticenergygreaterthantheactivation energy.Also,therewillbemorefrequenteffectivecollisionsbecauseoftheparticlesmovingatagreater speed.Therefore,wepredictthattherateofreactionwillbeincreasedasaresultofthekineticenergyof theseparticlesbeingincreasedandtherebeingmorefrequenteffectivecollisionsandtherewillbeaquicker rateofreaction.

. Variables Dependent:Thevolumeofhydrogengaswillbethedependentvariableinthisreaction.Thevolumeof hydrogengaswillbemeasuredatspecifictimeintervalsasthereactiontakesplacewithdifferent temperaturesofhydrochloricacid,thisisamediumofmeasuringtherateofreaction.Therateofreaction willincreaseasthetemperatureincreases. Independent:TheindependentvariableisthetemperatureoftheHClreactedindegreesCelsius.Thevarying temperaturesoftheHydrochloricacidwillbe30C,40C,50C60oCand70C.Fivedifferentgraphswill beconstructedtodemonstratethevolumeofhydrogengasatdifferenttimeintervals.Thesegraphswillbe usedtodeterminetheeffecttemperaturehasontherateofreaction. Controlled:Thecontrolvariablesneedtobeconstantinordertogetvalidandaccurateresults.These includethefollowing: ThevolumeofHClusedwillbe100mLforeachreaction. ThemassofMgreactedwillbeaconstant10.00gramsforeachtrial. Intervalsoftimewherethevolumeofhydrogengasismeasuredwillbe10.0secondsforeachexperiment. ConcentrationofHClusedineachreactionwillbe0.1moldm3

Themagnesiumusedinthereactionwillalwaysbeinastripwiththesamedimensions(0.5cmx1.0cm) Materials: 6labelled100mLbeakers(1usedtoholdhydrochloricacidforeachtrial)( 5mL ) 1HeatingPlate 500mLof0.1moldm3HCl(l) 1stopwatch ( 0.5sec. ) 510.0gstripsofMgwith0.5cmx1.0cmdimensions 1gassyringe( 0.5mL ) 1corkwithaholethatthesyringecanfitsnuglyinto 1Celsiusthermometer( min 10 C tomax110 C , 0.01 C ) 1metalfile MethodsforControllingRelevantVariables ThemassoftheMgandthevolumeoftheHClineachbeakershouldberecordedsothatthemassis 50.0gandthevolumeis100.0mLforeachexperiment.Anincreaseordecreaseinmassorvolumewill altertherateatwhichhydrogengasisproduced.SincetheamountofHClandMgareconstant throughoutallexperiments,thesevariablesarelesslikelytobesourcesoferror. All5solutionsofHClshouldbe0.1moldm3.Thisisanimportantconstantbecauseahigher concentrationofhydrochloricacidwillresultinafasterrateofreactionindependentofachangein temperature,thisisanothersourceoferrorthatcaneasilybeavoided. Theintervalsoftimeinbetweenmeasurementsofhydrogengasshouldbekeptconstantat10.0 seconds.Inorderforanaccuratecomparisonoftrials,asevidencedingraphswherethetimeintervals arethesame.Theaccuratecomparisonofgraphsisimperativetoeventuallyanswertheresearch question. Themagnesiumshouldalwaysremaininasolidphasethedimensionsofthestripusedinthereaction shouldbekeptconstantat0.5cmx1.0cm.Surfaceareaisavariablethatcanaffecttherateof reaction,bycreatingastripofmagnesiumwithagreatersurfaceareaorusingapowderalsowitha greatersurfacearea(ordecreasingthesurfacearea)therateofreactionwillincreaseordecrease independentofatemperaturevariationwhichwillcreatelargerroomforerror.

Procedure

Measureout100mLof0.1moldm3HClintotoa100mLbeakers. Placethermometerinthebeakerwiththehydrochloricacid. Heatbeakerwithhydrochloricacidto30oC. Filerustoffofthemagnesiumstrip. Placethemagnesiumstripintoanemptybeaker. Placesyringeintothecork,makingsureitissnug. Pour100mLoftheHClintothebeaker. Immediatelyplacethecorkwithsyringeintotheopeningofthebeakerandstartstopwatch Recordthevolumeofgascollectedinthesyringein10secondintervalsuntilthereactionseems tohavereachedcompletion(bubblesarenolongerbeingproduced) 10. Constructagraph,plottingvolumeofgasinmLagainstthetimeinseconds. 11. Repeatsteps110withthetemperatureoftheHClraisedto40oC,50oC,60oC,and70oCfor eachnewtrial 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.