Cray Message Passing Toolkit

Release Overview
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© 2004 Cray Inc. All Rights Reserved. This manual or parts thereof may not be reproduced in any form unless permitted by
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 Contents

Page

Introduction [1] 1
MPT Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Emphasis for This Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Installing MPT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Distribution of This Release Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Reader Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Software Enhancements [2] 5

New MPI-2 Routines and Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Performance Improvements for Collective MPI Routines . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
New MPI Environment Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Newer Versions of ROMIO and C++ Bindings for MPI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Performance Improvements to shmem_barrier_all Routine . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Compatibilities and Differences [3] 7

Documentation [4] 9
CrayDoc Documentation System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Cray Manuals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Cray Man Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Cray Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Changes to the Document Set Since the MPT 2.3 Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Ordering Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Additional Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
MPI Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
News Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Netlib . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

Page

Release Package [5] 15

Hardware and Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Contents of Release Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Ordering Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Customer Service [6] 19

Technical Assistance with Software Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
CRInform System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Cray Service Bulletin (CRSB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Cray Public Web Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Glossary 23

Index 25

ii S–3689–24
 Introduction [1]

This document describes changes made to the Cray Message Passing Toolkit
(MPT) for the 2.4 release running on UNICOS/mp systems.
Note: The MPT 2.4 release only supports UNICOS/mp systems. The MPT 2.4
release provides initial support for Cray X1E systems. Full support will be
provided in an update to this release.

1.1 MPT Overview

MPT is a software package that supports interprocess data exchange for
applications that use concurrent, cooperating processes on a single host. MPI
supports processes on multiple hosts. Data exchange is done through message
passing, which is the use of library calls to request data delivery from one process
to another or between groups of processes.
Message Passing Interface (MPI) is a standard specification for message passing
libraries, allowing portable message passing programs in the Fortran and C
languages. MPI was created by the Message Passing Interface Forum (MPIF).
MPIF is not sanctioned or supported by any official standards organization.
Its goal was to develop a widely used standard for writing message passing
programs. The implementation of this standard on Cray systems includes the
libmpi.a library and the mpirun(1) run-time command.

The MPI libraries provide communications and synchronization functions that

are necessary for writing distributed applications. For example, you can add
calls that cause one task to send a message to another, receive a message, or
wait until another task is finished.
The MPI component of MPT is based on the MPI 1.2 specification from the
Message Passing Interface Forum and also supports a subset of the MPI-2
specification. It supports high-speed communications among the processors on
the system. For more information about MPI, start with the intro_mpi(1) and
intro_mpt(1) man pages.
SHMEM message passing is another form of distributed programming. It uses
one-sided communications. One processing element (PE) can send or receive data
from another PE without the packet accounting mechanism found in MPI. For
more information about SHMEM, start with the intro_shmem(3) man page.

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

1.2 Emphasis for This Release

The emphasis for the MPT 2.4 release was to provide:
• New MPI-2 Routines and Constants
• Performance Improvements for Collective MPI Routines
• New MPI Environment Variables
• Newer Versions of ROMIO and C++ Bindings for MPI
• Performance Improvements to shmem_barrier_all Routine
All the software enhancements included in this release are described in Chapter
2, page 5.

1.3 Installing MPT

MPT is automatically loaded with the PrgEnv module. For more information,
see Cray Programming Environment Releases Overview and Installation Guide.

1.4 Distribution of This Release Overview

A printed copy of this release overview is provided with each release package.
You can also access this document at any of the following sites:
• The network location specified for Cray documentation by your system
administrator
• The Cray public web site:
www.cray.com
• The Cray internal web site (Cray personnel only):
swpubs.us.cray.com/craydoc/
If you cannot get electronic copies of the release overview files using any of these
methods, contact your Cray representative.

2 S–3689–24
 Introduction [1]

1.5 Reader Comments

Contact us with any comments that will help us to improve the accuracy and
usability of this document. Be sure to include the title and number of the
document with your comments. We value your comments and will respond to
them promptly. Contact us in any of the following ways:
E-mail:
swpubs@cray.com
Telephone (inside U.S., Canada):
1–800–950–2729 (Cray Customer Support Center)
Telephone (outside U.S., Canada):
+1–715–726–4993 (Cray Customer Support Center)
Mail:
Software Publications
Cray Inc.
1340 Mendota Heights Road
Mendota Heights, MN 55120–1128
USA

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

4 S–3689–24
 Software Enhancements [2]

This chapter describes enhancements made to the software since the Message
Passing Toolkit 2.3 release.
New MPI and SHMEM features for the MPT 2.4 release are described in the
following sections.

