The Prophet's Family Line

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Some Notes on the Jews and Christians in the Hijaz
TheProphetsFamilyLineNo1AdamtotheBanuKhuzaah
(BasedonmaterialgatheredfromIslamicandBiblicalsources) by Sr.RuqaiyyahWarisMaqsood. The family line of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) is one of the most cherished in history.ItisextremelywellknownfromMuhammadtoAdnan,buttherearevariants fromAdnantoIsmail.FromIsmailbacktoAdam,thelinecorrespondsexactlytothe namesofthedescendantsofAdamasgivenintheOldTestamentoftheBible. ThegenerallyacceptedlineofMuhammadgoeslikethis: Muhammad b. Abdullah b. Shaybah (Abdul Muttalib b. Amr (Hashim) b. Mughirah (AbdulManaf)b.Zayd(Qusayy)b.Kilabb.Murrahb.Kabb.Luayyb.Ghalibb. Fihrb.Malikb.Nadrb.Kinanahb.Khuzaymahb.Amir(Mudrika)b.Ilyasb.Mudarb. Nizarb.Maaddb.Adnanb.Udd(Udad)b.Muqawwamb.Nahurb.Tayrahb.Yarub b.Yashjubb.Nabutb.Ismailb. Ibrahimb.Tarih(Azar)b.Nahurb.Sarughb.Rau b.Falikhb.Aybarb.Shalikhb.Arfakhshadhb.Samb.Nuhb.Lamkb.Mattushalakh b.Akhnukhb.Yardb.Mahlailb.Qaynanb.Yanishb.Shithb.Adam. ArabsandJewsbothdescendedfromthesamePatriarch ItiscommonplaceforpeopletothinkoftheJewsandtheArabsascompletelydifferent peoples, and a study of the Old Testament reveals an ongoing conflict between the BanuIsrailandtheirenemiesonbothsidesoftheriverJordan(whichsadlycontinues into this 21st century!). In fact, both the Jews and the Arabs of the Hijaz claim their descentfromtheProphetPatriarchAbrahim/Ibrahim. Ibrahimlivedatthetimewhentherealmofmythwashardeningintohistory,although there are some modern (Christian agnostic) scholars who see his story as tribal mythology rather than history. The Bible dates Abrahams birth as 2018 BCE, 352 years after the Deluge in the time of Noah. Many modern scholars would date him around1850BCE. ThereismuchdebateoverwhetherAdamwasliterallythefirstcreatedman,orwhether the narratives about him in both Bible and Quran really represent the creation of humankind rather than an individual. Allah knows best. Islamic tradition firmly maintains that whatever his status as first human being, Adam was certainly the first prophetormessengerofGod. For all those who do accept the real existence of Ibrahim, and who also believe that Adam was not just a mythological figure but a real person, both Biblical and Arabic traditionmaintainsthatIbrahimwasthe19th ofAdamsline.
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TheProphetsLineBeforeIbrahim
AstheArabnamesofIbrahimsgenealogyareperhapsnotfamiliar,Igivethemhere alongside the Biblical names for comparison. Muslims may not have realized that the genealogytiesinexactlywiththeBiblicalversion. ArabicBiblical AdamAdam ShithSeth Yanish(Anush)Enosh Qaynan(Qayin)Kenan MahlailMahalalel YardJared Akhnukh(Idris)Enoch(inArabtradition,thefirsttowritewithapen) MattushalakhMethuselah LamkLamech NuhNoah SamShem ArfakhshadhArpachshad ShalikhShelah Aybar(Abir)Eber FalikhPeleg Rau(Arghu)Reu Sarugh(Asragh)Serug NahurNahor Tarih(Azar)Terah IbrahimAbraham Another rendering of the ancestral names was: Ibraham ibn Tarikh, ibn Nahur, ibn Sarough,ibnRaghu,ibnPhaligh,ibnAher,ibnShalih,ibnArfghshand,ibnSam,ibn Nuh. TheProphetsLineAfterIbrahim Christians and Jews are probably familiar with the descendants of Ibrahams son Isaac/Yizhaq,thesonofhisfavouritewifeSarah,whoseownsonJacob/Yaqubbecame known as Israil (Israel), the patriarch of the Israelites. The line of Isaacs firstborn, Jacobs older unidenticaltwin brother Esau is not usually studied. Muslims are more likelytohavestudiedthedescendantsofIbrahimsfirstbornsonIsmail/Ishmael,byhis wife Hagar/Hajirah, and the descendants of Isaacs firstborn son Esau who became knownastheEdomites(oneofEsauswiveswasadaughterofIsmail).
IbrahimspreviousheirEliezerof Damascus
BothBiblicalandMuslimsourcesagreethatIbrahimsbelovedwifeSarahwasbarren, andforalongtimehehadnochildrenatall.HisheirwasEliezerofDamascus,whohe
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referred to as a son of my household. (Genesis 15.2). The discovery of the Nuzi tabletsinthelandofIbrahimsoriginthrewlightonthecustomofthetimechildless coupleswouldadoptason,whowouldthencareforthemintheiroldageandarrange for their proper burial, thereupon inheriting the property. It was stipulated that in the eventofasonbeingborntothecoupleafterthisadoption,therealsonwouldbecome the genuine heir. Eliezer was most probably the man spoken of as Abrahams oldest servantandmanagerofhishousehold,whowassentbyAbrahambacktohisbrother NahorshouseholdinMesopotamiatobringbackawifeforIsaac(Genesis42,2,4,12 14,56).
IbrahimssonsIsaacandIshmael
WhenwecometoIsaacandIshmael,theBiblenarrativesdifferinsomecrucialdetails fromthatoftheQuran.TheBiblerevealsthatSarahwasbarren,andwasallowedto substituteherEgyptianmaidservantHagarinplaceofherself,forAbrahamtofathera childby.HersonwasIshmael.Later,whenSarahhadherownson,Isaac,therewas troublebetweentheboysandshebecamejealousforIsaac,andpersuadedAbrahamto abandonHagarandIshmaelinthedesert,wheretheywouldhaveperishedhadtheynot beensavedbyanangelopeningaspringforthem.Later,AbrahamwastestedbyGod to see if he was willing to sacrifice Isaac, who knew nothing of his fathers intention until the last moment, but was saved by the intervention of an angel and a ram substitutedinhisplaceatGodscommand. The Quran and Islamic tradition agrees that Ibrahims wife Sarah was barren, but suggests that Hagar/Hajirah was not just a servant but possibly of noble birth. The narrativeofthesacrificestatesthatIbrahimwasnotcommandedbyGodtokillhisson assuch,buthada dreamthatGodwishedhimtodoso.WhenIbrahimtoldHagarand Ismail,Ismailofferedhimselfwillingly,anddespitethreesubtleattemptsbythedevil intheguiseofanoldmantotemptthemfromtheirpurpose(andbeingdrivenawayby hurling stones at him the origin of the stonethrowing ceremony at Mina during the Hajj), Ismail was nearly sacrificed but was spared at the last moment and a ram substituted. Itwasasa rewardfortheirdevoutobediencethatGodgrantedIbrahimsbarrenwife Sarahachild,andthusshebecamepregnantwithIsaac.HagarandIsmaildidseparate fromIbrahim,butwerenotsomuchabandonedasleftinaprestigiousplace,theKabah shrineoftheOneTrueGodatMakkah,whichwasindeedawaterlessplace,butwas regularly frequented by passing caravans. However, none came by, and they did experiencealuckyescapefromdyingofthirstwhentheangelopenedupforthemthe springofZamzam,whichstillflowsintheKabahsanctuarytothisday.Later,Ibrahim and Ismail helped to repair the Kabah, which had suffered damage from flood and earthquake. The Biblical story makes no mention of the existence of the Kabah sanctuary.
IbrahimsconcubinewifeKeturahand theirDescendants
AccordingtoGenesis25.1,afterSarahsdeathIbrahimtookanotherwife,Keturah.He
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fatheredsixsonsbyherZimran,Jokshan,Medam,Midian,IshbakandShuah.These were all sent (with gifts) to the east while Ibrahim still lived. Genesis also listed Midians sons Ephah, Epher, Hanoch, Abida and Eldaah Jokshans sons Sheba and DedanandDedanssonsAsshurim,LetushimandLeummim.
ThesonsofIsmailswifeRala
Ashissecondandchiefwifeandthematriarchofhisline,IbrahimssonIsmailmarried hisdistantcousin RalabintMudad.ShewasnotnamedintheBible.HerlineisRala bintMudadb.Amrb.Jurhumb.Qahtan/Joktanb.Aybarb.Shalikhb.Arfakhshadb. Samb.Nuh(IsmailbeingdescendedfromAybarssonFalikh/Peleg). AccordingtoboththeBibleandArabtradition,Ismailfatheredtwelvesonsandatleast one daughter, Mahalath or Basemath, who married Isaacs firstborn son Esau, and whosedescendantswereknownastheEdomites(Genesis28.9).[1] ArabtraditionmaintainsthatalltwelveofIsmailssonswerebyRalabtMudad,and thatbothIsmailsandhissonNabtssonswereraisedbyRalasfather,Mudadb.Amr b.Jurhum/Jerahb.Qahtanb.Aybar. Ismails twelve sons were all named in both the Bible and Arab tradition Nabaioth (Nabit), Kedar (Qaydhar), Adbeel (Adhbul), Mibsam (Mabsha), Mishma (Misma), Dumah(Dimna),Massa(Mashi),Hadad(Adhr),Tema(Tayma),Jetur(Yatur),Naphish (Nahish)andKademah(Qaydhuma).ItisinterestingthatNabaiothisafemalename. TheBiblegoesontonamethesonsandfurtherdescendantsofEsauinGenesis36.9 19.
NorthernandSouthernArabs
Astheyspreadandmultiplied,theArabtribesbecameclassifiedasnorthernArabs(or theAboriginalArabs al'Arabal'Aribah)andsouthernArabs(orNaturalizedArabs al'ArabalMusta'ribah), but they all traced their descent through the same ultimate antique ancestry, the northern Arabs through Adnan and the southern through Qahtan(Yaqtan). AdnanisstraightforwardhewasadescendantofIsmailb.IbrahimthroughIsmails sonNabit(Nebaioth).HislineisAdnanb.Uddb.Muqawwamb.Nahurb.Tayrahb. Yarubb.Yashjubb.Nabutb.Ismailb.Ibrahim. ButthereisaproblemovertheidentityofQahtan,andopinionsaresplit.
TheProblemofQahtan
The problem is that the Qahtan of the Northern Arab tradition predates the Yemeni Qahtan by six generations. The majority of scholars identify Qahtan with the great greatgrandsonofNuh(Noah),themanwhohashisequivalentnamedintheBiblelist
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Qahtan/Yaqtan(Joktan)thesonofAybar/Abir(Eber).IntheBiblicalgenealogy,Eber hadtwosonsPelegand Joktan.ThesecorrespondtoAybarandhistwosonsFalikh andYaqtan(Qahtan). Qahtan/Joktan/Yaqtan b. Aybar had thirteen sons. They are named in the Bible as Almodad, Sheleph, Hazarmaveth, Jerah, Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, Obal, Abimael, Sheba, Ophir, Havilah and Jobab, and were said to have occupied all the land from Mesha to the hill country of the east. The son Jerah is identified in the Arab tradition withJurhum. OneindicationthatthisshouldbethecorrectidentificationofQahtancomesfromthe factthatthisQahtansgreatgranddaughterRalabintMudadwasthesecondandchief wife of Ismail, and the matriarch of his line. Her line is Rala bint Mudad b. Amr b. Jurhum/Jerahb.Qahtan/Joktanb.Aybarb.Shalikhb.Arfakhshadb.Samb.Nuh. The celebrities of the Jurhumite lines all claim that Jurhum was the son of Qahtan b. Aybar. However, the tradition of the Southern Arabs (Yemeni) claims that their patriarch QahtanwasnotthesonofAybarbutasonofIsmail. ExamplesofYemenitelinesofdescentfromQahtanb.Ismail TwoexamplesshowingdescentfromaQahtanwhowasclaimedtobeasonofIsmail occurinthelinesoftwoeminentcelebritiesthematriarch QaylahofQudaaandher husband Harithah b. Thalabah. Their origins were with the Himyarite nobility of Yemen. QaylahslinewasQaylahbintKahilb.Udhrab.Sadb.Zaydb.Laythb.Sudb.Aslam b.Hafb.Qudaahb.Malikb.Himyarb.Sabab.Yashjubb.Yarubb.Qahtanb.Ismail b.Ibrahim(IbnIshaqp.713n.140). HerhusbandHarithahslinewasHarithahb.Thalabahb.Amrb.Amirb.Harithahb. ImrulQaysb.Thalabahb.Mazinb.Asdb.Ghauthb.Nabtb.Malikb.Zaydb.Kahlan b.Sabab.Yashjubb.Yarubb.Qahtanb.Ismailb.Ibrahim(IbnIshaqp.692n.14).
