Primary Sources Cong, Nguyen Hoan. "Why I Escaped from Vietnam." Newsweek 31 Oct. 1 !!" n. page. #rint.

$he artic%e "Why I Escaped from Vietnam", &y Hoan Cong Nguyen, is a persona% te%%ing of Nguyen e'periences escaping Vietnam and coming to (merica. His story he%ps my partner and I &ui%d a &etter connection )ith his fee%ings and hardships of Vietnamese refugees. "*ec%aration of Independence." Declaration of Independence. N.p., n.d. We&. +, -ar. +.1/. -y partner and I are using the *ec%aration of Independence to compare it to the Vietnamese *ec%aration of Independence, to see ho) they are simi%ar and different. 0ord Ham. #au% Ha%sa%%, n.d. We&. / 1an. +.1/. $he fo%%o)ing document is an o&2ect %esson in the use of En%ightenment idea% that Hoi Chi -in preached during the 1 th century. $his speech )as in hope to create stronger nationa%ism idea%s. It he%ps us understand the propaganda of preached &y communist %eaders. 3ie&%, Christian, trans. "3etter to O%d #eop%e." Ho Chi Minh. -ar'ist, n.d. We&. + *ec. +.13. "3etter to O%d #eop%e" is a short speech on ho) the ro%e of the e%ders of Vietnam changed. It first states that )hen a person &ecomes o%d, they must %i4e in 5uietness &ecause they ha4e no more am&itions. $he younger generation shou%d hand%e the current affairs that are around them. 6ut, the spea7er then e'presses his discontent )ith the notion, saying it is unpatriotic. $hat peop%e %i7e -a 0u #o from China and 3y $huong 8iet, e4en though they are sti%% in their o%d age, are sti%% energetic and heroic. E4en though the o%d cannot do hea4y )or7 %i7e the young, they )i%% &e there to encourage them and impart their e'periences to them. -y partner and I hope to %earn ho) the e%ders of Vietnam inf%uenced the younger generation.

-inh, Ho Chi. "(ppea% -ade on the Occasion of the 0ounding of the Indochinese Communist #arty." Hong 8ong. Hong 8ong. 1, 0e&. 1 3.. 9peech. $he "(ppea% -ade on the Occasion of the 0ounding of the Indochinese Communist #arty" gi4en &y Ho Chi -inh himse%f )i%% he%p my partner and I understand )hat &asis Ho Chi -inh created to 2ustify the communist ta7eo4er in Vietnam. $his specific speech appea%s to the decision to create a Communist #arty, and ho%ds crucia% information in understanding Ho Chi -in himse%f, and his idea%s he preached.

$ran, $immie. #ersona% inter4ie). +/ No4. +.13. $immie $ran:s inter4ie) focuses on the hardships he faced as a chi%d and his arri4a% to (merica. $ran te%%s us a&out the hardships he faced )ith education in communist ru%ed Vietnam; he 7ne) that %i4ing under the ru%e of Communist %eader, he )ou%d not &e a&%e to create a %ife he )anted. -y partner and I hope to %earn ho) the education )as, and rights he %ost during his schoo% years in Vietnam. "Vietnamese *ec%aration of Independence." Vietnamese Declaration of Independence. N.p., n.d. We&. + -ar. +.1/. -y partner and I can see ho) the Vietnamese *ec%aration of Independence is a%most simi%ar to the (merican *ec%aration of Independence. $he document sho)s ho) the 6ritish go4ernment a&used the Vietnamese, 2ust %i7e the 6ritish a&used the (mericans. -y partner and I hope to %earn )hat the Vietnamese peop%e had gone through for their strugg%e to)ards independence.

