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Kreditanstalt fr Wiederaufbau
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WATER & SEWERAGE PROJECT SHKODRA

FEASIBILITY STUDY

PROJECT CONCEPT DRAFT REPORT

ANNEX No. 1

Hydraulic Calculation of the

Sewer Network

June 2006

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Preparation of the Hydraulic Calculation .......................................................................1
1.1.1 Topographic Survey................................................................................................1
1.1.2 Sub-Systems, Main and Sub-Catchment Areas......................................................1
1.2 Hydraulic Calculation of the Sewage System.................................................................2
1.2.1 Design Criteria........................................................................................................ 2
2 RESULTS............................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 Existing Sewer Network without Sewer Extensions.......................................................5
2.1.1 Existing Situation 2006............................................................................................5
2.1.2 Future Situation 2015 and 2030..............................................................................5
2.1.3 Conclusion.............................................................................................................. 6
2.2 Existing Sewer Network with Extension Areas for 2030.................................................6
2.2.1 Sewer Network Extensions......................................................................................6
2.2.2 Results.................................................................................................................... 6

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Water and Sewerage Project Shkodra Feasibility Study
Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006

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ii

TABLES

Table 1-1: Domestic Sewage Production Rates..................................................................3

Table 1-2: Specific Large Water Consumer.........................................................................3
Table 1-3: Extraneous Water Flow.......................................................................................4

APPENDICES

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Water and Sewerage Project Shkodra Feasibility Study
Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006

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METHODOLOGY
In order to assess the capacity of the existing sewage system for the planning horizon
2030 and to identify the required measures for the improvement of the hydraulic
capacity, a detailed hydraulic calculation of the primary and part of the secondary
sewer network has been carried out.

1.1

Preparation of the Hydraulic Calculation

1.1.1

Topographic Survey
For the preparation of the hydraulic calculation, a topographic survey of the complete
primary and part of the secondary network has been implemented. X and Y
coordinates of the manholes, as well as cover and invert levels and diameters of the
pipe have been surveyed. In the case that manhole covers could not be opened the
invert level has been estimated on the basis of the average slope of the pipe between
the preceding and following manhole.
A total length of 16,5 km of the existing sewer network, including 278 manholes, has
been surveyed.

1.1.2

Sub-Systems, Main and Sub-Catchment Areas

1.1.2.1 Existing Sewer Network

The area of the city which is currently served by the existing sewer network has been
divided in 3 sub-systems corresponding to the area respectively drained by the three
main sewers K1, K2 and K3. In each of this sub-systems, main catchment areas (e.g.
K1.1, K1.2, etc) have been defined according the to the up-dated drawing of the
existing sewer network, site investigations and information provided by local experts
acquainted with the existing sewer network.
For each main catchment area has been determined the area and the existing and
forecasted population for the planning horizon 2030, as well as, the population density.
Each of the main catchment area is divided in single sub-catchment area (e.g. K1.1.1.
to K1.1.8.) corresponding to a pipe section between two manholes. The name of the
sub-catchment area correspond to the number of the upper manhole. The area of each
sub-catchment area is calculated according to the ratio of the length of the considered
sewer section to the total length of the sewer in the main catchment area. The
population of each sub-catchment area is calculated on the basis of its area and the
average population density in the main catchment area.
The sewer network and main catchment areas which have been considered in the
hydraulic calculation of the sewer network area shown in Drawing no. 002-02-01 and
002-02-02.
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Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006

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1.1.2.2 Sewer Network Extension
Extension areas of the sewer network have been defined according to the forecasted
increase of the population and urban development in Shkodra and in the surrounding
villages as well as the proposed concept for the sewerage of the city of Shkodra.
Extension areas of the sewer network, include the currently not connected areas of the
city of Shkodra including mainly the industrial and the informal areas east, north and
west of the city. These extensions areas have been divided in several sub-systems
according to the topography and the connection point to the existing sewer network.
These sub-systems are numbered with the prefix X followed by the number of the
existing main sewer to which it is connected (e.g. Extension are X1 is connected to the
main sewer K1).
Furthermore the extension areas include the village of Dobraci and Golemi
(respectively numbered with the prefix D and G) and the area located between Kir
River and the Tepe Hills, near to Rozafa Castle (extension area R for Rozafa).
For each of these extension areas sub-catchment areas have been defined according
to the topography and the route of the main collector (e.g. X1.1.1 to X1.1.5).
The surface as well as the forecasted population for the planning horizon 2030 has
been determined for each of these catchment areas.
For the hydraulic calculation of the sewer extension hydraulic calculation system points
have been defined. The ground level of each of theses system points has been
measured on the available topographic maps. The number of each sub-catchment area
correspond to the number of the upper system point.
The sub-catchment areas and system points which have been considered for the
hydraulic calculation of the sewer extensions are shown in Drawing no. 002-04-00 until
002-04-04.