PossibleExplanation?
ThereisnoBiblicalequivalentforanysonofIsmailcalledQahtan/Joktan,butthereare afewsuggestedexplanations: MaybetheQahtanoftheYemenitradition wasasonofIsmail(pbuh)butnotoneof histwelvesonsbyRalabintMudad,andwassimplynotnamedintheBible. Possibly,asbothQahtanandNabithadasonYashjubfollowedbyagrandsonYarub (sometimesgiveninreverseorder),itcanbeseenhowaconfusionmighteasilyhave arisen.Itdoesnotmeanthatthesuggestionofaconfusionis100%correct,however,as it is not at all impossible that both Qahtan and Nabit did have sons and grandsons
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namedYashjubandYarub,sincenamesdofrequentlygetrepeatedinfamilylines.
TheJurhumites
The descendants of Qahtan b. Aybars son Jurhum/Jerah were known as the Jurhumites, the tribes that occupied the land in and around Makkah. Jurhum and his cousin Qaturah both settled near Makkah, but they fought each other with Jurhum gainingtheupperhand. RalasbrotherHarithb.Mudadb.Amrb.Jurhumhadtwosons,AmrandAmir.Amr becametherulerofMakkahandGuardianoftheKabahshrine. AmirsdescendantsmovedtotheYemen.
TheKhuzaah
Yearslater,AmirsdescendantAmrMuzayqiya(thechiefoftheBanuAmrb.Amirb. Harith),ledthemigrationofseveraltribesfromtheYemenwithhissonsHarithahand Afsa.TheycamenorthandsettledintheTihamah,thensplitaway(inkhazaa)fromthe restoftheemigrants,tobecomeknownastheKhuzaah. The tribes that became known as the Banu Khuzaah claimed descent from Qahtan (claimedasb.Ismail)throughQahtansgreatgrandsonSabaalAkbar.Sabahadtwo chief sons, Himyar and Kahlan. Himyar b. Sabas son Hamaisa founded the line of descent that led to the Tubba kings of Yemen, and Himyars son Malik founded the Banu Qudaa line (through his son Qudaa) that led to the heiress Qaylah, the ancestressofthefamousAwsandKhazrajtribes.SabassonKahlanfoundedthelineof descentthatledtoQaylahshusband,Harithahb.Thalabah. TheKhuzaahwerethedescendantsofAmrb.Rabiahb.Harithahb.Amrb.Amirb. Harithahb.ImrulQaysb.Thalabahb.Mazinb.Asdb.Ghauthb.Nabtb.Malikb. Zaydb.Kahlanb.Sabab.Yashjubb.Yarubb.Qahtanb.Ismailb.Ibrahim.They consistedoftheBanuAmrb.Rabiahb.HarithahtogetherwiththeclansofAslam, MalikandMilkan,sonsofAfsab.Harithah. TheyoccupiedterritorybetweenJiddahandMakkah,settledinhordesofhorsemenin Marr alZahran, a days journey from Makkah, and their subtribes of Aws and KhazrajwenttosettleinYathrib(thefuturecitystateofMadinah).[2]
TheJurhumitesofMakkahsuperseded bytheKhuzaah
TheJurhumites,whohadbeenoriginallydominantinandaroundMakkah,becameself indulgent,unjustandoppressive.Itwassaidthattheyweresounrestrainedthatwhena certainIsafb.BaghycouldnotfindaplacetofornicatewithhisgirlfriendNailahbint Dik,hewentintotheKabahanddiditthere,forwhichfouldeedthemiscreantswere
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transformed into two stones.[3] Eventually the Jurhumite ruler Mudad b. Amr b. Harith[4]warnedthemtheirignoblebehaviourhadcausedtheirreputationandauthority towane.HedugadeepholewithinthewellofZamzaminwhichhehidthetreasures of the Holy House, including two golden gazelles. The well was filled and the entire siteburiedundersand.TheJurhumitesthenwithdrew(orweredrivenout)infavourof theKhuzaahinaround429CE.
TheBanuNadr
TheimmediatelineoftheProphetMuhammad(pbuh)wasknownastheBanuNadr, taking the name from Nadr b. Kinanah b. Khuzaymah b. Amir (Mudrika) b. Ilyas b. Mudarb.Nizarb.Maaddb.Adnan.
[1] Esau had other wives. Genesis 26.34 names them as Judith the daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath the daughter of Elon the Hittite of whom it states that they made life bitter for Isaac and Rebekah, and that the marriages took place in Canaan before they shifted to the hill country of Seir. Genesis 36.15 gives a variant, however it names them as Adah the daughter of Elon the Hittite, OholibamahthedaughterofAnahthedaughter(orson)ofZibeontheHivite,andthedaughterofIsmail is named Basemath the sister of Nebaioth). In the First Book of Chronicles, two Oholibamahs are mentioned,bothdescendantsofSeirtheHoriteonewasthedaughterofAnahb.Zibeonb.Seir,andthe otherthedaughterofAnahb.Seir. [2]IbnIshaqp.692n.14. [3]IbnIshaqp.37,Tabari6.52.IsafandNailahwereactuallytwostoneidols,sacrificesbeingfrequently madeintheirvicinity. [4]NotthesamemanasIsmailsfatherinlawbutadescendant.
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The Genealogical Line of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)
TheProphetsFamilyLineNo2fromQusayytoAdnanandbeyond
SrRuqaiyyah The last of the Banu Khuzaah kings, Hulayl b. Hubshiyyah (Habashiya) b. Salul b. Kab b. Amr alKhuzai, gave his heiress daughter Hubbah in marriage to the hero Qusayyb.KilabofpeopleknownastheBanuNadr.[1]Qusayyslinecanbetracedas farbackasAdnan,ofthelineofIsmailb.Ibrahim. Qusayywasthesonof Kilabb.Murrahb.Kabb.LuayybyhiswifeFatimahbint Sadb.SayaloftheBanuAzdofYemen.QusayyhadabrotherZuhrah. QusayysfatherKilabwasthesonofMurrahb.KabbyhisfirstwifeHindbintSurayr b.Thalabahb.Harithb.Fihrb.Malikb.Nadrb.Kinanahb.Khuzaymah.Murrahs secondwife,AsmabintAdiyb.Harithahb.Amrb.Amirb.Bariq(fromYemen),also knownasBariqiyyahofAsad,wasthemotherofKilabshalfbrothersTaymand Yaqazah(IbnIshaqnamedherHindbintHarithahalBariqiyyah).Yaqazawasthe fatherofMakhzum.(Thethreemenwhosenamesarehighlightedwereleadersof importanttribes) Kabb.Luayywasafamouspoet,oneofthosewhobelievedtherewouldsooncomea new Messenger of God. Murrah had two brothers, Adiy and Husays. Murrah and Husays were the sons of Kabs wife Wahshiyah (or Makhshiyyah) bint Shayban b. Muharibb.Fihrb.Malikb.Nadrb.Kinanah.AdiysmotherwasRaqashbintRukbahb. Nailahb.Kabb.Harbb.Taymb.Sadb.Fahmb.Amrb.Qaysb.Aylan.Husayswas the father of Amr and grandfather of Jumah and Sahm. (Three more important tribal leaders) Kabs father was Luayy b. Ghalib (Qusayys greatgreatgrandfather), the brother of TaymalAdram.LuayyhadsevensonsKab,Amir,Sama,Khuzaymah,Sad,Harith andAwf.ThemotherofallthesonsexceptAmirandAwfwasMawiyyahbintKabb. Qaynb.Jasrb.ShayAllahb.Asadb.Wabrahb.Taghlibb.Hulwanb.Imranb.Hafb. Qudaah. KabandhistwobrotherswereknownastheBanuNajiyah. AwfsmotherwasBaridahbintAwfb.Ghanmb.Abdullahb.Ghatafan. AmirsmotherwaseitherMakshiyahorLaylabintShaybanb.Muharibb.Fihr(IbnIshaq p.706n.88).ThetribeofAwfb.LuayyalliedwiththeGhatafan. LuayyandTaymwerethetwosonsofGhalibb.Fihr.WhenLuayydied,Baridahtook hersonbacktoherownpeopleandmarriedSadb.Dhubyanb.Baghid. Kab had two other paternal halfbrothers Khuzaymah (who was known as Aidhat QurayshafterhismotherAidhahbintKhimsb.Quhafahb.Khatham,andSad(whose motherwasBunanah). LuayysmotherwasAtikahbintYakhludb.Nadrb.Kinanah,thefirstoftheAtikahsof thetribeofQurayshwhowereancestressesoftheProphet(pbuh).Anothersource(Ibn
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Ishaqp.41)gavehernameasSalmahbintAmrb.Rabiah(Luhayy)b.Harithahb.Amr Muzayqiqab.AmirMaalSamab.Khuzaah. Luayy had two full brothers, Taym alAdram (from daram, meaning a receding chin) andQays. Luayys father was Ghalib b. Fihr b. Malik and his mother was Layla bint Harith b. Tamim b. Sad b. Hudhayl b. Mudrikah. (Other sources named his mother as either Jandalah bint Amir b. Harith b. Mudad (b. Amr) alJurhumi, or Salmah bint Udd b. Tabikhahb.Ilyasb.MudarorJamilahbintAdwanofBariqofAzd). LuayyhadsixfullbrothersHarith,Muharib,Asad,Awf,JawnandDhib. FihrandHarithweresonsof Malikb.Nadr.MalikswifewasIkrishah(orAtikah)bint Adwan(Harith)b.Amrb.Qaysb.Aylan.AnothersourcenamedFihrsmotherasHind bintFahmb.Amrb.Qaysb.Aylan. Malik,SaltandYakhludwerethesonsofNadr(Qays)b.Kinanah. NadrsmotherwasBarrahbintMurrb.Uddb.Tabikhahb.alYasb.Mudar,whohad previouslybeenmarriedtohisfatherKinanahsfather.Kinanahb.Quzaymahhadmany othersons,includingMalik,Milkan,AbdManat,Nudayr,Amir,Harith,Amr,Sad,Awf, Ghanm,Makhramah,Jarwal,GhazwanandHudal. TheyhadapaternalhalfbrotherAbdManat,whosemotherwasFukayhah(orFakhah) alDhafrabintHanib.Balib.Amrb.Hafb.Qudaah. AbdManathadamaternalhalfbrother,Alib.Masudb.Mazinb.Dhibb.Adiyb.Amr b. Mazin alGhassani. Abd Manat married Hind bint Bakr b. Wail, who bore him children,andwhenhediedAlib.Masudmarriedherandtheyalsohadchildren. Kinanah,Asad,Asada(AbuJudham)andHawn/Hunwerethesonsof Khuzaymah b. Amr(Mudrika).KinanahsmotherwasAwanahbintSadb.Qaysb.Aylanb.Mudar (orHindbintAmrb.Qays),andhispaternalhalfbrothersAsad,AsadahandHunwere thesonsofthatBarrahbintMurrwhomKinanahsubsequentlymarriedhimself. Khuzaymah and Hudhayl were sons of Mudrika or Amr b. Ilyas. Their mother was Salmah bint Aslum b. Haf b. Qudaah (or Salmah bint Asad b. Rabiah). They had a maternalhalfbrotherTaghlibb.Hulwanb.Imranb.Hafb.Qudaah. Mudrika(Amr),Tabikha(Amir)andUmayr(Qamaah)werethesonsofIlyasb.Mudar. TheirmotherwasawomanofYemen,Khindif(herrealnamebeingLaylabintHulwan b.Imranb.Hafb.Qudaah,andhermotherbeingDariyyahbintRabiahb.Nizar).This isthematriarchwhosenameprevailedinthegenealogyandhersonswereknownasthe Banu Khindif. They got their nicknames from their reactions to antics of a hare that scattered their camels Amr went after the camels and was called Overtaker (= Mudrika)whileAmircookedthehare(cook= tabikha).Umayrhadslunk(= inqamaa) intothetentsandnotcomeout,butLaylarushedtoseewhatwashappeningandIlyas askedwhereshewashurryingto(=tukhandifin).