Secondary Sources "<. =ears On, Vietnamese >emem&er 3and >eform $error." Radio Free Asia. >adio 0ree (sia, , (ug. +..?. We&. +. Oct. +.13 @<. =ears On, Vietnamese >emem&er 3and >eform $errorA focuses on a specific terrifying incident in the communist ta7eo4er of Vietnam. $he 3and >eform incident is a genocide that )as inf%icted upon the Vietnamese peop%e, &y a go4ernment campaign. $he go4ernment a&used their po)er &y torturing and 7i%%ing innocent peop%e &ased on c%assBdiscrimination. $his specific incident he%ps us rea%iCe ho) the Vietnamese pu&%icDs rights )ere ta7en a)ay, &y the ru%ing Communist #artyB a go4ernment that a&used their po)er. $he Communist #arty had no po%itica% rationa%e for %aunching the campaign, and it sho)s us the %ac7 of responsi&i%ity of the go4ernment to %aunch an unnecessary campaign, )hich resu%ted in thousands of deaths, against their o)n pu&%ic. $he campaign on%y sho)ed the &ruta%ity of the Communist #arty in Vietnam, and sho)s my partner and I ho) the Vietnamese go4ernment )as irresponsi&%e enough to %aunch a use%ess campaign that )as detrimenta% to its peop%e.

50 Years of Vietnamese Comm nist Crime. N.p., n.d. We&. +. Oct. +.13. "<. =ears of Vietnamese Communist Crimes", sho)s )hat the Communist party has done to de4astate Vietnam. $hey ha4e ta7en the most &asic rights of a citiCen. $hey ha4e used propaganda to gi4e the image that the Communist party is )hat is &est for the country. $he Communist party has ruined education, restricts re%igion, 7i%%ing fie%ds, and ruins the Vietnamese economy. -y partner and I hope to %earn )hat the Communist party has done to the country of Vietnam, and see ho) its de4astation encouraged peop%e to immigrate to (merica.

!attlefield" Vietnam. #69, n.d. We&. +. Oct. +.13. "6att%efie%d" Vietnam", gi4es up a &rief history on )hy Vietnam sp%it into North Vietnam and 9outh Vietnam, and gi4es an introduction on ho) the Vietnam War started. -y partner and I hope to gain more insight on the &eginning of change in Vietnam, and ho) it )ou%d affect the Vietnamese peop%e.

Corr ption# Comm nism# and Catholicism in Vietnam. (cton Institute, 1+ (ug. +.. . We&. +. Oct. +.13. "Corruption, Communism, and Catho%icism in Vietnam", sho) ho) corrupted the Communist party has &ecome. Catho%icism in Vietnam is the &iggest re%igious minority in Vietnam. (%so, it is the re%igion that is most antiBcommunism. $he Communist party has e4en set up "reBeducation" camps, to try to forci&%y change the )ay of thin7ing on an ordinary Vietnamese person. ( &ig pro&%em right no) is the corruption going on the Communist go4ernment. $he go4ernment has &een ta7ing peasantDs %and, and auctioning it off to the highest &idder. -y partner and I hope to %earn the corruption in the Communist party, and ho) it is affecting the peop%e of Vietnam.

*o, (nh, $ran #han, and Eugene Earcia. "*art Center for 1ourna%ism and $rauma." Camp $%0& D" 'he ( r)i)ors. Co%um&ia 1ourna%, + (pr. +..1. We&. .3 *ec. +.13. "Camp F3.B*" $he 9ur4i4ors", gi4es &ac7ground information on the reeducation camps p%aced in Vietnam. O4er 1 mi%%ion 9outh Vietnamese faced death and torture fo%%o)ing the )ar that tore apart fami%ies, countries, and generation. $he authors tried to get as many inter4ie)s )ith peop%e )ho )ere forced into the reeducation camps. -ost dec%ined, &ecause they feared the repercussions the inter4ie) )ou%d ha4e on their re%ati4e sti%% in Vietnam. $hose )ho did do the inter4ie) hid )hen the authors 7noc7ed on their doors to inter4ie) them. -y partner and I hope to %earn )hy peop%e sti%% do not )ant to ta%7 the reeducation camps in Vietnam today. (nd %earn ho) the Vietnamese go4ernment insti%%s fear into those )ho )ere in the reeducation camps. *o, #eter Van. DI*M VAN N+,. 'he Reed cation Camp (tor- of A ./(/ Resident and (o th Vietnamese Veteran. N.p., n.d. We&. "$he >eeducation Camp 9tory of ( G.9. >esident and 9outh Vietnamese Veteran" is a mi' of an ora% history and an informati4e paper on the reeducation in Vietnam. He first inter4ie)s *iem Van Ngo )ho is a se4entyBthree year o%d Vietnamese (merican amateur song)riter, )hom has retired. *uring this inter4ie), Ngo most%y ta%7ed a&out the typica% dai%y %ife in the reeducation camps, his in4o%4ement )ithin the (>VN, his immigration to the G.9., and his mi%itary sponsored education in Ne) 1ersey and North Caro%ina. -y partner and I hope to %earn ho) se4er the reeducation camps )ere and ho) he escaped Vietnam to on%y come &ac7 to fight in the )ar.

