Contents

INDEPTH TINKER UP

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INSIDE

In essence, the device modulates your signal into an FM signal. The effective broadcasting distance of your FM modulator at best, is only up to 5 meters so you need not worry about broadcasting in other radio systems around you.

The 4 stages of an FM Modulator

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EDITORIAL BOARD
Carl de Guia Ian dela Cruz Jude Dioso Almond Veras

Introduction Input Conversion Modulation Transmission Power Source Gallery

SOURCES
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/3361/en/ http://www.maximintegrated.com/app-notes/index. mvp/id/641 http://www.productwiki.com/upload/images/sandisk_ sdcz36_032g_b35_1.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cigarette_lighter_ receptacle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_ converter

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Selfies. More fun in the

Philippines

The FM Modulator

INDEPTH
In essence, the device modulates your signal into an FM signal.

INTRODUCTION

uring long hours of driving or being stuck in traffic, entertainment is always the issue. You flip through the channels of your radio but alas, all you hear are commercial endorsements or bad jokes from radio DJs who use too much audio FX. You have your MP3 player but it is not safe to drive with earphones on, your car radio setup does not have an AUX cable input, and your MP3 players speakers barely make a noise. So what do you then? Enter the FM modulator! The mobile FM modulator works by acting as a separate broadcasting station for your device. Most FM modulators come in with an MP3 player so all you have to do is load up the device with songs, select a radio frequency to broadcast your signal, and then synchronize your

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FM
The Block Diagram of the FM Transmitter and Receiver

music player with the said frequency to be able to hear your song on the radio. In essence, the device modulates your signal into an FM signal. The effective broadcasting distance of your FM modulator at best, is only up to 5 meters so you need not worry about broadcasting in other radio systems around you. This wonderful device has its limitations. This device can become unusable in large urban areas because of other strong radio signals can bleed over its neighboring frequencies making the frequencies unusable with the transmitter. The FM modulator works in the same principle as the one discussed in class. To encode your message in the carrier, you vary the instantaneous frequency of your output wave depending on the instantaneous amplitude of your message signal. The output waves frequency is set to be the same with the resonant frequency of the radio receivers resonant frequency to effectively output your wave.

BLOCK DIAGRAM
Another Block Diagram of the FM Modulator

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STAGES
The FM Modulator can be explained into 4 different stages. The Input Stage,

the Conversion Stage, the Modulation Stage and the Transmission stage. In the input stage, the FM Modulator takes in audio input from the external source. It theconverts the audio input into analog audio within the FM Transmitter at the Conversion stage. This analog audi is then converted into an FM signal through Frequency Modulation at the Modulation Stage. Then at the Transmission stage, the FM signal is then laid onto an RF Transmitter on a specific frequency to be received by the car stereo/radio.

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INPUT AM/FM radio stations could get really boring,

http://conversation.which.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/bored-incar_iStock_000013529509Small.jpg

youd rather listen to your own songs! Luckily, this amazing device takes in signals from a variety of sources. You have the option to load songs either from a microSD card slot or from a USB port. Data is read from the microSD or the USB drive card only if the format of the file is supported. This device supports .mp3, the most common audio file format nowadays. After the data is read from the source, a printed circuit board processes it and converts it to an analog signal within the device and then frequency modulated. The modulated signal is then the signal transmitted through an antenna.

AM/FM radio stations could get really boring.

BORING

To be recognized by an FM receiver such as the radio set in your car, the received signal must be an analog signal. Therefore inside our FM Transmitter is a Digital to Analog Converter (DAC) wherein the microSD or USB source is the digital signal and the analog signal output is the one that is frequency modulated. A typical DAC converts the abstract numbers into a concrete sequence of impulses that are then processed by a reconstruction filter using some form of interpolation to fill in data between the impulses. Other DAC methods (e.g., methods based on deltasigma modulation) produce a pulse-density modulated signal that can then be filtered in a similar way to produce a smoothly varying signal. The block diagram shows what a DAC does. A simple implementation of this would be by Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) and passing it through a low pass filter but can be also implemented using other techniques such as oversampling and summing individual bits.

CONVERSION

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MODULATION The FM modulator works in the same principle as

the one discussed in class. To encode your message in the carrier,of your message signal. The output waves frequency is set to be the sa you vary the instantaneous frequency of your output wave depending on the instantaneous amplitude me with the resonant frequency of the radio receivers resonant frequency to effectively output your wave.

The signal to be transmitted (message + carrier) is passed on to the terminals of an antenna. An antenna (or aerial) is an electrical device which converts electric power into radio waves, and vice versa. It is usually used with a radio transmitter or radio receiver. In transmission, a radio transmitter supplies an electric current oscillating at radio frequency (i.e. high frequency AC) to the antennas terminals, and the antenna radiates the energy from the current as electromagnetic waves (radio waves). In reception, an antenna intercepts some of the power of an electromagnetic wave in order to produce a tiny voltage at its terminals, that is applied to a receiver to be amplified.

TRANSMISSION

POWER SOURCE The device uses a cigarette lighter receptacle to

power itself. The cigarette lighter receptacle in an automobile, initially designed to power an electrically heated cigarette lighter, became a de facto standard DC connector to supply electrical power for portable accessories used in or near an automobile. While the cigarette lighter receptacle is a common feature of automobiles, as a DC power connector it has the disadvantage of relatively low current rating and poor contact stability.

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Gallery

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