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IlyasandNas(alsocalled Aylanthedestitutebecausehewassogeneroushegavehis possessions away, and who fathered all of Qays) were sons of Mudar b. Nizar, the brother of Rabiah. Their mother was Rabab bint Haydah b. Maadd. These two were knownas asSarihan,theCandidones,ofthelineofIsmail(pbuh)b.Ibrahim(pbuh). TheyhadafullbrotherIyadandtwopaternalhalfbrothersRabiahandAnmar,whose motherwasJaddalahbintWalanb.Jawshamb.Julhumahb.AmrofJurhum.Anmarand IyadwenttotheYemen. Mudarwasthesonof Nizarb.Maad(AbuIyad,alsocalledAbuRabiah).Hismother was Muanah bint. Jawsham b. Julhumah b. Amr, and his full brothers were Qunus, Qunasah, Sinam, Haydan, Haydah, Hayadah, Junayd, Junadah, Qahm, Ubayd al Rammah, Urf, Awf, Shakk and Qudaah. These were sons of Nizar, the brother of Qudaah. NizarwasthesonofMaadb.Adnan.MaadsmotherwasMahdadbintLihamm(or Lahm)b.Jalhahb.Jadis(orTasm,orTawsam),oneofthefriendsofYaqshanthesonof Ibrahim(pbuh).MaaddsfullbrotherswerealDithAdanb.Adnan(orAkk,although somesaidAkkwasthesonofDithb.Adnan),Abyan,DahhakandAkk. Thisgenealogyuptothispointisnotdisputedbyanyofthescholars,andallthetribesof theArabsoftheHijazcombineinthislineofdescent. Beyondthispoint,unfortunately,genealogistsdiffer (i)fromwhichsonofIsmailthemainlineofdescentcame,and (ii)inthenamesonthelineofdescentfromIsmailtoAdnan It is important to note, however, that it was common practice to omit less wellknown namesfromlonglistsandonlyrecordorjumptothebetterknowncelebrities. Adnan, who was said to have been the ancestor of all the northern Arabs, had two paternalhalfbrothers,NabtandAmr. 1.OnelinerecordedbythehistorianIbnIshaqgives: Adnanb.Udd(Udad)b.Muqawwamb.Nahurb.Tayrahb.Yarubb.Yashjubb.Nabut b.Ismailb.Ibrahim. 2.TheProphetMuhammads(pbuh)cousinwifeUmmSalamah,suggests: Adnan b. Udad b. Zand (Hamaysa) b. Yara (Nabt) b. Araq alThara (Qaydhar?) b. Ismail(pbuh)b.Ibrahim(pbuh). 3.AnotherlinewassuggestedinthepoetryofQusayyb.Kilab: Adnanb.Udadb.Aytahabb.Ayyubb.Qaydhar(Kedar)b.Ismail(pbuh)b.Ibrahim (pbuh). 4.Afurthersuggestionis: Adnanb.Maydab.Manib.Udadb.Kabb.Yashjubb.Yarubb.Hamaysab.Qaydhar (Kedar)b.Ismail(pbuh)b.Ibrahim(pbuh). 5.ThesuggestionofMuhammadbSaibalKalbiis:
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Adnanb.Udadb.Hamaysab.Salamanb.Awsb.Buzb.Qamwalb.Ubayyb.Awwam b.Nashidb.Hazab.Bildasb.Yidlafb.Tabakhb.Jahamb.Tahashb.Makhab.Ayfab. Abqarb.Ubaydb.Daab.Hamdanb.Sanbarb.Yathribib.Yahzanb.Yalhanb.Arawa b.Ayfab.Dayshanb.Isarb.Aqnadb.Ayhamb.Muqsirb.Nahathb.Rizahb.Shamma b. Mizza b. Aws b. Arram b. Qaydhar (Kedar) b. Ismail (pbuh) b. Ibrahim (pbuh). (Thislastlistseemsfartoolong.) ThelastfouroftheseversionsgiveAdnansdescentfromIsmailssonKedarratherthan Nabut.Severalotherversionsalsoexist.
QaydharandKedar
ThereferencestoQaydharorQaydarareveryimportanttothoseseekingtolinkthisline with the references to Kedar appearing in various other places in the Old Testament, sinceMuslimscholarsputtheseforwardaspossibletextsprophesyingthecomingofthe ProphetMuhammad(pbuh).SeeIsaiah42.11.
[1]IbnKathir1.60,IbnSadvol1p.71statesthattheforbearsoftheQurayshwereknownastheBanuNadr.Nadrb. KinanahwasQusayysgreatgreatgreatgreatgreatgreatgrandfather.
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The Prophets Line Family No 3 Qusayy, the heiress Hubbah, and the Banu Nadr
TheProphetsLineFamilyNo3Qusayy,Hubbah,andBanuNadrto Quraysh
by Sr.RuqaiyyahWarisMaqsood (MaterialadaptedfromherforthcomingseerahtheLifeoftheProphet) TheBanuNadr TheimmediatelineoftheProphetMuhammad(pbuh)wasknownastheBanuNadr, takingthenamefromNadrb.Kinanahb.Khuzaymahb.Amir(Mudrika)b.Ilyasb. Mudarb.Nizarb.Maaddb.Adnan. Zayd/Qusayyb.Kilab,theStranger ThelastofthekingsofKhuzaah,Hulaylb.Hubshiyyah,[1]gavehisheiressdaughter HubbahinmarriagetotheBanuNadrhero Qusayyb.Kilab,whoselinewasQusayy b. Kilab b. Murrah b. Kab b. Luayy b. Ghalib b. Fihr b. Malik b. Nadr. Qusayys motherwasFatimahbintSadb.Sayl(Khayr),[2]awomanwithafamilyinterestinthe KabahsinceitwashergreatgreatgreatgrandfatherAmiralJadir[3](thebuilder)of Azdwhoerecteditspresentwall.SheboreKilabtwosons,ZuhrahandZayd,thelatter beingbornmanyyearsafterZuhrah,inc400CE.HisrealnameZaydwasreplacedby thenicknameQusayylittlestrangerbecausehisfatherKilabdiedwhenhewas only an infant, and Fatimah then married Rabiah b. Haram of the Banu Qudaah of Yemen,[4]andshiftedwiththebabytoalSham.Zuhrahhadalreadygrownupbythat time, apparently, and stayed behind in Makkah. Fatimah then had a son to Rabiah, Darraj(orRizah).[5] QusayygrewupamongtheBanuQudaah,butwhenhegotintoateenageargument andsworesomethingbyhistribehewasbluntlytoldtheywere nothistribehewas anoutsider,andhadneverbeenfullyacceptedbyhisstepfatherspeople.Shocked,he went to Fatimah, who told him who his real father was, and not to worry for his descendancewasnoblerthentheirsandhispeoplelivedclosetotheKabah.Excited, and eager to know his fathers people, in c418 CE he left his mother and went to Makkahtoseekhisfortune.[6]TheStrangerwasdestinedtofindmorethanrelatives andanewhometheresultsofthismoveweretobemomentous. The Khuzaah monarch Hulayl had a fifteenyearold daughter amongst his children, the princess Hubbah. Qusayy asked for her, was accepted, and in a short while acquiredmuchwealthandrespect,andfatheredmanychildren.
QusayyssonsbyHubbah
Qusayy had four sons by Hubbah Abd adDar who he dedicated to his house, Abdul Qusayy dedicated to himself, Abdul Uzzah to his goddess and Abdul Manaf to the idol revered by Hubbah. They also had two daughters, Takhmur and Barrah.[7]AbdulManafsrealnamewasMughirah,andhealsohadthenicknameal Qamar(theMoon)becausehewassohandsome.
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QusayybecomesGuardianofthe Kabah
QusayystalentsandcharactersoonestablishedhimasHulaylsfavourite,evenabove hisownsons.WhenHulayldieditwasaneasymatterforQusayytodefeathisrivals and become the guardian of the Kabah. Hulayl actually entrusted the keys of the Kabah to Hubbah, since she was the Khuzaah heiress, but as she did not have the strengthtoopenandshutthedoorherself,sheapologisedandpassedthemtohercousin Abu Ghubshan.[8] This man had a weakness for alcohol, and soon bartered them to Qusayyforaskinofwineandalute.TheKhuzaahprinceswerefurious,butQusayy calledhisrelativestohisaid,andalsogainedthesupportofhishalfbrotherRizahand theBanuQudaahwhoregrettedthefoolishrifttheyhadcaused.ThusQusayywas confirmed as the Guardian of the Kabah. The tribe of Khuzaah was then forced to evacuateafterafiercebattle,andQusayyreignedasking. Hewasnotjustaruler,butarulerofconsiderablemeritandenormousfame.Hubbahs house became known as the House of Assembly (the Dar alNadwah), and there Qusayyestablishedapeacefulandbeneficentruleasthechief(sharif)ofMakkah.All the affairs of the Quraysh were discussed in the DaralNadwah, marriages arranged, boys circumcised, caravans sent on their way. He organised a system of charity in which all his wealthy relatives paid a proportion of their annual accumulation and profitsovertohim,asGuardianoftheKabah,sothathecouldprovidefoodandwater forthepilgrims.
TheBanuNadrbecometheQuraysh
Qusayyswiderfamily,nowtreatedwithgreatrespect,begantomovetheirdwellings close to the Kabah and built houses in the nearby valley.[9] Qusayy was therefore giventhenickname alMujammi(theuniterorassembler)byhispeople,andfrom thistimeofgatheringtogetheronwardshispeople,theBanuNadr,wereknownasthe Quraysh, the most likely derivation being from the word taqarrush to gather togetherOther suggestions for the origin of the name Quraysh were that it derived fromanoldtribaltotemnameforShark(ie.qirsh),whichreferredtotheheroQuraysh b. Badr of Kinanah, who defeated and put to shame the Banu Nadr, (alQarsh never passes by anything without eating it!) or thirdly, they may have been named after Qurayshb.Harith,thestorekeeperofBanuNadrorfourthly,itmayhavebeentaken fromanicknameofNadrb.Kinanahhimself,whousedtoinquireaftertheneedsofhis peopleandhelpthemfromhiswealth,(qarrashabeingtoinquireafter). Those living closest to the Kabah became known as the Quraysh of the Hollow (Quraysh alBitah) the Hollow being the valley or torrentbed (batha or alabta) enclosingthesanctuaryandincludedQusayysbrotherZuhrah,hisuncleTaym,and hiscousinsJumahandSahm.OtherQurayshrelatives,wholivedfurtherawayfromthe Kabah,werecalledtheQurayshoftheOutskirts(QurayshalZawahir). QusayysfoursonsbyHubbahallbecamerespectedchiefs.AlthoughAbdadDarwas
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hiseldestson,AbdulManafwasfarmorerespectedbythepeopleanddeemedmore nobleandcapable.AbdulManafinfacthadeveryreasontobelievehemightsucceed hisfatherasparamountchief,fortherewasnofixedtraditionofruleofsuccessionby primogenitureamongstthetribes.Iftheeldestsonhappenedtobeinexperiencedwhen hisfatherdied(aswasfrequentlythecase),thetribewouldnotjeopardiseitsexistence byhavingsuchamanasthenewleader.Thechiefwasusuallyelectedbyconsultation or majlis, and had to be a man of wisdom and sound judgement. He was therefore usuallythemostrespectedmaleintheleadingfamily. However,whenQusayydiedhedidbequeathhisKabahresponsibilitiestohiseldest son, Abd adDar, although many would have far preferred the leadership for Abdul Manaf.AbdulManafcouldcertainlyhavechallengedAbdadDar,butheneverdid anddiedwithoutreachingoldage.
[1]Hulaylb.Hubshiyyah(Habashiya)b.Salulb.Kabb.AmralKhuzai. [2]FatimahbintSadb.Sayl(Khayr)b.Hamalahb.Awfb.Ghanmb.AmiralJadirb.Amrb.Juthumah b.YashkuroftheAzdShanuah,confederatesoftheB.Dil. [3]AlJadirwasAmirb.Amrb.Juthum.HemarriedthedaughterofHarithb.MudadalJurhumi.Their descendantswereknownasJadara. [4] Rabiah b. Haram b. Dinnah b. Abd b. Kabir b. Udhrah b. Sad b. Zayd of Qudaah b. Malik b. Himyar. [5]RabiahalreadyhadthreesonsbyanotherwifeHunn,MahmudandJulhumah. [6]IbnKathir1.133. [7]IbnSadvol1p.69.(NotesinthisformatrefertothetranslationbyMoinulHaq.)Tabari6.18,IbnIshaq p45. [8]Tabari6.21.AbuGhubshanwasSulaymb.Amrb.Buwayyb.Milkanb.Afsa. [9]SomescholarsbelievetherewerenoconstructedhousesinMakkahbeforethis.
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The Prophets Family Line No
TheProphetsFamilyLineNo.4Amr(Hashim),theFounderofthe Hashimites