1.2

Hydraulic Calculation of the Sewage System

The hydraulic calculation of the sewer network has been carried out according to the
German technical Standard DWA-A 118 by use of the Prandtl/Colebrook formula.
Considering the current hydraulically unfavourable condition of the sewer network, a
roughness factor of 3,0 mm has been considered for the current situation. For the
future (planning horizon 2015 and 2030) it has been considered that the hydraulic
condition of the sewer network will be significantly through better maintenance as well
as rehabilitation measures and replacement of some sections of the sewer network.
Therefore a roughness factor of 1,5 mm has been considered for the future. ,

1.2.1

Design Criteria
The applied design criteria for the hydraulic calculation of the sewer network are given
in section 2.3 of the Project Concept Report.

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Water and Sewerage Project Shkodra Feasibility Study
Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006

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The hydraulic calculation of the existing sewer network has been carried out for the
current situation (2006) and for the planning horizon 2015 and 2030 according to the
following criteria.
1.2.1.1 Sewage Production
Domestic Sewage Production
The domestic sewage production is based, according to the measurements and the
water consumption forecast upon the following:
Horizon

Domestic water
consumption

Commercial water
consumption

Discharge
relevant ratio

Sewage rate

2005

250 l/cd

40 l/cd

90%

261 l/cd

2015

180 l/cd

30 l/cd

90%

189 l/cd

2030

120 l/cd

20 l/cd

90%

126 l/cd

Table 1-1: Domestic Sewage Production Rates

Industrial Sewage Production
For industrial wastewater a specific sewage peak flow of 0,5 l/sha, related to the
corresponding surface of the connected industrial area has been considered.
Specific large water consumer
On the basis of the water consumption data provided by the water utility, the
wastewater discharge of the following significant large drinking water consumers has
been considered separately.
Consumer

1. Police Directories

Water
Consumption

Sewage
rate

Working
Days per
Month

Average
Sewage
Flow

Average
Sewage

Peak
Sewage

Flow

Flow

[m/month]

[%]

[d/month]

[m/d]]

[l/s]

[l/s]

900

90

30

27,0

0,31

0,31

2. Electrical Company

1.750

90

22

71,6

0,83

1,24

3. Hospital

13.020

90

30

390,6

4,52

10,85

4. Student Dormitory

1.207

90

30

36,2

0,42

1,26

5. High School

1.406

90

22

57,5

0,67

2,00

6. Senior House

1.140

90

30

34,2

0,40

0,95

Table 1-2: Specific Large Water Consumer

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Water and Sewerage Project Shkodra Feasibility Study
Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006

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1.2.1.2 Extraneous Water Flow

Dry Weather Extraneous Water
According to the results of the wastewater measurement campaign, the specific
extraneous water rate as given in the following table have been considered for the
three main sewer K1, K2 and K3.
For the future situation a progressive decrease of the extraneous water rate, through
rehabilitation measures on the sewerage and drinking water supply system, has been
considered.
Rain Weather Extraneous Water
In order to take into consideration inevitable false or illegal connection of storm water to
a separate sewage water system an additional storm water flow corresponding to
100 % of the average sewage flow has been considered. It should however be
mentioned that this additional storm water should be considered as a maximum value
after rehabilitation of the sewer network and removal of illegal connection. At the time
being the storm water flow connected to the sewer network is much higher.

Horizon
2006

Main
Sewer

Dry Weather
Extraneous Water

Rain Weather
Extraneous water

[l/sha]

[% of QSW 24]

K1

0,20

K2

0,10

K3

0,50

K0

0,23

2015

all

0,15

2030

all

0,10

100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %
100 %

Table 1-3: Extraneous Water Flow

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Water and Sewerage Project Shkodra Feasibility Study
Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006

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RESULTS

2.1

Existing Sewer Network without Sewer Extensions

The results of the hydraulic calculation of the existing sewer network without
considering sewer extension are given in the attached Appendices no.1-1 (current
situation 2006), no. 1-2 (horizon 2015) and no. 1-3 (horizon 2030).
The results for the situation 2030 are shown in Drawing no. 002-03-00.