*d cation in Vietnam. $he Economist, 3. 9ept. +.1.. We&. +. Oct. +.13. "Education in Vietnam", sho)s ho) e4en though there are scho%ars in Vietnam, 4ery fe) decide to stay in Vietnam to teach. $his is &ecause the schoo% system is considered to &e archaic. $he teaching sty%es are outdated, there is a strong censorship of information, and teachers teaching in a communist appro4ed )ay seem @fitA. E4en though Vietnam spends more money than its 9outheastern (sian neigh&ors on education, the %ac7 of ade5uate teachers and teaching faci%ities ma7es educationa% reforms a%most impossi&%e. -y partner and I hope to understand )hy the Vietnamese peop%e emigrated from Vietnam to (merica in order to get an education that )ou%d not &e possi&%e in Vietnam.

*0aminin1 2eaders of North and (o th Vietnam. 1ohn Wi%ey H 9ons, n.d. We&. +. Oct. +.13. @E'amining the 3eaders of North and 9outh VietnamA focuses on the %eaders of North and 9outh Vietnam, )hich e4entua%%y resu%ted in the separations of the country, as )e%% as the Vietnam War. $he artic%e te%%s a&out each %eader, their origins )ith go4ernment sty%es, and their rise to po)er in each perspecti4e Vietnamese hemisphere. 6y reading the &ac7ground of each %eader, it he%ps my partner and I form an understanding a&out each indi4idua% and they:re reasoning and inf%uences.

E%uc7man, >on. "Vietnam >e4isited." 35 Years after the 4ar# Vietnam 4ants to Mo)e on. N.p., n.d. We&. .3 *ec. +.13. "Vietnam >e4isited", is an artic%e on ho) Vietnam has changed. Economica%%y, the country of Vietnam is poor. ( hote% manager )ho )or7s in the capita% on%y earns I<. month%y. $he young peop%e ha4e no dream to stay in Vietnam. -ost of the young peop%eDs dreams are," to study at night and get a 2o& )ith a foreign company". His moti4ation is that he hopes to ma7e I+.. a month. (nother pro&%em faced in Vietnam is getting a 2o&. #art of the pro&%em stems from the painfu% transformation of stateBrun firms into 4ia&%e enterprises. -y partner and I hope to %earn ho) the past has affected the current and future state of Vietnam. Hic7ey, Eera%d C. "Vietnam." !ritannica. Encyc%opedia 6ritannica, n.d. We&. + *ec. +.13. $he artic%e "Vietnam" on 6ritannica gi4es a detai%ed description of the current situation in Vietnam and ho) their go4ernment )or7s. E'amining the historica% e4ents that %ead up to the a&use of human rightsB and a go4ernment that fai%ed to fo%%o) its responsi&i%itiesB are important, &ut e'amining their outcomes is important a%so. -y partner and I can use this information to conc%ude our presentation.

Histor- of Immi1ration from Vietnam. 9imp%y Wood, n.d. We&. +. Oct. +.13. "History of Immigration from Vietnam", sho)s )hy the Vietnamese peop%e f%ed from Vietnam, the sheer mass of the Vietnamese peop%e coming to (merica, and the hardships of tra4e%ing &y &oat to (merica. $he Vietnamese peop%e had to tra4e% &y poor%y constructed &oats. $hese &oats carried peop%e that &are%y had any supp%ies, and o4ercro)ded )ith peop%e )ho )anted to escape Vietnam. -y partner and I hope to gain 7no)%edge on the hardships coming to (merica on a &oat, and )hy they )ent through so much to come to (merica.

