Lecture25.

doc 1
Belt Friction

Let's look at a flat belt passing over a drum
Let's take a look at a differential element
Motion is assumed to be impending.
dN dF
s
=

The normal force is a differential force because it acts on a differential element of area.


0
2
cos ) (
2
cos
0
=
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|

= E
u

u d
dT T dN
d
T
F
s
x


0
2
sin ) (
2
sin
0
= +
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|

= E
dN
d
dT T
d
T
F
y
u u


For small angles
cos(du) = 1
sin(du) = du

0 = + + E dT T dN T F
s x

dN dT
s
=

T
1
P P'
|
u
du
P
1
P
2
O
dN
du

s
dN
T+dT T
du/2 du/2
x
y
r

Lecture25.doc 2
0
2
) (
2
= +
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
E dN
d
dT T
d
T F
y
u u

0
2 2 2
= +
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
dN
d
dT
d
T
d
T
u u u

0
2
= |
.
|

\
| u d
dT (2 small numbers squared = 0)
Thus: u d T dN =

Substituting:

u
u
d
T
dT
d T dT
s
s
=
=


Integrating:
u
|
d
T
dT
O
s
T
T
} }
=
2
1

B T T
S
=
1 2
ln ln

Thus:
B
T
T
s
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
1
2
ln

OR


B
s
e
T
T

=
1
2


These formulas apply to:
1). Flat belts passing over fixed drums.
2). Ropes wrapped around a post or capstan.
3). band brakes- the drum is about to rotate while the band remains fixed.
4). Problems involving belt drives. Both the pulley and belt rotate; determine whether the
belt will slip/move to the pulley.

- Should only be used if the belt, rope, or brake is about to slip.
- In the equations
2
T will always be larger than
1
T . So
2
T represents the tension which pulls and
1
T is the resisting tension.
- | must be in radius. B may be larger than t 2 . If a rope is wrapped around a post n times,
n t | 2 = .
- If the belt, rope is actually slipping,
k
should be used.
-If no slipping occurs and is not about to slip, none of these formulas should be used.

Lecture25.doc 3
V-belts

Proceeding as before:
(

=
) 2 / ( sin
1
2
o
|
s
e
T
T







o

Lecture25.doc 4
Examples

1). Given: A hawser thrown from a ship to a pier is wrapped 2 full turns around a capstan. The
tension in the hawser is 7500 N; by exerting a force of 150 N on its free end, a dock worker can
just keep the hawser from slipping.

Find: a). Determine the coefficient of friction between the hawser and capstan.
b). Determine the tension in the hawser that could be resisted by 150 N force if the
hawser were wrapped 3 full turns around the capstan.


a) Slipping is impending

311 . 0
turn
rad 2
turns 2
150
7500
ln
ln
1
2
=
(

|
.
|

\
|
=
=
S
S
S
B
T
T

b)

kN 7 . 52
150
ln
2
) 2 )( 3 )( 311 (. 2
1
2
=
=
=
T
e
T
B
T
T
S
t

150 N
7500 N

Lecture25.doc 5
2). Given: A flat belt is used to transmit the 30 ft lb torque developed by an electric motor. The
drum in contact with the belt has a diameter of 8 in and . 30 . 0 =
S


Find: Determine the minimum allowable value of the tension in each part of the belt if the belt is
not to slip.


lbs 6 . 158
lbs 6 . 68
90 311 . 2
90
90
in 12
ft 1
2
in 8
) ( 30
) (
=
=
+ =
+ =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
A
B A
B A
B A
T
T
T T
T T
T T
T T
r T T M
B
B B
B A

60
o
40
o
A
B
60
o
T
A
40
o
T
B
20
o
30
o
70
o
|
A
T T =
2
B
T T =
1

160 = |
( )
B A
B
A
=
=
=
T T
e
T
T
e
T
T
s
311 . 2
9 / 8 3 . 0
1
2
t
|

Lecture25.doc 6
3). Given: Example problem #2, using a V-belt with

36 = o

Find: Determine minimum allowable tension


B A
B
A
=
=
=
T T
e
T
T
e
T
T
s
045 . 15
18 sin / ) 9 / 8 ( 3 . 0
) 2 / sin( /
1
2

t
o |

90
90
12
4
) ( 30
) (
+ =
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
B A
B A
B A
T T
T T
T T
r T T M
B A