2.1.1

Existing Situation 2006

The hydraulic calculation for the current situation show that the existing sewer network
has in general sufficient hydraulic capacity with most of the network having large spare
capacity (hydraulic loading ratio < 0,5). Critical sections, with some located bottlenecks
are the following:

Lower part of K2, downstream of the Square of Five Heroes (sections DN 600
K2.26 to K2.33);

Sewer of the Bujar Bishanaku street upstream of the Square of Five Heroes
(section DN 500 K2.24)

Main sewer K3 upstream of the crossroad with Isuf Sokoli Street (section DN 500
K3.11 to K3.14)

Whole length of Main sewer K0 (DN 1000) up to the pumping station.

Excepted for some localised sections with low slope, the above mentioned sewers are
however in general not highly overloaded (hydraulic load ratio between 1,0 and 1,5).
2.1.2

Future Situation 2015 and 2030

Despite of the increased population connected to the sewer network, the hydraulic
calculation for the future situation 2015, and even more 2030, show improved hydraulic
conditions thanks to the forecasted decrease of water consumption as well as
extraneous water.
As shown in drawing no. 002-03-00, with the above mentioned design criteria and
assumption for the future situation, the existing sewer network has sufficient hydraulic
capacity for the planning horizon 2030 without connection of additional catchment
areas.
With exception of the above mentioned sewer sections which are working quite close to
their full capacity, the remaining part of the sewer network and especially most part of
K1 and the upper part of K2 have large spare capacity for future extensions.

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Water and Sewerage Project Shkodra Feasibility Study
Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006

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2.1.3

Conclusion
According to the results of the hydraulic calculation of the existing sewer network the
main conclusion are as follow:

Without consideration of future sewer extensions, the existing sewer network has
sufficient capacity for the planning horizon 2030;

In particular K1 and most of K3 have large spare capacity which allow for the
connection of extension areas of the sewer network;

Connection of additional extension areas to K2 shall be avoided in order to allow the

DN 600 lower part of this sewer to be maintained in the future;

Main sewer K0, which already works near to its full capacity, will probably need to
be replaced with the connection of extension areas to the existing sewer network.

2.2

Existing Sewer Network with Extension Areas for 2030

2.2.1

Sewer Network Extensions

According to the analysis of the existing situation and the above mentioned hydraulic
calculation of the existing sewer network, the main lines of the proposed concept for
the future extension of the sewer network is as follow:

Connection of the industrial area to the upper part of main sewer K1 in eriz
Topulli street;

Connection of the currently not connected areas east and south east of the city
on several points of main sewer K1;

No additional areas connected to main sewer K2;

Dobraci and Golemi connected on several points to the upper part of K3 north of
the town;

Extension area west of the town connected to a separate sewer system with a
pumping station and discharging in the lower part of K3;

Areas near to Kir river south-east of the Tepe hills served by a separate sewer
network with a pumping station discharging directly into the main pumping
station.
2.2.2

Results
The hydraulic calculation of the existing sewer network for the planning horizon 2030,
according to the above-described concept, is given in Appendix 2-1. Results are shown
in Drawing no. 002-05-00.

Following section of the network need to be replaced and reinforced for the planning
horizon 2030 to allow for the connection of additional catchment areas as described
above:
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Water and Sewerage Project Shkodra Feasibility Study
Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006

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Main Sewer K1:

Section K1.2 (K1.2.2 to K1.2.6): sewer DN 300 in the upper part of Skenderberg
street, on which will be connected the industrial area;

Section K1.6 (K1.6.1 to K1.6.4): sewer DN 400 in Skenderberg street upstream of

the crossroad with Marin Barleti street;

Main Sewer K3:

Sections K3.12, K3.13 and K3.14: sewer DN 500 in Mujo Ulqinaku street
upstream of the crossroad with Isuf Sokoli street.

Main Sewer K0:

Sections K0.1 (K0.1.3 to K0.1.14): sewer DN 1000 connecting to the m,ain

pumping station.

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Water and Sewerage Project Shkodra Feasibility Study
Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006

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APPENDICES

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Water and Sewerage Project Shkodra Feasibility Study
Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006

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Appendix 1- :

Hydraulic Calculation of the Sewer Network Existing Situation

2006

Appendix 1- :

Hydraulic Calculation of the Sewer Network Existing Sewer

Network, Situation 2015

Appendix 1- :

Hydraulic Calculation of the Sewer Network Existing Sewer

Network, Situation 2030

Appendix 2- :

Hydraulic Calculation of the Sewer Network Existing Sewer

Network with Extensions, 2030

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Water and Sewerage Project Shkodra Feasibility Study
Assessment Phase Report Annex 4: Drinking Water Supply

April 2006