"Ho Chi -inh J1, .B1 ? K." 66C Ne)s. 66C, n.d. We&. < 1an. +.1/. "Ho Chi -inh J1, .B1 ? K" pro4ides historica% &ac7ground on Ho Chi -inh. $he artic%e te%%s us a&out his adu%thood, and ho) he %earned a&out communism. It a%so sho)s ho) he fought against the 0rench, and ho) he founded the Viet -inh. -y partner and I hope to %earn )hy he esta&%ished the Viet -inh to get rid of 0rench oppressors.

"Ho Chi -inh J1, .B1 ? K." !!C News. 66C, n.d. We&. < 1an. +.1/. "Ho Chi -inh J1, .B1 ? K" pro4ides historica% &ac7ground on Ho Chi -inh. $he artic%e te%%s us a&out his adu%thood, and ho) he %earned a&out communism. It a%so sho)s ho) he fought against the 0rench, and ho) he founded the Viet -inh. -y partner and I hope to %earn )hy he esta&%ished the Viet -inh to get rid of 0rench oppressors. "Ho Chi -inh." (partac s *d cational. 9partacus Education, n.d. We&. / *ec. +.13. "Ho Chi -inh" gi4es an a%most comprehensi4e &iography on Ho Chi -inh. It goes from his ear%y chi%dhood, and ho) he opposed 0rench >u%e to him pa4ing the )ay for Vietnamese independence from foreign po)ers. -y partner and I hope to %earn the ear%y mindset of Ho Chi -inh and ho) it stemmed into his adu%thood. -inh, Ho Chi. "Vietnamese *ec%aration of Independence, 1 /<." Fordham .ni)ersit-. 0ordham Gni4ersity, 1 !!. We&. + *ec. +.13. $he "Vietnamese *ec%aration of Independence, 1 /<" informs my partner and I a&out the foundation of the Vietnamese go4ernment after Vietnam rec%aimed its independence from 0rance. (n important part of understanding the historica% turning points that %ead to the 4io%ation of human rights is to read the documents that changed a society fore4er. $he Vietnamese *ec%aration of Independence is one of those documents that shou%d not &e o4er %oo7ed )hen researching our pro2ect.

Nguyen, Van Canh, and Ear%e Cooper. Vietnam nder Comm nism# 5675&5683. N.p." Hoo4er, n.d. #rint. Vietnam nder Comm nism# 5675& 5683, &y Van Canh Nguyen, and Ear%e Cooper, is an ana%ysis of the contemporary po%itica% and administrati4e structure of Vietnam, and its %eaders, cu%ture, education, economy, and foreign po%icy. $he &oo7 focuses on Vietnam during this time period, as opposed to the Gnited 9tates in4o%4ementB that is common%y the main foca% point. Nguyen and Cooper he%p us understand VietnamDs structure during the Vietnam War and ho) it affected society, and the rights of Vietnamese citiCens as )e%% as )hether or not the go4ernment too7 the responsi&i%ity of he%ping its )ar aff%icted nation. ( go4ernmentDs responsi&i%ity it to pro4ide peace and prosperity to its nation and throughout this &oo7 my partner and I see the de4astation &rought upon a nation &y its irresponsi&%e go4ernment.

#rager, *ennis. "In Vietnam, Hating Communism (ne)." National Re)iew. Nationa% >e4ie) On%ine, 1< 0e&. +.11. We&. + *ec. +.13. $his artic%e, "In Vietnam, Hating Communism (ne)" &y *ennis #rager, is his o)n persona% fee%ings a&out Communism in Vietnam. #rager 4istied Vietnam, and immersed himse%f into the society. -y partner and I are a&%e to connect on a more persona% %e4e% )ith the impact Communism has had on Vietnam through #ragerDs artic%e. #rager is a foreigner %i7e my partner and I, and %i7e a ora% history, this document he%ps us &etter connect )ith the peop%e in Vietnam that %i4e under communist ru%e.