by Sr.RuqaiyyahWarisMaqsood (MaterialadaptedfromherforthcomingseerahtheLifeoftheProphet) AbdulManafsline AbdulManaf(Mughirah)wastheyoungestsonofQusayyb.Kilab,Guardianofthe Kabahshrine,bytheKhuzaahheiressHubbahbintHulayl.WhenQusayydied,the roleofGuardianoftheKabahhadgonetoQusayyseldestsonAbdadDar,despite AbdulManafbeingthemostpopularofQusayysfoursons. Abdul Manaf married several wives of influential tribes, including Atikah bint Murrah b. Hilal of the Banu Hawazin,[1] Raytah of Taif, and Waqida bint Amr.[2] RaytahhadonlythesonAbdorAbdulAmr,whodiedchildlessWaqidaalsohadone son, Nawfal. The Hawazin heiress Atikah, however, bore him three sons and six daughters. The boys were twin sons called Amr (meaning life, or spiritual well being), and Abdul Shams (son of sunshine), and Muttalib. The daughters were Tumadir/Tamadur,Qilaba,Hayya,Raytah/Rita,UmmAkhtham,andUmmSufyan.
Amr
Abdul Manafs mother Hubbah never gave up ambitious hopes for the line of her favourite son. Her two favourite grandsons were the twin sons of Atikah, born in c464CE. The discomforts of pregnant women carrying more than one baby in the wombinevitablygaverisetolegendsandspeculations,andliketheirfamousancestor twins Isa (Esau) and Yaqub (Jacob pbuh),[3] it was said that Atikahs twins had struggledinthewombseekingtobefirstborn.Theirbirthwasrememberedfortheelder twinbeingbornwithoneofhistoespressedintotheyoungertwinsforehead.When theywereseparated,bloodflowed.Peoplesaidthiswouldsurelysignifywarsbetween theirprogeny.[4]HubbahhopedthattheopportunitiesmissedbyAbdulManafwould surelybemadeupforinthesegrandsons,especiallyAmrwhoseemedsomuchmore suitable for the role than any of the sons of AbdadDar. He became the darling of grandmotherHubbahseye. ItwasAmrwhofirstrealisedthepotentialforhisfamilyoftakingpartinthelucrative trade between Syria and Egypt that passed through Arabia. Trading was the most importantmeansoflivelihoodfortheinhabitantsofMakkah,abarrenvalleywithout cultivation(Surah14.137).ThiswasthetimewhentheSassaniankingdomofPersia had control over the international trade carried out between the northern lands, the easterncountriesandtheByzantineEmpirethroughthePersianGulf.Amrcommenced bygoinginpersontoAdeninYementomeettheshipscomingfromIndia,purchased thestockandtransporteditfirsttoMakkahandthenontoSyria,GazaorEgypt.There he bought up goods of local manufacture and brought them back to Makkah, mainly sellingthematthevariousArabmarketsandfairs.
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AmrbecomesHashim
Amrwasgeneroustoafault,anditwashispracticalcompassioninoneyearofdrought that earned him his famous nickname of Hashim, the Crusher. This was not for crushing or oppressing anyone, but because when the people were starving and emaciated he provided food at his own expense for the entire population of Makkah, personally fetching an immense stock of flour from Syria by camelcaravan, then slaughteringthecamelsandcrushingthebreadandmeattoprovideasoupkitchenfor hispeople.HisdescendantsarestillproudlycalledHashimitestothisday.[5]
HashimsHousehold
Amr/Hashim had a fine household in Makkah, with at least four wives and eight children. His first three wives were Hubbahs niece Qaylah (or Hind) bint Amir b. MalikoftheBanuKhuzaah,Halah(Hind)bintAmrb.ThalabahalKhazrajiyah,anda woman from the Banu Qudaah, the people of Qusayys stepfather who had been so supportive of his cause. For his fourth wife he married one of his fathers widows, WaqidabintAmr(AbuAdiy)alMaziniyyah,themotherofhishalfbrotherNawfal. ByQaylah,hehadasonAsadbyHalahhehadthesonSayfianddaughterHayyah(or Hannah),byWaqidahehadthedaughtersKhalidahandDaifah,andbytheQudaah woman he had the son Nadala (or Nadh) and daughter Shifa and there was another daughter,Ruqaiyyah,andasonSayfayyah.
HashimtheTrader
Hashims ventures, taking advantage of the fact that he was held in high esteem amongstthetribesbecauseofhisstatusasKeeperoftheKabah,andalsobecausethey felt indebted to him for the great generosity with which they were treated in the Hajj season,boostedthetradeactivityontherouteleadingalongtheRedSeacoast.Infact, Hashim and his brothers became known as almujirun (the Protectors) and Ashab AlIlaf(thegeneratorsofloveandaffection),fornegotiatingfriendlyrelationsandsafe conductfortheQurayshwiththerulersofneighbouringlandstofacilitatetheirtrading. HashimobtainedprivilegesfromtheGhassanidkingofSyria,andevenwentinperson toByzantiumandprocuredawrittenguaranteefromtheRomanCaesarthathecould travelinsafetyanywhereinalSham,andcarryhisgoodsdutyfree.Caesaralsowrote totheNegusofAbyssiniatoadmittheQurayshtherefortrade,andHashimsbrother Abdul Shams had a special permit with him. Muttalib had his treaty with the HimyaritesofYemen,[6]andtheirhalfbrotherNawfalwiththePersiangovernmentsof Iraqandlran. Thus Hubbahs grandsons all earned fortunes as prominent traders, sending huge caravanssouthinthewintertoYemen,andnorthinthesummertoPalestineandSyria, alongtheoldincenseroutes.TheQurayshweresorespectedandpopularthattheyfelt nofearsfortheircaravansbeingrobbedorharmedalongtheway,andthevarioustribes
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didnotevenattempttochargethemtheusualheavytransittaxestheydemandedfrom othercaravans. TheQurayshSplit Eventually, however, the Quraysh split openly over who they would support for the leadership and Guardianship of the Kabah the line of Abd adDar, or the line of Abdul Manaf. The clans of Makhzum, Sahm, Jumah and Adiy remained loyally supportiveofAbdadDarsline,butthoseofAsad,Zuhrah,TaymandHarithb.Fihr demandingthattherightsbetransferredtoAbdulManafslinethroughHashim,even thoughhewasnotyettwentyyearsoldatthetime(c480CE).
TheScentedOnesandtheConfederates
Thetwosideshadevengotsofarasagreeingtogooutsidethesanctuaryofthesacred areainordertobattleitout,whenacompromisewasatlastreached.Thewomenfolkof AbdulManafconcoctedabowlofliquidstronglyperfumedwithnutmegpowderand broughtittotheKabah.AllthosewhoagreedtopledgetheirsupporttoHashimcame and dipped their hands in it, and rubbed the scent on the Kabah. They thus become known as the HilfalMutayyabun or Alliance of the Scented Ones.[7] Their rivals also organised themselves into a pact and became known as the Hilf alAhlaf or AllianceoftheConfederates.TheConfederateswereleftincontrolofthecharitytax andthefoodanddrinkforpilgrims,andtheScentedOneshadthekeystotheKabah andtherunningoftheHouseofAssembly.SothedescendantsofAbdadDarkeptthe hijabah, liwa and nadwah, and the descendants of Abdul Manaf were granted the siqayahandrifadah. Hashimwasacceptedastheoverallleader,withtheresponsibilityofprovidingforthe pilgrims in the Kabah precincts, with the support of his brothers Abdul Shams and Muttalib, and his halfbrother Nawfal. The only person who challenged Hashims authority was Umayyah, the son of his brother Abdul Shams, but he had no real support and shifted to live out his life in Syria. Makkah became the acknowledged capital of Arabia, and markets were established around the city to deal with all the business. HashimmarriesSalmahofYathrib The vast oasis of Yathrib was the first major stop on the northern route, a journey of some 230 miles from Makkah. Perhaps through the influence of the matriarchal traditionsofwealthyJewishwomenthere,thewomenfolkofYathribwereparticularly independent and powerful, none more so than the beautiful and feisty Salmah bint AmrofBanuAdiyb.Najjar,[8]awomanwhotradedanddealtwiththecaravanson herownbehalf.Inc495CEHashimwhousedtopassthroughYathribeveryyear and hold a market at Suq alNabt had his attention caught by this ladys jovial and authoritativemanneroftrading,andbegantomaketactfulinquiriesabouther. HesoonfoundoutSalmahwaswellknownandrespected,andmuchsoughtafterso much so that she had previously chosen husbands and divorced them as she pleased, and she chose only the best.[9] Salmah was one of these powerful women who
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enjoyed her own position and tribal prestige, and had no intention of abandoning her homeestablishmentandfamilygroup.Sheremainedinherownhousehold,andformed liaisonswiththoseofthemenwhosoughtheroutthatsheadmired. OneofSalmahshusbandswasthewarriorchiefUhayhahb.JulahofBanuJahjaba,a leadingcelebrityinthetribalfightingofthepreIslamicperiod,whopossessedoneof thelargestfortressesinQubaontheoutskirtsofYathrib,theUtumadDihyan.Salmah hadtwosonsbyhim,AmrandMabad.AnotherofherhusbandswasherrelativeMalik b.AdiyoftheBanuNajjar,bywhomshehadtwodaughters,MulaykahandNuwwar. [10]YetanotherwasAwfb.AbdulAwfb.Abdb.Harithb.Zuhrah,bywhomshe hadthedaughterShifabintAwf. HashimsownreputationwassuchthathedidnotexpectSalmahtobeanythingother thanhonouredandpleasedbyhisproposal.However,hesoondiscoveredtohischagrin thatalthoughshewascertainlypreparedtoconsiderhim,shewouldonlymarryhimon herownterms,thechiefbeingthatheconsentedtoletherremaininherownhomein Yathrib, controlling her own business as she was used to, and not going with him to Makkahtojoinhishousehold.[11] Hashimaccepted,andtheweddingtookplace,withthearrangementthatbothofthem shouldcontinuetoconducttheirlivesasbefore,butHashimwouldvisitandstayinher housewheneverhecametoYathrib.Thearrangementsuitedbothofthem,anditwas notlongbeforeshebecamepregnant.
TheBirthofaManofVisions
Whentheirbabywasborn,abeautifulboy,theyweresurprisedtoseethatamidsthis jetblack hair was a streak of white. Thus, with the characteristic Arab passion for descriptivenames,thenewborninfantgotthenameShaybah,meaningthe ancient oneorwhitehaired.[12]Theyearwas497CE. Onceagain,discussionstookplace.HashimlongedtohavehissonwithhiminMakkah assoonashewasweaned,butSalmahneitherwishedtobepartedfromhim,norfor herselftogoandliveinapolygynous[13]household,sosheinsistedthathiseducation should remain her responsibility, and that he should stay in the Yathrib oasis. Once again, Hashim consented. Shortly after this Salmah bore Hashim a second child, a daughter,Ruqaiyyah.
TheDeathofHashim
Tragically,likehisfatherAbdulManaf beforehim,Hashimwasnotdestinedfora longlifebutdiedonatradingtriptoGaza inPalestinebeforehehadreachedtheage

