Reauing:

Topic sentence: 1. Sentence Then 2. Then last to seaich main iuea ususally
Reau Intiouuction then conclusion
Natching heauings ....eveiy woiu in the heauing shoulu be miiioieu in the paiagiaph
Answei may be in a pictuie

Wiiting:
..
!"#$% !'($ #) %*+%,$%-.
If the task incluues the woius "(wiite fiom) youi own
expeiience", it means fiom the knowleuge you have of a paiticulai topic, anu uoes not
usually mean wiiting about youi peisonal expeiiences (unless specifically iequesteu).
e.g.
!"#$%&#%'()'#*$+$% -.'*/'#/ +/ #$ '01*'2')3 4+55+6&)1 7*-6'//8!
not
!9:'$ ; <#/ +$ =$%)#$4> ; 5-&$4 )'#*$+$% # )#$%&#%' 1- ?' .'*3 4+55+6&)18!


!@:'*' #*' 2#$3 *+6: #$4 7--* 6-&$1*+'/ +$ 1:' <-*)4!8
It makes a statement that is much too geneial in content anu is obviously tiue. Although
no-one woulu aigue with the tiuth of the statement, it is not an infoimative oi
inteiesting sentence to ieau.
!@:'*'A #*' 2#$3 2-*' 7--* 6-&$1*+'/ 1:#$ *+6: 6-&$1*+'/> 3'1 1:' )#11'* #*' +$
7-//'//+-$ -5 #)2-/1 #)) -5 1:' <-*)4A/ '6-$-2+6 <'#)1:!8
Note that the seconu sentence answeis at least
/ !'0'1! 23%)$#14)5
6'#,' countiies. .. *+6: #$4 7--*
71! 8(49 (iich anu pooi) countiies. ...2#$3 2-*' 7--* 6-&$1*+'/ 1:#$ *+6:
71! 83,' (uo the iich countiies own). ...#)2-/1 #)) -5 1:' <-*)4A/ '6-$-2+6 <'#)1:8
Who. What. Wheie. When. Why. Which. Bow many. Bow much. Bow often.
'Answeis' to whhow questions auu inteiest to youi sentences.
@*3 1- +$6)&4' 1:' #$/<'* 1- #1 )'#/1 B <:C:-< D&'/1+-$/ +$ 3-&* /'$1'$6'


1u. Check that youi conuitional foims aie coiiect:
Zeio: If + piesent tense ..., + piesent tense + infinitive...
1st: If+piesent tense ..., + will (may, might, coulu etc.) + infinitive ...
2nu If + past simple tense + woulu (may,might,coulu + infinitive) continuous
Siu If + past peifect tense ..., + woulu have (may have etc.) + past paiticiple ...



Statistics aie often expiesseu in peicentages:
Note also the following stiuctuies foi piesenting numbeis anu statistical uata:
The EEC anu the 0SA both hau 1u%.
The piofit *'2#+$'4 /1'#43 at 1u%.
The piofit *-/' 1- EFG8
The piofit 7'#H'4 at just ovei 1u%.
:'% 814$';9 +"1<#$ +$6*'#/'4 5')) =9 ;>? <"18 @A? $1 BA?. <"18 BA? $1 @A?.
Slovakia hau the laigest peicentage numbei of stuuents (1u%). (24S).
1u% of the stuuents.
1u% of the stuuents weie fiom the Feueiation of Russia.
Fiance accounteu foi. 1u% of the stuuents.
They maue twice thiee times foui times the piofit peicentage peicentage of piofit
in Nay than in Naich.
The piofit peicentage peicentage of piofit uoubleu incieaseu uecieaseu thiee-folu
foui-folu fiom Naich to Nay.
Company A's piofit peicentage iose steauily, wheieas thaL of Company B fell slightly.
Theie weie moie males than femals (1u anu S) iepsectively
School A has ( almost neaily appioximately about just ovei ovei)
(a quaitei of one a thiiu of one (a) half of one thiee quaiteis of )
the (total) numbei of stuuents.
(almost neaily appioximately about just ovei ovei)
a quaitei half thiee quaiteis twice thiee times
as many stuuents as much space as School B.
School A has
as many (stuuents) as
as much (space) as
School B.
of stuuents) as
(numbei
(piopoition
(amount


Suggesteu phiases foi iefutation paiagiaphs:
Nany people' believe that
0theis may aigue that
Those who uisagiee point out that

. Bowevei, I stiongly uisagiee ...because
. Nothing coulu be fuithei fiom the tiuth. In fact
. I finu it haiu to agiee ... foit he following ieasons
. Neveitheless, I cannot agiee ...
8
Peihaps this is tiue, but it cannot be uenieu that...
. This is paitly tiue, then again, ...

To help you iemembei what to check foi, you might like to leain this shoit ihyming
veise:
I+*/1 )--H 5-* 2+//+$% J*1+6)'/> #$4 ?' /&*' 1- 6:'6H 1:' *'/1>
@:+*4(7'*/-$ 7*'/'$1 /+$%&)#* K'*?/ #*' $'01> L&/1 #44 #$ A/A8
@:'$ 6:'6H 1:' .-+6' #$4 1'$/' -5 K'*?/> K'*? 5-*2/ #$4 K'*? #%*''2'$1/>
M&1 #51'* 1:' 5-&* K/ 6-2' 1:' 5-&* N/ -* 1:'*' A;; ?' %*+'.#$6'O
N)&*#)/> N*-$-&$/> N*'7-/+1+-$/P 6:'6H 3-&* N#*1/ -5 /7''6:>
J$4 5+$#))3> Q-$4+1+-$#)/P +5 &$6'*1#+$ 1:'$ 6:'6H '#6:8