Introduction Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to move heat from a low temperature to a high temperature and typically

also from one location to another. The work of heat transport is traditionally driven by mechanical work, but can also be driven by

heat, magnetism, electricity, laser, or other means. Refrigeration has many applications, including, but not limited to: household refrigerators, industrial freezers, cryogenics, and air conditioning. Heat pumps may use the heat output of the refrigeration process, and also may be designed to be reversible, but are otherwise similar to refrigeration units. Unit of Refrigeration: Capacity of refrigeration unit is generally defined in ton of refrigeration. A ton of refrigeration is defined as the quantity of heat to be removed in order to form one ton (1000 kg) of ice at 00C in 24 hrs, from liquid water at 00C. This is equivalent to 3.5 kJ/s (3.5 kW) or 210 kJ/min. Methods of refrigeration can be classified as Non-cyclic, cyclic, thermoelectric and magnetic. Non-cyclic refrigeration In non-cyclic refrigeration, cooling is accomplished by melting ice or by subliming dry ice (frozen carbon dioxide). These methods are used for small-scale refrigeration such as in laboratories and workshops, or in portable coolers. Cyclic refrigeration This consists of a refrigeration cycle, where heat is removed from a low-temperature space or source and rejected to a high-temperature sink with the help of external work, and its inverse, the thermodynamic power cycle. In the power cycle, heat is supplied from a high-temperature source to the engine, part of the heat being used to produce work and the rest being rejected to a low-temperature sink. This satisfies the second law of thermodynamics. The most common types of refrigeration systems use the reverse-Rankine vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, although absorption heat pumps are used in a minority of applications.

Cyclic refrigeration can be classified as: 1. Vapor cycle, and 2. Gas cycle Vapor cycle refrigeration can further be classified as: 1. Vapor-compression refrigeration 2. Vapor-absorption refrigeration Vapor compression refrigeration: The vapor-compression cycle is used in most household refrigerators as well as in many large commercial and industrial refrigeration systems. Figure 1 provides a schematic diagram of the components of a typical vapor-compression refrigeration system.

Figure 1: Vapor compression refrigeration

Vapor compression refrigerator System There are six main components in a refrigeration system The Compressor The Condenser The Metering Device or expansion valve The Evaporator

Compressor It is heart of the refrigeration system as it circulates the refrigerant in the system like the heart of a human being circulating the blood in the body. The inlet to the compressor is called the Suction Line. It brings the low pressure vapor into the compressor. After the compressor compresses the refrigerant into a high pressure Vapor, and the outlet of the compressor is called the Discharge Line. Condenser The Discharge Line leaves the compressor and runs to the inlet of the condenser. Because the refrigerant was compressed, it is a hot high pressure vapor.

The hot vapor enters the condenser and starts to flow through the tubes. Cool air is blown across the outside of the finned tubes of the condenser (usually air by a fan or water with a pump). Since the air is cooler than the refrigerant, heat jumps from the tubing to the cooler air (energy goes from hot to cold latent heat).

 As the heat is removed from the refrigerant, it reaches its saturated temperature and starts to change state, into a high pressure liquid. The high pressure liquid leaves the condenser through the liquid line and travels to the metering device through a filter dryer to remove any dirt or foreign particles.

Expansion Valve Expansion Valve regulate how much liquid refrigerant enters the evaporator as per heat load on evaporator. Now we have a low pressure, cooler liquid refrigerant entering the evaporative coil.

Evaporator The evaporator is where the heat is removed from your house, business or be cooled. Low pressure liquid leaves the metering device and enters the evaporator. Usually, a fan will move warm air from the conditioned space across the evaporator finned coils. The cooler refrigerant in the evaporator tubes, absorb the warm room air. The change of temperature causes the refrigerant to flash or boil, and changes from a low pressure liquid to a low pressure cold vapor. The low pressure vapor is pulled into the compressor and the cycle starts over. products to

Application of Refrigerator: In chemical industries, for separating and liquefying the gases. In manufacturing and storing ice. For the preservation of perishable food items in cold storages. For cooling water. For controlling humidity of air manufacture and heat treatment of steels. For chilling the oil to remove wax in oil refineries. For the preservation of tablets and medicines in pharmaceutical industries. For the preservation of blood tissues etc., For comfort air conditioning the hospitals, theatres, etc.,