$ran , #eter H. "Vietnamese CitiCens of Vietnam War #eter H. $ran." Vietnamese Citi9ens of Vietnam 4ar. N.p., n.d. We&. .3 *ec. +.13. "Vietnamese CitiCens of Vietnam War", &y #eter H. $ran is a )e&page that sho)s ho) Communism affected the peop%e of Vietnam. Ho Chi -inh, a%so 7no)n as Gnc%e Ho" is credited to &ringing Communism in Vietnam. $he artic%e a%so pro4ides a &rief history of Vietnam, and ho) Gnc%e Ho fought against the 0rench to imp%ement communism in Vietnam. 6y imp%ementing communism into the country, it made the peop%e %i4es )orse. It separated po%itica% po)ers and &order, %eading to chaos )ithin the country. -y partner and I hope to %earn ho) communism has effect Vietnam in a negati4e )ay.

"Viet Nam Luoc *an *ang JVNL**K JVietnamese >e4o%utionary OrganiCationK."*nc-clopedia !ritannica ,nline. Encyc%opedia 6ritannica, n.d. We&. +? *ec. +.13. "Viet Nam Luoc *an *ang" sho)s one of the first %argeBsca%e re4o%utionary nationa%ist organiCations in Vietnam. It pro4ides a &rief history ho) the party )as esta&%ished. It a%so descri&es the =en 6ai uprising that occurred on 0e&. , and ho) it destroyed the party. -y partner and I hope to %earn a&out an organiCation that tried to stand up to the 0rench &ut fai%ed. "Vietnam B #o%itica% Cu%ture." Vietnam & :olitical C lt re. N.p., n.d. We&. .3 *ec. +.13. "VietnamB#o%itica% Cu%ture", sho)s ho) communism has affected the Vietnamese economy. Vietnam po%itica% cu%ture has encouraged iso%ation. $his iso%ation is partia%%y a resu%t of the ideo%ogy that has created se%fBimposed po%itica% &arriers )ith the )est. Communist ideo%ogy, particu%ar%y as manipu%ated &y the Vietnamese %eadership, has a%so he%ped to shape VietnamDs po%itica% cu%ture. $he countryDs communist %eaders ha4e &een adept at stressing the continuity of -ar'istB3eninist doctrine )ith Vietnamese history. When North Vietnam )on the )ary, they panned a rapid and tota% transformation of the 9outh. 6ut, this )as a%% an idea, and cou%d not &e supported &ecause of the %ac7 of funds and socia% resistances. -y partner and I hope to %earn ho) the go4ernment )as &efore the )ar and after and ho) communism has se4ere%y affected the po%itica% cu%ture.

Vietnam& 'he (ociet- and *n)ironment. -onga&ay, n.d. We&. +. Oct. +.13. "VietnamB $he 9ociety and Its En4ironment", sho) ho) the Communist party great%y affected the Vietnamese peop%e. $he artic%e ta%7s a&out the Vietnamese popu%ation, the socia% system in North and 9outh Vietnam, and the ro%es of a person in a fami%y, hea%th, and the economy. -y partner and I hope to %earn a&out ho) the Communist changed a%most a%% aspects of %ife on a traditiona% Vietnamese fami%y.

"Viet Nam Luoc *an *ang JVNL**K JVietnamese >e4o%utionary OrganiCationK." *nc-clopedia !ritannica ,nline. Encyc%opedia 6ritannica, n.d. We&. +? *ec. +.13. "Viet Nam Luoc *an *ang" sho)s one of the first %argeBsca%e re4o%utionary nationa%ist organiCation in Vietnam. It pro4ides a &rief history ho) the party )as esta&%ished. It a%so descri&es the =en 6ai uprising that occurred on 0e&. , and ho) it destroyed the party. -y partner and I hope to %earn a&out an organiCation that tried to stand up to the 0rench &ut fai%ed. "VIE$ LGOC." 'he Histor-. N.p., n.d. We&. / 1an. +.1/. "VIE$ LGOC" or VNL** )as esta&%ished as a secret re4o%utionary party. Its primary o&2ecti4es inc%uded armed uprising aimed at topp%ing the 0rench co%onia%ist regime a%% o4er Vietnam to gain independence for its 0ather%and and democracy as )e%% as happiness for its peop%e. In a fe) years, its mem&ership gre) 5uic7%y into a %arge party that dre) the 0rench authoritiesD &ruta% suppression. -y partner and I hope to %earn the different organiCations that tried to get rid of the 0rench oppressors. "Vietnam B GN*E> 0>ENCH >G3E." Vietnam & .ND*R FR*NCH R.2*. N.p., n.d. We&. 1. 1an. +.1/. "GN*E> 0>ENCH >G3E", this sho)s the point of 4ie) from the 0rench side. $he 0rench thought that it )ou%d &e hard to ta7e Vietnam, &ut to their surprise, it )as easy. It a%so sho)s ho) the 0rench easi%y too7 the capita% Hanoi. -y partner and I hope to %earn the different perspecti4es in Vietnam. "VIE$ LGOC." 'he Histor-. N.p., n.d. We&. / 1an. +.1/. "VIE$ LGOC" or VNL** )as esta&%ished as a secret re4o%utionary party. Its primary o&2ecti4es inc%uded armed uprising aimed at topp%ing the 0rench co%onia%ist regime a%% o4er Vietnam to gain independence for its 0ather%and and democracy as )e%% as happiness for its peop%e. In a fe) years, its mem&ership gre) 5uic7%y into a %arge party that dre) the 0rench authoritiesD &ruta% suppression. -y partner and I hope to %earn the different organiCations that tried to get rid of the 0rench oppressors.

