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In the grasslands, somewhere on the African continent, success can be defined in terms of life and death, Survival is a strong motivator. Heres a short story
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When the light comes in the Eastern sky and you sense that the sun will soon steal the comfort and security of the night, the gazelle starts to stir. He knows that if, during this day, he does not run faster than the fastest cheetah, he may be caught and then he will be killed.

Not far away, the cheetah stretches out this powerful muscles and thinks of the day ahead, He knows that if he does not run faster than the slowest gazelle, he will surely starve.
The moral of this story
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It doesnt matter whether you are a gazelle or a cheetah when the sun is up you had better be running.

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Theories About Motivation

Wide range of theories

Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)
Hierarchy of needs

David Clarence McClelland (1917-1998)

Need for achievement

Frederick Hertzberg (1923-2000)

Dual factor theory
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Motivation - Maslow
Hierarchy of needs
Selfactualisation

Self-esteem Love and belonging

Safety and shelter Physical (comfort) needs

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The hierarchy has five levels:

Physiological Needs: oxygen, water, protein, salt, sugar, calcium and other minerals and vitamins, shelter and sleep etc. Safety Needs: security, stability, protection from physical and emotional harm Belongingness & Love Needs: affection, belonging, acceptance, friendship, community Esteem Needs: (Internal ones are need for self-respect, confidence, autonomy, and achievement. External ones are need for respect of others, status, fame, glory, recognition and attention.) Maslow feels these are the roots to many, if not most of our psychological problems. Self-actualization: (doing that which maximizes ones potential and fulfills ones inmate aspirations)
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Self actualisation needs

be enthusiastic and supportive Encourage others be positive about the future promote optimism

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McClellands Need for Achievement theory

Three needs
Need for authority and power Need for affiliation Need for achievement

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Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene theory

Two independent scales:

Satisfaction and No Satisfaction
These are the motivators

Dissatisfaction and No Dissatisfaction

Hygiene or maintenance factors

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Comparison of Hygiene and Motivators

Hygiene Factors
Govt policies Boss habits Working conditions Relationship with peers Status Security

Motivators
Recognition Achievement Work itself Responsibility Opportunity for advancement Growth These factors contribute to satisfaction.
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These factors contribute to dissatisfaction.

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