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Organic chemistry 101

517

The organic chemistry is a branch and a specific discipline of chemistry. T

he organic chemistry specifically treats the properties, the structure, and
the composition of the organic compounds. The organic compounds, by defini
tion, are compounds which contain carbon atoms and hydrogen. It is generall
y recognized that the science of the organic chemistry started in 1828. At
this point in time Friedrich Woehler accidentally evaporated an aqueous sol
ution and provided the organic compound called the urea.

Although…

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chemistry, science, education, learning, school, university, university

The organic chemistry is a branch and a specific discipline of chemistry. T

he organic chemistry specifically treats the properties, the structure, and
the composition of the organic compounds. The organic compounds, by defini
tion, are compounds which contain carbon atoms and hydrogen. It is generall
y recognized that the science of the organic chemistry started in 1828. At
this point in time Friedrich Woehler accidentally evaporated an aqueous sol
ution and provided the organic compound called the urea.

Although carbon is not the element most common to the world, it is one o
f most flexible. Organic compounds are composed of hydrogen and carbon m
olecules, but can also contain other elements. Some of the most common e
lements found in the organic compounds include oxygen, the halogens, nit
rogen, and sometimes sulfur or phosphorus.

The majority of the organic compounds in covalence are stuck, which enable
s them to form long, complex carbon chains and rings. The carbon atoms are
very stable, and can form the stable covalent bonds between them (known l
ike concatenation). With the difference of the materials not-organics, the
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organic compounds usually will melt or break up if exposed at the tempera
tures below 300 degrees of Centigrade. Another characteristic of the organ
ic compounds is that they tend to being more soluble in the organic solven
ts. Solubility, however, always depends on the total structure of made up
and the current functional groups. A functional group refers to the parts
of a molecule which compose its specific chemical nature.

Perhaps the most important types and the majority as of most studied orga
nic compounds are those which contain nitrogen. These compounds contain u
sually parts of the group of animated. When the group of animated combine
s with the carboxylic group, the amino-acids were born. Amino-acids are r
egarded as the blocks constitutive of proteins.

The scientists and the researchers employ several types of methods in orde
r to determine the molecular structure of an organic compound. Here the mo
st common methods currently in service:

Crystallography: Crystallography is science to determine arrangements of th

e atoms in solids. By studying the diagrams diffraction released by a sampl
e, the scientists can determine his structure. It is the most precise metho
d to study compounds. However, the majority of the crystals are not enough
large to produce a clear image of some compounds.

Mass spectrometry: This method implies to examine the model of molecular

weight and fragmentation of a compound to determine its chemical structur
e.

Ultimate analysis: The ultimate analysis implies to analyze the sample of

the compound to determine its elementary and isotopic composition. By stud
ying organic destructive methods of most of the time made up, such as the
atomic absorption of atomic absorption of flame or graphite furnace, are e
mployed to determine the elementary composition of a molecule.

Infra-red spectroscopy: The spectroscopy is employed to determine the prese

nce or the absence of the functional groups to learn chemical nature from a
molecule.

Spectroscopy of UV/VIS: Ultra-purple-Obvious spectrophotometry to determ

ine the nature of a compound. Spectrophotometry uses a spectrophotometer
to measure how much light is absorbed by the sample.

Of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): Spectroscopy NMR is one of the most

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common methods to obtain physical, chemical, structural nature and electr
onics of a molecule. Work NMR beside studying the magnetism of a core whi
le placing it in the alignment of a magnetic field, and then using an ele
ctromagnetic field to disturb this alignment.