2.1 New MPI-2 Routines and Constants

The following MPI-2 routines were added:
• MPI_Request_get_status
• MPI_Status_c2f
• MPI_Status_f2c
• MPI_Type_create_resized
• MPI_Type_get_true_extent
The following MPI-2 constants were added:
• MPI_STATUS_IGNORE
• MPI_STATUSES_IGNORE

2.2 Performance Improvements for Collective MPI Routines

The latency and bandwidth for the following collective MPI routines were
improved:
MPI_Allgather
MPI_Allgatherv
MPI_Alltoall
MPI_Alltoallv
MPI_Allreduce
MPI_Bcast
MPI_Reduce

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

2.3 New MPI Environment Variables

The following new MPI environment variables were added:
MPI_COLL_OPT_OFF
MPI_COLL_BUF_SIZE
MPI_COLL_OPT_HINTS
For more information, see the intro_mpi(1) man page.

2.4 Newer Versions of ROMIO and C++ Bindings for MPI

MPI I/O was updated to ROMIO version 1.2.5.1.
C++ bindings for MPI were updated to MPICH version 1.2.5.2.

2.5 Performance Improvements to shmem_barrier_all Routine

shmem_barrier_all now uses a vectorized algorithm and performs
significantly better than in previous MPT releases, especially at higher process
counts.

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 Compatibilities and Differences [3]

This release of MPT has the following compatibility issue:

If the MPI-2 constant MPI_STATUS_IGNORE or MPI_STATUSES_IGNORE is used
in an application, it is not possible to link against older releases of MPT.
Note: The MPT 2.4 release only supports UNICOS/mp systems.

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

8 S–3689–24
 Documentation [4]

This chapter describes the documentation that supports the MPT 2.4 release.

4.1 CrayDoc Documentation System

Cray provides a documentation system called CrayDoc, a collection of
open-source software components. CrayDoc gives you fast, easy access and the
ability to search all Cray manuals, man pages, and glossary in HTML format
from a web browser.
CrayDoc runs on any operating system based on UNIX systems or systems like
UNIX including Mac OS X, Linux, BSD and anywhere else that Perl and Apache
can be compiled from source code with freely available (GNU) tools.
The installation and administration of the CrayDoc server software and Cray
documentation are described in the CrayDoc Installation and Administration Guide.

4.2 Cray Manuals

Using a web browser, you can access Cray manuals at any of the following
locations:
• Locally, using the network path defined by your system administrator
• On the Cray public web site at:
www.cray.com/craydoc/
• On the Cray internal web site (Cray personnel only):

swpubs.us.cray.com/craydoc/
The release overview is provided in PDF, HTML, and printed forms with the
MPT 2.4 release.

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

4.3 Cray Man Pages

Man pages provide system and programming reference information. Each man
page is referred to by its name followed by a number in parentheses:
manpagename n

where n is the man page section identifier:

1 User commands
2 System calls
3 Library routines
4 Devices (special files) and Protocols
5 File formats
7 Miscellaneous information
8 Administrator commands
Access man pages in any of these ways:
• Enter the man command to view individual man pages in ASCII format; for
example:
man ftn

To print individual man pages in ASCII format, enter, for example:

man ftn | col -b | lpr

• Use a web browser with the CrayDoc system to view, search, and print
individual man pages in HTML format.
• Use Adobe Acrobat Reader with the CrayDoc system to view, search, and
print from collections of formatted man pages provided in PDF format.
If more than one topic appears on a page, the man page has one primary name
(grep, for example) and one or more secondary names (egrep, for example).
Access the ASCII or HTML man page using either name; for example:
• Enter the command man grep or man egrep
• Search in the CrayDoc system for grep or egrep

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 Documentation [4]

4.4 Cray Glossary

A glossary of Cray terms that relate to the Cray system with which this release is
associated is also included with CrayDoc.

