Engine Fuel System

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Petrol Engines

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Fuel/Air ratio
The purpose of the carburettor in case of Petrol Engines is to mix air and fuel,
So the fuel/air ratio is theoretically 1:14,6. When the supply of airis more, the
ratio gets higher than 1:14,6 i.e. a leaner mixture, there still will be some free
oxygen left in the exhaust gases. If the supply of fuel is more than air the ratio
gets below 1:14 i.e. a richer mixture,there will be no free oxygen left but some
fuel will leave the engine unused.

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Carburettor

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Venturi-type Carburetor
Air/Fuel Mixture To Engine

Bernoulli Effect:
P+1/2 V2 = Constant Throttle Plate

Atomized Fuel

Fuel Inlet Valve Stem

Float Venturi

Bowl Choke Plate

Constant level is
maintained in bowl Fuel Inlet Air
-as float moves Nozzle
down,
valve stem moves
down, allowing more Metering Orifice
fuel into bowl, float
moves up and closes
valve
CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007
 Desirable Features
1 To meter & supply the correct amount of air fuel mixture
ratios under all conditions of load & speed of the
engine for
• Easily Starting
• Providing rich mixture forslow idling
• Providing rich mixture for aceleration
• Providing rich mixture for high speed
2 To operate satisfactorily during hot & cold weathers
3 To be robust
4 To withstand the density changes for varying altitudes.

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Main Systems
• Float System
• Idle System
• Main Metering System
• Power System
• Accelerator Pump System
• Choke System

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Float System

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Idle System

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Low Speed Operation

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Main Metering System

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Metering Rod Types
• Tapered
• Stepped

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Tapered Rod

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Stepped Rod

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 Power System

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Accelerator Pump System

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Choke System

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Diesel Fuel System
In diesel fuel system only air is sucked into
the cylinder during the intake stroke.

The combustion of fuel takes place as soon

as the diesel is injected into the cylinder
prior to power stroke.

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007
 The injection in case of diesel engine is executed with the help of Fuel
Injection Pump(FIP)in conjunction to the nozzles /injectors.
The Main parts of the FIP are
• FIP driving gear
• FIP Cam Shaft
• Followers
• Plungers
• Barrels
• Retaining Springs
• Governor
• Spring Loaded rack arrangement

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Main Parts

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 No Delivery

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Full Delivery

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Partial Delivery

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Barrel

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 Mechanical Injectors

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007
 Nozzle

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 Fuel Injection

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

Multi Point Fuel Injection(MPFI)

Monitored Engine
Operating Conditions:
TRIGGER COMPUTER Manifold Pressure
Engine Speed
Air Temperature
Coolant Temperature
Acceleration

INJECTOR DRIVE UNIT

Pressure Regulator Fuel Fuel

50 psi typical Filter Pump

Injectors

FUEL TANK

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007

 THANK YOU

CARBURETION & INJECTION C Copyright Gautam Malik 2007