Lightning Protection

Study/Report UMKC Substation

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Kansas City, Missouri

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Burns & McDonnell

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University of Missouri - Kansas City

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By: Robert Biggs

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The following lightning protection study, with its associated drawings, is intended to display the level of protection and suggested lightning protection that should be added to the new ring bus substation configuration in the scope of the UMKC Substation Project. This lightning protection study was done based on the protection of equipment in the substation using different combinations for the electrodes and shield wires to provide the best protection to the equipment within the substation from lightning strokes. All protection calculations have been derived from the IEEE Standard 998-2012, "IEEE Guide for Direct Lightning Stroke Shielding of Substations." UMKC used the rolling sphere method for this study. Each calculation of protection was taken as a single piece of protection equipment first. Next, depending on the distance of separation between other pieces of protection equipment the combination calculation was done to determine what level of protection exists in between the two pieces of equipment. Definitions and Equations:

h(e): Referred to as the height of the equipment in feet. This is the tallest piece of equipment needing protection around the electrode. r(c): Referred to as the radius of conductor in feet. This is the radius or effective radius (in feet) of the energized bus needing protection. h(m): Referred to as the height of the shielding mast above ground in feet. h(w): Referred to as the height of the shield wire above ground in feet. d(1), d(2), d(3): Refer to the distances between adjacent masts or shield wires (in feet). I(s): Referred to as the stroke current. This is the maximum allowable current the station bus and insulation can withstand before experiencing flashover in kA. 2.2 xBIL o I(s) = ! Z ( s ) for BIL > 350kV o I(s) = 2kA for BIL " 350kV o Z(s) = 60Ln(2h(e)/r(c)) S: Referred to as the strike distance. The strike distance is the length of the last stepped leader (in feet), which defines the radius of the rolling sphere. 0.65 o ! S = 26.25kI ( s ) ! k is a coefficient to account for different striking distances for masts and wires. It is 1.2 for strikes to masts and 1 for strikes to wires. r: Referred to as the radius of protection. The distance (in feet) from the shielding electrode to the edge of protection for a given equipment height. o For a Mast:

r = S 2 ! (S ! h(m )) ! S 2 ! (S ! h(e )) for h(m) < S ! !

r = S 2 ! S 2 ! (S ! h(e )) ! ! o For a Wire
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for h(m) " S

r = S 2 ! (S ! h(w)) ! S 2 ! (S ! h(e )) ! ! r(1): Referred to as the radius (in feet) of the curvature of the unprotected area originating a distance of x from the following midpoint of two structures. r (1) = S 2 ! (S ! h(e )) o !
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x(1), x(2), x(3): Referred to as the distance (in feet) from the midpoint of adjacent masts (or shield wire supports), perpendicular to the center of the unprotected area with r(1) as explained above. o For a Mast:

'd $ 2 r = S ! % " ! (S ! h(m )) &2# ! ! o For a Wire:

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'd $ 2 r = S ! % " ! (S ! h(w)) &2# ! ! d is the distance between two adjacent structures (in feet)
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138kV Protection (See Appendix Figures 1 through ) o Triple Mast Configuration 1. Mast1 New lightning mast located above west leg of the new A-frame north of the west breaker. " Mast2 New lightning mast located 84.2' directly north of Mast1. " Mast3 New lightning mast located 71.9' directly east of Mast 1." Protecting 3 bus whose radius is 0.1458. (See Figure 1) h(e)=25, r(c)=0.1458, h(m)=71, d(1)=68.5, d(2)=84.2, d(3)=113.3 Protection Results o I(s)=3.45kA, S=70.5, r =16.7, x(1)=61.6, x(2)=56.6, x(3)=42.0, r(1)=53.9, sin alpha=0.60, ! R=56.9, b=87.7' 2. Mast1 New lightning mast located above west leg of the new A-frame north of the west breaker. "

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Mast2 New lightning mast located 84.2' directly north of Mast1. " Mast3 New lightning mast located 15.5' north and 15.8' east of Mast3." Protecting 3 bus whose radius is 0.1458. (See Figure 2) h(e)=25, r(c)=0.1458, h(m)=71, d(1)=89.0, d(2)=84.2, d(3)=113.4 Protection Results o I(s)=3.45kA, S=70.5, r =16.66', x(1)=54.7, x(2)=56.6, x(3)=41.9, r(1)=53.9, sin alpha=0.78, ! R=57.3, b=87.1 o

Double Shield Wire Configurations 6. First Wire: New shield wire extending from the 138kV transmission tower to Mast3 on the east leg of the new A-frame structure. " Second Wire: New shield wire extending from Mast5 to Mast6. " Protecting 3 bus whose radius is 0.1458. (See Figure 3) h(e)=25.0, r(c)=0.1458, h(w south)=80', h(w north)=56' d(1)=110.7, d(2)=106.5' Protection Results o I(s)=3.45kA, S=58.8, r =10.6, x(1)=19.5, x(2)=24.7', r(1)=48.1 7. First Wire: New shield wire extending from the 138kV transmission tower to Mast1." Second Wire: New shield wire extending from the 138kV transmission tower to Mast3." Protecting 3 bus whose radius is 0.1458. (See Figure 4) h(e)=25.0, r(c)=0.1458', h(w)=56, d(1)=68.54 Protection Results o I(s)=3.45kA, S=58.8, r =10.6', x(1)=47.7, r(1)=48.1 8. First Wire: New shield wire extending from Mast1 to Mast2." Second Wire: New shield wire extending from the 69kV transmission tower to Mast4." Protecting 3 bus whose radius is 0.1458. (See Figure 5) h(e)=25.0, r(c)=0.1458, h(w masts)=56, h(w tower)=70', d(1)=68.5, d(2)=114.8 Protection Results o I(s)=3.45kA, S=58.8, r =10.6, x(1)=47.7, x(2)=12.3', r(1)=48.1

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Recommendations! The scope of this lightning protection project includes complete protection for substation components, in their entirety. UMKC Senior Design Substation Team recommends completing this coverage:

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1. By running shield wires from the 138kV transmission tower to a) lightning Mast1, located on the west leg of the A-frame structure, and to b) lightning Mast2 located above the east leg of the A-frame structure. This A-frame structure is located between the two south breakers and north-east breaker. 2. By running a shield wire from the 69kV transmission tower to lightning Mast4, located above the west leg of the H-frame structure. The H-frame structure is located north of the transformer and the 69kV breaker. 3. By running shield wire from lighting Mast5, located south of the control building, to lightning Mast6, located north of the control building.

With these lightning protection components installed in the prescribed locations, both the 138kV system and the 69kV system will have complete lightning protection coverage. Figure 6 shows complete lightning mast and shield wire protection.

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APPENDIX
Reference Figures For Different Protection Configurations

Figure 1

Figure 2

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Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6