4.5 Changes to the Document Set Since the MPT 2.3 Release
The following MPI man pages are new with the MPT 2.4 release:
• MPI_Request_get_status
• MPI_Status_c2f
• MPI_Status_f2c
• MPI_Type_create_resized
• MPI_Type_get_true_extent
Man pages for the MPT 2.4 release no longer address MPI and SHMEM on
UNICOS and UNICOS/mk systems.
Man Page Collection: Message Passing Interface (MPI) and Man Page Collection:
Shared Memory Access (SHMEM) are no longer provided.

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

4.6 Ordering Documentation

To order software documentation, contact the Cray Software Distribution Center
in any of the following ways:
E-mail:
orderdsk@cray.com
Telephone (inside U.S., Canada):
1–800–284–2729 (BUG CRAY), then 605–9100
Telephone (outside U.S., Canada):
+1–651–605–9100
Fax:
+1–651–605–9001
Mail:
Software Distribution Center
Cray Inc.
1340 Mendota Heights Road
Mendota Heights, MN 55120–1128
USA

4.7 Additional Resources

MPI users have a variety of resources that are supplemental to the standard Cray
support to help them use these products. Use Cray support when you encounter
what might be an MPI bug. However, the resources described in the following
subsections might help to gain a better understanding of MPI.

4.7.1 MPI Standard

You can access the MPI standard from the following sources:
• At any of the following URLs using a web browser:
http://www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/mpi
http://www.erc.msstate.edu/misc/mpi/mpi2.html
http://www.netlib.org/mpi/index.html

• Journal article in the Fall 1994 issue of the Journal of Supercomputing

Applications

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 Documentation [4]

4.7.2 News Groups

The comp.parallel.mpi internet news group focuses on MPI and related
products. The MPI developers use this news group to announce new product
releases and to discuss related topics. Here, users can interact with one another
by responding to others’ posts.
To access comp.parallel.mpi, you must have access to the Internet and a
news reader program. If necessary, contact your site administrator for assistance.

4.7.3 Netlib
Public-domain versions of MPI are available from the Netlib Repository at the
University of Tennessee at Knoxville (UTK) and Oak Ridge National Laboratory
(ORNL). The MPI Forum e-mail discussions and both current and earlier versions
of the standard are available from the netlib server. If your site is using the
versions of these products contained in MPT, you will not need to obtain the
source code from netlib. However, the following additional resources that are
available from netlib might be useful:
• Test and sample programs contained in the public-domain releases that
are not included in the Cray release
• Papers and presentations by the MPI developers that describe MPI and
related products
You can obtain information from netlib in the following ways:
• Use the web, which allows you to obtain the files directly. This is perhaps
the easiest and most convenient method. The MPI page at netlib is located at
the following URL:
http://www.netlib.org/mpi/index.html

• Send e-mail to netlib@ornl.gov (or netlib@research.att.com), and

include the following text in the subject line or message body:
send index from mpi

Once you receive the index, similar send messages will return parts of MPI.
This assumes the ORNL or AT&T host can determine how to return your
e-mail. If not, use anonymous ftp.
• Use anonymous ftp from netlib2.cs.utk.edu.

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

• Use anonymous rcp from netlib2.cs.utk.edu. For example:

rcp anon@netlib2.cs.utk.edu:mpi/your-local-file

You can use the following command to obtain file lists:

rsh netlib2.cs.utk.edu -l anon ls mpi

• Use the xnetlib browsing tool (that you can obtain from netlib by using one
of the preceding methods).

For access in Europe, use the duplicate collection in Oslo, as follows:

Internet: netlib@nac.no
EARN/BITNET: netlib%nac.no@norunix.bitnet
X.400: s=netlib; o=nac; c=no
EUNET/uucp: nac!netlib
For access in the Pacific region, use the following address that is located at
the University of Wollongong in NSW, Australia:
netlib@draci.cs.uow.edu.au

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 Release Package [5]

This chapter describes the release package, hardware and software requirements,
licensing and ordering information, and other related information.

5.1 Hardware and Software Requirements

The MPT 2.4 release is supported on Cray X1 series systems running
UNICOS/mp 2.3 release or later.

The MPT 2.4 release requires the following software:

• Programming Environment 5.1 releases or later
• The Modules software package (see Section 1.3, page 2 for details)

5.2 Contents of Release Package

The release package includes:
• Message Passing Interface (MPI) routines
• Logically shared, distributed memory (SHMEM) message passing routines
• Cray MPT documentation, described in Chapter 4, page 9.