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offorty(ie.before504).Hisbusiness passedtononeofhissons,buttohis brothers,thesonsofAtikahofthe Hawazin.
MuttalibbecomesGuardianofthe Kabah
Hashims position as Guardian of the Kabah with all its responsibilities went to his brother Muttalib, who was younger than his other brother Abdul Shams, but more popular. The Quraysh nicknamed Muttalib Mr Abundance (alFayd) for his generosity. He also got the Moon (alQamar) nickname for his good looks. Abdul Shams continued to concentrate on the trade with Yemen, and Hashims halfbrother Nawfal(whosemotherWaqidahadalsobeenamothertoHashimbeforeshebecame his wife), took over Hashims business with Syria.[14] Hashims Yathribi widow SalmahandtheirtwochildrencontinuedinYathrib. Nawfal seems to have been the relative who acted as guardian for Hashims Makkan household,overseeingtheinheritanceofhischildren.Heactedfairlytowardsthosein Makkah,butkeptinhisowncustodythatpartoftheinheritancethatshouldhavegone toSalmahschildren.HemaywellhavethoughtitpossiblethatHashimsYathribiboy mighteithernotlive,ornevercometoMakkah.However,fateorrather,thewillof God was to intervene. Since Salmah had her own means of support, she bided her time.
[1]ThemotherofAtikahbintMurrahwasSafiyyahbintHauzab.Amrb.Salulb.Sasaahb.Muawiyyah b.Bakrb.Hawazin.SafiyyahsmotherwasBintAidhAllahb.SadalAshirab.Madhhij. [2]WaqidabintAmr(AbuAdiy)alMaziniyyahb.Mansurb.Ikrimah. [3]Genesis25.22. [4] Ibn Kathir 1.132, Tabari 6.17. It is quite possible there were twins in this line Abdul Muttalibs daughterUmmHakimalBaydawassaidtohavebeenthetwinofAbdullah.Sometraditionssuggestthat theProphet(pbuh)fatheredtwosetsoftwinsonKhadijah,andthathisdaughterFatimahgavebirthtotwo setsoftwins.Later,Alihadtwinsamongsthisoffspring. [5]Lataifalmaarif,Thaalibi,Edinburgh,1968,p.42IbnKathir1.132,fromIbnIshaqIbnSadvol1 p.77.
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[6]HimyarwasoneofthelastsouthwestArabiantribestoruleYemenbeforeitsconquestbytheMuslims. TheyclaimedQahtanidescent. [7] Ibn Kathir 1.186. Hilf, or tahalluf, comes from halafa, to form a confederacy, for mutual help and protection. [8]SalmahbintAmrb. Zayd b. Labidb. Haram b. Khidash b. Amir (or b. Jundub) b. Ghanm (or b. Khindaf) b. Adiy b. Najjar (Taym Allah) b. Thalabah b. Amr b. Khazraj of Banu Najjar. She was sometimescalledSalmahbintZayd,missingoutherfatherAmr.HermotherwasUmayrah(Amirah)bint Sakhrb.Habibb.Harithb.Thalabahb.Mazinb.Najjar,andhermothersmotherwasSalmahbintAbdul Ashhalb.Harithahb.Dinarb.Najjar.(ThefourmainsubdivisionsoftheBanuNajjarwereMazin,Adiy, Dinar and Malik, from Najjars four sons. Najjar was also known as Taym Allah). Salmah was the Prophets(pbuh)greatgrandmother. [9]InpreIslamicmatrilinealcirclesapowerfulwomanmighthaveseveralvisitinghusbands,someofthem concurrently.Somewomenformedthiskindofrelationshipwithasmanyashalfadozenmen(apparently up to the limit of ten Bukhari 67.37.1, recorded by Aishah). There was, of course, all the difference betweenaninfluentialwomanwhoenjoyedamoreorlesspermanentrelationshipwithseveralnoblechiefs and regarded herself as the servant of none, and the women who were available to all comers for pay, knownas baghaya(prostitutes).Manyoftheformerhadverystablerelationshipsandsometimesborefive orsixchildrentooneman.Iftheywerenotcertainoftheparentageofaparticularchild,theywouldconsult aqaifanexpertindetermininglineagefromtheobservationofsimilaritiesinphysicalattributes. [10] It is possible that she married Malik after the death of Hashim, and not before. There were two Nuwwar bint Maliks, this one Umm Sulayms aunt Nuwwar bint Malik b. Adiy, a daughter of the Prophets (pbuh) greatgrandmother Salmah, and Nuwwar bint Malik b. Sirma, the mother of Zayd b. Thabitb.DahhaktheProphets(pbuh)scribe. [11]IbnKathir1.131,fromZuhri,suggestsHashimstayedinherfathershouse. [12]ItwasalsosaidthatShaybahmeantonepraisedforhisgenerosity. [13]Polygamousisthegeneralwordformultiplemarriage.Polgynousmeansamanwithmorethanone wife,andpolyandrousmeansawifewithmorethanonehusband. [14]ItwassaidthatnofamilyfromonefatherweresofarremovedfromeachotherattheirdeathsHashim diedinGaza,AbdShamsinMakkah,NawfalinIraqandMuttalibintheYemen.(Thaalibi).
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The Prophets Family Line No 5 Abdul Muttalib
TheProphetsFamilyLineNo5AbdulMuttalib
by Sr.RuqaiyyahWarisMaqsood (MaterialadaptedfromherforthcomingseerahtheLifeoftheProphet) MuttalibseeksaSuccessor InMakkah,MuttalibprovedaworthysuccessortoHashim,butasheagedhebeganto growconcernedastowhoshouldsucceedhim,forhistorywasrepeatingitself.Hisown sons did not share his temperament, and he did not feel they would be adequate guardiansoftheKabah.Neitherwasheimpressedbyanyofhisnephews.However, when his friend Thabit b. Mundhir of Yathrib came to Makkah he gave a glowing report about his neglected Yathribi nephew, who was developing into an outstanding youngman.Bytheageoffourteen(c511)Shaybahwasnoble,courageous,generous andcompassionate,withthecommandingmannerofanaturalleader.Thepossibilityof bringing him to Makkah began to intrigue his uncle, even though Thabit was quite certainSalmahwouldnotlethimgo.[1][1] Muttalib decided to keep his plan to himself, but to check the boy out. He was told wherehewasshootingarrowswithhismaternaluncles,andwhenhesawtheladthe very image of Hashim Muttalib burst into tears and embraced him. Salmah was moved,andinvitedMuttalibtocomeandlivewithher,anofferhepolitelyrefused.He insisted that he should take the youth to Makkah until Salmah became angry and declaredshewouldneverallowit.However,usingallhispowersofpersuasion,hewas eventuallysuccessfulwhereHashimhadfailedshegaveinandagreedtoletherson shifttoMakkah,wherehewaspromisedagreatfuture.[2][2]
ShaybahbecomesknownasAbdul Muttalib
The youth with the silver lock of hair was sad to leave his mother, but very excited about his new prospects. He made his entry into Makkah riding proudly behind Muttalibonhiscamel.Thefirstpersonwhorantogreetthemwasagirlofabouthis own age, Ruqayqah, the daughter of Hashims son Sayfi by Tumadir bint Kalda b. AbdulManaf,whothenwenttotellherfamilyMuttalibhadarrived.[3][3]Seeingthe young stranger riding behind him she jumped to the conclusion he must be a newly acquired slave, and this was how the Quraysh greeted him, until Muttalib corrected them.ThusitwasasShaybahb.HashimtheboydestinedtobethenextGuardianof theKabahenteredMakkahthathegainedthenickname AbdulMuttalib(or slave ofMuttalib),anamehecherishedproudlyandbywhichheismuchbetterknown.[4][4] MuttalibkepthispromisestoSalmah,andwhenhedied,Shaybah/AbdulMuttalibtook overthe siqayahand rifadah,theresponsibilityofprovidingfoodandwaterforthose whocametotheKabah.Oneofthefirstassertionsofhisauthoritywastoputrightthe injusticedonebyhisuncleNawfalwhohadneverreleasedtheirinheritancetohimself,
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hissisterandhismotherSalmah.[5][5]OnSalmahsbehalfeightyKhazrajhorsemenof Yathribralliedtodefendhersonscause[6][6],androdetoMakkahpreparedtofight. Nawfalwasputtoshameandbackeddown,obligedtoputrighthisnegligence.[7][7]
TheFamilyofAbdulMuttalib
AbdulMuttalibmaturedintoadeeplyreligiousman,butinspiteofthehonourofhis position as Guardian of the Kabah, he found his personal sympathies lay with the hanifsandnotwiththemultitudesofpaganworshipperswhostreamedinpilgrimageto theshrine.Heusedtogooffalonetospendlonghoursofprayeroutonthehillsides around Makkah, as his friend Zayd b. Amr the hanif had done. He sometimes experienced visions. He had a particular interest in the history of Ibrahim (pbuh), and loved to be physically near the Kabah, and frequently took advantage of his role as Guardiantosleepallnightonacouchsetupforhiminthe Hijr,thesemicircularspace onthenorthwestsidewhereIbrahims(pbuh)wifeHajarandsonIsmail(pbuh)had beenburied.[8][8] Abdul Muttalibs waterduty was very onerous. He took his responsibility for this provisionveryseriously,andthetasknearlybroughthimtoexhaustion,forwaterhadto befetchedfromsubsidiarywellsontheoutskirtsofMakkahandstoredinthereservoirs neartheKabah.Atthisstage,inhisearlythirties,AbdulMuttalibonlyhadoneson, Harith, the son of either a slavewife Summayah bint Mauhab or Safiyyah or Samrah bint Jundub. She had been the companion of his youth, his contract with her probablycommencingwhenhewasabout16yearsofage.[9][9] One night, in c529 CE, when Abdul Muttalib was about 32 years old and his son Harithabout16,hewasgrantedavisionrevealingthewhereaboutsofHajarsspring. Hewasorderedtodigataplacewheretherewasbloodanddung,anantsnest,and pecking ravens. He soon identified the place, between the two cultic rocks Isaf and Nailah, where sacrifices were regularly made. He knew the rediscovery of the Zamzam spring would be a great boon, but as he and Harith commenced digging betweentheancientstoneshisidolworshippingrelativescamerunningtoconfronthim, alarmedandafraidofsacrilege.Herefusedtostop,andwhentheythreatenedviolenceit fell to Harith to draw his sword to keep them at bay while Abdul Muttalib kept on digging. More and more gathered to protest, but they held back from physically preventing him since they observed that the gods had not harmed him, as expected. Onthethirddayhefoundtracesofthewell.Theanxiouscrowdwaspacified,andthe treasuresburiedbyMudadwerediscoveredandrestoredtotheKabah.Thetwogolden gazelleswereeitherfixedtotheKabahdoors[10][10]orthegoldwasmelteddownand put on the doors as cladding. Gold was frequently used on Temple doors for its spectaculareffectwhenthesunshoneonit.
AbdulMuttalibsOath
The experience convinced Abdul Muttalib of the need for more supporting sons. He ratherimprudentlytriedtomakeadealwithGod,thatifHewouldgranthimtensons thatlivedtomaturityhewouldgiveoneofthemasabloodsacrifice.
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Setting his plans in motion, he negotiated with the powerful and wealthy tribe of Makhzumtomarryanimportantheiress,the15yearoldFatimahbintAmr,alsoknown as Fatimah of Makhzum.[11][11] The marriage forged a highly important link between his clan and hers the clan of Makhzum being the most powerful of the Confederates, those tribes that remained loyal to the descendants of the ancestor QusayyssonAbdadDarasopposedtothedescendantsofhissonAbdulManaf.Of alltheConfederatetribes,MakhzumandJumahwerebyfarthemostimportant. FatimahwasAbdulMuttalibsmostinfluentialandmostprolificspouse,themotherof threeofhissonsandfiveofhisdaughters.Hereldestsonwas Zubayr(Zabbar),who wasdestinedtobecometheheadoftheBanuHashimonthedeathofhisfather.Then cameAbdulManaf,whotookthe kunyaname[12][12]of AbuTalib from his eldest son.HeryoungestwasAbdullah,borninc545whenAbdulMuttalibwasc48. ThenameAbdulLah/Abdullah(orservantofalLah)usuallyreferredtooneofthe 360 pagan idols of the Kabah, a Father deity with three daughters but Abdul MuttalibusedthenametheAlmightyortheSupremetorefertotheOneTrueGod worshippedbyIbrahim(pbuh).Abdullah,wastheappleofFatimahseye. Herfivedaughtersareusuallylistedintheorder Barrah, Atikah, Umaymah, Umm Hakim (known as alBayda, the white, who was said to have been Abdullahs twin[13][13])and Arwah.However,ifUmmHakimreallywasthetwinofAbdullah, shemustalsohavebeenborninc545.Fromvariousdateinformationitcanbededuced thatAuntBarrahwasbornc.554,Atikahinc.555,Umaymahinc.558,andArwahany timebetweenc555566.ItisunlikelythatArwahcouldhavebeenbornafter566since by then her mother Fatimah (bint Amr) would have been c52. Arwah bore her son Tulayb in 595 CE, which may indicate 594 as the year of her marriage (Tulayb was knowntohavebeen15in510CE).IfArwahwasbornasearlyas555thiswouldmake hernearly40whenshemarried,whereasifshewasbornaslateas566shewouldstill havebeen28atmarriage. AbdulMuttalibwentontohaveseveralmorewives.Thethirdwasaladyknownas the pure pearl of the Khuzaah, Lubnah bint Hajir,[14][14] and their son Abdul Uzzah gained the nickname Abu Lahab (father of brightness) because he was so handsome.[15][15] AbdulMuttalibsfourthwife,NutaylahbintJandabb.KulaybofAmir,[16][16]was the mother of Abbas, born in 567.[17][17] Once, when Abbas was a toddler, he wanderedoffandgotlost.Nutaylahwassodistraughtthatshemadethevowthatifshe ever found him again she would cover the Holy House with silk and brocade no ungenerousgesturesinceitwasamassivestructure.Shedidfindhim,andaccordingly fulfilledhervowthusbecomingthefirstpersontoputsuchacoverovertheKabah. [18][18] Abdul Muttalib frequently visited Himyarite friends in Yemen, and on one return behavedverysecretivelytowardsNutaylah.Inthemorningherevealedforthefirsttime inhislifeabeautifulheadofjetblackhair,likeayoungman.TheHimyaritehadtaught him how to dye his hair with hinnah and then wasmah (indigo leaves). He had experimentedwithalittle,thenaskedforalot,andeventuallyarrivedinMakkahwith hairasblackasthewingsofaraven.Nutaylahwasdelightedandamused.
