Workholding Devices for Machine Tools

Introduction
Workholding devices = JIGS and FIXTURES HOLD and LOCATE

Introduction
Workholding devices have become more flexible they are able to hold more than 1 part of the material they can be changed rapidly

Conventional Design
Two Primary Functions Considered in Designing Workholding Devices LOCATING - refers to orienting and positioning
CLAMPING - refers to holding

Conventional Design
Dimensions SIZE Dimension - denotes size of geometrical shapes LOCATION Dimension - determine the position or location

Conventional Design
JIG - determines the location dimensions - guides tools and holds the work

Conventional Design
FIXTURE - establishes size dimensions - holds the work

Conventional Design

Design Steps
Analyze workpiece and visualize operations. Determine the orientation of workpiece. Estimate magnitude and direction of forces. Study standard devices available. Form a mental picture and make a 3-D sketch of the workpiece with the workholder. Make a sketch of the workholder and workpiece in the machine tool.

Design Steps
3-2-1 LOCATION PRINCIPLE

Design Steps

Clamping Consideration
Why should it be considered? closely related to support of the work induces some stresses can cause some distortion

Clamping Consideration

Chip Disposal
Why is this essential? Heat will not be carried away and tool life can be decreased. So that they do not interfere with the proper seating of the work in the fixture.

JIGS

JIGS serves as guides

There are several basic forms for jigs, some of the basic types are:
Plate Jig Channel Jig Ring Jig Leaf Jig Box Jig Universal Jigs

 Plate Jigs- simplest

Channel Jigs- for simple shaped parts only!

JIGS
Ring Jigs - For drilling round parts
Leaf Jigs

JIGS
Box Jigs- most common and accurate

JIGS
Universal Jigs - reduces cost - easier to use

FIXTURES

Conventional Fixtures
A Vise are general purpose fixtures mounted on subplates and can have their jaws interchanged base on part geometry.
Lathe Chucks are general purpose fixtures for rotational parts

Vise most common

- Modified to conform to the 321 location principle

Conventional Fixtures
Chucks - general purpose fixtures for rotational parts
- 3 jaw jacob, self centering - collet - quick change

JIGS vs FIXTURE
In contact with the tool For guide and control For location and movement Acts as a pattern Never comes in direct contact with tool Holds the tool firmly in place Aligns workpiece

JIG

FIXTURES

Modular Fixturing
Versatile Increases capabilities by fixturing more than one part Reduces cost of designing and building workholders Reduces overhead cost (storage and maintenance) Used for prototype tooling and small-batch production runs

Modular Fixtures

Set-up and Changeover

Rapid exchange of workholding devices Reduction in setup times permits shorter production runs

Set-up and Changeover

Master Jig Customizable jigs that uses the group technology concept

Set-up and Changeover

Intermediate Jig Intermediate fixture acting as an adapter

Clamps
Used to secure the workpiece in place Manual clamps or Power-actuated clamps

Clamps
Manual Clamps

Clamps
Power Actuated Clamps More consistent than Manual Clamps Automatic adjustment

Other Workholding Devices

Assembly Jigs Uses some type of fastening equipment like welding or riveting Assembly of multiple components

Other Workholding Devices

Magnetic Workholders
Used for ferromagnetic materials Clamping force is distributed evenly Commonly used for thin sheets that are hard to clamp Demagnetizing of the work is necessary

Other Workholding Devices

Electrostatic Workholders
Similar to magnetic workholders, except this can be used with any electrically conductive material No residual magnetism in the work

Other Workholding Devices

Vacuum Chucks Uses vacuum to keep the workpiece secure

QUIZ