5.3 Licensing
This section provides licensing information related to the MPT 2.4 release.
This product is covered under a software license agreement for Cray software.
Upgrades to this product are provided only when a software support agreement
for this Cray software is in place.

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

For more information about licensing and pricing, contact your Cray
representative, or contact Jenny Gross in any of the following ways:
E-mail:
jennyg@cray.com
Telephone:
+1–651–605–8982
Fax:
+1–651–605–9001
Mail:
Jenny Gross
Software Licensing
Cray Inc.
1340 Mendota Heights Road
Mendota Heights, MN 55120–1128
USA

5.4 Ordering Software

This release package is distributed by order only to customers who have signed a
license agreement for Cray software that includes this product. The most current
revision of the release package is supplied. To receive any upgrades to a given
Cray product, the customer must also have a signed support agreement for
this Cray software.

16 S–3689–24
 Release Package [5]

You can order the release package from the Cray Software Distribution Center in
any of the following ways:
E-mail:
orderdsk@cray.com
CRInform (for subscribers):
crinform.cray.com
Click on the Order Cray Software link.
Telephone (inside U.S., Canada):
1–800–284–2729 (BUG CRAY), then 605–9100
Telephone (outside U.S., Canada):
+1–651–605–9100
Fax:
+1–651–605–9001
Mail:
Software Distribution Center
Cray Inc.
1340 Mendota Heights Road
Mendota Heights, MN 55120–1128
USA
Software will be shipped by ground service or 5-day international service.

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

18 S–3689–24
 Customer Service [6]

This chapter describes the customer services that support the MPT 2.4 release.

6.1 Technical Assistance with Software Problems

If you experience problems with Cray software, contact your Cray service
representative. Your service representative will work with you to resolve the
problem. If you choose to have full- or part-time support on site, your on-site
personnel are your primary contacts for service. If you have elected not to have
on-site support, please call or send e-mail to the Cray Customer Support Center:
E-mail:
support@cray.com
Telephone (inside U.S., Canada):
1–800–950–2729 (CRAY)
Telephone (outside U.S., Canada):
+1–715–726–4993
CRInform (for subscribers):
crinform.cray.com
You can also create a Request for Technical Assistance (RTA) and track and
search RTAs and Software Problem Reports (SPRs) online if you are a CRInform
subscriber, as described in Section 6.2.

6.2 CRInform System

The CRInform system is the information and problem-reporting system for Cray
customers who are CRInform subscribers.
You are a CRInform subscriber if your site has a software license agreement and
software support agreement. Access CRInform at:
crinform.cray.com
Ask your system administrator for the password. Subscribers to CRInform
can do any of the following activities:
• Report software problems

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

• Request technical assistance

• Communicate with other Cray system users
• Read about software problems reported at other sites
• Learn about solutions to various problems
• Order Cray software
• View Cray Service Bulletin
The CRInform program automatically logs events pertinent to your Cray system
site as news items, so you do not have to search through the system for new
information. The logged events include Software Problem Report (SPR) or
Request for Technical Assistance (RTA) activity, new orderable software, new
issues of the Cray Service Bulletin, new field notices (FNs), new software release
documents, new software problem fix information, new marketing information,
and new CRInform program information. You can also get automatic e-mail
notification of any or all of the news items.

6.3 Training
To find out more about Cray training, contact your Cray representative or contact
us in any of the following ways:
E-mail:
wwwtng@cray.com
Web:
www.cray.com/training/
Fax:
+1–715–726–4991
Mail:
Technical Training
Cray Inc.
P.O. Box 6000
Chippewa Falls, WI 54729–0080
USA

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 Customer Service [6]

6.4 Cray Service Bulletin (CRSB)

The CRInform site provides access to the online Cray Service Bulletin, also called
CRSB, which contains descriptions of software problems, information about
service procedures or agreements, and announcements of product upgrades and
future products for the private use of Cray customers.

6.5 Cray Public Web Site

The Cray public web site offers information about a variety of topics and is
located at:
www.cray.com

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

22 S–3689–24
 Glossary

blocking
An optimization that involves changing the iteration order of loops that access
large arrays so that groups of array elements are processed as many times as
possible while they reside in cache.

CrayDoc
Cray’s documentation system for accessing and searching Cray books, man
pages, and glossary terms from a web browser.