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OShaybah(whitehairedone),sheteasedhim,ifonlyyourbeautywaspermanent! He replied: I would indeed have been pleased if the dye had been permanent, a substitutefortheyouththathaspassedaway.Lifeisshort,andIhaveenjoyedmine but,ONutaylahthereisnoescapefromdeathoroldage![19][19]Itwassaidhewas the first of the Quraysh at Makkah to dye his hair with wasmah. After this example manyofthepeopleofMakkahstarteddyeingtheirhairblack. Nutaylahhadtwoothersons,DirarandQitham(Qutham).[20][20] AbdulMuttalibsfifthwifewas MumannaahbintAmroftheBanuKhuzaah,[21] [21]andtheirsonwasMusab(Ghaydaq).Mumannaahhadalsobeenoneofthewives ofAbdulAwfb.Abdb.Harithb.Zuhrahandhadasonbyhim,Awf.[22][22] To his chagrin, the time came when Abdul Muttalib did have ten sons, who all survivedtoteenage. (ThenarrativesconcerningthesacrificeofAbdullah,hismarriageandthebirthofthe Prophet,theAbyssinianinvasionofMakkahin570theYearoftheElephantand AbdulMuttalibsdefenceoftheKabah,areallgiveninArticle6ofthisseries).
[1][1]IbnSad1p.85IbnKathir1.131,fromZuhri,suggestshewasonlyseven. [2][2]AnotherversionsuggestedMuttalibsneakedShaybahawaywithoutaskingher.Tabari6.10. [3][3]RuqayqahwassaidtohavebeenalittleolderthanShaybah/AbdulMuttalib. [4][4]AbdulMuttalibalsohadthenicknameIbnAwatiksonoftheAtikahsacommonfemalename inhisfamily.However,thiswasalsoawordmeaninganancientbow,andthisisthemostlikelyreasonfor thenickname. [5][5]IdonotknowwhenSalmahdied. [6][6] The Sealed Nectar, Safiur Rahman, Dar usSalaam Publications, Saudia, 1996. p.51 names Salmahs champion as her brother Abu Sad b. Adiy (or Udas), but Salmahs father was Amr b. Zayd. PerhapshemeantAbuSadoftheBanuAdiyb.Najjar.OneofSalmahshusbandswasMalikb.Adiy perhapsAbuSadb.Adiywasthisman,orhisbrotherandthereforeSalmahsbrotherinlaw? [7][7]NawfallatermadealliancewiththeBanuAbdShamsb.AbdulManafagainstBanuHashim,but BanuKhuzaahandBanuNajjarsupportedthem. [8][8]IbnSadvol1p45,IbnIshaqp4. [9][9]Muslim6079namesherasSummayah,butIbnSadnamesherasSafiyyahbintJunaydibb.Hujayr b.Zabbabb.Habibb.Suwaahb.Amirb.Sasaah,andIbnIshaqgivesthevariantSamrahbintJundubb. Hujayrb.Riabb.Habibb.Suwaab.Amirb.Sasaa,b.Muawiyyahb.Bakrb.Hawazinb.Mansurb. Ikrima(IbnIshaqp.708n97).
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[10][10]IbnKathir1.132 [11][11] Fatimah bint Amr b. Aidh (Ayidh) b. Imran (or Aidh was Imran) b. Makhzum b. Yaqazah b. Murrah b. Kab b. Luayy. Her mother was Sakhrah bint Abd b. Imran of the same line and Sakhrahs motherwasTakhmurbintAbdb.Qusayy. [12][12]AkunyanameiswhenpeoplearecalledAbuorUmm(meaningfatheroformotherof),the nametakenfromtheireldestchild.AbuTalibwasthe kunya name of this Abdul Manaf, who was also calledAbdulKabah.InArabicgrammaticalrules,thewordAbuchangestoAbiwhenthewordIbnor son of is prefixed to the name so for example Ibn Abu Talib becomes Ibn Abi Talib. To avoid confusion,itisleftasAbuinthistext. [13][13]Tabari39p.198,(TheHistoryofalTabari,vol39,TheBiographiesoftheCompanionsandtheir Successors,Tr.EllaLandauTasseron,StateUniversityofNewYorkPress,1998)fromBaladhuri,Ansab 1.88.111(Duri),311IbnQudamah173. [14][14]LubnahbintHajjirb.AbdulManafb.Datirb.Hubshiyyahb.Salulb.Kabb.AmrofKhuzaah. IbnIshaq709n.120. [15][15]WhenpeoplearecalledAbuorUmm(meaningfatheroformotherof)itusuallyrefersto their kunya name, the name taken from their eldest child. However, the use of Umm or Abu is not confinedto kunyanamesitcouldalsobeanicknamedenotingsomeparticularcharacteristic,orinterest, orability.Forexample,AbuLahab(fatherofbrightness)wasthenicknamegiventohimbecausehewas sohandsome.However,MuslimslinkedthebrightnessofflamewiththeflamesofHellseeSurah91.In theArabicidiom,theexpressionfather/motherofsomethingalsomeanstheextremeorsupremeexample ofaparticularthingorcharacteristic.WehavetheexampleofUmmalKitab(motherofbooks)asaname fortheQuran. [16][16]NutaylahbintJanabb.Kulaybb.Malikb.Amrb.Amirb.ZaydManatb.Amirb.Sadb.Khazraj b.Taymirthatb.Namirb.Qasitb.Hinbb.Afsab.Jadibab.Asadb.Rabiahb.Nizar. [17][17]AlthoughAbbaswasthereforeMuhammads(pbuh)uncle,hewasactuallyonlythreeyearsolder thanMuhammad(pbuh). [18][18]ThefirstpersontoputanycoverontheKabahhadbeenAbuKaribAsadalHimyariofYemen acoveroftannedleatherandYemenicloth(Lataifalmaarif, Thaalibi p.42). Previously, the Kabah hadbeenbuiltofwallsofloosestonesopentothesky,justovertheheightofaman.Itusedtobecovered withwhiteEgyptiancloth,thenYemenicloththefirsttocoveritwithbrocadewasHajjajb.Yusuf.These days it has a special black covering with borders of Quranic texts embroidered in gold thread, which is replacedannuallytheoldoneiscutintopiecesandgivenaspricelesssouvenirstovariouspilgrims.The cover was changed on the day of Ashura (10th Muharram). Said b Mansur recorded that Umar used to takedowntheoldcovereveryyear,cutitintopieces,anddistributethemamongthepilgrimswhoused themasshelterfromtheheatofMakkah.FiqhusSunnah5.131a. [19][19]IbnSadvol1p.91. [20][20]Theybothdiedleavingnochildren. [21][21]MumannaahbintAmrb.Malikb.Muwammalb.Suwaydb.Asadb.Mashnub.Abdb.Habtarb. Adiyb.Salulb.Kabb.AmroftheKhuzaah. [22][22] In an earlier marriage, Abdul Awf had another son Awf, who had married Abdul Muttalibs
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motherSalmah.TheirdaughterShifa(Shaffah)marriedMumannaahsAwf,andtheyweretheparentsof the Prophets (pbuh) close Companion Abdur Rahman b. Awf, and Atikah the wife of Makhramah b. Nawfal.
6/6
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The Prophets Family Line No 6 - Abdullah, and the Birth of the Prophet
The Prophets Family Line No 6 Abdullah, and the Birth of the Prophet.
by Sr.RuqaiyyahWarisMaqsood. (MaterialadaptedfromSr.RuqaiyyahsforthcomingseerahTheLifeoftheProphet AsAbdulMuttalibenteredhisthirtieshestillonlyhadoneson, Harith, the son of eitheraslavewifeSummayahbintMauhaborSafiyyahorSamrahbintJundub. Shehadbeenthecompanionofhisyouth,hiscontractwithherprobablycommencing whenhewasabout16yearsofage.[1][1] One night in c529 CE, when Abdul Muttalib was about 32 years old and his son Harithabout16,hewasgrantedavisionrevealingthewhereaboutsofHajarsspring. This famous spring had been buried around a hundred years previously by the Jurhumite ruler Mudad b. Amr b. Harith.[2][2] He had become distressed by the ignoble behaviour of his tribe, which had caused their reputation and authority to wane.Hedugadeepholewithinthewellof Zamzaminwhichhehidthetreasures of the Holy House (the Kabah). The well was filled in and the entire site buried undersand.TheJurhumitesthenwithdrew(orweredrivenout)infavouroftheBanu Khuzaahinaround429CE. Now, in his vision, Abdul Muttalib was ordered to dig at a place where there was blood and dung, an ants nest, and pecking ravens. He soon identified the place, betweenthetwoculticrocksIsafandNailah,wheresacrificeswereregularlymade. HeknewtherediscoveryoftheZamzamspringwouldbeagreatboon,butasheand Harithcommenceddiggingbetweentheancientstoneshisidolworshippingrelatives camerunningtoconfronthim,alarmedandafraidofsacrilege.Herefusedtostop,and whentheythreatenedviolenceitfelltoHarithtodrawhisswordtokeepthematbay whileAbdulMuttalibkeptondigging.Moreandmoregatheredtoprotest,butthey heldbackfromphysicallyattackinghimsincetheyobservedthatthegodshadnot harmedhim,asexpected.OnthethirddayAbdulMuttalibsuccessfullyfoundtraces ofthewell.Theanxiouscrowdwaspacified,andthetreasuresburiedbyMudadwere discoveredandrestoredtotheKabah.
AbdulMuttalibsOath
TheexperienceconvincedAbdulMuttalibofthewisdomofhavingmoresupporting sons.HeratherimprudentlytriedtomakeadealwithGod,thatifHewouldgranthim tensonsthatlivedtomaturityhewouldgiveoneofthemasabloodsacrifice. Setting his plans in motion, he negotiated with the powerful and wealthy tribe of Makhzum to marry an important heiress, the 15 year old Fatimah bint Amr, also knownas FatimahofMakhzum.[3][3]Themarriageforgedahighlyimportantlink between his clan and hers the clan of Makhzum being the most powerful of the Confederates, those tribes that remained loyal to the descendants of the ancestor QusayyssonAbdadDarasopposedtothedescendantsofhissonAbdulManaf.Of
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alltheConfederatetribes,MakhzumandJumahwerebyfarthemostimportant. FatimahwasAbdulMuttalibsmostinfluentialandmostprolificspouse,themother ofthreeofhissonsandfiveofhisdaughters.Hereldestsonwas Zubayr (Zabbar), whowasdestinedtobecometheheadoftheBanuHashimonthedeathofhisfather. Then came Abdul Manaf, who took the kunya name[4][4] of Abu Talib from his eldest son. Her youngest was Abdullah, born in c545 when Abdul Muttalib was c48. To his chagrin, the time came when Abdul Muttalib did have ten sons, who all survivedtoteenage.
TheVowmustbeFulfilled
AbdulMuttalibwasamanwhoneverbrokehisword.Heperhapsregrettedmaking thatvow,butthedaycamewhenhefelthecouldnolongerputoffitsfulfillmentand sacrifice one of them. The people were aghast, and could not believe he would go through with this. They pleaded with him to forget his rash oath, but Abdul Muttalibswordwashishonour,andhewouldnotbackdown.Hecastsacredlots arrowswithhissonsnamesonnearthestatueofHubal,andalthoughhecouldnot beartokillanyofthem,tohisdismaythelotfellonAbdullah. AbdulMuttalib,liketheProphetIbrahim(pbuh),wasquitepreparedtoslaughterhis son,andAbdullah(likeIsmailpbuh)wouldhavepiouslydonehisdutyandaccepted hisfate.HeledAbdullahbythehandandlaidhimdownonarock.Itwassaidthat thepressureofhisfootonhissonsneckcausedapermanentscar.[5][5]However, Abdullahs feisty mother Fatimah of Makhzum refused to accept the loss of her belovedyoungestsoncalmlywithoutafight.Itwasherpromptanddeterminedaction thatsavedhislife.
Abdullahsavedbyhismother,his sistersandSajjahthewisewoman
First,shereasonedwithAbdulMuttalibhewasmakinganappallingmistake.He hadnotbeencommandedbyGodtodothisthing,sheinsisteditwasnotanecessity atall,onlytheresultofanimpetuousandfoolishoathmadeintheheatofthemoment whenhewasunderstress,andheshouldnotconsideritbinding.TheProphetIbrahim (pbuh)hadbeentaughtthatGoddidnotrequirehumansacrificebutobediencewith thewarningnotethatintimationsfromdramaticdreamsweretobetakenwithcaution, fortheydidnotnecessarilyrevealthewillofGod.[6][6]Fatimahralliedherrelatives, notablyMughirahb.Abdullah,thecurrentchiefofMakhzum,tostayherhusbands hand, by force if necessary. She and her five daughters placed themselves around Abdullah weeping, and urged their father to consult a famous divining woman, Sajjah of Yathrib, who could call up an attendant spirit to advise them before he tookanyfurtheraction.[7][7] ToherreliefAbdulMuttalibagreedtoherplea,andAbdullahwasgrantedareprieve
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whiletheytooksometimetofindthiswoman.Thenormalbloodpriceofamanwas tencamels,andthewisewomanssuggestionwastocastlotsbetweentheyouthand tencamels,untiltherewasanindicationthatanacceptablenumbertoredeemthevow had been reached. In the end Abdullahs bloodprice was reckoned as a hundred camels.AbdulMuttalibwasverywary,andinsistedthattheprocedurebechecked throughagain,andthenagain,beforehewassatisfied.Eachtimetheresultwasthe same,andintheendheallowedFatimahandhisdaughterstoleadAbdullahawayto safety.[8][8] AbdulMuttalibsLastMarriage The dramatic story became famous, and Abdullah the young man redeemed from being sacrificed was regarded as a particularly lucky person, resulting in many hopefulyoungladiesbeingstirredtorequestthatamatchwithhimmightbearranged. Abdullah,however,wasinnorushandremainedsingle. Yetnotonlywashedestinedtomakeafatefulunion,buthisfatherAbdulMuttalib wasalsodestined,whenhewasturned70yearsold,tomarryhissixthandlastwife. Thecrisisover,AbdulMuttalibreturnedtohismarriageplans.Asithappenedoneof hisfavouritecousins,MuttalibsdaughterAyyilah,wasalreadymarriedintotheBanu Zuhrah,herhusbandbeingZuhrahsgrandsonWuhayb.[9][9] Wuhaybs brother Wahb[10][10] had been the leading man of Zuhrah in birth and honour.Wahbschiefwife,BarrahbintAbdulUzzah,wasagreatgranddaughterof Qusayy,[11][11]andhisotherwifewasRughaybahbintZurarahb.Addas,oneofthe eminentwomenofYathrib.HissonAbduYaghuthwasnowhimselfanotablechief. WhenWahbdied,andpossiblyalsohiswifeBarrahforthereisnoothermentionof herAyyilahtookBarrahsdaughtersHalahand Aminahintohercare.Thewidow Rughaybah chose not to accept the protection of her husbands brother, but instead married Qays b. Amr of the Banu Adiy b. Najjar, returned to Yathrib, and in due coursegavebirthtoSalmah(UmmMundhir),andSalit. Ayyilahalsohadadaughterofherownofmarriageableage,alsocalled Halah, and AbdulMuttalibwhowasstillstrongandhandsome,(describedbyhisfriendNufayl whencomparinghimtoSheikhHarbb.Umayyahasapersonwhoistallerthanyou in stature more imposing than you in appearance, and more refined than you in intellect)[12][12]requestedthisHalahforhimself,althoughhewasnowoverseventy. [13][13] Halahs age is not known, but Aminah was about fifteen. Both girls gave consentandthetwomarriageswereorganisedtotakeplaceatthesametime.[14][14]
TheInterruptionofQutaylajbint Nawfal
Astheoldsheikhandhissonmadetheirwaytotheirdoublenuptialsinthequarterof thetribeofZuhrah,theywerestoppedbyawomanwhocamerushingupdemanding to speak to Abdullah. She was Qutaylah (Umm Qattal),[15][15] the sister of the famousChristianhanifWaraqahb.Nawfal[16][16].Shebelievedashedidthatanew
