Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
=
3
3
1
(1)
And iI o
2
is the vertical deIormation obtained in the
model Irom the application oI the load F at a distance L,
then we can deIine the union stiIIness, R, as
1
2
= R (2)
SESSI ON 11, DESI GN 4
428
World Conference on Timber Engineering
Auckland New Zealand
15 - 19 July 2012
Bending stiffness ratio of the joint
0,000
0,010
0,020
0,030
0,040
0,050
0,060
0,070
0,080
0,090
0,100
0,110
0,120
0,130
0,140
0,150
2 4 6 8 10 12
Diameter Iag screws [mm]
S
t
i
f
f
n
e
s
s
r
a
t
i
o
Type 1
Type 2.1
Type 2.2
Figure 8: Comparative graph rigidity ratio between
different types of joints
The results can be seen in Figure 8. First oI all we can
see that the stiIIness value is small, maximum oI 15 oI
a completely Iixed union.
AIter, we see that joints type 1 and type 2.1 have a
similar rigidity and type 2.2 a higher one. That is, two
crowns oI screws make sense the Iirst crown is inclined
at 30 and the second at 45.
Also, the joint stiIIness is highly reduced iI the diameter
oI the screw is reduced to 4 mm in all kinds oI joints.
That means 6 mm diameter or more screws have to be
chosen.
Figure 9: Tensions in the horizontal direction [N/mm]
5.4 Analysis of the union against tensile load
We proceed to evaluate the axial load Ior this type oI
union, in this case a tension Iorce oI 120kN acting at the
end oI the element. Figures 9 and 10 show how the
screw crowns take the stresses and carry the Iorces
through the plate. Forces go Irom one part to the other
through screws and plates. In Figure 11 we can see how
screws take the Iorces.
Figure 10: Tensions in the vertical direction [N/mm]
Figure 11: Axial tension force on the screw [Mx=
8.37kN]
5.5 Studio deformation due to axial load
The study was perIormed to measure the axial
deIormation due to a series oI tension loads considering
various screw diameters (4, 6, 8 and 10 mm). See Figure
12 Ior the general model.
Figure 12: Axial tension force on the screws (3D)
Tension - Deformation
0,0000
0,2500
0,5000
0,7500
1,0000
1,2500
1,5000
1,7500
2,0000
2,2500
2,5000
2,7500
3,0000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Tension [kN]
A
x
ia
I d
e
f
o
r
m
a
t
io
n
[
m
m
]
Type 1. Screws 4mm Type 1. Screws 6mm Type 1. Screws 8mm Type 1. Screws 10mm
Type 2.1. Screws 4mm Type 2.1. Screws 6mm Type 2.1. Screws 8mm Type 2.1. Screws 10mm
Type 2.2. Screws 4mm Type 2.2. Screws 6mm Type 2.2. Screws 8mm Type 2.2. Screws 10mm
Figure 13: Diagram of axial strain versus tension
The Iirst conclusion, as can be seen in Iigure 13, is that
type 2, two crowns, have less deIormation and the
minimum is when the second crown is tilted 45.
The second one is that the bigger the screw diameter, the
less the deIormation.
Finally, that below 6 mm diameter screw there is a drop
oI the rigidity because oI the Ilexibility oI lower
diameters. The general behaviour is linear, like the
calculation.
This data must be checked experimentally in the next
steps oI research.
6 ~TELON
'Telon structure is the covering oI Iront between two
buildings oI the headquarters oI the Wood Furniture and
Packaging Technology Institute (AIDIMA). The
proposed structure is a space-like structure, consisting oI
tridimensional Irames and the enclosure with glass. That
will serve as a test Ior the construction oI the R&D
building.
This structure is a 54 m long and 8 m, oI which 30 m.
The extremes are supported on buildings and the central
part is only supported on the ground, see Iigure 14.
The structure consists oI GL24h glued laminated timber
and laminated glass; the structure is made oI wooden
Irames oI octagonal cross section oI side 80 mm and
with 12 mm laminated glass.
The Telon study was perIormed using linear and two-
dimensional Iinite elements; the behaviour oI the Telon
SESSI ON 11, DESI GN 4
429
World Conference on Timber Engineering
Auckland New Zealand
15 - 19 July 2012
has been analyzed by entering parameters Ior materials,
loads, combinations and the geometry oI the curtain
structure.
Numerical and experimental studies will allow their
construction. The experience will be used in the design
and construction oI the new AIDIMA`s R&D building.
Figure 14: Telon model
BeIore the real Telon a 1:5 escale model was made. This
is Iormed Ior 80 mm square pieces, see Iigure 15.
Figure 15: Telon prototype of the structure. Scale 1:5
7 CONCLUSIONS
The new joint timber will be used in the construction oI
the Telon structure, and will be a test Ior the construction
oI the Iuture AIDIMA R&D FORUM building.
Joints as described beIore can be used until 120 kN
tension Iorce. The best result is achieved with two screw
crowns, the inner one inclined at an angle oI 60 with the
horizontal, and the outer crown tilted at 45.
Screw diameter inIluences stiIIness oI the union. Screws
less than 6 mm minimum diameter are too much Ilexible
and have not useIul use.
Two crown oI screws has the best stiIIness and strength
behaviour
The 30 or 45 inclined screws present best
perIormance. That means longer length screws inside
timber increases stiIIness and strength
Screws behavior is like a screen wall. They collect
stresses Irom the timber Irames and lead between them
through the external steel plate. That way timber areas
near the Irame ends have stresses considerably reduced.
Screws take Iorces and stresses using its axial and
bending qualitiesThe new joint timber will be used in the
construction oI the Telon structure, and will be a test Ior
the construction oI the Iuture AIDIMA R&D FORUM
building.
8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This research has been perIormed in the Iramework oI
the Project "Development oI Mixed Construction
Systems with Glued Laminated Timber and Glass Ior
Light RooI Structures" ("Desarrollo de sistemas
constructivos mixtos de madera laminada encolada y
vidrio para estructuras ligeras de cubierta"), Iunded by
IMPIVA (Valencian Institute oI Small and Medium-
Sized Industry) and co-Iunded by FEDER Iunds Irom the
European Union.
9 REFERENCES
|1| Arguelles-Alvarez, R.; et alii: Estructuras de
Madera. Diseo y calculo. AITIM, Spain R.
Mahnken. A Newton-multigrid algorithm Ior elasto-
plastic/viscoplastic problems. Comp. Mechs.,
15:408-425, 1995.
|2| Angeli A: Cubiertas y estructuras de Madera.
ROTHOBLAAS. April 2009
|3| Eurocode 5: Design oI timber structures. European
Committee Ior Standardization (CEN), 2005.
|4| Eurocode 3: Design oI steel structures. Part 1-5:
Plated structural elements, European Committee
Ior Standardization (CEN), 2006.
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