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The Cell
In chemistry, ions that move freely will conduct electricity during electrolysis. In physics, we are dealing with electricity as a flow of electrons. A cell uses chemical reactions to make electricity. Electricity will flow from the cell (or battery), and back to the cell. There is a difference between a cell and a battery.. A cell converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It comprises of two electrodes: an anode (the positive electrode) and a cathode (the negative electrode), with an electrolyte between them. At each electrode a half-cell electrochemical reaction takes place, as illustrated by the animation below.Two or more cells that are joined together are called a battery. The word "battery" is used to mean "collection". A collection of cells is called a battery of cells. The cells of a battery are joined together in series. The positive side of one cell touches the negative side of the next cell.
Separator: It physically separates the anode and the cathode, to prevent electrical short circuits, but allows ionic conduction to occur in the electrolyte. They are important to batteries because their structure and properties considerably affect the battery performance Seal: The function of the seal is to prevent evaporation of the electrolyte, and to prevent oxygen entering the cell and corroding the zinc. It also prevents the electrolyte from evaporating. Jacket: The jacket provides strength and protection, and will hold the manufacturers label. Electrical contacts: These are the terminals of the battery, and are tin plated steel or brass. They aid conductivity and prevent exposure of the zinc.
Primary Cells
A primary cell is one that is not rechargeable and is thrown away when its chemicals have been used up. Many of these are dry cells cells in which the electrolyte is not a liquid but a paste or similar. The cell electrochemical reactions are not easily reversible and the cell is used until the active components in the electrodes are exhausted. Generally, primary cells have a higher capacity and initial voltage than secondary/rechargeable batteries. While, A secondary cell is one that can be recharged by forcing current backwards, or in the reverse direction, through the cell. It is a rechargeable battery. The electrochemical reaction of the cell is reversible. They cost a lot more than primary cells.
Disadvantages of Primary Cells: High internal resistance Not rechargeable Low life cycle Advantages of Secondary Cells:
High power density High discharge rate Good low temperature performance Maximum current is 55-100mA Low internal resistance