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MessengerofGodwasabouttobemademanifest.ShehappenedtobeattheKabah whenthetwobridegroomscamepast,andwasstartledtoseesomethingshedescribed asaspecialradiantglowinAbdullahsforehead.Itwasthisthathadimpelledherto runoutandbeghimwiththeofferofahundredcamelshislifepricetochangehis mindandnottakeAminahinmarriage,buttakeherinstead.[17][17]Embarrassed,he refused her offer. I am with my father and cannot act against his wishes and leave him, he replied. Qutaylah was obliged to withdraw disappointed, and the double weddingtookplaceasintended.[18][18] AbdullahmarriesAminahbintWahbofZuhrah AbdullahsbrideAminahwassweetandbeautiful,andassoonastheyoungcouple saw each other, great love flowed between them. They were very happy with their marriage, which they consummated without delay. Abdullah stayed three days amongstAminahsrelativeswhileAbdulMuttalibtookhisbrideHalahbacktohis house in Makkah, giving Abdullah the gift of a nineyearold black Abyssinian maidservanthehadboughtinthemarkettohelpcareforhisbride.Thegirlsname wasBarakahbintMuhsin.[19][19] ItsohappenedthatafewdayslaterAbdullahsawQutaylahagainandwasamusedto discoverthatshewasnolongerinterestedinhim.Heteasedheraboutherprevious behaviour,butsheonlycommentedthatwhatshehadseenthathadcausedhertoact asshedid,hadnowdisappeared.[20][20]
AbdullahsTragicDeath
AminahsoonleftheruncleshousewithAbdullah,andthecouplesetuptheirhome together with Barakah in a house known as Ibn Yusufs.[21][21] No doubt they hopedlikeallcontentednewlywedsthattheirlovewouldlastforeverandtheirhome wouldresoundwiththelaughterofchildrenwhowouldbecomethejoyoftheirold age.ToAminahsdismay,withindaysAbdulMuttalibpressedAbdullahtoresume hiswork,expectinghimtotakehiscaravantoSyria.Aminahwasdevastated.How canwebeseparatedwhilethehinnahisstillonmyhands?shecried.[22][22] Poor Aminah certainly needed little Barakahs care she was sick, depressed and weak,andspentthenexttwomonthsinastateofrestlessfeverishnessandanxiety. Barakah refused to leave her, even sleeping at the foot of her bed. However, Aminahs sickness was not just the result of depression. She had missed her menstruation. This was hardly uncommon in young women, for a multitude of reasons but there was one very obvious reason in the case of a young newly marriedbride. OnedayAminahwokeupfeelingcalmandbetter,exhileratedafterabeautifuldream. ShetoldBarakahthatshehadseenlightstreamingfromherwomb,whichlitupall the hills and valleys around Makkah, and reached as far as the castles of Bosra in Syria. A voice had spoken to her: You are pregnant with the lord of this people. When he is born say: I put him in the care of the Supreme from the evil of every envier then call him Muhammad. What had already been suspected was soon confirmed.Shewasindeedpregnant,andbothsheandBarakahwereconvincedthat
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the child in her womb was to be a boy, and very special indeed. Abdullah was not Abdul Muttalibs eldest son, but Fatimahs youngest, and very dear to both his parents.Hewasfullofpromise,anditwasnotimpossiblethat his eldest son might onedaybecomethechiefsheikhoftheQurayshandGuardianoftheKabah.They couldnotwaittogetthenewsofAminahspregnancytohim. ButAminahneversawherhusbandagain.Hecompletedhisjourneyandreturnedvia Yathrib,wherehewenttostaywithhismaternalunclesoftheBanuAdiyb.Najjar. [23][23]Unfortunatelythegreeneryandbeautyoftheoaseswereaccompaniedbya humidhothouseatmosphere,andthepoolswereabreedinggroundofflies,microbes and swarms of virulent malariabearing mosquitoes. As the time came to leave Abdullah went down with fever and became so ill he had to let the caravan go on withouthim. InMakkahtheywereeagerlyawaitinghisreturn.Barakahsawthecaravancomein, butsoonrealisedthatsomethinghadhappenedtoherdearmasterAbdullahwasnot withthem.ShedidnotdaretellAminah.WhenAbdulMuttalibwasinformedhesent hiseldestsonHarithspeedingtoYathribtofetchhimhome.Infact,Abdullahsfever hadflaredandsubsidedandhehadfoughtitonhissickbedforamonth,butbythe timeHarithreachedtheoasis,Abdullahwasdeadandhadbeenburiedintheproperty ofafamousHawazinpoet,NabighahalJudi.[24][24] BarakahwasatAbdulMuttalibshousewhenthenewsbroke,andwentrunningto Aminah,althoughshehadnoideawithwhatwordsshecouldtellhertheawfultruth. Aminah,whowasbythistimesevenmonthspregnant,nearlydiedfromherbroken heart. She fainted away, and lay for some time hovering between life and death. Barakah once more nursed her day and night until she showed signs of recovery. Aminahs elegy for Abdullah was simple and dignified: Death invited the son of Hashim,andwhenheacceptedmankindhasnotbeenleftwithhisequal.Yetevenif he is dead, his noble deeds have survived him he was so generous and compassionate. In fact, at 25 Abdullah had accumulated little wealth of his own. The system of inheritancecustomaryamongtheArabsatthattimeallowedonlymaturepersonsto inherit. Everything Abdullah had done was for his father. All he had of his own to provideforAminahamountedtofivecamels,asmallflockofsheepandgoats,and Barakah.
TheBirthofMuhammad
AminahscousinHalah,whowasbynowpregnantwithAbdulMuttalibsson,[25] [25] took on much of her care. She was assisted by Abdul Muttalibs highly respected halfsister Shifa (Shaffah), the daughter of Salmah of Yathrib by her husbandAwfb.AbdulAwfofZuhrah.[26][26]TheywenttonurseAminahthrough thebirth. Shifarelatedthatduringthedeliveryshebecameawareofapresenceandhearda voice say: May God have mercy on you. Then, as Aminah gave her final huge
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effort,thebabymadehisentranceintotheworld,andslippedoutontotheearthface down, landing on his hands and knees. It was said that the infant boy was born circumcised,andhisnavelcordwasalreadyseveredandneedednocutting.[27][27] Allahknowsbest.Histinyhandseizedsomeoftheearth,andheraisedhisheadand lookedupattheskies.[28][28] Ifeltasifameteorcameoutofme,whichlituptheearth,Aminahsaid.Thelittle blackmaidrushedtopickhimup,washhim,andwraphimtenderly,thefirstperson toholdthenewbornbabyinherarms. Far away, in the oasis of Yathrib, a seven year old boy named Hasan b.Thabit (destined to become a famous poet), told how that night he had been startled into wakefulnessbyaJewshoutingfromtherooftopofoneofthefortressesthatastarhad risenunderwhichtheawaitedmessengerofGod,Ahmad,hadbeenborn.[29][29] Barakah found Abdul Muttalib sitting in the Hijr of the Kabah with his sons and friends, and announced the safe delivery of his new grandson. He hurried to Aminahsbedside,andsawthecircumcisedchild. Thischildofminewillmostcertainlyachievegreatness,heremarked.[30][30] On his first night, the baby was placed according to Quraysh tradition under an upturned pot vessel. In the morning they discovered the pot split into two and the babylyingwithhiseyeswideopen,gazingatthesky.[31][31] Aminah had told Abdul Muttalib all that she had heard and seen during her pregnancy, and what she was ordered to call the child. On the seventh day Abdul Muttalib took the baby to the Kabah, made sacrifice, and blessed him, and stood prayingtotheOneTrueGodtothankhimforthisgift.Hefetchedhisownyoungest son,thethreeyearoldAbbas,tokisshim. All praise to the Almighty, he said, Who has bestowed on me this pure boy. I entrusthimtothecareoftheAlmighty,theLordoftheKabah.IfonlyIcouldliveto seehimgrowtomaturitybutIseekrefugefromevilandthemaliceoftheenvious one. ThebabywasbornonaMonday,12th RabiulAwwal/2nd August,intheYearofthe Elephant,570CE.[32][32]HewasgiventhenameasthevoicehadbiddenAminah, Muhammed, a variant of Ahmad, meaning the praised one. After the celebratory feast,theyaskedAbdulMuttalibwhyhehadnotchosenafamilynameforthechild. BecauseIwantedGodtopraisehiminheaven,andHiscreaturestopraisehimon earth,hereplied. ThatbabywasdestinedtobecometheProphetofIslam,andwastochangethewhole historyoftheworld.
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[1][1]Muslim6079namesherasSummayah,butIbnSadnamesherasSafiyyahbintJunaydibb.Hujayr b.Zabbabb.Habibb.Suwaahb.Amirb.Sasaah,andIbnIshaqgivesthevariantSamrahbintJundubb. Hujayrb.Riabb.Habibb.Suwaab.Amirb.Sasaa,b.Muawiyyahb.Bakrb.Hawazinb.Mansurb. Ikrima(IbnIshaqp.708n97). [2][2]AdescendantofIsmailsfatherinlawwhohadthesamenamebutlivedconsiderablyearlier. [3][3]FatimahbintAmrb.Aidh(Ayidh)b.Imran(orAidhwasImran)b.Makhzumb.Yaqazahb.Murrah b.Kabb.Luayy.HermotherwasSakhrahbintAbdb.ImranofthesamelineandSakhrahsmotherwas TakhmurbintAbdb.Qusayy. [4][4]A kunyanameiswhenpeoplearecalledAbuorUmm(meaningfatheroformotherof),the nametakenfromtheireldestchild.AbuTalibwasthe kunya name of this Abdul Manaf, who was also calledAbdulKabah.InArabicgrammaticalrules,thewordAbuchangestoAbiwhenthewordIbnor son of is prefixed to the name so for example Ibn Abu Talib becomes Ibn Abi Talib. To avoid confusion,itisleftasAbuinthistext. [5][5]IbnKathir1.126,fromIbnIshaq. [6][6]Thepillarsor jamratatMinawhicharestonedbythepilgrimsduringthe HajjrepresentedShaytan, the origin of the rite being part of the story of Ibrahim (pbuh). He dreamed that God required him to sacrificehissonIsmail(pbuh),andwhenheawoketoldhissonthedream.Theybothagreedtocarryout what they believed to be the Lords will. Then the devil appeared in the guise of a man, and tempted Ibrahim(pbuh),hiswifeandsonnottogothroughwithit.Intheend,Ibrahim(pbuh)andIsmail(pbuh) threwstonesathimtomakehimleavethemalone.JustasIbrahim(pbuh)wasabouttosacrificeIsmail (pbuh),whoacceptedhisfateandlaydownwillinglytodie,GodrevealedthatHehadnotrequiredthis sacrificeIbrahim(pbuh)hadlongagoprovedhisfaithandobedience.ThefeastofEidalAdha,when each family sacrificed an animal and shared the meat with themselves and the poor was held every year afterthistocommemoratetheincident. [7][7]IbnKathir1.126IbnIshaqpp6768). [8][8]Tabari2.p174IbnSad1p.95. [9][9]WuhaybisalsofrequentlycalledUhayb. [10][10]Wahbb.AbdManafb.Zuhrahb.Kilab. [11][11] Barrah bint Abdul Uzzah b. Uthman b. Abd adDar b. Qusayy. Barrahs mother was Umm HabibbintAsadb.AbdulUzzahb.Qusayy.UmmHabibsmotherwasBarrahbintAwfb.Abidb.Awij b.Adiyb.Kabb.Luayy. [12][12]TheAlimEncyclopedia,BiographyofUmar. [13][13]WeknowtheProphet(pbuh)wasbornin570,andwas8whenAbdulMuttalibdiedattheageof 82thereforeAbdulMuttalibmusthavebeen74whenthedoublemarriagetookplace. [14][14]IftheProphet(pbuh)wasborninAugust570,hemusthavebeenconceivedinDecember569if hewasborninApril570,thenthemarriagemusthavebeeninJune569. [15][15]UmmQattalbintNawfalb.Asadb.AbdulUzzah.ShewasalsocalledRaqiqah.
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[16][16] He was famous for translating a Gospel into Arabic. His cousin, Khadijah, was destined to becometheProphetslifepartnerfor25years. [17][17] Ibn Kathir 1.127, from Ibn Ishaq. Presumably this was a case of Qutaylah desiring to marry Abdullah because she hoped to be the mother of a special child, rather than lustful and immodest behaviour. [18][18]AnothernarrativegivesasimilarstoryforafemaledivineroftheBanuTibalawhohadadopted Judaism,FatimahbintMurralKhathamiyyah.IbnKathir1.128IbnSad1.104. [19][19] She was also called Barakah bint Thalabah, his line being Thalabah b. Umar/Amr b. Hasan/Husaynb.Malikb.Salamahb.Umar/Amrb.NumanalHabashiyyah. [20][20]SheguessedAminahmustbealreadypregnant.(IbnIshaqp.69).Anotheraccountwasreported byIbnIshaqinwhichAbdullahhadvisitedaladyforintimacywithher,butsherejectedhimashehadnot bathed. She sent him away, and when he returned spruced up she no longer desired him as a blaze betweenhiseyeshadnowdisappeared. [21][21]ThishousewaslatergivenbytheProphet(pbuh)toAqilb.AbuTalib,whokeptituntilhedied. HissonsoldittoMuhammadb.Yusuf,thebrotherofalHajjaj,whoincorporateditintohisownhouse. LaterKhayzuranthewifeofCaliphalMahdi(15869AH)separateditoffagain,andmadeitintoamosque IbnIshaqp.70.IbelieveithasnowbeenmadeintoalibrarybytheSaudiWahhabisect. [22][22]Hinnahpatternsusuallytakearoundthreeweekstofadecompletely. [23][23]TheseunclesincludednotonlytherelativesofAbdullahsgrandmotherSalmahbintAmr,butalso the new husband of Aminahs stepmother Rughaybah Qays b. Amr, her brothers Asad, Sad and MasudthesonsofZurarah,andtheircousinsSad,Amr,IyasandAwsthesonsofMuadhb.Numan,as wellastherelativesofSalmahsfirsthusbandMalikb.Adiy. [24][24]IbnKathir1.146.NabighahwasQaysb.AbdullahofHawazin,nottobeconfusedwithNabighah alDhubyani(Ziyadb.Muawiyyah)apoetwhobecameaMuslim. [25][25]ThischildbecamethefamouswarriorHamzah,firstanenemytoIslamandthenoneofitsgreatest champions.MuslimsknowHamzahwastheProphetsuncle,butmanydonotrealisethathewasactually youngerthantheProphet. [26][26]IbnKathir1.72,148.ShifawaslaterthemotherofAbdurRahmanb.Awf. [27][27]IbnKathir1.149,fromBayhaqi.Heusedthewordsmakhtumandmasrur. [28][28]IbnKathir1.148,IbnSad1.111. [29][29]IbnKathir1.152fromIbnIshaq.SomefiftythreeyearslaterHasanmetMuhammad(pbuh),and convertedtoIslam. [30][30]IbnSad1.112,fromIbnAbbas. [31][31]IbnKathir1.150,fromBayhaqi.Later,Abbastoldhimhehadseenhiminthecradlewhispering tothe moon,andpointing with hisfinger, andthe Prophet (pbuh)replied thathe would talktoit,andit distractedhimfromcrying.
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[32][32] I have an alternative date of the 20th April. If he was born in August, he was conceived in December569ifhewasborninAprilhewasconceivedinJune569.
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The Prophet's Family Line

