1

WATER SUPPLY DISTRIBUTION

On completion of this module you should be able to

Describe a water supply distribution system

describe the components of pipe distribution systems

appreciate the Queensland Planning Guidelines for Water
Supply and Sewerage
design simple gravity and rising mains
determine the required storage capacities and location in a
water supply distribution
2
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
networ! of pipes " storage tan!s to meet demand
at satisfactory pressure

Grid or branching layout

Supply #ones and storage tan!s

Design flow rates

3
$eticulation pipe networ!s
Grid system
%ranching system
4
PIPE APPURTENANCES

Stop& butterfly valves

reflu' or non(returning valves

pressure reducing& pressure sustaining valves

pressure relief valves )surge*

air valves

hydrants
5
PIPE APPURTENANCES
6
Design of Urban Water Supp!
S"#e$es
+run! main from headwor!s to distribution reservoirs must cater
for ,D,, capacity
Supply mains from service reservoirs and reticulation networ!
must achieve ,- demand

,a'imum pressure ./ m head in pipelines

,inimum pressure 00 m )10 m under firefighting*

7
So$e %esign para$eters
nnual demand is the total demand for a community& ,23year
verage daily demand )DD* 4 nnual demand3567& ,23d

,ean day ma'imum month ),D,,* 4 187 ' DD

,a'imum day ),D* 4 187 ' ,D,,

,a'imum hour ),-* 4 ,D310 or 0807 ' DD310
8
Design of &ra'it! Main

Determine the ma'imum capacity

Select pressure at load centre& chec! for pressure at high and

low points
scertain +W2 of service reservoir and total losses
Static head must not be e'cessive8 9onsider ad:usting
elevations or introduce brea!(pressure tan!
Design for appropriate pipe diameter through a process of
iteration
9
Design of &ra'it! Main
10
Ma(i$u$ "apa"it!
;or trun! main from the headwor!s to the distribution storage
tan!& the design capacity is ,D,,

;or other mains and within the reticulation system& the pipe
must be designed to carry the ma'imum instantaneous flow i8e8
,- demand8
+his depends on the location of the delivery system
11
)!%raui" e*uations

<se Darcy(Weisbach and ,oody equations

Determine the head losses )friction and minor*
;riction loss 4 f L v
0
3)0gD*
1
1
]
1

,
_

+ +
3
1
6
10 20000
1 0055 . 0
R
s
N D
k
f
12
Design of Rising Main

Operating hours must be less than 0= hours

Operating cost and not construction cost may be a

significant factor

Pump power is directly related to head losses which

increases with the square of flow velocity

<se economic analysis

13
Ser'i"e Reser'oir
Provides adequate pressure and acts as
a buffer between supply and demand

Operating storage

%rea!down storage

;irefighting
14
T!pes of Ser'i"e Reser'oirs

Surface tan!

Standpipe

>levated tan!
15
Lo"ation of Storage Reser'oir
Storage reservoir is an essential component of a distribution
system8 strategic location is important in terms of cost and
service

2ocate centrally and as close as possible to the area it serves to

minimise head losses and capital construction costs

2ocate at an elevation )natural or constructed* high enough to

provide adequate pressures

+o accommodate fluctuation in demand& high and low supply

operations regimes are to be provided
16
$eservoir location influences pressure distribution
17
Use of rise an% fa $ain
18
En% of Mo%ue +, - Water %istribution
s!ste$s