Whitman, (%den. "Ho Chi -inh Was Noted for 9uccess in 6%ending Nationa%ism and Communism." ,n 'his Da-. Ne) =or7 $imes, n.d. We&. "Ho Chi -inh Was Noted for 9uccess in 6%ending Nationa%ism and Communism" is an o&ituary. $his artic%e sho)s )hat successfu% things in his %ifetime; such as getting rid of the 0rench oppressor, and his a&i%ity to spea7 Eng%ish f%uent%y. -y partner and I hope to %earn a&out Ho Chi -inh %egacy to his peop%e. "Wor7ers #arty of Vietnam." 'heFreeDictionar-/com. 0ar%e', n.d. We&. 13 *ec. +.13. "Wor7ers #arty of Vietnam" sho)s one of the ear%iest 7no)n po%itica% parties during the 0rench administration. It e'p%ains ho) the party de4e%oped, and )hat things they did to pa4e the )ay to freedom. $he artic%e a%so sho)s the party e4o%4ed o4er time. -y partner and I hope to understand ho) the parties: agenda )ere app%ied to the country of Vietnam.

Images A French Colon ;settler< and His Vietnamese 4ife and (er)ants. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. $his photo sho)s that e4en though the 0rench too7 o4er Vietnam, there )as cu%tura% mi'ing )ithin the country. An Aristocrat. N.d. #hotograph. Vietnam. (n aristocrat )ith his ser4ants. Ao $edon1 ;25< and $ho *nlai ;R3< 4arml- +reeted Chairman Ho Chi Minh. 1 <<. #hotograph. N.p. #hoto sho)s chi%dren presenting f%o)ers to Ho Chi -inh, sho)ing ho) gratefu% the peop%e are to Ho Chi -inh. !ene)olent 2eader. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. $his is a propaganda poster of Ho Chi -inh. $his poster ma7es Ho Chi -inh %oo7 %i7e a nice person, and a%so ma7ing him %oo7 %i7e he is pa4ing the )ay to prosperity. Cagnoni, >omano. Ho Chi Minh and :han Van Don1. N.d. #hotograph. Hanoi. $he (>VN genera% )ith the communist Ho Chi -inh. Carr-in1 the Famil-. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. $his photo sho)s ho) parents )ere affected &y the )ar. $hey had to mo4e around to stay a)ay from the 4io%ence &rought upon &y the )ar. Children (oldiers. 1 ?,. Vietnam. $he Viet Cong emp%oyed chi%dren to fight for them. $he Viet Cong used ad4enture and food as incenti4es from them to 2oin the army. Comm nist Vietnamese&2ao&=hmer Meetin1. N.d. Vietnam. Communist %eader ha4ing a meeting )ith %eaders from neigh&oring countries. *enimarc7, 8atie. Declaration of Independence. N.d. N.p. Image of the *ec%aration of Independence.