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The Prophet's Family Line

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Some Notes on the Jews and Christians in the Hijaz

Some Notes on the Jews and Christians in the Hijaz

Some Notes on the Jews and Christians in the Hijaz

Some Notes on the Jews and Christians in the Hijaz

Some Notes on the Jews and Christians in the Hijaz

Some Notes on the Jews and Christians in the Hijaz

Some Notes on the Jews and Christians in the Hijaz

The Genealogical Line of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

The Genealogical Line of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

The Genealogical Line of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

The Genealogical Line of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh)

The Prophets Family Line No

The Prophets Family Line No

The Prophets Family Line No

The Prophets Family Line No

Tragically,likehisfatherAbdulManaf beforehim,Hashimwasnotdestinedfora longlifebutdiedonatradingtriptoGaza inPalestinebeforehehadreachedtheage

The Prophets Family Line No

offorty(ie.before504).Hisbusiness passedtononeofhissons,buttohis brothers,thesonsofAtikahofthe Hawazin.

The Prophets Family Line No

The Prophets Family Line No 5 Abdul Muttalib

The Prophets Family Line No 5 Abdul Muttalib

hissisterandhismotherSalmah.[5][5]OnSalmahsbehalfeightyKhazrajhorsemenof Yathribralliedtodefendhersonscause[6][6],androdetoMakkahpreparedtofight. Nawfalwasputtoshameandbackeddown,obligedtoputrighthisnegligence.[7][7]

The Prophets Family Line No 5 Abdul Muttalib

The Prophets Family Line No 5 Abdul Muttalib

The Prophets Family Line No 5 Abdul Muttalib

The Prophets Family Line No 5 Abdul Muttalib

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