Running head: HISTORY AND THEORY PAPER

History and Theory Paper Tammy Poe PSYCH 645 March 24, 1014 Professor Kathleen Bernhard

HISTORY AND THEORY PAPER

History and Theory Paper Humans are executives over an everlasting evolving World, which includes psychology. For many years, and during the dynasty of several honorable psychologists and psychiatrists theories considered new and reassuring, yet ambiguous formed the foundation for new theory research and discovery. Carl Rogers and Sigmund Freud built theories often applied in psychology today. Rogers and Freud have established a valid and useful understanding of the mind. Freud is known for his work and development on the psychological paradigm, also known as theory of psychoanalysis (Stea, 2012). Rogers theory is known as the person-centered theory, and his work is valuable to todays discoveries. Without Freud and Rogers, psychology may have a different panorama, but in all, psychology continues to emerge our thoughts, knowledge, and understanding as humans continue to grow. Most psychologists consider Freuds psychoanalysis is linked to a network of perceptions for the purpose of therapeutic treatments applied to various disorders found in the DSM. Freud began his theory of psychoanalysis after working with well-known neurologist J.M. Charcot. During this time, Freud sincerely sided with the idea that hysteria was caused by emotional disturbance and may be caused by organic symptoms of an individuals nervous system. Freud practiced his methods by treating people with mental disorders along with others, by administrating his psychoanalytic methods. During that time, some students, doctors, and others merged with Freud to learn and help. Some honorable people had merged his work were C. G. Jung and Alfred Adler. Psychoanalysis together with theoretical foundations has influenced psychiatry and psychology while playing a part in the development of psychiatry and psychology today (Psychoanalysis, 2011). Freuds focal point was psychoanalysis.

HISTORY AND THEORY PAPER

He directed his attention on early childhood because he believed that early childhood is a crucial time for obtaining a complete understanding of a persons psyche. Freud followed his understanding, and came to the conclusion that conflicts in individuals lives did not occur later in life, rather, realized that conflicts occurred during a persons childhood. A lot of theories and other psychological developments were available because of Freuds theory that conflicts develop during the first stages of a childs life (Psychoanalysis, 2011). Psychoanalysis is an important part of treatment for a person however, it is significant to distant a patient receiving treatment and the professional administering the psychoanalytic treatment. Patients are looking to further their relationship with their treating professional. As therapy has emerged in psychology, treating professional do not always focus their discoveries of treatment on the clients childhood. The professionals may focus on current situations in ones life, focus on current events and dismiss talking about childhood. Psychoanalysis has a firm hold in the modern evolution of psychology, but it is quickly losing its grip, and moves abroad for the new development, such as cognitive treatments and other findings in neurobiology psychoanalysis along with other underlying findings (2011). C. Rogers developed the person-centered psychotherapy. Rogers had much respect for Freud, but he did not approve of Freuds idea that conflicts arise only during childhood. Rogers also opposed that people would mature and discover self-actualization during a persons lifetime (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). Rogers thought this type of awareness was not psychotherapy, it was counseling for the person. A relationship between a professional medical person and patient is known as patient-doctor relationship. Even though this approach was wellknown, Rogers had a different view. Rogers believed it is a person-to-person relationship.

HISTORY AND THEORY PAPER

Upon this approach, the client is not the one doing all the talking. The therapist is doing the talking with the client. Rogers was keen on using the word client when referring to his patients. Rogers felt this would allow the client to acknowledge that he or she was not ill of some biological illness (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). Rogers person-centered practice was a highly recognized therapy practice and is still used today for treating people. Conclusion Psychoanalysis and person-centered theories have a strong impact in psychology today, and will continue to have an impact for centuries to come. Theories Freud developed during his career continue to emerge and forever changing the way people see psychology years later. Freuds theories not only changed the design of psychology, they also changed how professionals in the field of science of psychology see their audience and influencing culture. Freud believed that conflicts are childhood problems and do most of the growing up during childhood. Whereas, Rogers believed that people continue to emerge through life as we grow. Psychology has been emerging for many years, from inhuman theories of generations past to the person-to-person treatment, psychology is continuously changing and evolve into science of detailed theories, questions, and answers. I think that psychology may develop scientifically better in the near future as psychology discovers secrets of the mind. Freud did not believe that people continue to gain knowledge as they mature, rather that childhood was the time that was crucial to the mind. However, Rogers thought that people mature and gain knowledge have self-actualizing as they grow and continue to gain throughout life instead of only during childhood (Cervone & Pervin, 2010). Rogers also thought that each person is one, and obtains their own individuality (Cooper & McLeod, 2011).

HISTORY AND THEORY PAPER

We as humans continue to mature, learning from past experiences, a person can learn to become a better individual. Rogers person-focused therapy has taught others that there are important views to acknowledging that people are unique, while Freud acknowledged that it is critical to speak to clients and how crucial it is to understand psychoanalysis. Freud subjects were referred to as patients while Rogers subjects were referred to as clients. People are more than a body in time they are capsule that records what happens during that time.

HISTORY AND THEORY PAPER

References

Cooper, M., & McLeod, J. (2011). Person-centered therapy: A pluralistic perspective. PersonCentered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 10(3), 210-223. Doi:10.1080/14779757.2011.599517 Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2010). Personality: Theory and research (11th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Tubert-Oklander, J. (2011). Lost in Translation: A Contribution to Intercultural Understanding. Canadian Journal of Psychoanalysis, 19(1), 144-168. Psychoanalysis. (2011). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition, 1. Stea, J.N., (2012). Freuds Conceptualization of the Social World: Psychology Recapitulating Sociology or Sociology Recapitulating Psychology? Europes Journal of Psychology 8, no. 1:182-202.