0ass, Horst/De)astation. 1 ?<. N.p. $his photo )as ta7en after the 6om&ing of the (merican Em&assy in 9aigon on -arch 3., 1 ?<, )here 1 Vietnamese and + (mericans )ere 7i%%ed. 0aas, Horst. +a9in1 .pon Massacre. 1 ? . *ien 6ai Vi%%age. ( young 9outh Vietnamese )oman co4ers her mouth as she stares into a mass gra4e )here 4ictims of a reported Viet Cong massacre )ere &eing e'humed near *ien 6ai 4i%%age, east of Hue, in (pri% 1 ? . *m>ass- 4all. N.d. Vietnam. Vietnamese try to enter the safe Cone in the (merican Em&assy. *)ac ation. N.d. 9outh Vietnam. $he G9 mi%itary e4acuated 9outh Vietnamese officia%s and their fami%ies as Communist forces surrounded 9aigon. -any of these ci4i%ians %ater migrated to the Gnited 9tates.

+reat Famine. 1 //. #hotograph. Vietnam. $his photo sho)s the great famine in Vietnam. We chose this picture is sho)s the suffering of the Vietnamese peop%e at this point in time. Huet, Henri. Viet Con1 + errilla ( spects. 1 ??. N.p. Viet Cong guerri%%a suspects %ed &y G9 infantrymen to an interrogation point near 3ong $hanh, /. mi%es south)est of 9aigon Ho Chi Minh. 1 +.. #hotograph. N.p. $his photo ho) Ho Chi -inh used his %oo7s to p%ay the peop%e. He %oo7s %i7e any ordinary Vietnamese person, )earing regu%ar c%othes. Ho Chi Minh and +eor1es !ida lt. 1 /?. #hotograph. Vietnam. $his is a photo )here Ho Chi -inh and Eeorge 6idau%t 2ust ha4e had a meeting together.

Ho Chi Minh# 2eader of the Comm nist :art- of Vietnam. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. $his is a propaganda poster sho)ing Ho Chi -inh as a great %eader. Ho Chi Minh. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. ( photo of Ho Chi -inh. Ho Chi Minh. N.d. #hotograph. Vietnam. ( photo of Ho Chi -inh. Ho Chi Minh?s Declaration of Independence of Vietnam. 1 /<. #hotograph. Vietnam. $his photo sho)s Ho Chi -inh proc%aiming the independence of Vietnam. Independence 2eader :ict re. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. Ho Chi -inh gi4ing a speech on %i&erating Vietnam. 2ed Awa-. N.d. Vietnam. ( suspected Viet Cong mem&er is &eing %ed a)ay &y (merican troops. Mai with Her +randmother in 'heir =ratie (l m Ho se. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. ( chi%d )ho is %i4ing in the s%ums.

Mem>ers of the ,/(/(/ Deer 'eam with Viet Minh 2eaders. 1 /<. #hotograph. N.p. ( group of 0rench men sitting )ith future communist %eaders %i7e Ho Chi -inh. Vie)ers can see the discontent Ho Chi -inh has for the 0rench. -ott, 1ustin. A (l m in Ho Chi Minh Cit-. N.d. #hotograph. Ho Chi -inh. $his photo sho)s the current status of Vietnam. One can see the a)fu% %i4ing conditions the peop%e ha4e to face to sur4i4e. Napoleon III. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. ( photograph of Napo%eon, an oppressor of the Vietnamese peop%e.