CRInform
An online technical-assistance and problem-reporting service for subscribing
Cray customers.

distributed memory
The kind of memory in a parallel processor where each processor has fast access
to its own local memory and where to access another processor’s memory it must
send a message via the interprocessor network.

environment variable
A variable that stores a string of characters for use by your shell and the
processes that execute under the shell. Some environment variables are
predefined by the shell, and others are defined by an application or user.
Shell-level environment variables let you specify the search path that the shell
uses to locate executable files, the shell prompt, and many other characteristics
of the operation of your shell. Most environment variables are described in the
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES section of the man page for the affected command.

Message Passing Interface (MPI)

A widely accepted standard for communication among nodes that run a parallel
program on a distributed-memory system. MPI is a library of routines that can be
called from Fortran, C, and C++ programs.

Message Passing Toolkit (MPT)

A Cray product that consists of the Message Passing Interface and shared
distributed memory (SHMEM) data-passing routines.

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Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

Modules
A package on the UNICOS/mp system that allows you to dynamically modify
your user environment by using module files. (This term is not related to
the module statement of the Fortran language; it is related to setting up the
UNICOS/mp system environment.) The user interface to this package is the
module command, which provides a number of capabilities to the user, including
loading a module file, unloading a module file, listing which module files are
loaded, determining which module files are available, and others.

SHMEM
A library of optimized functions and subroutines that take advantage of shared
memory to move data between the memories of processors. The routines can
either be used by themselves or in conjunction with another programming
style such as Message Passing Interface. SHMEM routines can be called from
Fortran, C, and C++ programs.

Software Problem Report (SPR)

A Cray customer service form and process that tracks software problems from
first report to resolution. SPR resolution results either from a written reply, the
release of software containing the fix to the problem, or the implementation of
the requested design change.

type
A means for categorizing data. Each intrinsic and user-defined data type has
four characteristics: a name, a set of values, a set of operators, and a means to
represent constant values of the type in a program.

UNICOS/mp
The operating system for Cray X1 series (Cray X1 and Cray X1E) systems.

24 S–3689–24
 Index

A H
ASCII, 10 HTML, 9

C I
Compatibilities, 7 Installing MPT, 2
Contact information
software distribution center, 12 L
Cray Service Bulletin, 20–21 Letter of assurance, 16
Cray web sites, 2, 19–21 Libraries
publications, 9 MPI, 15
CrayDoc, 9 SHMEM, 15
CRInform, 19 Licensing, 15
CRSB, 21
Customer service, 19 M
MPT resources, 12 Manuals, 9
Customer support center, 19 Message passing definition, 1
Module
D MPT, 2
Differences, 7 PrgEnv, 2
Distribution center, 12, 17 MPI standard, 12
Distribution of release overview, 2 MPI-2 constant
Documentation, 9 MPI_STATUS_IGNORE, 5
MPI_STATUSES_IGNORE, 5
E MPI-2 routine
Environment variable MPI_Request_get_status, 5
MPI_COLL_BUF_SIZE, 6 MPI_Status_c2f, 5
MPI_COLL_OPT_HINTS, 6 MPI_Status_f2c, 5
MPI_COLL_OPT_OFF, 6 MPI_Type_create_resized, 5
Export license, 16 MPI_Type_get_true_extent, 5
MPT
F installing, 2
Features, 5 overview, 1
Field notices (FNs), 20
N
G Netlib, 13
Glossary, 11 Netlib Repository, 13
News groups, 13

S–3689–24 25
Cray Message Passing Toolkit Release Overview

O Request for Technical Assistance (RTA), 19–20

Ordering Requirements, 15
documentation, 12
software, 16 S
Shipping, 17
P Software enhancements, 5
PDF, 9 Software Problem Report (SPR), 19–20
Performance improvement Software Publications contact information, 3
MPI_Allgather, 5 Subscriber CRInform, 19
MPI_Allgatherv, 5 Support agreement, 16, 19
MPI_Allreduce, 5 Support center, 19
MPI_Alltoall, 5
MPI_Alltoallv, 5 T
MPI_Bcast, 5 Technical support, 19
MPI_Reduce, 5 Training, 20
shmem_barrier_all, 6
PrgEnv U
module, 2 Upgrades, 15
Problems, 19
Public domain versions, 13 W
Publications, 9 Web sites
See Cray web sites
R
Reader comments, 3

26 S–3689–24