Nh@n1 N1ABi 'hCnh 2Dp Nam EFn1 'hA GH. 1 +<. #hotograph. Hanoi. Eroup of the high c%ass citiCens in Vietnam. North Vietnam !om>in1. N.d. #hotograph. North Vietnam. ( chi%d carrying a rusty &uc7et is %oo7ing for )ater after the &om&ing. North Vietnamese Nationalist 2eader Ho Chi Minh. N.d. #hotograph. Hu%ton (rchi4es, n.p. ( photo of Ho Chi -inh. #eyrin, Char%es. ,ld :hotos of Vietnam from 5630&%0. +.1+. #hotograph. N.p. $hese photos sho) ho) %ife )as &ac7 in the 1 +.B1 3.s. We used these photos to sho) %ife %i7e &ac7 in the 1 +.B1 3.s. #opp%er, 8atie. +..,. #hotograph. N.p. ( )omen ma7ing a %i4ing off of co%%ecting trash. :resident Ho Chi Minh?s (peech and the :arade at !a Dinh (I are. 1 /<. #hotograph. *inh 95uare. $his photo sho)s Ho Chi -inh reading the *ec%aration of Independence of Vietnam. :ropa1anda Ho Chi Minh. N.d. Vietnam. ( propaganda poster of Ho Chi -inh. Ref 1ees. 1 !<. #hotograph. N.p. $his photo sho)s the refugees during the Vietnam War. >i&ound, -arc. Ho Chi Minh. 1 ?,. #hotograph. N.p. Ho Chi -inh gi4ing a speech. (o th Vietnamese 4oman Mo rns o)er the !od- of Her H s>and. 1 ? . #hotograph. $his sho)s the mass gra4es that )ere produce )hen the communist started 7i%%ing peop%e )ho did not support the go4ernment.

(tar)ed Vietnamese Man. 1 ??. #hotograph. N.p. $his sho)s ho) the North se4ere%y reprehended the 9outh for not o&eying them. $he North star4ed the 9outh, ma7ing the 9outh ship most of their food to the North. (t ck !ehind !ars. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. ( young &oy is &ehind &ars. 'et ,ffensi)e De)astation. 1 ?,. #hotograph. N.p. $his photos sho) the de4astation from the )ar and ho) it affected fami%ies. $etu, #hi%. Ho Chi Minh Cit- ,ld 2ad-. +.1+. #hotograph. Ho Chi -inh. (n o%d %ady at the end of a hard day:s )or7. 'he Vietnam :ropa1anda .nit of 2i>eration Arm-. 1 //. Vietnam. $he Vietnam #ropaganda Gnit of 3i&eration (rmy, forerunner of the V#(, esta&%ished on *ecem&er ++nd 1 //. $homaCi. 2a ConI Jte De 2?Indochine. 1 3/. #hotograph. N.p. ( map of Cochinchina. 'onkin. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. ( group of Vietnamese so%diers ta7ing a photo )ith a 0rench man. 'wo Vietnamese +irls. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. $)o Vietnamese gir%s stand in an empty fie%d, facing the harsh rea%ity of )ar. .ncle Ho with Children. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. Ho Chi -inh is sitting )ith chi%dren, ma7ing him %oo7 %i7e a &ene4o%ent %eader. .( Air Force :,4 on :arade in North Vietnam. 1 !.. N.p. Gnited 9tates (ir 0orce 0irst 3ieutenant 3. Hughes is paraded through the city streets after &eing shot do)n &y the North Vietnamese.

Victor- :arade " Citi9ens of Hanoi. 1 </. N.p. ( parade ce%e&rating the )ithdra)a% from 0rench ru%e. Vietnamese Declaration of Independence. N.d. Vietnam. #amph%et of the Vietnamese *ec%aration of Independence

Vietnam Famine. 1 /<. #hotograph. N.p. Chi%dren %oo7ing for food in the streets. $his is )hat 7ids had to do to sur4i4e during the )ar. Vietnamese Ci)ilian 4oman with a + n to Her Head. 1 ? . #hotograph. 8eystone, n.p. (n o%d )omen )ho )as suspected of &eing a co%%a&orator or sympathiCer of the Viet Cong. Vietnam" 2andscapes. N.d. N.p. 3andscape of Vietnam. Vietnamese :risoners. 1 +.. #hotograph. N.p. $his photo sho)s ho) a person &eing he%d prisoner &y the 0rench. We inc%uded this photo &ecause one can see the strugg%e of the peop%e, aspiring for independence. Vietnam?s Fal1. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. $he Vietnamese nationa% f%ag. 4omen and Children Cro ch in a M dd- Canal as 'he- 'ake Co)er from Intense Viet Con1 Fire. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. $his sho)s ho) the peop%e )ere 2ust in the cross fire &et)een the North and 9outh Vietnam. 4orker :art- 2eader. N.d. #hotograph. N.p. Ho Chi -inh is in front of the North Vietnam f%ag, representing ho) Ho Chi -inh supported the communist )ays of the )ars for a crime he committee.